Tag: pubmed

Pan Afr Med J. 2026 Feb 3;53:48. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2026.53.48.45564. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for over 90% of all diabetes cases and results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and T2D risk shows considerable variation across different populations. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the association between APOE genotypes and alleles (E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E4, E4E4) and the risk of T2D. Additionally, it examines the association of demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters with T2D risk in cases and controls. Relevant articles providing genotypic and allelic frequencies of APOE polymorphisms were sourced from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. These articles focus on peer-reviewed human case-control studies published in English until February 27, 2024. Data on APOE polymorphisms, biochemical, and clinical parameters were extracted. Statistical tests were performed using Review Manager 4.3.1 with results expressed using ORs and 95% CIs. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed using the Q test and Egger regression analysis. Thirty-two studies involving 19644 participants. The statistical analysis showed that BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, and LDL-C could potentially indicate a higher risk of T2D in cases compared to controls. Significant associations with T2D were found for the APOE E4E4 genotype (OR =1.94, 95% CI= [1.16, 3.23], P = 0.01, I²=75%), and the E4 allele (OR=1.26, 95% CI= [1.11, 1.43], P = 0.0005, I²=55%). No significant associations were observed for the E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, and E3E4 genotypes, or the E2 allele (P > 0.05 for all). A significant association between APOE genotype E4E4 and allele E4 with T2D was confirmed in this meta-analysis.

PMID:42283046 | PMC:PMC13252076 | DOI:10.11604/pamj.2026.53.48.45564

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2026 Jul-Aug;16(4):101465. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101465. Epub 2026 Jun 4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the regenerative effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with 3% low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) gel in treating ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

METHODS: •40 male albino rats divided into 5 groups: Control (no treatment), Periodontitis only, Periodontitis + HA, Periodontitis + PRP, Periodontitis + HA + PRP.•After 2 weeks, histological (light microscopy and SEM) and biochemical (TNF-α, IL-1β) evaluations were performed.

RESULTS: Histological and SEM examinations showed structural damage in the periodontitis group, including pocket formation and disorganized bone. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) were significantly higher in this group than in the control group. Treatment with HA, PRP, and especially their combination significantly reduced these markers. The combined therapy (Group V) showed the most effective recovery, while HA (Group III) and PRP (Group IV) alone led to partial improvement.

CONCLUSION: Treatment modalities that include HA or PRP administration could improve periodontal healing. However, the combined administration of HA and PRP yielded superior histological and statistical outcomes. This might be due to the intensifying collection of the adjunctives’ anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate this combination.

PMID:42283037 | PMC:PMC13251205 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101465

J Shoulder Elb Arthroplast. 2026 May 7;10(3):100035. doi: 10.1016/j.jsea.2026.100035. eCollection 2026 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) provides reliable outcomes in cuff tear arthropathy, but the impact of prior breast cancer treatment on safety and functional outcomes remains unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 15 women with prior ipsilateral breast cancer treatment (mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and/or radiotherapy) who underwent rTSA for cuff tear arthropathy. These results were compared with 50 female patients who underwent rTSA for cuff tear arthropathy without breast cancer history. Outcomes included patient-reported scores (Oxford Shoulder Score, Constant Murley score, and satisfaction), range of motion, pain, and complications, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

RESULTS: Oxford Shoulder Score and Constant Murley score were similar between groups (41.5 vs. 41.0; 69.4 vs. 71.8). Satisfaction was high in both cohorts (8.8/10). The breast cancer group showed lower abduction (139° vs. 166°, P = .003) and forward flexion (141° vs. 173°, P = .003), while internal and external rotation were comparable. Complications were numerically higher in the breast cancer cohort, with revision surgery showing a borderline difference (2/15 vs. 0/50, P = .050).

CONCLUSION: rTSA demonstrated comparable functional outcomes and satisfaction in patients with prior breast cancer treatment. Lower post-operative abduction, forward flexion and a numerically higher complication burden were observed, although complication differences were not statistically significant. Prior breast cancer treatment should not be considered an absolute contraindication, but appropriate pre-operative counseling remains important.

PMID:42283030 | PMC:PMC13253066 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsea.2026.100035

Front Vet Sci. 2026 May 27;13:1834338. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1834338. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Non-absorbed inorganic iron in the digestive tract can be directly utilized by microorganisms, particularly pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of substituting ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) with lower doses of ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) in weaned piglets. A total of 30 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (n = 10): a Control group, a Gly-Fe-50 group (50 mg/kg Fe-Gly), and a Gly-Fe-75 group (75 mg/kg Fe-Gly). Compared with 100 mg/kg FeSO₄, supplementation with 50 or 75 mg/kg Fe-Gly did not significantly affect growth performance parameters, indicating that Fe-Gly maintained comparable growth performance at a 25-50% lower inclusion level. Numerically, 50 mg/kg Fe-Gly showed higher ADFI and ADG, although these differences were not statistically significant. Fe-Gly supplementation was associated with improvements in intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. Furthermore, Fe-Gly supplementation significantly elevated serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced iron transport efficiency. Gene expression and microbial sequencing analyses revealed that Fe-Gly upregulated antioxidant genes (SLC7A11, P62) in the jejunum. Additionally, it significantly augmented the proportion of beneficial microbes, such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, while reducing the proportion of Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella. In summary, because of its high bioavailability, 50 mg/kg Fe-Gly does more than meet the growth and metabolic demands of piglets; it also reduces iron accumulation in the hindgut lumen. This mechanism restricts iron availability for intestinal pathogens, inhibiting their proliferation and thereby improving intestinal health in piglets.

PMID:42283015 | PMC:PMC13251694 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2026.1834338

Data Sci Sci. 2025;4(1):2519436. doi: 10.1080/26941899.2025.2519436. Epub 2025 Jun 24.

ABSTRACT

Functional connectivity, the study of coordination between distinct brain regions, is a key focus in neuroscience. The Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) model, commonly used to infer task-dependent functional connectivity, is limited by its susceptibility to confounding effects. We propose using partial correlations, instead of PPI regression coefficients, as they correct for confounding. We show how the PPI model can be used to estimate the precision matrix of a Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM), from which partial correlations are easily derived. We then propose a Bayesian extension to the PPI model that allows this measure of functional connectivity to vary over time. We enforce sparsity in the GGM precision matrix through scale-mixture shrinkage priors, mitigating overfitting. Additionally, we identify structural zeros in the precision matrix using a Bayesian multicomparison decision-theoretic framework. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model over the standard PPI model using simulated data and we further apply it to human fMRI data from a serial reaction time experiment. Our framework offers a more robust and dynamic approach to functional connectivity analysis.

PMID:42283007 | PMC:PMC13251719 | DOI:10.1080/26941899.2025.2519436

New Microbes New Infect. 2026 May 29;72:101779. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101779. eCollection 2026 Aug.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, temporal trends, and diagnostic concordance of transfusion-transmitted viruses (TTVs) using combined serological and nucleic acid testing (NAT) in a large donor population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: This retrospective study analysed all blood donations screened from 2019 to 2024 at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, using serological assays and NAT. Prevalence estimates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Temporal trends were evaluated using generalised estimating equations logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) positivity. Diagnostic agreement between serology and NAT was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic.

RESULTS: Among 48,151 donors, seroprevalence was 0.4% for HBsAg, 0.3% for HCV Ab, 0.1% for HIV Ab, and 0.02% for HTLV Ab. HBc Ab was detected in 4.7%. NAT identified HBV and HCV in 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. Logistic regression showed a significant annual decline in HBsAg and NAT-HBV. Older age and non-Saudi nationality were linked to higher HBsAg and HCV positivity. Concordance between serology and NAT was substantial for HIV but negligible for HBV and HCV.

CONCLUSIONS: TTVs rates are low and declining, but HBV/HCV concordance underscores the need for continued dual testing to ensure transfusion safety.

PMID:42282993 | PMC:PMC13251497 | DOI:10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101779

Hum Mutat. 2026 Jun 10;2026:7359548. doi: 10.1155/humu/7359548. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly lethal and lacks causal biomarkers that can inform mechanism-based therapies. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death implicated in PC, but upstream determinants of ferroptosis in PC remain unclear. We integrated large-scale proteomic quantitative trait locus (pQTL) resources with Mendelian randomization (MR) and cell-based experiments to identify causal regulators of ferroptosis relevant to PC. Using two-sample MR with plasma pQTL data from the deCODE cohort and the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project and PC genome-wide association summary statistics from FinnGen, we screened 159 FerrDb-defined ferroptosis-related proteins and identified three ferroptosis-related proteins (CTSB, IDO1, and MDM4) with significant causal effects on PC risk. A proteome-wide scan further uncovered 13 proteins associated with PC. Two-step mediation MR supported a causal pathway from CLEC4G through the ferroptosis regulator CTSB to PC risk. In vitro, CLEC4G knockdown increased CTSB expression and ferroptosis activity, which suppressed PC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Together, our genetic and experimental evidence indicates that CLEC4G promotes PC progression by limiting CTSB-associated ferroptotic activity in PC cells and supports further investigation of the CLEC4G-CTSB axis in PC.

PMID:42282992 | PMC:PMC13250469 | DOI:10.1155/humu/7359548

Ecol Evol. 2026 Jun 9;16(6):e73637. doi: 10.1002/ece3.73637. eCollection 2026 Jun.

ABSTRACT

Dryland and semiarid ecosystems in Iran are increasingly threatened by climate change and human activities, posing significant risks to endemic avian species such as the Iranian Ground-jay (Podoces pleskei). In this study, we used ecological niche models and GIS analyses to predict the impacts of climate change on the habitat suitability of this bird. Our models showed that the habitat suitability for P. pleskei was primarily concentrated within the deserts and xeric shrublands biomes and identified extensive suitable habitat patches along the Iran-Pakistan border. Podoces pleskei showed a higher probability of presence at low values of mean temperature of the driest quarter, annual precipitation, NDVI, and distance from human settlements. Our findings reveal that although approximately 36% of suitable habitats fall within formally designated protected areas, the majority remain unprotected and suffer from severe fragmentation, compromising long-term conservation prospects. We found that P. pleskei lost a considerable proportion of its suitable habitats due to climate change i.e., 18% and 52% under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. Our models showed strong predictive performance as indicated by high Area Under Curve and True Skill Statistic values. Moving beyond traditional protected area designation, conservation efforts must prioritize habitat connectivity and community engagement to ensure the persistence of P. pleskei and other dryland avian species, particularly in light of the significant habitat loss caused by climate change. Our findings contribute valuable insights into avian ecology in Iran’s fragile ecosystems and inform evidence-based conservation planning in the country.

PMID:42282978 | PMC:PMC13249540 | DOI:10.1002/ece3.73637

Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2026 Jun 10;2026:9920130. doi: 10.1155/grp/9920130. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Effects of aging on the relationship of striated esophagus (StEso) motor function with pharyngeal deglutitive biomechanics has not been systematically studied.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to characterize the effects of aging on the correlation of deglutitive StEso with pharyngeal function.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 33 healthy subjects. Fifteen elderly (age: 75 ± 7 years, 8 female) and 18 nonelderly (age: 50 ± 14 years, 9 F) were evaluated using high resolution manometry/impedance. Nine elderly (73 ± 7 years, 5 F) and eight young (24 ± 3 years, 4 F) were further evaluated by digital videofluoroscopy.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Duration of StEso excursion averaged 2.56 ± 0.65 s in elderly and 2.33 ± 0.41 in young. We identified four periods in StEso motor function during deglutitive excursion: (a) anterosuperior ascent without bolus/peristaltic activity, (b) nonperistaltic bolus receiving function at apogee of StEso excursion during UES opening and pharyngeal peristalsis, (c) peristaltic bolus transport as StEso descends, (d) continued peristalsis in resting position. Apart from the final period described, the periods are significantly different in the elderly compared with the young subjects (p < 0.04). Furthermore, the interaction of striated esophageal flow dynamics and peristaltic contractile vigor showed that a significant correlation (r = -0.71, p = 0.0009) was found when comparing the average bolus injection length to the average SECI in young subjects. This correlation was muted in the elderly and did not reach statistical significance (r = -0.41, p = 0.13).

CONCLUSIONS: Sequencing of StEso/pharyngeal deglutitive motor function is preserved in the elderly. The differences observed in early stages of spatiotemporal mapping of StEso deglutitive motor function when comparing healthy elderly to young populations may be due to age-related suprahyoid muscle weakness since the affected periods are those associated with the active StEso ascent and descent. Like young individuals, elderly pressure signatures currently attributed to the StEso deglutitive motor activity do not represent the entirety of StEso peristalsis.

PMID:42282916 | PMC:PMC13250628 | DOI:10.1155/grp/9920130

Cancer Commun (Lond). 2026 Jun 10;46:0034. doi: 10.34133/cancomm.0034. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Background: ASTRUM-002 met the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) with the combination of serplulimab plus HLX04 (bevacizumab biosimilar) and chemotherapy at interim analysis. Here, we report the results of the final survival analysis. Methods: A total of 636 patients with treatment-naïve, locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) genetic alterations were randomized 1:1:1 to receive serplulimab plus HLX04 and chemotherapy (group A), serplulimab plus HLX04 placebo and chemotherapy (group B), or double placebo plus chemotherapy (group C). Patients and the investigators were blinded to the group assignments. The primary endpoint was blinded independent central review-assessed PFS. Overall survival (OS) was the key secondary endpoint. Results: At the final analysis, median OS was 23.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.5 to 27.5) months, 26.8 (95% CI 21.2 to 30.9) months, and 20.3 (95% CI 16.2 to 24.6) months in groups A (n = 212), B (n = 214), and C (n = 210), respectively. A significant reduction in risk of death for group B compared to group C was observed (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.83; P < 0.001). A total of 79 (37.6%) patients in group C had crossed over to serplulimab plus HLX04 treatment. Median OS in group C adjusted by the 2-stage model was 14.2 months (95% CI 11.9 to 17.0), corresponding to an adjusted HR of 0.53 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.68; P < 0.001) for group B versus group C. Using the rank-preserving structural failure time model, the adjusted median OS in group C was 17.9 months (95% CI 14.2 to 20.3), with a corresponding adjusted HR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.83; P < 0.001). No statistical difference in median OS for group A compared to group B (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.42; P = 0.363) was found. Conclusions: Serplulimab plus chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS and maintained PFS benefit compared to chemotherapy; however, the addition of bevacizumab biosimilar HLX04 did not yield further improvement for the first-line treatment of nsq-NSCLC without EGFR or ALK/ROS1 genetic alterations. Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03952403, date of registration: 2019 May 14).

PMID:42282892 | PMC:PMC13250280 | DOI:10.34133/cancomm.0034