Tag: pubmed

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Feb 7;44(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00749-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health Workers Safety (HWS) is a global health priority and essential at all times, in stable situations, in emergencies, in disease epidemics or pandemics. This study aimed to assess HWS during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in east Azerbaijan province, Iran. HWS was assessed based on 22 indicators suggested by WHO EMRO. We selected 15 PHC facilities and six wards from two hospitals randomly. Data collected (qualitative and quantitative) using national digital health records, staff records, and indicator-specific tools. In addition to measuring the indicator’s value, the indicators’ feasibility was also assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS-16 were used for data analysis.

RESULTS: Totally, 325 Health Workers (HWs) (218 from PHC facilities and 107 from hospitals) participated in the study. Most of the participants in PHC facilities and hospitals were Community Health Workers (CHWs) (Moragheb Salamat) (45.4%) and nurses (37.38%), respectively. Most of HWs had completed the full vaccination schedule for Hepatitis B and COVID-19. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) safety protocols were adhered by most of HWs within a healthcare facility. None of managers had attended nationally certified training for mental health support for health and care workers. Less than 20% of HWs participated in the work burnout prevention courses and most of HWs complained about work overload, or burnout. The job satisfaction level of hospital HWs (60.20%) was significantly higher than that of HWs from PHC facilities (57.18%) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Even though the mental health of HWs was not as expected, the indicators related to physical health and occupational health were at a suitable level. Also, there is not a system in PHC to audit the application of safety measures to mitigate the risk of contracting COVID-19. We recommend creating a specific system (precise and detailed) for HWs’ safety and applying safety measures in the PHC routine programs.

PMID:39920792 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00749-x

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Feb 7;17(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01612-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Research indicates that there may be an association between plasma lipidome levels and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients. However, the potential causality of this relationship is yet to be determined. To investigate this matter further, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to comprehensively assess the causality between lipidome levels and DR.

METHODS: Summary statistics for lipid levels and DR were obtained from the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Catalog database and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. We conducted a two-sample MR analysis, and statistical analysis were performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) with the addition of the MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), constrained maximum likelihood and model averaging (cML-MA) to test for causal associations between lipid levels and DR. Heterogeneity was checked using Cochran’s Q statistic. The MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test and the MR-Egger regression were used to detect horizontal pleiotropy. The robustness of our findings was assessed using leave-one-out and funnel plots. To further assess the reliability of the results, linkage disequilibrium score regressions, colocalization analysis and reverse MR analysis were also performed.

RESULTS: Analysis of the pooled MR results and after correction for the false discovery rate (FDR) revealed that five lipid levels were associated with DR risk. Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_16:0) levels [OR = 0.869 (0.810 to 0.933), P_fdr = 0.006], phosphatidylcholine (16:0_20:2) levels [OR = 0.893 (0.834 to 0.956), P_fdr = 0.043] and phosphatidylethanolamine (18:0_20:4) levels [OR = 0.906 (0.863 to 0.951), P_fdr = 0.006] were protective against DR, whereas sphingomyelin (d36:1) levels [OR = 1.120 (1.061 to 1.183), P_fdr = 0.006], and sphingomyelin (d40:1) levels [OR = 1.081 (1.031 to 1.134), P_fdr = 0.043] were associated with a greater risk of DR. Further sensitivity analysis did not reveal heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

CONCLUSION: In summary, genetic evidence suggests a causal relationship between the levels of specific lipid levels and DR. These findings may provide valuable insights into the causal relationships between lipid levels and DR, potentially informing future prevention and treatment strategies.

PMID:39920782 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01612-z

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Feb 7;44(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00712-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus, an endocrine system disease, is a common disease involving many patients worldwide. Many studies are performed to evaluate the correlation between micronutrients/macronutrients on diabetes but few of them have a high statistical population and a long follow-up period. We aimed to investigate the relationship between intake of macro/micronutrients and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using logistic regression (LR) and a decision tree (DT) algorithm for machine learning.

METHOD: Our research explores supervised machine learning models to identify T2D patients using the Mashhad Cohort Study dataset. The study population comprised 9704 individuals aged 35-65 years were enrolled regarding their T2D status, and those with T2D history. 15% of individuals are diabetic and 85% of them are non-diabetic. For ten years (until 2020), the participants in the study were monitored to determine the incidence of T2D. LR is a statistical model applied in dichotomous response variable modeling. All data were analyzed by SPSS (Version 22) and SAS JMP software.

RESULT: Nutritional intake in the T2D group showed that potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine, carotene, vitamin D, tryptophan, and vitamin B12 had an inverse correlation with the incidence of diabetes (p < 0.05). While phosphate, iron, and chloride had a positive relationship with the risk of T2D (p < 0.05). Also, the T2D group significantly had higher carbohydrate and protein intake (p-value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Machine learning models can identify T2D risk using questionnaires and blood samples. These have implications for electronic health records that can be explored further.

PMID:39920736 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-024-00712-2

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Feb 7;26(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08384-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether resistance exercise training (RET) can attenuate the loss of muscle volume and function in anti-gravitational muscles, especially quadriceps and calf muscles, during immobilization/disuse conditions.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing RET vs. no exercise during immobilization/disuse. Searches were conducted in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, EBOSCO, and Cochrane Library, without imposing a time limit until 20 March, 2023. Studies reporting outcomes related to muscle volume, MVC, peak power, concentric peak force, eccentric peak force, isometric MVC torque of knee extension, isometric MVC torque of knee flexion were included. Data were pooled using random-effects models.

RESULTS: Eleven randomized controlled trials were finally included. RET elicited substantial benefits for preserving quadriceps muscle volume (n = 5, MD = 252.56, 95% CI = 151.92, 353.21, p < 0.001). RET demonstrated a statistically significant preventive effect on the reduction of MVC in both quadriceps (n = 4, MD = 338.59, 95% CI = 247.49, 429.69, p < 0.001) and calf muscles (n = 3, MD = 478.59, 95% CI = 160.42, 796.77, p < 0.01). Peak power of quadriceps muscles (n = 4, MD = 166.08, 95% CI = 28.44, 303.73, p < 0.05) and calf muscles (n = 2, MD = 176.58, 95% CI = 102.36, 250.79, p < 0.001) were elevated after RET intervention. RET significantly ameliorated the weakening of both concentric and eccentric peak force in quadriceps (concentric: n = 2, MD = 470.95, 95% CI = 355.45, 586.44, p < 0.001; eccentric: n = 1, MD = 351.51, 95% CI = 254.43, 448.58, p < 0.001) and calf muscles (concentric: n = 2, MD = 867.52, 95% CI = 548.18, 1186.86, p < 0.001; eccentric: n = 1, MD = 899.86, 95% CI = 558.17, 1241.55, p < 0.001). Additionally, the diminishing of isometric MVC torques of knee extension (n = 6, MD = 41.85, 95% CI = 20.93, 62.77, p < 0.001) and knee flexion (n = 4, MD = 13.20, 95% CI = 8.12, 18.77, p < 0.001) were enhanced significantly after RET intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: RET effectively minimized deterioration of muscle volume and muscle function during immobilization/disuse, particularly in anti-gravitational muscles. RET should be recommended to maintain muscle and neuromuscular health for spaceflight, bed rest, immobilization/disuse conditions. Further research is needed to explore the effects of RET in more diverse populations and under various disuse conditions. More high-quality research will be required to demonstrate the aforementioned benefits conclusively.

PMID:39920735 | DOI:10.1186/s12891-025-08384-7

BMC Nurs. 2025 Feb 7;24(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-02793-8.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study carried out to examine the effects of nursing care given to coronary intensive care patients according to their circadian rhythms on sleep quality, pain, anxiety, and delirium.

STUDY DESIGN: This study was designed as a randomised controlled, clinical investigation. The study population consisted of patients treated in the coronary care unit of a training and research hospital between September 2022 and February 2023. Total of 44 participants were included. The included participants were followed up for 3 days in the coronary intensive care unit. Data were collected using “Patient Information Form, Sleep Quality Scale in Coronary Intensive Care Patients (SQ-CC), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC).” In addition, melatonin and cortisol measurements were made, and sleep data were taken with a smartwatch. Patients with intermediate chronotype, delirium, on ventilator support, or using sedative drugs were excluded. The chronotypes of the participants were determined, and the patients in the intervention group were given nursing care by their circadian rhythms. No intervention was made to the control group, and their routine care was continued in accordance with intensive care unit functioning. Frequency distribution, dependent and independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon test, repeated measures analysis of variance, Mann Whitney U, and chi-square analysis were used to evaluate the data. The study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifiers: NCT04934436). During statistical analysis, the groups were coded as Group A and Group B, ensuring blinding for the statistician.

RESULTS: The intervention group’s sleep quality increased compared to the control group (post-test SQ-CC total scores: intervention group 22.41 ± 6.67 vs. control group 50.45 ± 10.63, p < 0.001). Although no significant difference was found between the groups as a result of the study, there was a significant decrease in the pain score in the intervention group (VAS pre-test: 1.55 ± 2.15, post-test: 0.68 ± 2.21, p = 0.036). The anxiety of the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group (post-test HADS-Anxiety scores: intervention group 3.18 ± 3.29 vs. control group 8.50 ± 5.66, p = 0.001). The post-test delirium score was higher in the control group compared to the intervention group (post-test ICDSC scores: intervention group 0.32 ± 0.48 vs. control group 1.18 ± 0.50, p < 0.001). Melatonin increased and cortisol decreased in both groups without statistically significant differences between them (melatonin and cortisol levels: p > 0.05). Considering the sound levels in the environment, the first-night decibel mean was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (first-night decibel mean: intervention group 56.58 ± 2.43 dB vs. control group 54.51 ± 2.41 dB, p < 0.05). Finally, the smartwatch data show no significant difference in sleep times between groups (p < 0.05), but the intervention group had more deep and total sleep, while the control group had less deep sleep.

CONCLUSIONS: Nursing care given in accordance with the circadian rhythm increases sleep quality and reduces the risk of delirium and anxiety in patients followed up with acute coronary syndrome in the coronary intensive care unit.

PMID:39920733 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-02793-8

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Feb 7;20(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05545-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Through this study we aimed to present the latest and most comprehensive pooled analysis, providing an updated evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sequential therapy for primary osteoporosis, using bone formation promoters followed by bone resorption inhibitors.

METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were retrieved to identify pertinent studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the sequential therapy of primary osteoporosis with bone formation promoters followed by bone resorption inhibitors were included. Data from clinical studies that met the eligibility criteria were extracted, and quality assessment and meta-analysis were performed using RevMan v5.4 and Stata v15.0. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to find the source of heterogeneity and discover more findings.

RESULTS: A total of 10 eligible articles involving 14,510 patients (7171 in the intervention group versus 7339 in the comparator group) were included for the evidence synthesis. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. Pooled analysis showed that the intervention group (bone formation promoters followed by bone resorption inhibitors) increased BMD at the spine (SMD:1.64; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.31; P < 0.00001; I² = 99%), femoral neck (SMD: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.99; P = 0.007; I² = 96%), and total hip (SMD: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.48; P = 0.02; I² = 97%) compared with the comparator group (monotherapy or combination therapy using two drugs)for postmenopausal osteoporosis patient; however, there was no statistically significant difference observed in the increase of BMD at the 1/3 distal radius comparing the intervention group and comparator group (SMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -1.49, 0.99; P = 0.069; I² = 92%). The incidence of new fractures was reduced in the intervention group relative to the comparator group (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.82; P = 0.001; I² = 75%). The incidence of adverse events differed statistically between the two groups (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95; P = 0.004; I² = 97%), but the difference in adverse event incidence was not statistically significant among subgroups within the intervention and comparator groups. The intervention group had a superiority of Clinical efficacy.

CONCLUSION: Among patients with primary osteoporosis, sequential therapy with bone formation promoters followed by bone resorption inhibitors substantially increased BMD at sites such as the spine, femoral neck, and total hip while concurrently mitigating fracture risks. However, benefits regarding BMD at the 1/3 distal radius and the incidence of adverse events have not yet been established.

STUDY REGISTRATION: Registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023437188).

PMID:39920732 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-05545-1

BMC Surg. 2025 Feb 7;25(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12893-024-02752-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early efficacy of an artificial intelligence preoperative planning system (AIHIP system) for assisting in hip revision surgery.

METHODS: The clinical data of 25 patients (26 hips) who underwent hip revision between June 2019 and December 2023 and who met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 12 females; the ages ranged from 44 to 90 years, with a mean of 69.1 years. The patients’ replacement of prosthesis model, operation time, hospitalization time, postoperative time out of bed, etc., as well as the occurrence of adverse events such as postoperative infection, fracture, and loosening of the prosthesis were recorded. The Harris Hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the function of the affected limbs preoperatively, and 1 week and 6 months postoperatively, and hip mobility was compared preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: All 25 patients were followed up for 6 to 59 months, with an average of 25.3 months. Except for one patient who developed a thigh hematoma (treated with incision and drainage and decompression) and hip dislocation in one hip (repaired), the remaining patients experienced no adverse events such as loosening of the prosthesis or infection. The postoperative acetabular cup type matching degree completely matched 25 hips, not matching 1 hip (+ 2 number), for a matching rate of 96.15%; the femoral stem type matching degree completely matched 25 hips, generally matching 1 hip (-1 number), for a matching rate of 100%. The Harris scores were 54.7 ± 9.6 and 89.6 ± 7.0 at 1 week and 6 months after surgery, respectively, which were significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared with the preoperative scores of 33.5 ± 8.3, and further improved at 6 months after surgery compared with the 1-week period (P < 0.05). The patients’ hip function was evaluated according to the Harris score at 6 months after surgery, and they were assigned to 23 good hips and 3 medium hips, which could satisfy daily life needs. Hip mobility at 6 months after surgery was 111.15 ± 9.72°, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the preoperative value of 79.42 ± 17.51° (t = -8.077, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: AIHIP system-assisted treatment of THA postoperative revision patients can improve the precision of revision surgery, and reduce the difficulty of surgery, in patients with good postoperative recovery and satisfactory early outcomes.

PMID:39920717 | DOI:10.1186/s12893-024-02752-1

Eye Contact Lens. 2025 Feb 6. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000001173. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the safety of rigid corneal lenses in children with unilateral aphakia after cataract surgery and observed the visual rehabilitation longitudinally.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study performed a 3-year follow-up of 21 infants (age 5.9±3.3 months) with unilateral congenital cataracts who started wearing rigid corneal contact lenses after cataract surgery. The basic presurgical patient information included chief complaint, intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length, corneal width, anterior segment, and fundus examination. The postsurgical visual acuity, IOP, and anterior segment were examined during regular postoperative follow-up visits. Keratometry was performed when contact lenses had to be changed.

RESULTS: Of the 21 patients, 15 were male and 6 were female. Before surgery, the affected and nonaffected eyes had similar IOP (9.5±3.5 vs. 9.2±2.8 mm Hg; P=0.502) and axial length (19.2±1.5 vs. 19.4±0.96; P=0.333). The corneal diameter in the affected eyes was smaller than in the nonaffected eyes (10.2±0.7 vs. 10.6±0.6 mm; P=0.002). After surgery, the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution vision of the affected eyes improved gradually, showing values of 1.12±0.28, 0.78±0.37, and 0.62±0.38 at 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery, respectively. The respective values in the unaffected eyes were 0.58±0.14, 0.40±0.13, and 0.33±0.16. The mean keratometric astigmatism and keratometry 1 and 3 years after surgery were statistically similar (2.09±1.21 vs. 1.73±1.16 D, P=0.272; 44.82±3.15 vs. 44.39±2.75 D, P=0.324, respectively). No serious complications occurred during the follow-up.

CONCLUSION: The rigid corneal lens is well tolerated and safe in aphakic eyes and can effectively improve children’s visual acuity after unilateral cataract surgery. For patients able to receive rigid corneal lenses, intraocular lens implantation can be delayed until after the age of three.

PMID:39919313 | DOI:10.1097/ICL.0000000000001173

Am J Sports Med. 2025 Feb 7:3635465241313386. doi: 10.1177/03635465241313386. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Favorable outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) are often gauged by successful return to play (RTP), a low incidence of subsequent ACL injury, and positive patient-reported outcomes. Level 1 sports place the highest demands on the knee by requiring frequent pivoting, changes in direction, and jumping.

PURPOSE: To analyze the outcomes of primary ACLR in level 1 athletes and identify pre- and intraoperative factors associated with RTP, ipsilateral ACL reinjury, contralateral ACL injury, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at 5 years postoperatively.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

METHODS: A consecutive cohort of 1432 patients who underwent primary ACLR by 2 orthopaedic surgeons were prospectively evaluated. The RTP rate, incidence of ipsilateral/contralateral ACL injury, and IKDC score were analyzed at 5 years. Comparative analysis of clinical variables was performed between those who achieved favorable outcomes and those who did not. Outcomes at 5 and 2 years were also compared.

RESULTS: The mean age was 24.3 ± 7.3 years (males: 75%, females: 25%). Gaelic football was the predominant sport (40%), followed by soccer (19%). The RTP rate was 87.4%, with 59.8% of athletes still playing at an equivalent or higher level at 5 years. The incidence of ipsilateral reinjury for athletes who resumed level 1 sport was 4.3% for bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts with screw fixation and 19.7% for hamstring tendon (HT) autografts with EndoButton and screw fixation. The incidence of contralateral ACL injury was 13.7%. The mean IKDC score at 5 years (86.6 ± 10.9) was comparable to that at 2 years (86.8 ± 10.1). Patients were more likely to RTP with each year of decreasing age (OR, 1.06; P < .001), with a higher preoperative Marx score (OR, 1.08; P < .001) or a higher 5-year IKDC score (OR, 1.06; P < .001). The risk of ipsilateral ACL reinjury increased each year of decreasing age (OR, 1.11; P < .001) or when an HT autograft was used (OR, 5.56; P < .001). Younger age was also associated with contralateral ACL injury (OR, 1.1; P < .001). Female sex, older age, concomitant meniscal/chondral injuries, and lower preoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury scores were associated with lower IKDC scores at 5 years.

CONCLUSION: Most patients could return to level 1 sports, although their performance level was impacted. Those who returned to sport maintained their performance level over the 5 years. The ipsilateral reinjury rate for BPTB autografts with screws was significantly lower than that for HT autografts with EndoButton and screw fixation. Most ACL reinjuries occurred between 2 and 5 years of follow-up. Younger patients had an increased risk of a subsequent ACL injury to either knee, regardless of graft type. IKDC scores were lower in female patients, older patients, and those with concomitant meniscal/cartilage injuries.

REGISTRATION: NCT02771548 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

PMID:39919304 | DOI:10.1177/03635465241313386

Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2025 Feb 7:1-9. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2025.2458245. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the genetic links between obesity, glycemic traits and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

METHODS: Summary-level statistics for obesity and glycemic traits were extracted from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European participants in the IEU Open GWAS database. Genetic associations with clinically diagnosed RVO were obtained from the FinnGenresearch project (372 cases and 182,573 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analysis were performed to determine the total effect and direct effect, respectively.

RESULTS: After adjustment for the false discovery rate (FDR), the primary inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) methods indicated that the odds ratios of RVO increased with per 1-standard deviation increased in body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.23-3.08,p-FDR = 0.025), waist circumference (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.36-4.24, p-FDR = 0.019), fasting glucose (OR = 5.01, 95% CI: 2-12.55, p-FDR = 0.0067) and two-hour glucose (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.63-6.18,p-FDR = 0.0067). Higher whole-body fat-free mass (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.8,p-FDR = 0.025) is a potential protective factor for RVO. In addition, the results of MVMR showed that BMI, whole-body fat-free mass, fasting glucose and two-hour glucose were independent factors that had a direct impact on the onset of RVO.

CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive MR analysis suggested significant genetic associations between BMI, whole-body fat-free mass, fasting glucose, two-hour glucose and RVO. This study highlighted the importance of weight, blood glucose management and physical activity for primary prevention and control of RVO.

PMID:39919303 | DOI:10.1080/09286586.2025.2458245