Tag: pubmed

Sleep Breath. 2025 Feb 27;29(1):114. doi: 10.1007/s11325-025-03271-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The rising rates of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and frailty among older adults are linked to higher mortality rates. Depression merges as a critical determinant associated with both OSA and frailty. This study investigates the impact of depression on the risk of developing frailty in older adults diagnosed with OSA.

METHOD: Data from 1,021 older adults diagnosed with OSA were analyzed. Participants were stratified into two groups based on their scores on the 12-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-12) to evaluate differences in frailty incidence over time.

RESULT: Depression was identified in 113 patients (11.0%). Frailty developed in 276 patients during the median 52-month follow-up. The multivariate analysis indicated a significant link between depression and increased frailty risk (aHR = 2.65; 95% CI: 2.01-3.05; P < 0.001). Further subgroup analyses indicated that patients with moderate-to-severe OSA (aHR = 3.01; 95% CI: 2.20-4.10; P < 0.001) who also experienced depression faced a particularly heightened risk of frailty.

CONCLUSION: Depression is prevalent among older adults with OSA and constitutes an independent risk factor for frailty development. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing depression in this population to mitigate frailty risk.

PMID:40014277 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-025-03271-w

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04559-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Trace elements (TE) function as essential micronutrients involved in the biochemical and physiological processes of the human body. We evaluated the baseline serum concentrations of TE as a predictor of clinical outcomes in critically ill trauma patients and monitored the concentrations of TE during the patients intensive care unit (ICU) stay. A total of 89 patients were enrolled. Within the first 24 h of patients’ admission, concentrations of TE, zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were measured and monitored on the 5th and 10th day of patients ICU stay. The concentrations of Zn, Se, Cu and Mn were determined from serum using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas the concentration of Fe using the photometric method. ANOVA and logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis with the level of significance set at 0.05. At the time of ICU admission, deficiency of Cu was observed in 11 out of 89 (0.13), Zn in 82 (0.92), Se in 5 (0.06) and Fe in 52 (0.58) patients, while excess of Mn was detected in 27 (0.30) and Cu in 3 (0.03) patients. A significant increase of Zn and Cu concentrations was observed from admission to 10th day (P < 0.001 for both), although Zn concentrations did not reach the lower limit of the reference interval. Logistic regression analysis found that only a low concentration of Zn at admission was associated with mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.64-0.96; P = 0.018). Furthermore, the concentrations of TE at admission in critically ill trauma patients did not have an impact on the overall length of the ICU and hospital stay, nor on mortality.

PMID:40014249 | DOI:10.1007/s12011-025-04559-4

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36171-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ensuring accurate detection and attribution of abnormal releases of radioactive material is critical for protecting human health and safety. Most commonly, such detection is accomplished via active monitoring approaches involving the collection of physical samples. This is labor intensive and limits the temporal and spatial resolution of any detected events to a relatively coarse level. As an alternative first step towards passive monitoring, we developed an approach using eddy flux tower data records to identify signals from a known abnormal release and quantify the extent to which that signal also occurs at other times in the data record. Through two case studies, one of which targeted the Fukushima nuclear disaster and the other targeting an abnormal release event at a radioisotope production facility in Fleurus, Belgium, we tested our approach and identified several potential heretofore unidentified abnormal events that were consistent with atmospheric circulation patterns and/or wind direction from known release sites. Because our approach is relatively simple and is resistant to systematic errors in the observational record, it has broad applicability beyond specific constituents and ecosystem types to identify a wide variety of limited-duration anomalies in flux tower data to ensure human health and industrial safety.

PMID:40014241 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-025-36171-3

Obes Surg. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s11695-025-07747-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a multifaceted problem for global healthcare, influenced by socioeconomic factors. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment where less invasive management has been unsuccessful. The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on surgical outcomes is a novel area of research. The present study aims to investigate the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on bariatric surgery outcomes.

METHODS: Data was prospectively collected at a regional bariatric centre in Scotland. The study included patients who received either a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) or Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) (2008-2022). Follow-up occurred postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year and annually thereafter. Socioeconomic deprivation was measured using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) using residential postcodes to generate a deprivation quintile (Q1-5). The primary outcome was percentage total weight loss (%TWL). Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, comorbidity status, nutritional status, length of stay and re-admissions. Grouped analysis was conducted to represent a more deprived group (Q1-3) and a less deprived group (Q4-5). Statistical analysis was carried out of the data. The study was carried out using the STROBE principles.

RESULTS: 316 patients were included (median follow-up, 7 years; median %TWL, 23.8%). There was no significant difference in median %TWL (p = 0.528), short-term (p = 0.619) or long-term (p = 0.164) complications and resolution (p = 0.472), improvement (p = 0.282) or exacerbation of comorbidities (p = 0.717) between socioeconomic quintiles.

CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic deprivation does not limit bariatric surgery outcomes and should not be a barrier to surgery.

PMID:40014237 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-025-07747-2

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Feb 27;57(2):84. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04332-8.

ABSTRACT

The Patanwadi sheep breed, an indigenous species from Gujarat, India, is primarily reared for wool, mutton, and household milk production. Patanwadi wool attracts lower prices mainly because of its coarseness. However, complete wool profiling of Patanwadi sheep has remained unknown to date. This study comprehensively analyzes clean fiber (scouring) yield, morphology, elements, and physico-mechanical properties of Patanwadi wool. The physico-mechanical properties determined include fiber diameter, staple length, crimp per centimeter, color, bundle strength, elongation, and modulus. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals distinct fiber scale morphology, with sharper scales in male sheep wool compared to female counterparts. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of sulfur and trace levels of calcium within Patanwadi wool fibers. Results indicate a statistically significant effect (P < 0.05) of animal sex on the physico-mechanical parameters, including elongation, modulus, moisture content, and moisture regain. Given its coarse nature and high medullation, Patanwadi wool is less suited for fine apparel but holds promise as an insulation material and in other innovative coarse wool applications. This research broadens the utility of Patanwadi coarse wool for value-added practical end uses, ensuring sustainability and yielding better realization of the wool.

PMID:40014190 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04332-8

CVIR Endovasc. 2025 Feb 27;8(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s42155-025-00530-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The venous uptake following the application of Everolimus-coated balloons is under reported. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and Everolimus (EVR) deliverability of a novel non-commercially available Everolimus-Coated Balloon (ECB) catheter in a swine healthy peripheral vein model.

METHODS: In total 12 ECBs (5.0 μg/mm²) were inflated in 12 venous segments. The primary feasibility endpoint was the successful application of the ECB at the target venous sites. The primary efficacy endpoint was the successful drug uptake by the target venous tissue at 24 h and 7 days, assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from major adverse events.

RESULTS: Everolimus was detected in 10 out of 12 (83.33%) tissue samples (all six tissue samples at 24 h post-intervention and in four out of six samples at 7 days). The mean weight of the examined tissue was 0.20604 ± 0.29822 g (range: 0.37475-0.02229 g). The average EVR tissue content detected at 24 h (135.67 ± 204.95 μg/g) was numerically superior, but non-statistically significant to the that detected 7 days post-procedure (96.85 ± 110.89 μg/g). The average quantity of EVR on the balloon after retrieval was 33.9% of the initial drug dose. No adverse events were recorded, and no abnormalities were noted during autopsy.

CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed ECB successfully delivered Everolimus within the healthy venous wall. No adverse events were noted at a short-term follow-up.

RELEVANCE STATEMENT: These safety and feasibility results justify further experimental and clinical research to demonstrate the safety efficacy the specific balloon catheter.

PMID:40014181 | DOI:10.1186/s42155-025-00530-5

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Feb 27;57(2):83. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04358-y.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to quantify the carbon footprint (CF) from Fleckvieh cattle production systems in the Amazon region of Peru. Ten farms distributed across four provinces: Chachapoyas (System I; n = 2), Bongara (System II; n = 4), Rodriguez de Mendoza (System III; n = 2), and Utcubamba (System IV; n = 2) were assessed. Parameters such as average live weight, animal units (AU), dry matter intake, fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM), digestibility, and protein content of consumed forage were analyzed. CF was calculated using the 2019 Refinement to 2006 IPCC guidelines. The database was analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s statistical test (p < 0.05) to compare the systems. A Pearson correlation was carried out to observe the variables association level. Results revealed a CF of 2.50, 2.70 and 2.65 kg CO₂eq/kg FPCM by biophysical allocation, according to Global Warming Potential 2007, 2014 and 2021, respectively. Enteric methane (82.6%) and nitrous oxide from manure management (17.2%) were the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Positive correlations were found between methane and nitrous oxide emissions whit total FPCM (r = 0.94), total AU (r = 0.99), and low-producing animals (r = 0.96). System I exhibited the lowest enteric methane emissions, suggesting better livestock and feed management. The study highlights the need to optimize herd composition, increase production levels, and reduce low-producing animals to mitigate CF. Additionally, improving forage quality (increasing the digestibility) enhances milk production, securing the economic well-being of smallholder farmers and agricultural sustainability in the Amazon region.

PMID:40014177 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04358-y

Neurosurg Rev. 2025 Feb 27;48(1):270. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03435-y.

ABSTRACT

Hemilaminectomy is a less invasive surgical option than laminectomy for spinal tumors, but which method provides better results remains to be determined. Thus, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing outcomes between the two approaches. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies comparing hemilaminectomy to laminectomy in patients who underwent spinal tumor resection until August 2024. The outcomes were total resection rate, neurological deterioration, postoperative complications, length of stay, operative time, and estimated blood loss. Statistical analysis was performed via R software (version 4.4.1). Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. We included 12 studies with 1047 patients, of whom 405 (38.7%) underwent hemilaminectomy. The mean age was 56.6 ± 7.5 years. The mean follow-up ranged from 1 to 60 months. Among the tumors, 44.8% were meningiomas, and 57.4% were located in the thoracic spine. With no significant difference between hemilaminectomy and laminectomy in terms of the total resection rate achieved (RR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.98-1.11, I² = 38%), hemilaminectomy showed lower neurological deterioration (RR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81, I² = 0%) and postoperative complications (RR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39-0.86, I² = 12%). Furthermore, the length of stay (MD -2.91 days, 95% CI: -4.98 to -0.85; I² = 90%), operative time (MD -26.44 min, 95% CI: -46.22 to -6.67; I² = 61%), and estimated blood loss (MD -115.64 mL, 95% CI: -175.68 to -55.60; I² = 78%) were significantly lower in hemilaminectomy. Hemilaminectomy is associated with lower neurological deterioration, postoperative complications, operation time, length of stay, and estimated blood loss. Therefore, our results might suggest that hemilaminectomy may be a more promising and preferable alternative to laminectomy.

PMID:40014169 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-025-03435-y

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2025 Feb 27;15(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12348-025-00471-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endophthalmitis is a rare but severe eye inflammatory disorder caused by bacterial infection that can occur after cataract surgery. Most bacteria are part of the patient’s natural flora, and even with antibiotic treatment, it causes considerable ocular morbidity and vision loss.

PURPOSE: To investigate the preoperative conjunctival flora and their antibiotic susceptibility in patients undergoing cataract surgery at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, a tertiary ophthalmology center in Baghdad, Iraq.

METHODS: This cross-sectional, single-center study based on conjunctival swabs of patients prior to cataract surgery and cultured using blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Statistics Version 23.

RESULTS: A total of 200 patients (200 conjunctival swabs of consecutive 200 eyes) scheduled for cataract surgery were included. Positive cultures were found in 45 (24%) patients. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism (75% of isolates), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14.58%), Aspergillus species (6.25%), and E. coli (4.17%). S. epidermidis showed the highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (97.2%) and chloramphenicol (94.4%) and the lowest sensitivity to fusidic acid (11.1%) and ceftazidime (5.6%). S. aureus exhibited the highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol (100%) and tobramycin (85.7%) but was completely resistant to ceftazidime and fusidic acid (100% resistance). E. coli isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed conjunctival microbial colonization in 24% of cataract surgery candidates, with S. epidermidis being the most prevalent isolate. Chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin showed high sensitivity. Fusidic acid and Ceftazidime exhibited negligible sensitivity.

PMID:40014159 | DOI:10.1186/s12348-025-00471-z

J Clin Ultrasound. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/jcu.23943. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound provides an advantage for obtaining vascular access in deep peripheral veins. Short-axis imaging gives the spatial relationship between the needle and the blood vessel, while long-axis allows for visualization of the whole length of the needle. Biplane imaging allows for simultaneous visualization of both views.

METHODS: Thirty participants were enrolled to assess whether biplane imaging provided an advantage for placing intravenous (IV) catheters in a commercially available phantom. Volunteers then performed 6 ultrasound guided attempts to place an IV, with the ultrasound view randomized between either biplane or single-plane imaging. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman correlation analyses were used for data analysis by the study biostatistician using SAS software version 9.4 (Cary, NC).

RESULTS: Only one participant had prior experience with the biplane modality. Across both imaging modalities, prior experience and comfort with placing IVs with ultrasound were correlated with better performance. Biplane imaging had significantly fewer mean needle redirections, 1.5 versus 2.1 (p = 0.002), and fewer mean posterior vessel wall penetration complications, 0.1 versus 0.3 (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in time to successful placement or the number of attempts between conditions.

DISCUSSION: While there was no significant difference in time to IV placement, other outcomes were consistent with the study’s hypothesis that biplane imaging would provide an advantage. Further studies are needed to evaluate if skills performed on phantoms are transferable to patient care.

PMID:40013427 | DOI:10.1002/jcu.23943