Tag: pubmed

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):258-266. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02243-z. Epub 2024 Jun 17.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess, compare and evaluate the better effectiveness of metronidazole compared to conventional therapy for dry socket through a meta-analysis.

METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used and registered in PROSPERO-CRD42023440597. Electronic databases were searched until April 2023 for studies evaluating the effectiveness of metronidazole compared to placebo and other conventional therapy and evaluating outcome in terms of reduction of incidence of dry socket, swelling and impact on healing. Quality assessment was evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias (ROB)-2 tool for randomized controlled trials (RCT) through its domains using RevMan software version 5.3. The risk ratio (RR) was used as summary statistic measure with random effect model (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in review and eleven studies for meta-analysis. Quality assessment revealed a moderate to low ROB. It was observed that pooled estimate favoured metronidazole in reducing dry socket incidence-RR – 0.57 (95% CI – 0.24-1.33), reduction in swelling with RR – 0.62 (95% CI 0.12-3.25) and a greater impact on healing with RR – 0.25 (95% CI 0.12-0.52) were seen. Metronidazole was found to be superior compared to the placebo or conventional therapy. Funnel plot did reveal the presence of heterogeneity indicating the presence of publication bias.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Since, dry socket is the most common complication following third molar surgery, it is important for a clinician to take adequate precautions and consider regimes that can aid in reducing this incidence.

PMID:39902439 | PMC:PMC11787120 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02243-z

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):286-292. doi: 10.1007/s12663-023-02107-y. Epub 2024 Jan 31.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The present study compared the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and local infiltration with 4% articaine combined with IANB using 2% lignocaine in mandibular third molar surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in-vivo study analysed 90 patients undergoing third molar surgery, divided into three groups. The appropriate groups received 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Various parameters, including anaesthesia duration, onset, surgery duration, postoperative analgesia duration, and intra-operative pain, were assessed using the Heft-Parker VAS. The collected data was evaluated for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: In this study, articaine demonstrated a shorter onset of action and longer analgesia duration when compared to lidocaine. Articaine infiltration provided an average analgesia duration of 32.37 + 8.9 min during surgery, surpassing articaine IANB and lignocaine IANB. Although the duration of anaesthesia and postoperative anaesthesia showed no significant differences, articaine infiltration had a slightly longer duration of action. Intra-operative pain assessment revealed that 50% of individuals in the articaine IANB group reported no pain.

CONCLUSION: Articaine infiltrations are highly effective for anaesthesia in mandibular third molar extraction, surpassing other local anaesthetics. It is a superior alternative to regional nerve blocks in minor oral surgeries.

PMID:39902435 | PMC:PMC11787055 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-023-02107-y

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2025 Feb 3:e31579. doi: 10.1002/pbc.31579. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children treated for pediatric cancer are at risk for cognitive late effects, as well as impairments in sleep and physical activity. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of clinical screening of child- and caregiver-reported cognitive functioning, sleep, and physical activity and the relationship between cognitive functioning and health behaviors within a pediatric oncology long-term follow-up clinic.

PROCEDURE: The study included a retrospective chart review of 99 caregivers and 80 children (8-17 years old) who completed the Conners Short Form (parent only) and PROMIS cognitive functioning, sleep-related impairment, sleep disturbance, and physical activity scales at the child’s annual long-term follow-up visit. Test statistics and T-tests were used to assess psychometrics of the PROMIS scales. Bivariate correlations were used to examine the relationship between cognitive function and health behaviors.

RESULTS: The child- and parent-report, short-version PROMIS cognitive functioning, sleep, and physical activity scales demonstrated high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. High convergent validity was observed between PROMIS cognitive functioning and Conners Short Form. Caregiver- and child-reported cognitive functioning and health behaviors were significantly related (p ≤ 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS short-version scales are reliable and valid measures for screening cognitive function and health behaviors in pediatric oncology long-term follow-up care. Further research examining the predictive validity and longitudinal utility of the PROMIS scales in survivors is warranted. There was a positive association between cognitive functioning and health behaviors in survivors, warranting further investigation to inform potential targets of intervention in long-term follow-up care.

PMID:39901311 | DOI:10.1002/pbc.31579

Acad Emerg Med. 2025 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/acem.15112. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:39901308 | DOI:10.1111/acem.15112

Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Feb 4;16(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04174-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of promising outcomes from standard 2D culture systems, these data are not completely akin to in vivo tumor parenchyma. Therefore, the development and fabrication of various 3D culture systems can in part mimic intricate cell-to-cell interaction within the real tumor mass. Here, we aimed to evaluate the tumoricidal impacts of metformin (MTF) on colorectal cancer (CRC) tumoroids in an in vitro system via the modulation of autophagy.

METHODS: CRC tumoroids were developed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adenocarcinoma HT29 cells, and fibroblasts (HFFF2) in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 and 2.5% methylcellulose. Tumoroids were exposed to different concentrations of MTF, ranging from 20 to 1000 mM, for 72 h. The survival rate was detected using an LDH release assay. The expression and protein levels of autophagy-related factors were measured using PCR array and western blotting, respectively. Using H & E, and immunofluorescence staining (Ki-67), the integrity and proliferation rate of CRC tumoroids were examined.

RESULTS: The current protocol yielded typical compact tumoroids with a dark central region. Despite slight changes in released LDH contents, no statistically significant differences were achieved in terms of cell toxicity in MTF-exposed groups compared to the control tumoroids, indicating the insufficiency of MTF in the induction of tumor cell death (p > 0.05). Western blotting indicated that the LC3II/I ratio was reduced in tumoroids exposed to 120 mM MTF (p < 0.05). These data coincided with the reduction of intracellular p62 content in MTF 120 mM-treated tumoroids compared to MTF 40 mM and control groups (p < 0.05). PCR array analysis confirmed the up-regulation, and down-regulation of several genes related to various signaling transduction pathways associated with autophagy machinery and shared effectors between autophagy and apoptosis in 40 and 120 mM MTF groups compared to the non-treated control group (p < 0.05). These changes were more prominent in tumoroids incubated with 120 mM MTF. Histological examination confirmed the loosening integrity of tumoroids in MTF-treated groups, especially 120 mM MTF, with the increase in cell death via the induction of apoptosis (chromatin marginalization) and necrotic (pyknotic nuclei) changes. In the 120 mM MTF group, spindle-shaped cells with the remnants of a fibrillar matrix were detected. Data indicated the reduction of proliferating Ki-67⁺ cells within the tumoroids by increasing the MTF concentration from 40 to 120 mM.

CONCLUSIONS: Different shared autophagy/apoptosis genes were modulated in CRC tumoroids after MTF treatment coinciding with both typical necrotic and apoptotic cells within the tumoroid structure. MTF can inhibit the integrity and proliferation of CRC tumoroids in dose-dependent manner.

PMID:39901295 | DOI:10.1186/s13287-025-04174-z

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Feb 3;51(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01873-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have reported that infectious pneumonia can induce the production of plastic casts, which threatens children’s health. We explored the characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in clinical practice by analysing clinical medical records.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. Children with pneumonia and large chest shadows were included in this study. The differences in characteristics between patients with plastic bronchitis and those without plastic bronchitis were analysed. The distribution of pathogens was statistically analysed. Grouping analysis based on PB and pathogen conditions was also conducted.

RESULTS: A total of 185 patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: the PB group (n = 48) and the non-PB group (n = 137). The duration of illness before hospitalization in the PB group was mostly longer than that in the non-PB group. The frequency distribution of the inspiratory three concave signs in the PB group was significantly greater than that in the non-PB group. Compared with those in the non-PB group, the number of patients with abnormally elevated of D-D dimer, LDH, ALT, and AST in the PB group was significantly greater. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the main pathogen observed in both the PB and non-PB groups. In cases of MP infection without plastic bronchitis, treatment with macrolide antibiotics occurred significantly earlier. Most cases of pleural effusion in the PB-MP group were discovered more than 7 days after onset. However, in the PB-nonMP group, most cases of pleural effusion were detected within 7 days of onset. There was a difference observed in the distribution of pulmonary necrosis between the PB group and the non-PB group.

CONCLUSIONS: MP is a common pathogen observed in PB cases caused by single-pathogen infections and multiple-pathogen infections. PB may be a potential cause of pulmonary necrosis. Furthermore, PB exhibits diverse clinical manifestations due to host and pathogen factors.

PMID:39901284 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01873-4

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Feb 4;51(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored as a therapeutic intervention to counteract this immunosuppression. Despite its potential, the efficacy of GM-CSF in pediatric septic shock has not been clearly established. This study aims to investigate the impact of GM-CSF administration on survival rates and to identify key predictors of treatment outcomes in pediatric septic shock patients.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. The study included pediatric patients diagnosed with septic shock, analyzing their demographic data, GM-CSF and adjunctive therapies, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes. We employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the influence of GM-CSF on 28-day mortality and identify significant predictors of treatment outcomes.

RESULTS: The study included 200 pediatric patients, with 66 receiving GM-CSF treatment and 134 not treated with GM-CSF. The initial comparison showed a higher 28-day mortality in the GM-CSF group (59.1%) compared to the non-GM-CSF group (35.1%, P = 0.001). Notably, after adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate analysis revealed that the effect of GM-CSF treatment on 28-day mortality among pediatric septic shock patients did not reach statistical significance, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.472 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.153 to 1.457 (P = 0.192). However, the analysis indicated a potential trend suggesting that GM-CSF treatment may contribute to a reduction in 28-day mortality. In addition, significant predictors of treatment outcomes included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), lactic acid (LAC) levels, hospital-acquired septic shock (HASS), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet (PLT) count.

CONCLUSIONS: GM-CSF treatment may benefit pediatric septic shock patients, especially those with higher lactic acid, and lower RBC and platelet counts. These factors, which are significant predictors of outcomes, should be monitored during therapy.

PMID:39901277 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Feb 3;17(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01610-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To date, there is a lack of information on the use of flash glucose monitoring system (fCGM) in low-middle income countries, such as Brazil, as well as on digital health platforms most used to calculate the bolus insulin dose. In this study, we aimed to describe the population characteristics, prescription patterns and glycemic control of fCGM users compared to blood glucose monitoring (BGM) system in those who use Glic™, a digital health platform in Brazil, and to assess factors associated with better glycemic control in this population.

METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional retrospective study using anonymized aggregated data manually inputted by Glic™ users who self-reported a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes (GDM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

RESULTS: Of the 12,727 individuals included in this study, 11,007 (86.5%) reported their glucose monitoring method to be BGM, while 1720 (13.5%) reported using fCGM. Most individuals (70.5%) had T1DM. Compared to BGM, fCGM users were significantly younger, had a higher proportion of males, resided more frequently in the Southeast region of Brazil, had a lower BMI, a longer time since diagnosis, and used Glic™ platform more frequently. fCGM users were prescribed significantly more ultra-long and ultra-rapid acting insulins as their basal and bolus insulin, respectively, and less oral anti-diabetics drugs compared to BGM users. Considering only the T1DM and LADA individuals and their manual glucose inputs, fCGM users had non-significant lower glucose levels than BGM. Use of Glic™ platform and a higher percentage of basal insulin dose were associated with a better glycemic control.

CONCLUSION: This is the first and largest real-world evidence study that describe and compare fCGM and BGM in users of a digital health patient support platform in Brazil. fCGM users were significantly different from those who perform BGM, in terms of population characteristics and treatment patterns. Glycemic control was better in fCGM users, although not statistically significant due to a restricted sample size. Importantly, a higher frequency of Glic™ use was associated with a higher glucose time in range.

PMID:39901274 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01610-1

Reprod Health. 2025 Feb 3;22(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12978-025-01956-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, contributing to increase in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The existence of HRFB presents significant barrier to accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and contextual factors of HRFB among Nigerian women.

METHODS: In this study, cross-sectional data with national representativeness from the 2018 Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS) were used. The sample was made up of 21,792 women aged 15-49 years selected from 1389 enumeration areas. A multilevel multivariable binary logistic regression model was utilised to examine the factors associated with HRFB.

RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of HRFB was 64% (95% CI 62-65%). Women having at least a secondary education had 14% (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.98) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with women with at most a primary education. Muslim women had 20% (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.06-1.36) increase in the odds of HRFB, when compared with the Christian women. Those who had 3-4 living children had 3.97 times higher odds of HRFB, when compared with women with no child (aOR = 3.97; 95% CI 2.92-5.40). Women aged 25-34 and 35-49 years had higher odds of HRFB when compared with women aged 15-24 years respectively. Women exposed to media use had 12% (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.80-0.97) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with women not exposed to media use. The non-poor women had 12% (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.79-0.99) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with poor women. Respondents from female-headed households had 21% reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with those from households with male head (aOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69-0.92). The geographical region was significantly associated with HRFB among women.

CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of HRFB among Nigerian women underscores the need for policies and programmes targeted to address the issue. Addressing socioeconomic factors, improving education and healthcare access, and promoting family planning could significantly reduce HRFB.

PMID:39901270 | DOI:10.1186/s12978-025-01956-9

Implement Sci. 2025 Feb 3;20(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13012-025-01419-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: For nearly two decades, it has been widely recognized that individuals in jail settings have a high prevalence of opioid use disorders (OUD) and are highly susceptible to fatal overdose upon their release. This setting provides a public health opportunity to address OUD with Medication for Opioid Use Disorders (MOUDs). Yet, 56% of jails do not provide MOUD, creating a pressing need for better implementation approaches in jail and the hand-off to the community. Two successful implementation strategies, NIATx external coaching and the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) case management telementoring model, were compared to address this persistent treatment gap.

METHODS: This 2 × 2 design compared high (n = 12) and low (n = 4) dose coaching with and without ECHO in a 12-month intervention and 12 M sustainability period. The national trial included 25 jails and 13 community-based partners. MOUD trends for buprenorphine, methadone, injectable naltrexone, and combined MOUD between the study arms were assessed.

RESULTS: Jail sizes ranged from 24% with < 100 and 24% with > 500 daily population, and community-based treatment providers ranged from 63% with < 50 and 7% with > 500 average monthly OUD intakes. New patient counts were found to significantly increase across the intervention phase for buprenorphine (p < .01) and combined MOUD (p < .01). Injectable naltrexone and methadone showed no consistent, significant gains. For sites with low coaching without ECHO, new patient counts for combined MOUD were predicted to increase by 47.44% during the intervention phase and 7.30% during the sustainability phase. ECHO demonstrated that MOUD use did not significantly increase compared to coaching across MOUDs in the intervention phase (p = .517). High- and low-dose coaching showed no significant differences in MOUD use during the intervention phase (p = .124).

CONCLUSIONS: Coaching emerged as a more effective implementation strategy than ECHO for increasing buprenorphine use in jail settings. In practice, ECHO sessions offered considerable overlap with coaching strategies. While high-dose coaching had greater gains for MOUDs overall than low-dose coaching, those gains were statistically insignificant, suggesting low-dose coaching to be more economical. To increase MOUD use in jail settings, jurisdictions should focus on new MOUDs so all three MOUDs are available and enhance the post-incarceration continuum of care.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Name of registry: ClinicalTrials.gov.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04363320. Date of registration: 2020-07-30. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04363320?term=molfenter&rank=7 .

PMID:39901259 | DOI:10.1186/s13012-025-01419-6