Tag: pubmed

Death Stud. 2025 Nov 7:1-6. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2025.2585931. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Using a cross-sectional design, this study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and the writing of a suicide note as well as the mediation and moderation effects of psychache (i.e., psychological pain) on this relationship. A non-clinical sample of 1012 young adults aged 17 to 29 years (M = 19.56; SD = 1.94; 3.7% > 25 years) participated. A mediation model was tested using path analysis through structural equation modeling, and a moderation model was tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, while statistically controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables. A partial mediating effect of psychological pain was found in the association between childhood trauma and writing a suicide note. Psychache also interacted and potentiated the relationship of childhood trauma with writing a suicide note. As such, psychache assists in explaining why and when individuals who have experienced more traumatic events in childhood are more likely to write suicide notes.

PMID:41204719 | DOI:10.1080/07481187.2025.2585931

Ultrastruct Pathol. 2025 Nov 7:1-26. doi: 10.1080/01913123.2025.2584119. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Tramadol (TRM) is a centrally acting analgesic drug used for management of moderate to severe pain. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that has the ability to mobilize stem cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation. This study was performed to evaluate the histological and biochemical alterations in the adrenal cortex after intake of tramadol and the possible protective role of G-CSF on it. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I as a control group, group II (TRM treated group) received a daily dose of 80 mg/kg body weight orally via gastric tube for 12 weeks and group III (TRM+G-CSF-treated group) received subcutaneous injections of 100 μg/kg body weight of G-CSF for seven consecutive days, then TRM from the 8th day to the end of the experiment in the same dose as group II. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for hormonal essay and tissue samples were processed. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. Morphometric and statistical studies were carried out. The study revealed that TRM induced histological and ultrastructural degenerative changes, decreased serum levels of aldosterone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone, as well as a strong positive Bax immune reaction. However, G-CSF reversed these alterations and showed a strong positive CD34 immune reaction. In conclusion: G-CSF improved histological, biochemical and immunohistochemical metrics in the rat adrenal cortex after tramadol-induced injury.

PMID:41204716 | DOI:10.1080/01913123.2025.2584119

Vet Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/vop.70108. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nasal mucosal anesthesia on aqueous tear secretion in dogs and to compare responses between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds.

ANIMAL STUDIED: Twenty healthy dogs (10 Australian Shepherds, 10 Boston Terriers).

PROCEDURES: All dogs received 0.5 mL of 10% lidocaine or saline into one randomly selected nostril. The alternate solution was administered in the same nostril 2 weeks later. Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) was performed bilaterally before and 15 min after nasal administration. Tear strip wetting was recorded every 10 s for 60 s; the initial uptake phase (0-10 s) reflected uptake of pre-existing tears, while the active secretion phase (10-60 s) represented reflex tearing. Statistical comparisons included paired t-tests and linear mixed-effects models.

RESULTS: In non-brachycephalic dogs, lidocaine significantly reduced STT-1 values in the treated side by 11.5% (20.0-17.7 mm, p = 0.045) and did not cause a significant change in the contralateral side (21.7-20.1 mm, -7.4%, p = 0.280). Reflex tear slope decreased by 21.7% (0.23-0.18 mm/s, p = 0.004), while the initial phase slope remained unchanged (0.84-0.88 mm/s, p = 0.653). In brachycephalic dogs, lidocaine had no significant effect in either eye or tear phase (p ≥ 0.132). Saline caused mild, non-significant increases in STT-1 across all groups (+0.4% to 8.4%, p ≥ 0.116). Mixed-effects analysis identified skull type as the only significant predictor of treatment response (p = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS: Nasal mucosal anesthesia reduced reflex tear production in dogs, particularly in non-brachycephalic breeds. These results confirm the presence of a functional nasolacrimal reflex in dogs and suggest diminished nasal sensory input in brachycephalic breeds.

PMID:41204707 | DOI:10.1111/vop.70108

J Oral Rehabil. 2025 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/joor.70100. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyse clinical features and psychological status according to the presence of concomitant headache in a well-defined group of temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

METHODS: Graded Chronic Pain Scale and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision were applied to evaluate pain disability and psychological characteristics in a group of 793 TMD patients. The presence of generalised bodily symptoms, sleep disturbance, and general health status was collected. Clinical and psychological variables associated with concomitant headache were statistically identified.

RESULTS: Among the TMD patients, 290 reported headache (37%). Those with headache reported higher levels of TMD pain intensity (p = 0.005) and more frequently reported pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles (p = 0.031) and temporomandibular joint (p = 0.007). Also, clenching (p = 0.016), sleep disturbance (p < 0.001), and insomnia (p < 0.001) were more prevalent. Those with headache experienced pain in other body regions more frequently. Higher levels of somatization (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.045), anxiety (p = 0.005), and paranoid ideation (p = 0.022) were found in the headache group.

CONCLUSIONS: TMD patients when reporting concomitant headache showed higher pain levels, widespread pain, and higher levels of psychological distress. The results indicate the need to appropriately address the issue of headache in TMD patients with an emphasis on psychological issues to improve overall prognosis.

PMID:41204702 | DOI:10.1111/joor.70100

Nephrology (Carlton). 2025 Nov;30(11):e70144. doi: 10.1111/nep.70144.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study analyzed global cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden linked to kidney dysfunction (1990-2021) using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data.

METHOD: Age-standardised death (ASDR: EAPC = -1.57) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs: EAPC = -1.44) rates declined globally, with consistent sex-based reductions. Burden escalated with age, disproportionately affecting older populations.

RESULTS: Among 19 regions, 18 showed ASDR declines; 20 regions had reduced DALYs. Australasia saw the steepest decreases (ASDR EAPC = -4.20; DALYs EAPC = -4.41), while Southern Sub-Saharan Africa experienced increases (ASDR EAPC = 0.51; DALYs EAPC = 0.34). High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions exhibited the largest declines (ASDR EAPC = -3.38; DALYs EAPC = -3.19). In 2021, Central Asia had the highest regional ASDR (70.71/100000) and DALYs (1243.96/100000), while Nauru recorded peak national rates (ASDR = 96.88; DALYs = 2268.19). Global CVD burden from kidney dysfunction decreased overall but revealed stark regional disparities. High-SDI regions achieved significant progress, whereas Central Asia and Nauru remained high-burden areas.

CONCLUSION: Aging populations correlated with rising rates, underscoring persistent age-related risks. Findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions in regions with stagnant or increasing trends and highlight sociodemographic influences on disease distribution. Sustained monitoring and age-specific preventive strategies are crucial to mitigate this health challenge.

PMID:41204691 | DOI:10.1111/nep.70144

Mov Disord. 2025 Nov 7. doi: 10.1002/mds.70114. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laryngeal dystonia (LD) is a focal task-specific dystonia, affecting speaking but not whispering or emotional vocalizations. Therapeutic options for LD are limited. We developed and tested a non-invasive, closed-loop, neurofeedback, brain-computer interface (BCI) intervention for LD treatment.

METHODS: Ten patients with isolated focal LD participated in the study. The personalized BCI system included visual neurofeedback of individual real-time electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during symptomatic speaking compared to asymptomatic whispering, presented in the virtual reality (VR) environment of real-life scenarios. During five consecutive days of intervention, patients used the BCI to learn to modulate their abnormally increased brain activity during speaking and match it to near-normal activity of asymptomatic whispering. Changes in voice symptoms and EEG activity were quantified for the evaluation of BCI effects.

RESULTS: Compared to baseline, LD patients had a statistically significant reduction of their voice symptoms on Days 1-5 of BCI intervention. Thi was paralleled by improved controllability of the visual neurofeedback and a significant reduction of left frontal delta power, including superior and middle frontal gyri, on Day 1 and left central gamma power, including premotor, primary sensorimotor, and inferior parietal areas, on Days 3 and 5. The majority of patients (70%) reported sustained positive effects of the BCI intervention on their voice quality 1 week after the study participation.

CONCLUSION: The closed-loop BCI neurofeedback intervention specifically targeting disorder pathophysiology shows significant potential as a novel treatment option for patients with LD and likely other forms of task-specific focal dystonia. © 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

PMID:41204680 | DOI:10.1002/mds.70114

Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2025 Dec;22(6):e70082. doi: 10.1111/wvn.70082.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for improving the quality of care and health outcomes in healthcare organizations. This study aimed to analyze the association between the nursing work environment and EBP elements, including attitude, training, implementation and quality of care.

METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1022 registered nurses from 57 primary care centers and four public hospitals in northern Spain. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) was used to assess the nursing work environment. Data collection also included the Health Sciences Evidence-Based Practice (HS-EBP) questionnaire to evaluate attitudes toward EBP, and self-reported measures of EBP training, EBP implementation, and overall quality of care. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the nursing work environment and EBP elements were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics.

RESULTS: Compared to nurses who reported working in unfavorable environments (n = 220; 21.5%), those working in favorable environments (n = 437; 42.8%) exhibited a positive attitude toward EBP (OR = 2.89; 95% CI [2.00, 4.18]), EBP implementation (OR = 2.30; 95% CI [1.52, 3.39]) and higher quality of care (OR = 2.35; 95% CI [1.61, 3.44]). Using a composite measure that considered all EBP elements, favorable environments were associated with overall EBP engagement (OR = 3.47; 95% CI [2.38, 5.07]). The most influential environmental dimensions were adequate staffing and strong nursing foundations.

LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: A favorable nursing work environment was strongly associated with a positive attitude toward EBP, the implementation of EBP, and a commitment to providing high-quality care. Key strategies to promote EBP should involve healthcare and academic institutions working together to establish a healthy work environment with appropriate staffing and care foundations rooted in nursing theory.

PMID:41204679 | DOI:10.1111/wvn.70082

Environ Microbiol Rep. 2025 Dec;17(6):e70232. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70232.

ABSTRACT

Our study aims to identify electrogenic bacteria and optimise culture conditions using different commercial and agro-industrial wastes as a sole carbon source. Potential candidates of electrogenic bacteria isolates (EBIs) were screened from anode-developed biofilm in a double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) bioreactor system. Characterisation using cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the isolated bacteria had a potential bio-electrochemical property. Statistical techniques were used, including response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). The highest cell growth, measured by optical density at 600 nm (OD_600nm) (1.1407 ± 0.00316) and cell dry weight (CDW) (0.02135 ± 0.00152 g/L), was obtained when commercial carbon glucose was used. Cost-effective, barley bran formulated media resulted in maximum growth, OD_600nm 1.52167 ± 0.03476 and CDW with 0.01541 ± 0.000071 g/L. The RSM optimised condition achieved a 32.3% fold increase of cell growth yield (OD_600nm) compared to unoptimised conditions. This is the first study to use 16S rRNA gene sequencing from anode biofilm to identify native Enterobacter species. In conclusion, the recently discovered isolate exhibited growth conditions between 18°C and 52°C, pH 3 and pH 11, and resistance to high salt concentrations (0.332 M NaCl). It might therefore be considered a potentially versatile biocatalyst candidate for MFC applications.

PMID:41204673 | DOI:10.1111/1758-2229.70232

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2025 Nov 7:1-9. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2025.2578794. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Disproportionately more of the world’s fatalities and injuries on the roads occur in low- and middle-income countries, despite these countries having approximately only 60% of the world’s vehicles. Injury rates due to motor-vehicles are related to a complex multidimensional array of risk factors, embedded in the social and economic infrastructure of a country or region. Whether environmental infrastructure factors differ in determining the risk of an injury for motor vehicle occupants compared to pedestrians and other vulnerable road users has not been extensively studied. We explored the role of environmental infrastructure factors on motor-vehicle-related non-fatal injury using the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study of 162,793 adults from 23 high-, middle- and low-income countries. As expected, low-income countries had slightly higher motor vehicle injury rates, with pedestrians tending to have higher injury rates in these countries. There was considerable variation in motor vehicle injury rates within country-income-categories, while there were similarities in motor vehicle injury rates despite large differences in motorization of countries. There was a meaningful community effect on motor vehicle injury rates. We found that community-level infrastructure risk factors for motor vehicle injuries differed for car occupants and for pedestrians, with road quality and alcohol use being the main factors associated with an injury for car occupants, while poor roadside infrastructure (streetlights, sidewalks) and alcohol use were the main risk factors for an injury as a pedestrian.

Active transport, such as walking and bicycling, are being promoted as leading to healthy lifestyle habits and reduced pollution. These require improved walkability for pedestrians, but also separation from motorized vehicles, which leads to recommending that low-and middle-income countries devote more funds for roadway quality and streetlight infrastructure. Policies to reduce motor vehicle injuries should be supported at the national level, but should be specific at the community level, since they must be focused on the specific local infrastructure. Countermeasures for reducing road transport injuries for pedestrians have different risk factors than for reducing injuries for car occupants.

PMID:41204631 | DOI:10.1080/17457300.2025.2578794

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Nov 7;104(45):e45597. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000045597.

ABSTRACT

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic extended beyond direct infection-associated complications to wide-reaching impacts on health system including workflow disruption, enhanced telehealth utilization, labor force changes, and access to procedures. Whilst it is clear that COVID-19 can affect histopathological findings on kidney biopsy, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 kidney disease research remains unclear. This study reviewed kidney biopsy research activity (i.e., patient consent and bio-sample collection), kidney biopsy practice and histopathological findings over the COVID-19 pandemic in an Australian metropolitan health service network of 4 hospitals between 2018 and 2023. All kidney biopsies performed at the Metro North Kidney Health Service between 2018 and 2023 were divided into pre-pandemic (2018-2019), pandemic (2020-2021) and post-pandemic (2022-2023) eras. Demographic data, consent rates, bio-sample collection rates, and procedural complications were retrospectively compared between the 3 eras. Two hundred twenty-nine kidney biopsies were performed in 2018 to 2019, 223 in 2020 to2021 and 213 in 2022 to 2023. Participant consent for research reduced from 70% to 63% between pre-pandemic to pandemic eras but quickly recovered in the post-pandemic era (68%). Bio-sample collection decreased (pre-pandemic: 50%, pandemic: 47%, post-pandemic: 38%) and did not recover in the post-pandemic era indicating the long tail effect on research activities. Although there were changes in service provision (e.g., delay in elective procedures, lockdowns), these measures were not associated with changes in biopsy number, setting, and department over the course of the pandemic. Kidney disease biomarker research activities decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic as demonstrated by reductions in biomarker study consent and sample collection. Strategies to maintain non-pandemic research need to be built into pandemic preparedness plans to preserve the momentum of discoveries which improve clinical outcomes for non-pandemic diseases; discoveries which may well end up being repurposed for pandemic-related conditions (e.g., remdesivir from Ebola research).

PMID:41204614 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000045597