Tag: pubmed

Nurs Crit Care. 2025 Mar;30(2):e13278. doi: 10.1111/nicc.13278.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early mobilization is one proposed strategy for reducing complications and optimizing patient outcomes. Nurses play an essential role in patient monitoring and co-ordination.

AIMS: To assess the effects of a nurse-involved early mobilization programme on muscle strength and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and identify the components of an early mobilization programme.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL databases were searched. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of adult ICU patients undergoing early mobilization. The studies were appraised using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, and a meta-analysis was performed using Rstudio 2023.06.2.

RESULTS: Nine studies were selected from 943 studies. Four studies involved only ICU nurses, while five involved multidisciplinary teams. Concerns about bias were raised in four RCTs, and two non-randomized studies had moderate bias risk. Interventions involved progressive exercise steps, but none detailed the specific role of nurses. Early mobilization significantly decreased ICU length of stay (95% CI: -3.22, -0.11; p = .04), although it did not improve muscle strength (95% CI: -0.86, 0.99; p = .80).

CONCLUSIONS: Nurse-involved early mobilization was associated with a reduction in ICU stay, although it did not impact muscle strength. The nurses’ roles were not specifically defined.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: An analysis of relevant tasks is necessary to clarify the role of nurses in early mobilization and to provide optimal care. Including these roles is crucial in the development of standardized early mobilization.

PMID:39989266 | DOI:10.1111/nicc.13278

Med Decis Making. 2025 Feb 24:272989X251319794. doi: 10.1177/0272989X251319794. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aimed to illustrate that health economists should consider individual heterogeneity when solving the problem of finding the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity that maximizes the average health utility of a target population in a screening program.

METHODS: A theoretical framework compares the solution under standard economics of diagnoses to the optimal combination under an endogenous uptake analysis, where screening participation is given by heterogenous health preferences. An applied example used calibrated parameters with real data from the bowel cancer screening program in the United Kingdom. Scenario analyses show how the results would change with parameter values, if disease risk and health utilities were not independent and if screening uptake were not completely determined by health preferences.

RESULTS: A general theoretical result states that the endogenous uptake analysis leads to a weakly higher true- and false-positive rate than would be optimal under the standard approach. In the same way, the endogenous solution would lead to a lower uptake rate. The base-case scenario of the applied example illustrates that a screening program using the endogenous solution would generate 21.1% more quality-adjusted life-years than when using the standard solution. The scenario analyses show when the endogenous analysis is most valued and that the general result applies for a wide range of situations when theoretical assumptions are relaxed.

LIMITATIONS: The results obtained are valid under the assumptions made. Analysts should evaluate if those could hold in the applied screening context.

CONCLUSIONS: Individual heterogeneity and uptake decisions are relevant factors to consider in the problem of finding an optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for a screening test.

HIGHLIGHTS: The value of screening programs can be higher if heterogeneity of preferences in the target population is considered.The optimal operation of a screening test depends on health utilities of the target population and on the heterogeneity of these health utilities.Under heterogeneity of health utilities, the optimal operation of a screening test does not maximize screening uptake.A general theoretical result states that the endogenous uptake analysis leads to a weakly higher true- and false-positive rate than would be optimal under a standard approach; this is true for a wide range of situations.

PMID:39989263 | DOI:10.1177/0272989X251319794

Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2025 Jan-Dec;24:15330338251323314. doi: 10.1177/15330338251323314.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Exosomes play significant roles in transferring cargo materials like proteins, RNAs (including miRNAs), and DNA. However, the role of serum exosome shuttled RNAs and miRNAs in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains unclear. This study assessed the diagnostic and prognostic significance of exosomal miR-17, miR-20a, and TGFBR2 in HNC patients. Methods: Exosomes were isolated, from 400 confirmed HNC patients and 400 healthy controls, and characterized by NTA, TEM, Immunolabelling, and ELISA. Quantitative PCR was used to check the expressions of exosomal molecules. Oxidative stress was also measured through ELISA in cancer patients and healthy controls. Results: Data analysis revealed significant dysregulation in the expressional levels of miR-17 (p < .0001), miR-20a (p = .0003), and TGFBR2 (p = .0005), which were found associated with aggressiveness and poor survival of HNC patients. Spearman correlation revealed a positive statistically significant association between miR-20a versus miR-17 (r = 0.534; p < .01), while a negative correlation was found between TGFBR2 versus miR-17 (r = -0.240; p = .015). Significantly decreased levels of peroxidase (POD) (p < .0001) and an increased level of 8-Oxoguanine (p < .0001) were observed. Conclusion: The results showed that these exosomal miRNAs and target gene may serve as potential and noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic markers for head and neck cancer patients.

PMID:39989256 | DOI:10.1177/15330338251323314

Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2025 Feb 24:15347346251321524. doi: 10.1177/15347346251321524. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have shown metabolites may have potential effects on Charcot foot. However, the Mendelian randomization method has not yet explored the relationship between metabolites and Charcot foot.

METHODS: We selected genetic variants from the publicly available Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary database to represent 1400 metabolites described in recent research. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out to examine the relationships between these metabolites and Charcot foot. Significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data associated with exposure were screened out through association analysis. Valid instrumental variables (IVs) were then selected, excluding SNPs with F-statistic values below 10. The MR analyses primarily employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR), constrained maximum likelihood(cML), contamination mixture(Conmix), robust adjusted profile score(RAPS), and debiased inverse-variance weighted(deIVW) method were used to enhance the results. Colocalization analysis was performed to identify shared causal genetic variants associated with the resulting phenotypes. Sensitivity analyses, including assessments of Cochrane’s Q test, egger intercept, and MR PRESSO test were conducted to confirm the robustness of the results.

RESULTS: After preliminary MR exploration, the IVW results exhibited positive causal relationships between hexadecenedioate (C16:1-DC) levels (OR = 0.698, 95%CI: 0.586 to 0.831, P_FDR = 0.040), octadecadienedioate (C18:2-DC) levels (OR = 0.665, 95%CI: 0.552 to 0.800, P_FDR = 0.021), octadecanedioylcarnitine (C18-DC) levels (OR = 0.676, 95%CI: 0.553 to 0.827, P_FDR = 0.067) and Charcot foot. Colocalization analysis indicated that the above three metabolites share a common causal variant at the same genomic location with Charcot foot. Sixty-four metabolites with suggestive causal relationships with Charcot foot were also identified, among which 25 kinds of metabolites were positively correlated with Charcot foot, and 33 metabolites were negatively associated with Charcot foot. The BWMR, cML, Conmix, RAPS, and deIVW results supported our preliminary MR results. In several results, sensitivity analyses showed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, while the causal relationships obtained through FDR correction did not show any significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. No reverse causal association was detected.

CONCLUSION: We detected protective and risk metabolites in Charcot foot. Controlling metabolites may decrease Charcot foot risk and serve as a novel therapeutic biomarker for the therapy.

PMID:39989250 | DOI:10.1177/15347346251321524

Am J Mens Health. 2025 Jan-Feb;19(1):15579883251318214. doi: 10.1177/15579883251318214.

ABSTRACT

Studies indicate that mental health literacy (MHL) is low among college students. Previous studies report that male college students score lower on MHL than female college students. MHL is connected to mental health help-seeking behavior. Black male college students are shown to be at higher risk for mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, yet are less likely to seek help for these problems compared with other racial groups. Challenges with mental health can lead to significant negative consequences, such as poor academic performance, social isolation, and even suicide attempts. Stigma has been identified as an important factor that can influence the help-seeking behavior of male college students. Previous research has indicated that Black male college students in predominantly White institutions (PWIs) often struggle with seeking mental health compared with those in Historically Black Universities and Colleges (HBCUs). The purpose of the descriptive cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationships among MHL, stigma, and help-seeking behavior among Black males at HBCUs. The results indicate that having better mental health knowledge is linked to seeking help more often, stressing the need to enhance mental health understanding for better support-seeking. Seeking help was positively associated with reduced stigma. The implications for practitioners, policymakers, and administrators were explored, emphasizing the need for targeted, culturally sensitive interventions for young Black men in higher education. This study underscores the importance of addressing their specific challenges to enhance mental health and academic outcomes.

PMID:39989245 | DOI:10.1177/15579883251318214

Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Feb;21(2):e70002. doi: 10.1002/alz.70002.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Whether prescription opioid exposure, duration, and dose are associated with cognitive function remains inconclusive.

METHODS: A longitudinal cohort among 3097 older adults with chronic pain and without dementia was conducted using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to Medicare data from 2006 to 2020. Prescription opioid exposure, cumulative use for ≥ 90 days, and high-dose use (≥ 90 morphine milligram equivalents [MME] daily) were assessed biennially. Memory score and dementia probability were derived from HRS cognitive measures and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.

RESULTS: Adjusted memory decline and dementia probability were not statistically different between patients with (vs. without) opioid exposure and between patients with cumulative use for ≥ 90 days (vs. < 90 days) but were higher between participants with high-dose opioid use (vs. low-dose) at the end of the follow-up.

DISCUSSION: Prescription opioid exposure and duration were not associated, but high-dose opioid use was associated with greater memory decline and dementia probability.

HIGHLIGHTS: Opioid use versus no use was not related to memory decline and dementia probability. Long-term opioid use was not related to memory decline and dementia probability. High-dose opioid use was related to greater memory decline and dementia probability.

PMID:39989238 | DOI:10.1002/alz.70002

Ecology. 2025 Feb;106(2):e70046. doi: 10.1002/ecy.70046.

ABSTRACT

Spatial capture-recapture models (SCRs) provide an integrative statistical tool for analyzing animal movement and population patterns. Although incorporating home range formation with a theoretical basis of animal movement into SCRs can improve the prediction of animal space use in a heterogeneous landscape, this approach is challenging owing to the sparseness of recapture events. In this study, we developed an advection-diffusion capture-recapture model (ADCR), which is an extension of SCRs incorporating home range formation with advection-diffusion formalism, providing a new framework to estimate population density and landscape permeability. we tested the unbiasedness of the estimator using simulated capture-recapture data generated by a step selection function. We also compared the accuracy of population density estimates and home range shapes with those from SCR incorporating the least-cost path and basic SCR. In addition, ADCR was applied to a real dataset of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan to demonstrate the capacity of the ADCR to detect geographical barriers that constrain animal movements. Population density and permeability of ADCR were substantially unbiased for simulated datasets. ADCR could detect environmental signals on connectivity more sensitively and could estimate population density, home range shapes, and size variations better than the existing models. For the application to the bear dataset, ADCR could detect the effect of water bodies as a barrier to movement, which is consistent with previous studies, whereas estimates by SCR with the least-cost path were difficult to interpret. ADCR provides unique opportunities to elucidate both individual- and population-level ecological processes from capture-recapture data. By offering a formal link with step selection functions to estimate animal movement, it is suitable for simultaneously modeling capture-recapture data and animal movement data. This study provides a basis for studies of the interplay between animal movement processes and population patterns.

PMID:39989236 | DOI:10.1002/ecy.70046

Protein Sci. 2025 Mar;34(3):e70055. doi: 10.1002/pro.70055.

ABSTRACT

Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) can be an effective high-throughput screening assay in drug discovery for detecting protein-compound interactions that stabilize or destabilize macromolecules. Due to the magnitude and quality of the data produced by this biophysical assay, analyzing and prioritizing compounds from large-scale DSF data sets has proven challenging to the research community. Here, we present ShiftScan-a powerful, stand-alone tool designed for the rapid analysis of DSF data and compound prioritization based on thermal transition patterns. ShiftScan accurately and quickly predicts melting temperatures (Tm values) from both canonical and non-canonical transition patterns, efficiently filtering out spurious data to minimize false positives. We report on the use of this tool for data analysis of screens involving both pure compound and natural product fraction libraries and provide the software to the screening community to aid in the discovery of molecularly-targeted compounds. Instructions for installation and usage of ShiftScan can be found at our GitHub repository: https://github.com/samche42/ShiftScan.

PMID:39989223 | DOI:10.1002/pro.70055

Cereb Cortex. 2025 Feb 5;35(2):bhaf025. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf025.

ABSTRACT

In the constantly changing environment that characterizes our daily lives, the ability to predict and adapt to new circumstances is crucial. This study examines the influence of sequence and knowledge adaptiveness on predictive coding in skill learning and rewiring. Participants were exposed to two different visuomotor sequences with overlapping probabilities. By applying temporal decomposition and multivariate pattern analysis, we dissected the neural underpinnings across different levels of signal coding. The study provides neurophysiological evidence for the influence of knowledge adaptiveness on shaping predictive coding, revealing that these are intricately linked and predominantly manifest at the abstract and motor coding levels. These findings challenge the traditional view of a competitive relationship between learning context and knowledge, suggesting instead a hierarchical integration where their properties are processed simultaneously. This integration facilitates the adaptive reuse of existing knowledge in the face of new learning. By shedding light on the mechanisms of predictive coding in visuomotor sequences, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how the brain navigates and adapts to environmental changes, offering insights into the foundational processes that underlie learning and adaptation in dynamic contexts.

PMID:39989199 | DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhaf025

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Feb 22;17(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01637-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetes prevalence in China is significant, with a large proportion in the prediabetes stage. Dyslipidemia is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, and the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) shows potential in diabetes risk assessment, but its role in prediabetes progression is understudied.

METHODS: A longitudinal study from 2011 to 2015 using CHARLS data was conducted. After exclusions, 1408 participants were included. NHHR was calculated from serum TC and HDL – C levels. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined based on standard criteria. Covariates and mediators were assessed, and statistical analyses included logistic regression and mediation analysis, and mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the involvement of BMI in the association between NHHR and the risk of prediabetes progression.

RESULTS: Among the 1423 people in the cohort analysis, 339 (23.8%) were diagnosed with prediabetes progression. The median NHHR was significantly larger in the progression group (136.99 vs. 124.95, p < 0.05). In the fully adjusted model, NHHR one-unitincrease led to a 10% higher risk. Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations in most subgroups. BMI mediated 33.8% of the NHHR – prediabetes progression association.

CONCLUSION: NHHR is correlated with the risk of prediabetes progressing to diabetes, and BMI may mediate this association. NHHR monitoring could help assess the risk of progression in prediabetes participants.

PMID:39987453 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01637-4