Tag: pubmed

Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2026 Jul 22;70(5):e260078. doi: 10.20945/2359-4292-2026-0078.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of taurine supplementation on the lipid profile of male hypothyroid Wistar rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were induced to hypothyroidism by treatment with 0.03% methimazole in drinking water. After 21 days, half of the hypothyroid animals received daily taurine supplementation by gavage (520 mg/kg b.w.), while the other half received water. Control animals received taurine at the same dose or water by gavage for an additional 21 days, totaling 42 days of treatment. The groups were: Control (C), Taurine (T), Hypothyroid (H), and Hypothyroid + Taurine (H+T) (n = 5-20/group). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, and statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test.

RESULTS: Hypothyroidism increased serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL levels, which were reduced by taurine supplementation. Hepatic diacylglycerol concentration increased with taurine supplementation, but this effect was not observed in hypothyroid animals. Taurine increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in the liver independently of thyroid hormone levels.

CONCLUSION: Hypothyroidism induces changes in the lipid profile, particularly increasing TC and LDL cholesterol levels. Taurine supplementation in hypothyroid rats partially reversed lipid alterations and increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in the liver, suggesting metabolic benefits.

PMID:42485573 | DOI:10.20945/2359-4292-2026-0078

Neurourol Urodyn. 2026 Jul 22. doi: 10.1002/nau.70390. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and debilitating complication in patients with dementia, significantly impacting quality of life, increasing caregiver burden, and accelerating institutionalization.

OBJECTIVE: Despite numerous studies, reported prevalence estimates vary widely, and a precise global pooled prevalence has not been established.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from November to December 2025, without publication year restrictions. Observational studies reporting the point prevalence of UI in dementia patients were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis (restricted maximum likelihood method) was used to pool prevalence estimates. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed by setting and UI assessment method, and meta-regression examined associations with Human Development Index (HDI) and temporal trends.

RESULTS: Ten studies comprising 286,544 participants were included. The pooled global prevalence of UI in dementia patients was 39.7% (95% CI: 23.9%-58.1%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² > 95%). Prevalence ranged from 4% in Taiwan to 88% in Japan. Subgroup analyses revealed significantly higher prevalence in clinic/hospital settings compared to community settings (47.5% vs. 28.7%, p = 0.023), and in studies using single-question interviews versus medical record extraction (59.2% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.016). Meta-regression showed a significant positive association with HDI (coefficient: 5.69, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the pooled estimate.

CONCLUSION: Approximately 40% of dementia patients experience UI, with substantial variation by setting and assessment method. Standardized assessment protocols are needed to inform targeted interventions and reduce disease burden.

PMID:42485548 | DOI:10.1002/nau.70390

Appl Spectrosc. 2026 Jul 22:37028261474584. doi: 10.1177/00037028261474584. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning provides a rapid approach for coal ash quantification. However, in practical coal preparation plants, calibration samples are often limited, and ash contents are usually confined to a narrow range, making reliable quantitative modeling difficult. To address this issue, we propose a structured spectral in-context learning framework for small-sample coal ash quantification. Unlike conventional methods that rely on task-specific iterative parameter optimization, the proposed framework performs downstream inference by conditioning on a limited set of calibration samples using a pre-trained tabular foundation model. To adapt continuous high-dimensional LIBS spectra to this framework, segmented statistical descriptors and multi-scale Haar-like features were constructed to capture subtle local spectral variations associated with narrow ash-content changes. The experimental results show that the proposed SS-ICL framework achieves robust predictive performance under restricted conditions, with an R² of 0.8880 and an RMSE of 0.1953 in a narrow-range washed-coal scenario. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides a practical and robust strategy for on-site LIBS-based coal quality analysis in restricted industrial environments.

PMID:42485543 | DOI:10.1177/00037028261474584

J Spinal Cord Med. 2026 Jul 22:1-10. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2026.2657701. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of synchronous telerehabilitation-based resistance exercises on upper limb function in people with paraplegia.

SETTING: Rehabilitation interventions were conducted either synchronously via telerehabilitation or through unsupervised home-based programs in participants’ residential environments.

PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one people with paraplegia, aged 18-60, who were partially or fully wheelchair-dependent and had sufficient upper limb function and access to online communication tools.

INTERVENTIONS: Both groups followed the same resistance exercise program (3 times/week for 6 weeks). The telerehabilitation group performed exercises under real-time remote supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group completed an unsupervised home-based exercise program.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes included upper limb muscle strength assessed via handheld dynamometry, physical performance measured by the 20-Meter Wheelchair Push Test, and physical activity levels evaluated using the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities.

RESULTS: Significant within-group improvements were observed in the Study Group for shoulder and wrist strength, mobility performance, and physical activity levels (P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant between-group differences were observed post-intervention (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Synchronous telerehabilitation-based resistance exercises significantly enhanced upper limb strength, mobility, and activity levels in people with paraplegia. Comparable post-treatment outcomes between groups suggest that structured home-based exercise programs may also be effective when appropriately designed and supported.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07115693.

PMID:42485535 | DOI:10.1080/10790268.2026.2657701

J Food Drug Anal. 2026 Jun 1;34(1):20-30. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3584.

ABSTRACT

Metabolomics is the most recent and final discipline among the post-genomic, multiomics fields. It encompasses key technologies in systems biology, providing an overview of low-molecular-weight metabolites while examining disturbances to offer pathophysiological explanations. The two key analytical tools in metabolomics are nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, which includes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolomic research relies on a three-stage data generation process: the first stage involves precise analytical chemistry to produce data; the second stage employs multivariate statistical analysis; and the last stage uses big data as a reference for comparison to establish biochemical, metabolic, and pathophysiological correlations, thereby providing possible interpretations. The initiative of precision medicine starts with cancer as the first disease target. This review discusses and illustrates the application of metabolomics in precision medicine, choosing two types of cancer as example. Warburg effect and metabolic reprogramming are particularly discussed. By providing global, top-down, and less biased information, metabolomics enables precision medicine.

PMID:42485531 | DOI:10.38212/2224-6614.3584

J Food Drug Anal. 2026 Jun 1;34(1):68-77. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3574.

ABSTRACT

Metabolomics studies small-molecule metabolites to provide insights into health and disease, supporting early diagnosis and personalized medicine. Advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have expanded its use in metabolic, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In pediatrics, high-resolution NMR metabolomics has been instrumental in identifying age-related metabolic changes during early childhood and their associations with growth, nutrition, and disease risk. However, a comprehensive review of its clinical applications and future potential remains limited. This review highlights how utilizing specific NMR pulse sequences, such as CPMG and NOESY, allows for precise and non-destructive metabolic profiling of diverse biofluids, supported by minimal sample preparation and high-throughput automated analysis. Data processing tools like NMRProcFlow and MetaboAnalyst facilitate spectral preprocessing, statistical analysis, and biological interpretation, streamlining metabolomics workflows. Clinically, NMR-based metabolomics has elucidated metabolic alterations in pediatric growth, prematurity, nutrition-related sensitizations, allergic diseases, lipid metabolism, infectious conditions, and neurobehavioral disorders. In particular, metabolomics has been applied to identify specific metabolic signatures underlying the molecular mechanisms of childhood allergic asthma. Despite limitations in detecting low-abundance metabolites, NMR’s ability to preserve sample integrity and integrate multi-omics data, especially gut microbiota-derived metabolites, shows great promise in advancing precision pediatric medicine, early disease screening, and personalized therapeutic strategies.

PMID:42485526 | DOI:10.38212/2224-6614.3574

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2026 Jul 20;60:e20250553. doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2025-0553en. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the care trajectories of women with advanced breast cancer in the last 30 days of life, analyzing clinical differences and healthcare service utilization between patients undergoing intravenous palliative chemotherapy (IPC) and those followed by specialized palliative care (SPC) teams.

METHOD: A retrospective study based on the analysis of electronicmedical records of 370 women who died between 2019 and 2023, distributed into IPC (n = 176) and SPC (n = 194). Comparisons were performed using the chi-square, Fisher’s exact, or Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Patients in SPC presented greater metastatic burden (4; IQR 3-5; p < 0.001), greater central nervous system involvement (39.69% vs. 16.48%; p < 0.001), and more multidisciplinary consultations (p < 0.001). They presented lower emergency care utilization (1; IQR 1-2; p < 0.001) and lower hospitalization in the last 24 hours of life (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Follow-up by SPC teams was associated with less aggressive care trajectories at the end of life, even among patients with greater clinical complexity.

PMID:42485510 | DOI:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2025-0553en

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2026 Jul 20;60:e20250451. doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2025-0451en. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Bach Flower Remedies Therapy on the hope and quality of life of people with advanced cancer.

METHOD: Randomized, triple-blind (1:1) clinical trial in a high-complexity public hospital in the Southern region of Brazil. Ninety-nine participants were allocated to either the intervention group (solution with nine flower essences) or the placebo group (Hydro-brandy solution). Both groups used four drops orally, four times a day, for 120 days, with monthly follow-up. Hope measured by the Herth Hope Index, quality of life through Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Palliative Care.

RESULTS: In the flower remedies group (n = 50), hope varied from 43.44/48 to 44.53/48 and in the placebo group (n = 49) from 41.67/48 to 44.29/48, a significant increase over time (p = 0.024), with no difference between groups (p = 0.977). Quality of life ranged from 141.39/184 to 150.60/184 in the flower remedies group, and from 133.76/184 to 148.96/184 in the placebo group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.230) or time (p = 0.240).

CONCLUSION: Although not statistically significant, there was a slight increase in life expectancy and quality of life, highlighting the importance of non-pharmacological therapies in evidence-based palliative care practice.

BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: RBR-8q6z6kq.

PMID:42485509 | DOI:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2025-0451en

Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2026 Jul 22:1-12. doi: 10.1044/2026_LSHSS-25-00186. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a hidden disorder in understanding and producing language, which has lifelong impacts. There is a significant amount of research-based evidence to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who support younger children with DLD, yet there is a dearth of professional development (PD) specific to intervention for older students and implementation of research in practice.

METHOD: We distributed a 26-question survey to SLPs working with adolescents (i.e., children in Grades 5 and above) who have DLD via American Speech-Language-Hearing Association groups, social media, and researcher connections. Survey questions asked about their perceptions of (a) available PD opportunities, (b) confidence in learning and applying new strategies, and (c) PD delivery.

RESULTS: We analyzed data from 117 complete surveys using descriptive statistics. SLPs who responded to this survey sought PD most often through online platforms and live conferences. Respondents reported difficulty finding PD specific to serving older students with DLD. Despite the lack of available PD specifically tailored to adolescents with DLD, SLPs felt confident in their ability to serve these students on their caseloads.

CONCLUSIONS: SLPs who serve adolescents with DLD largely rely on their clinical judgment to provide evidence-based services. We propose that emphasizing clinical judgment as practice-based evidence would allow researchers and clinicians to further develop, study, and provide appropriate PD to meet the needs of secondary SLPs and older students.

PMID:42485492 | DOI:10.1044/2026_LSHSS-25-00186

Curr Opin Crit Care. 2026 Jul 23. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001415. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Clinical models are commonly applied in critical care for both descriptive and predictive purposes. However, methodological rigour is often lacking in their development and validation. This review examines the principles underlying the multiple domains of model validity. We argue that a clear model purpose and theoretical framework are essential preconditions for validity.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recently developed descriptive and predictive models illustrate different approaches to promoting validity. In developing SOFA-2, eCARTv5, Sepsis-3 and the PHOENIX paediatric sepsis criteria, authors used combinations of expert-driven consensus, data-driven derivation and iterative refinement. These examples demonstrate that validity requires a process of repeated evaluation across distinct populations, settings and time periods.

SUMMARY: The best approach to establishing validity combines a clear theoretical framework, structured expert consensus (including Delphi methodology), rigorous statistical evaluation (discrimination, calibration, net benefit) and prospective external validation. The distinction between models designed to predict outcomes and those designed to describe or quantify organ dysfunction is fundamental and should guide development and validation strategy from the outset.

PMID:42485487 | DOI:10.1097/MCC.0000000000001415