Tag: pubmed

Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Jan 31;47(3):63. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02374-3.

ABSTRACT

People spend about 90% of their day indoors and are at increased risk of exposure to metal elements (MEs), water-soluble ions (WSIs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in indoor PM_2.5. Therefore, firstly this study investigated indoor PM_2.5 pollution to explore the distribution characteristics of MEs, WSIs and PAHs. Secondly, the carcinogenic risk of MEs and PAH to the population was analyzed using health risk assessment models. Finally, the sources of MEs and PAHs were identified using statistical analyses. The results of the study show that PM_2.5 concentrations fluctuate between spring and winter, with the most significant fluctuations reaching around 100 µg/m³ in March and January. Concentrations of most MEs, WSIs and PAHs during the heating season are twice as high as during the non-heating season. The main sources of MEs and PAHs are industrial, coal-fired emission sources, vehicle exhaust and metallurgical chemical emission sources. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of metallic elements to the population are mainly due to Co, which contribute up to 80% in both adults and children. The carcinogenicity risk indices of the six monomeric PAHs, BaP, DbA, Bbf, Bkf, Inp and BaA, were greater than 10^-6, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk.

PMID:39888536 | DOI:10.1007/s10653-025-02374-3

Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Jan 31;40(1):57. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04310-4.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration of methylene blue (MB) dye after laser irradiation using PIPS (photon-induced photoacoustic streaming) and SWEEPS (shockwave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming) methods compared to Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and to study their effect on dentin microhardness. A total of 44 single-rooted human teeth which were extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons were used. The teeth were decapitated to standardize roots to 12 mm in length. Canals were prepared up to size #30.6% and divided randomly into four groups (n = 11/group) according to the method of NaOCl activation: Group I: Er: YAG laser activation with PIPS tip; Group II: Er: YAG laser activation with SWEEPS tip; Group III: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and Group IV: conventional needle irrigation (CI). MB dye was injected then teeth were sectioned horizontally into coronal, middle and apical sections. Penetration depth/area percentages were measured using stereomicroscopy. Coronal specimens were further subjected to Vickers microhardness testing. Data were statistically analyzed. SWEEPS and PIPS activation methods provided higher dye penetration depth and area percentages compared to PUI with no statistically significant differences between all test groups. However, all test groups showed statistically significant differences with the CI (control) group. SWEEPS activation provided higher microhardness values with statistically significant differences with the other groups. Laser irrigant activation using PIPS and SWEEPS is comparable to PUI concerning MB dye penetration. However, SWEEPS preserved dentin microhardness significantly which can be beneficial for the long-term prognosis of root canal treated teeth.

PMID:39888502 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04310-4

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40368-025-01000-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy on the regenerative potential of non-vital mature permanent teeth of healthy Canine dogs.

METHODS: 54 mature roots, obtained from 27 premolars, in dogs, were selected and divided into three equal groups where Group I received regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) using blood clot as a scaffold (positive control), Group II received similar treatment as Group I, followed by photobiomodulation therapy (study group) and Group III did not receive any intervention (negative control). Each group was further divided into three equal subgroups for the evaluation of the vascular area percentage and fibroblast count at 3 different intervals; 3, 10, and 15 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with R statistical analysis software version 4.1.3 RESULTS: Data analysis for vascular area percentages, revealed an insignificant increase in mean values at 3 and 10 weeks for both the positive control and study group, and all values were significantly lower than the negative control (p < 0.001). At 15 weeks, there was an insignificant difference between the study group and the negative control group, with mean values was 9.76 ± 2.25, and 11.97 ± 2.37, respectively. However, both values were significantly higher than the positive control group (2.47 ± 1.0), (p < 0.001). Regarding fibroblast count, there was a gradual increase in mean values recorded at different intervals, reaching its maximum at the 15th week period; they were 41.40 ± 1.14, 56.60 ± 6.11 and 44.67 ± 17.04 for positive control, study group, and negative control respectively, with insignificant differences between the study group and negative control.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the revascularization of non-vital mature permanent teeth as an alternative treatment modality. Photobiomodulation could improve the construction of regenerated blood vessels and fibroblasts. However, further studies with longer flow-up periods and different animal models are recommended.

PMID:39888499 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-025-01000-1

Int J Clin Pharm. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11096-025-01867-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia has received increasing scrutiny; however, the specific drugs involved remain poorly characterized. Hypofibrinogenemia can have significant clinical implications, including increased bleeding risks.

AIM: This study aimed to utilize the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to identify and analyze drugs frequently implicated in drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia.

METHOD: A disproportionality analysis was conducted using FAERS data from January 2004 to March 2024. Various statistical tools were used, including the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency metrics, and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network.

RESULTS: The analysis included 17,627,340 cases involving 52,373,206 adverse events, with 1,661 cases identified as hypofibrinogenemia. The top five drugs associated with hypofibrinogenemia by case number were methotrexate (124 cases), tigecycline (119 cases), tocilizumab (100 cases), pegaspargase (83 cases), and alteplase (57 cases). The drugs ranked by signal strength based on ROR included eravacycline (ROR 2173.84, 95% CI 1208.80-3909.30), tigecycline (ROR 747.34, 95% CI 619.03-902.24), crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ROR 407.67, 95% CI 291.07-570.99), pegaspargase (ROR 216.06, 95% CI 173.15-269.61), and asparaginase (ROR 184.93, 95% CI 132.18-258.72).

CONCLUSION: This analysis of FAERS data identified 52 drugs associated with hypofibrinogenemia, most (88.5%) of which do not mention this risk in their prescribing information. These findings demonstrate the need for the monitoring of blood fibrinogen and may serve as a reference for the explore of the characteristics and underlying mechanism of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia in the real world.

PMID:39888490 | DOI:10.1007/s11096-025-01867-6

Int Urol Nephrol. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11255-024-04339-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Managing lower calyceal stones poses significant challenges. Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL) are standard techniques for treating large stones (10-20 mm).

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the role of the T-tilt position (45-degree Trendelenburg with a 45-degree lateral tilt against the side of the stone) and hydrodilatation of the lower calyx with 50 cc saline injection as needed in optimizing stone-free rates and safety during FURSL for lower calyceal stones.

METHODS: Following ethical approval, a prospective randomized study with 197 patients was conducted. 13 patients were excluded (9 with renal anomalies or prior surgeries affecting anatomy, and four who refused participation). The remaining 184 were randomized into Group A (92 patients in T-tilt with hydrodilatation) and Group B (92 patients with hydrodilatation in lithotomy position). Randomization was achieved with computer-generated numbers stored in sealed envelopes. All patients had 10-20 mm stones and underwent FURSL using a 7.5 FR flexible ureteroscope and 200-micron Wolf laser fiber. Follow-up CT KUB was performed at 1 and 3 months, assessing stone-free status (no residual stones or residual < 3 mm) and the need for auxiliary procedures.

RESULTS: Both groups were statistically analyzed for age, sex, BMI, stone size, Hounsfield units (HU), infundibular dimensions, access sheath use, complications (fever, sepsis, hematuria) and hospital stay. No significant differences were found between the two groups in these variables. However, operative time was significantly longer in Group A than in Group B (P value = 0.018). The need for auxiliary procedures was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (P value = 0.001), and the success rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P value = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The T-tilt position and hydrodilatation significantly optimize outcomes and enhance stone-free rates for large lower calyceal stones (10-20 mm). This position improves intraoperative vision and facilitates access to the lower calyx, facilitating the clearance of stone fragments.

PMID:39888472 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-024-04339-4

J Med Syst. 2025 Jan 31;49(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s10916-025-02151-w.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Mobile health plays an important role in providing individualized information about the health status of patients. Limited information exists on intensive care unit (ICU) patients with the risk of suffering from the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), summarizing long-term physical, mental and cognitive impairment. This web-based survey study aims to identify specific needs of former ICU patients for utilizing a newly developed, so called Post-Intensive Care Outcome Surveillance (PICOS) app to collect relevant PICS-related parameters.

METHODS: A prototype app was developed following interaction principles for interactive systems of usability engineering. Patients from four different German hospitals were asked about demographics, interaction with technology and their perception of the prototype regarding hedonic motivation, perceived ease of use and performance expectancy.

RESULTS: 123 patients participated in the survey; the majority owned and used smartphones. Nearly half of respondents would seek help from family members or caregivers using the app. There was a difference in affinity for technology for participants who own a smartphone and those who do not, t(116) = – 0.97, p = .335, and no significant difference in affinity for technology whether the participants would like support when using the app or not, t(97) = 1.81, p = .073. The average hedonic motivation for using the app was M = 4.44 (SD = 1.304).

CONCLUSION: This app prototype was perceived as both beneficial and easy to use, indicating its success among former ICU patients. Due to aging and ongoing health impairments, every second patient would need assistance with the initial use of the app.

PMID:39888468 | DOI:10.1007/s10916-025-02151-w

Acta Diabetol. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s00592-025-02448-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a common condition in the elderly, especially in diabetics (DM). Metformin (MTF), known to reduce glucose levels, can also be a therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases, although it may contribute to muscle loss.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly people treated for DM, with or without MTF, and non-diabetic patients (NDM) and evaluate whether there is an association between the use of MTF and the development of sarcopenia.

METHODS: 194 independent elderly people over 80 years old were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined by handgrip (HG), calf circumference (CC), and gait speed (GS). Non-parametric statistical analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used.

RESULTS: The prevalence of DM was 24.7%, of which 56.25% used MTF. The median fasting blood glucose in the NDM and DM groups was 95 and 104 mg/dL. The median glycated hemoglobin in the NDM and DM groups was 5.7% and 6.4%. There was no statistical difference between the DM and NDM groups when comparing clinical characteristics, functionality, weight, physical tests, and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia was similar between NDM and DM (16.55% and 14.63%), with few cases of severe sarcopenia in both groups, without statistical differences. We did not find differences in the same variables when we analyzed NDM and DM using or not MTF. Survival curves showed no significant differences between patients with and without sarcopenia/severe sarcopenia.

CONCLUSIONS: Long-lived people with well-controlled DM did not show significant differences concerning those without DM for the outcome of sarcopenia or death.

PMID:39888448 | DOI:10.1007/s00592-025-02448-9

Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Jan 31;29(2):101. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06156-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to apply the DeepLabv3 + model and compare it with the U-Net model in terms of detecting and segmenting apical lesions on panoramic radiography.

METHODS: 260 panoramic images that contain apical lesions in different regions were collected and randomly divided into training and test datasets. All images were manually annotated for apical lesions using Computer Vision Annotation Tool software by two independent dental radiologists and a master reviewer. The DeepLabv3 + model, one of the state-of-the-art deep semantic segmentation models, was utilized using Python programming language and the TensorFlow library and applied to the prepared datasets. The model was compared with the U-Net model applied to apical lesions and other medical image segmentation problems in the literature.

RESULTS: The DeepLabv3 + and U-Net models were applied to the same datasets with the same hyper-parameters. The AUC and recall results of the DeepLabv3 + were 29.96% and 61.06% better than the U-Net model. However, the U-Net model gets 69.17% and 25.55% better precision and F1-score results than the DeepLabv3 + model. The difference in the IoU results of the models was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: This paper comprehensively evaluated the DeepLabv3 + model and compared it with the U-Net model. Our experimental findings indicated that DeepLabv3 + outperforms the U-Net model by a substantial margin for both AUC and recall metrics. According to those results, for detecting apical lesions, we encourage researchers to use and improve the DeepLabv3 + model.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The DeepLabv3 + model has the poten tial to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment planning and save time in the clinic.

PMID:39888441 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-025-06156-0

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s00259-025-07111-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The loss of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) can lead to dysfunction of GABAergic neurons, but a direct comparison of SV2A and GABA_A receptor densities in humans has not been assessed. This study evaluated SV2A and GABA_A receptor abnormalities in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and compared the patterns to glucose hypometabolism.

METHODS: Eleven patients with DRE were retrospectively recruited and underwent PET imaging with [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG), [¹⁸F]Flumazenil (FMZ), and [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1. Visual assessments counted abnormal metabolic brain regions based on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) atlas, while voxel-level analyses delineated the abnormal metabolic distributions. The relationship between hypo-metabolic distributions and the age of epilepsy onset was analyzed.

RESULTS: The hypometabolic regions in [¹⁸F]FDG PET, identified in the AAL atlas, was significantly broader than in [¹⁸F]FMZ (p = 0.0005) and [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 (p = 0.0010) PET, with no statistical difference observed between [¹⁸F]FMZ and [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 PET (p > 0.05). The voxel number in [¹⁸F]FDG PET was significantly higher than that of the [¹⁸F]FMZ and [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 PET in both hypo-intensity area and severe hypo-intensity area. The ratio of the voxel number between these two area was higher for [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 PET compared to [¹⁸F]FDG PET (p = 0.0195) and [¹⁸F]FMZ PET (p = 0.0237), and positively correlated with the age of epilepsy onset (r = 0.7397, p = 0.0145).

CONCLUSIONS: [¹⁸F]FMZ and [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 PET images revealed a more restricted pattern of reduced uptake compared to [¹⁸F]FDG PET in DRE patients. The age of epilepsy onset correlated with a reduction in [¹⁸F]SynVesT-1 uptake but not in [¹⁸F]FMZ or [¹⁸F]FDG uptake.

PMID:39888422 | DOI:10.1007/s00259-025-07111-7

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s00259-025-07070-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Imaging biomarkers bear great promise for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We compared the ability of three commonly used neuroimaging modalities to detect cortical changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD).

METHODS: 53 cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN), 32 PD-MCI, and 35 PDD underwent concurrent structural MRI (sMRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI), and [¹⁸F]FDG PET. We extracted grey matter volumes (sMRI), mean diffusivity (MD, dMRI), and standardized uptake value ratios ([¹⁸F]FDG PET) for 52 cortical regions included in a neuroanatomical atlas. We assessed group differences using ANCOVA models and further applied a cross-validated machine learning approach to identify the modality-specific brain regions that are most indicative of dementia status and assessed their diagnostic accuracy for group separation using receiver operating characteristic analyses.

RESULTS: In sMRI, atrophy of temporal and posterior-parietal areas allowed separating PDD from PD-CN (AUC = 0.77 ± 0.07), but diagnostic accuracy was poor for separating PD-MCI from PD-CN (0.57 ± 0.10). dMRI showed most pronounced diffusivity changes in the medial temporal lobe, which provided excellent diagnostic performance for PDD (AUC = 0.87 ± 0.06), and a more modest but still significant performance for PD-MCI (AUC = 0.71 ± 0.09). Finally, [¹⁸F]FDG PET revealed pronounced hypometabolism in posterior-occipital regions, which provided the highest diagnostic accuracies for both PDD (AUC = 0.89 ± 0.05) and PD-MCI (AUC = 0.78 ± 0.05). In statistical comparisons, both [¹⁸F]FDG PET (p < 0.001) and dMRI (p < 0.031) outperformed sMRI for detecting PDD and PD-MCI.

CONCLUSION: Among the tested modalities, [¹⁸F]FDG PET was most accurate for detecting cortical changes associated with cognitive impairment in PD, especially at early stages. Diffusion measurements may represent a promising MRI-based alternative.

PMID:39888421 | DOI:10.1007/s00259-025-07070-z