Tag: pubmed

Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2025 Feb 6;23(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12958-025-01354-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that due to the presence of endometrium progesterone resistance in patients with endometriosis, it is considered that higher levels of progesterone may be required to achieve live birth during programmed frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Currently, the optimal progesterone support in FET cycles remains a contentious issue, and it mainly focused on the general infertile population, without specific attention to infertile patients with endometriosis. This study aimed to compare the pregnancy outcomes between vaginal or intramuscular progesterone administration in patients with endometriosis, and to determine whether the stage of endometriosis moderates the differences.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients with endometriosis who underwent their first single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in a programmed cycle from January 2018 to April 2024 at a university-affiliated reproductive medical center. According to the routes of luteal support, patients were divided into vaginal progesterone and intramuscular progesterone groups. Analyses were conducted using multivariate regression models and subgroup analysis. Interaction tests were employed to determine whether the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (r-ASRM) stages of endometriosis moderated the differences between the routes of progesterone administration and pregnancy outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 825 programmed frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles were included in the analysis, with 362 cases using vaginal progesterone and 463 cases using intramuscular progesterone. In the overall cohort, clinical pregnancy rate of the vaginal progesterone group was 49.17%, comparable to 44.06% of the intramuscular progesterone group (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61-1.11). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in miscarriage rates between the two groups (16.85% versus 24.51%; aOR 1.57, 95% CI 0.90-2.75). In the subgroup analysis in patients classified as r-ASRM stages I-II, clinical pregnancy rate of vaginal progesterone group was significantly higher than that of intramuscular group (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.93, P = 0.011). Whereas, in patients with stages III-IV, no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were detected. Interaction tests between the routes of progesterone administration and r-ASRM stages were significant (P = 0.036).

CONCLUSIONS: In the first single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles for endometriosis patients with r-ASRM stages I-II, vaginal progesterone favours a higher clinical pregnancy rate compared to the intramuscular progesterone.

PMID:39915817 | DOI:10.1186/s12958-025-01354-7

BMC Pulm Med. 2025 Feb 6;25(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03509-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While clinical trials have demonstrated enduring responses to amivantamab among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients bearing EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, the associated toxicity profile in real-world scenarios remains elusive.

METHODS: This pharmacovigilance study analyzed data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to investigate adverse events associated with amivantamab over the period from September 2021 to December 2023. A comprehensive disproportionality analysis was performed, employing the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM), and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network to calculate information components (ICs), to identify statistically significant adverse events.

RESULTS: A significant proportion of adverse events (AEs) was attributable to injury, poisoning, and procedural complications, cutaneous disorders, respiratory ailments, infections, as well as vascular and lymphatic system disturbances. There were noteworthy incidences of AEs including infusion-related reactions, rash, dyspnea, pneumonitis, paronychia, pulmonary embolism, thrombocytopenia, nausea, acneiform dermatitis, deep vein thrombosis, febrile neutropenia, peripheral edema, hypokalemia, and neutropenia. Furthermore, the majority of AEs occurred within the first month following the initiation of amivantamab treatment, accounting for 51.74% of cases.

CONCLUSION: The reversibility of amivantamab-related toxicities suggests its promising utility in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations NSCLC.

PMID:39915804 | DOI:10.1186/s12890-025-03509-z

BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 6;25(1):497. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21734-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Muscle quality index (MQI), an emerging health index, is calculated by dividing handgrip strength by skeletal muscle mass. Current evidence on the correlation between MQI and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR) is limited. This work aims to study that correlation.

METHODS: This study involves a cross-sectional analysis on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period from 2011 to 2014. To explore the correlation between MQI, IR and T2DM, multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline regression were employed.

RESULTS: A total of 2816 American adults were enrolled in this study, among whom 1264 (44.9%) had IR, and 300 (10.7%) had T2DM. Logistic regression and RCS regression analyses showed a significant negative linearly correlation between MQI and the prevalence of IR (OR = 0.708, 95%=0.514, 0.976) and T2DM (OR = 0.676, 95%CI = 0.472, 0.969). Subgroup analysis further revealed a stronger correlation between MQI and IR among individuals with obesity. ROC analysis showed that compared with skeletal muscle and grip strength, MQI (AUC = 0.679 for IR and 0.688 for T2DM) can serve as a more reliable identification factor for IR and T2DM.

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that decreased levels of MQI are correlated with an increased risk of IR and T2DM, indicating the potential utility as a marker for identifying IR and T2DM.

PMID:39915803 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21734-3

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Feb 6;25(1):196. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-06765-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The number of deaths in the United States attributed to overdose was 70,237 in 2017 and 67,367 in 2018. Approximately 67.7% and 69.5%, respectively, of these deaths involved the use of opioids. Moreover, different specialties of physicians often have different experiences and encounters with people involved with opioids. To investigate medical students’ beliefs about the opioid crisis and their post-graduation plans from two medical schools in the United States.

METHODS: 312 students from one medical school with three campuses were surveyed on their experiences, beliefs, and the impacts that the opioid crisis has had on their lives and their medical training. T-tests compared the difference in confidence and expectations to treat people with opioid addiction. Qualitative data was also analyzed from participants’ comments pertaining to the opioid crisis. A proportion test was performed to compare the percentage of students pursuing primary care for those immediately impacted by opioids. P < 0.05 defined statistical significance for all statistical tests performed in this study.

RESULTS: Approximately 39.7% of medical students surveyed were planning to pursue primary care, and 60.3% were planning to pursue any of the other specialties. The two-sample proportion test did not show a statistically significant difference in the percentage of students pursuing primary care for those immediately impacted and those not (P = 0.9, α = 0.05). The t-test comparing the expectation to treat people with opioid addiction did not show a statistically significant difference between students (P = 0.9, α = 0.05). Students wanting to pursue specialties outside of primary care were significantly more confident in treating people with opioid addiction (P < 0.01, α = 0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study was conducted to identify the differences in perspective of medical students planning to pursue varying specialties. The findings of this study show a disparity in confidence levels for treating people with opioid use disorder between specialties. The knowledge gained in this study can help to inform medical school curriculum design to ensure that all students feel confident and prepared to treat those with opioid use disorder.

PMID:39915797 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-06765-z

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Feb 7;51(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01876-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The timely initiation of trophic feeding (TF) is crucial for premature newborns, but challenging due to immaturity, respiratory instability, abdominal distension, resource scarcity, and healthcare worker expertise. Moreover, there is a dearth of information on predictors of full trophic feeding time. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the time it takes and its predictors to initiate minimal enteral feeding in preterm neonates in Southern Oromia, Ethiopia.

METHOD: A facility-based retrospective follow up study was conducted among 434 randomly selected preterm neonates admitted to NICU of Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabello General Hospital from January 1, 2021 to December 30, 2022. Data were extracted by a pretested structured checklist, entered into Epidata 3.1 and then transferred to Stata version 17 for analysis. Kaplan Meier survival curve and log rank test were used to estimate survival time and a statistical comparison respectively. Bivariable and multivariable cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify predictors of time to initiate TF and their outputs are presented using Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).

RESULT: The overall incidence density of TF initiation was reported as 43.6 per 100 neonate-days. Moreover, the median (IQR) time to initiate TF was found to be 2 (1-4) days. Neonates delivered vaginally had a higher likelihood of early TF initiation (AHR: 1.64, CI: 1.26, 2.13), while those born between 32 and 34 weeks (AHR: 0.61, CI: 0.46, 0.81), VLBW neonates (AHR: 0.45, CI: 0.34, 0.60), neonates without KMC (AHR: 0.59, CI: 0.46, 0.79), and those in level II hospitals were less likely to start TF promptly (AHR: 0.78, CI: 0.62, 0.99). Furthermore, neonates with sepsis (AHR: 1.76, CI: 1.36, 2.28) and hypothermia (AHR: 1.51, CI: 1.19, 1.93) had delayed TF initiation.

CONCLUSION: We observed a significant low rate of early TF initiation and higher death rate of preterm newborn in our study as compared to the global. Preterm neonates with lower GA, no KMC, and a VLBW are more likely to have a delayed initiation. Our results highlight that staff training on identifying neonates suitable for TF, and ensuring adequate resources for KMC in all NICU levels should be considered.

PMID:39915788 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01876-1

BMC Med. 2025 Feb 6;23(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-03877-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Postpartum maternal depression and socioeconomic factors are established risk factors for the mental health of offspring. It has been consistently unclear as to whether female or male offspring are more vulnerable to the effects of postpartum maternal depression at different stages of the child’s life course. To determine whether the characteristics of postpartum maternal depression with a history of prenatal depression influence sex differences in offspring internalizing symptoms across childhood and adolescence, socioeconomic factors should be considered.

METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, and SinoMed databases from inception to November 28, 2023, and selected longitudinal cohort studies that quantified sex differences in internalizing symptoms of children and adolescents. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. ROBINS-E tool was used to rate the quality of evidence.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies were eligible between 1997 and 2023, including 24,022 mother-child dyads. Sex-difference trajectories of offspring internalizing symptoms were identified after exposure to postpartum maternal depression, ranging from a lack of significant sex differences in childhood to a higher prevalence observed among girls than boys in adolescence (SMD, 0.25, 95% CI, 0.13-0.38). Economic income and maternal education affected the associations between the magnitude and concurrent recurrence of postpartum depression and significant sex differences in adolescent internalizing symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, early nonconcurrent recurrence of postpartum depression was associated with greater odds of internalizing symptoms among adolescent girls than among boys (β = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01-0.06); however, there was no statistical significance after adjusting for prenatal depression.

CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic factors differentially impacted the association between postpartum maternal depression and significant sex differences in adolescent internalizing symptoms. Independent of socioeconomic factors and prenatal depression, postpartum maternal depression was not associated with significant sex differences in adolescent internalizing symptoms. Therefore, the significant sex effects of postpartum maternal depression are more likely due to complex interactions between maternal depression and the intrauterine and postpartum environments that shape offspring sex-difference trajectories, with consequences occurring for later internalizing symptoms in adolescence.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42022301445.

PMID:39915783 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-03877-7

Malar J. 2025 Feb 7;24(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05268-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With the recent approval of the malaria vaccine by the World Health Organization, it is expected that global acceptance and subsequent uptake of the intervention can help to reduce the burden of the disease in Africa. This study adopted a proactive approach in assessing parents’ acceptance of the malaria vaccine, alongside their willingness to pay for the novel public health intervention.

METHODS: A national cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Nigeria using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The study tool was administered to parents of child-bearing age. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.

RESULTS: A total of 1413 valid responses were received with male (49.5%) and female (50.5%) participants represented by similar proportions. Close to two-thirds (62.5%) of the participants were between the ages of 31 and 40 years, and 47.4% of the participants were educated up to national diploma level. More than two-thirds (69.6%) of the participants indicated that they were worried about side effects that may be associated with the malaria vaccine. A strong majority (90%) of the participants indicated that the vaccine should be administered at no cost to citizens, while 46.7% of the respondents were willing to pay for the malaria vaccination. Levels of education attained by the respondents influenced their willingness to pay for malaria vaccination. This variable also underpinned participants’ reasons for non-acceptance of the vaccine. Those who attained only primary and secondary levels of education were significantly more likely to reject the malaria vaccine because they were against vaccines in general (AOR = 6.63; 95% CI = 1.33 – 39.25; p = 0.021).

CONCLUSION: This study provides critical novel insights which could influence vaccination efforts aimed at reducing the burden of malaria in Nigeria, as well as similar settings.

PMID:39915774 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05268-y

J Med Internet Res. 2025 Feb 6;27:e66072. doi: 10.2196/66072.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mumps is a viral respiratory disease characterized by facial swelling and transmitted through respiratory secretions. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, mumps outbreaks have reemerged globally, including in China, where it remains a significant public health issue. In Yunnan province, China, the incidence of mumps has fluctuated markedly and is higher than that in mainland China, underscoring the need for improved outbreak prediction methods. Traditional surveillance methods, however, may not be sufficient for timely and accurate outbreak prediction.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to leverage the Baidu search index, representing search volumes from China’s most popular search engine, along with environmental data to develop a predictive model for mumps incidence in Yunnan province.

METHODS: We analyzed mumps incidence in Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2023, and used time series data, including mumps incidence, Baidu search index, and environmental factors, from 2016 to 2023, to develop predictive models based on long short-term memory networks. Feature selection was conducted using Pearson correlation analysis, and lag correlations were explored through a distributed nonlinear lag model (DNLM). We constructed four models with different combinations of predictors: (1) model BE, combining the Baidu index and environmental factors data; (2) model IB, combining mumps incidence and Baidu index data; (3) model IE, combining mumps incidence and environmental factors; and (4) model IBE, integrating all 3 data sources.

RESULTS: The incidence of mumps in Yunnan showed significant variability, peaking at 37.5 per 100,000 population in 2019. From 2014 to 2023, the proportion of female patients ranged from 41.3% in 2015 to 45.7% in 2020, consistently lower than that of male patients. After excluding variables with a Pearson correlation coefficient of <0.10 or P values of <.05, we included 3 Baidu index search term groups (disease name, symptoms, and treatment) and 6 environmental factors (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less, and particulate matter with a diameter of 10 µm or less) for model development. DNLM analysis revealed that the relative risks consistently increased with rising Baidu index values, while nonlinear associations between temperature and mumps incidence were observed. Among the 4 models, model IBE exhibited the best performance, achieving the coefficient of determination of 0.72, with mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root-mean-square error values of 0.33, 15.9%, and 0.43, respectively, in the test set.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study developed model IBE to predict the incidence of mumps in Yunnan province, offering a potential tool for early detection of mumps outbreaks. The performance of model IBE underscores the potential of integrating search engine data and environmental factors to enhance mumps incidence forecasting. This approach offers a promising tool for improving public health surveillance and enabling rapid responses to mumps outbreaks.

PMID:39913179 | DOI:10.2196/66072

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2025 Feb 6:0. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.1054. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To analyze causality between gut microbiota and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to investigate the mediating effect of metabolic pathways.

METHODS: We extracted genome-wide association study summary statistics for 211 microbiota taxa from the MiBioGen consortium (N=18 340), 205 microbiota metabolic pathways from the Dutch Microbiome Project (N=7738), and CSU from the FinnGen genomics initiative (N=450). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to detect genetic causality between gut microbiota, gut bacterial pathways, and CSU. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Mediation MR investigated mediators in the association between gut microbiota and CSU.

RESULTS: MR analysis suggested that the family Peptococcaceae and its child taxon, the genus Peptococcus, were risk factors for CSU. In addition, the genera Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Ruminococcaceae UCG004, and Sellimonas were also risk factors for CSU, whereas Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Methanobrevibacter had protective effects on CSU. As for metabolic pathways, NONMEVIPP-PWY, PWY-5022, and PWY-7221 were positively associated with CSU, although others, such as KDO-NAGLIPASYN-PWY, PWY- 6353, and PWY-7400 presented a suggestive association with CSU. Moreover, PWY-7400 was a mediator in causality between the family Peptococcaceae and CSU. These results were based on nominal significance (P<.05). None of the Bonferroni corrected P values were <.05.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed a causal association between gut microbiota and CSU, with the metabolic pathway being a potential mediator. Our findings provide new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies in CSU.

PMID:39913178 | DOI:10.18176/jiaci.1054

J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2025 Feb 6. doi: 10.1089/jayao.2024.0102. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Cancer organizations recommend cost-of-care (CoC) information be provided to patients with cancer by their care teams. Little is known about the CoC conversation experiences and preferences of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. Methods: Eligible participants were 18-39 years old, diagnosed with cancer, and insured. Recruitment occurred at two cancer centers in Utah from October 2019 to March 2020. Data were collected via survey and semistructured telephone interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Interview questions pertained to willingness, perceived usefulness, and past experiences with CoC conversations with their cancer care team. Interviews were analyzed by applying two rounds of thematic content analysis. Summary statistics were calculated for demographics, health insurance literacy, and financial toxicity. Results: Among 24 participants, half were aged 18-25 and half were aged 26-39 at interview and survey, with many currently receiving treatment (62.5%). Four qualitative themes emerged concerning CoC conversations (1) past experiences, (2) willingness, (3) usefulness, and (4) preferred provider. In interviews, most AYAs shared interest in discussing CoC, but previous CoC conversations were infrequent. Most AYAs who had previous CoC conversation experiences brought up the topic themselves. Interview data revealed that preferred individuals to lead CoC conversations were often social workers (25.0%), nurses (20.8%), or oncologists (20.8%), while others wanted any provider knowledgeable in financial matters (20.8%). Conclusions: AYA patients are willing to have CoC conversations; however, they infrequently occur. Future work may include interventions that guide clinicians in initiating in-depth CoC discussions with AYAs.

PMID:39913169 | DOI:10.1089/jayao.2024.0102