Tag: pubmed

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):892-898. doi: 10.36740/WLek/219914.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the work is to comprehensively assess the impact of indicators of current success of foreign students on the results of passing the licensing exam KROK-2 and its component – the subtest “Hygiene, Public Health”.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective quantitative study was conducted, during which a dataset of foreign students (n=70) with depersonalized records of current performance for the 3rd and 6th years, ECTS scales, traditional grades, the final result of KROK-2 and the subtest “Hygiene, Public Health” (2025) was analyzed. Data processing and modeling were carried out in the Python.

RESULTS: Results: Current success in the 6th year is statistically related to the result of KROK-2, but explains a limited proportion of the variation in the result (R2≈0.13-0.21). Indicators of the 3rd year provide moderate incremental value; the most informative is PC_3% (independent association in the extended model). ECTS (6th year) acts as a suitable risk stratifier: categories D/E are associated with a decrease in the expected result from STEP-2 by approximately 11 percentage points compared to the reference C. Traditional assessments have a clear linear gradient: in the 6th year ≈+8.9 p.p./point, in the 3rd year – ≈+7.3 p.p./point.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The Hygiene, Public health subtest is poorly predicted by overall grades in the 6th year of study, highlighting the need for subject-specific interventions. Multicollinearity between components of the 6th year current control is high; the use of robust and regularized approaches (HC3, PCA/PC1, Ridge, residualization) confirmed the robustness of key findings under alternative specifications.

PMID:42139629 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/219914

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):803-810. doi: 10.36740/WLek/220666.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the clinical course and endoscopic activity features in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease (UDD) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight, and obesity and perform an analysis of the gut microbiome and morphological characteristics of the colonic mucosa in such patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: 259 patients with UDD, hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of Feofaniya Clinical Hospital of the State Administration of Affairs during the period of 2020-2024, were included in the study. Among all patients with DD included in the study, 43 had no metabolic disorders (MD) (DM, overweight, obesity), while 216 presented with varying degrees of MD. All patients underwent total colonoscopy with assessment of endoscopic activity of diverticular inflammation using the Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) score. The clinical course of DD was evaluated according to the classification proposed by the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery in 2021. The microbiome analysis was conducted only in 172 patients who had the financial means to undergo this test. During endoscopic examination of the colon in all patients, mucosal biopsies were obtained from the diverticular orifice. Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used. The obtained digital indicators in the groups were analyzed using statistical methods.

RESULTS: Results: This study evaluated clinical, endoscopic, morphological, and microbiological characteristics of DD in patients with metabolic disorders. A recurrent course of diverticular inflammation was observed more frequently in patients with metabolic dysfunctions. Endoscopic assessment of inflammatory activity correlated with histological changes of colon mucosa and alterations in mucin expression (MUC2 and MUC4). Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in butyrate-producing flora (Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) with predominance of Bacteroidetes in metabolic disorder patients.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The clinical, morphological, microbiological and endoscopic features of DD identified by the authors highlight pathophysiological links between metabolic dysfunction (DM, overweight, obesity) and DD progression.

PMID:42139619 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/220666

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):794-802. doi: 10.36740/WLek/219917.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: Identifying key psychosocial factors that contribute to the development of inclusivity and accessibility among students in contemporary crisis conditions, as well as assessing their impact on readiness for social and professional interaction in an inclusive environment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The materials of the research were based on the results of an anonymous online survey of students from Ukrainian higher education institutions, conducted in the summer semester of 2025 using Google Forms. The questionnaire included blocks of questions aimed at identifying the psychosocial factors influencing the development of inclusivity and accessibility. Descriptive statistics, elements of comparative and correlational analysis, as well as qualitative processing of open-ended responses were used for data analysis, which allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between students> psychosocial resources and their readiness for inclusive and barrier-free interaction.

RESULTS: Results: The development of inclusivity and accessibility among students is formed through a complex interaction of psychosocial factors: personality traits, social environment, interaction experience, and value orientations. Effective development of readiness for inclusive behavior requires a systematic approach that combines theoretical training, practical tasks, and socio-psychological support.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The research findings indicate that the development of inclusivity and accessibility in the student environment is determined by the interaction of personal resources (empathy, tolerance, communication skills), the social environment, participation in communities, family values, the educational context, and experience of living in crisis conditions. Crises can create barriers but at the same time stimulate social empathy, solidarity, and collective support. Effective formation of an inclusive culture requires a comprehensive approach that combines personal development, social integration, and structural changes in the educational environment.

PMID:42139618 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/219917

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):779-787. doi: 10.36740/WLek/216926.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of our study was to perform morphological and morphometric analysis of biopsy specimens of the common and biliopancreatic loops after gastric bypass with a single anastomosis 3, 12, 24 months after surgery, which included measurement of villi length, ratio of villi length to the thickness of the lamina propria layer containing crypts, estimation of the number and distribution of goblet cells, quantification of number crypts and Paneth cells and comparing the changes in the biliopancreatic and common loops.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: This study included 36 patients who underwent bariatric surgery due to morbid obesity. Patients underwent one of the following procedures: long-loop gastric bypass with one anastomosis, distal gastric bypass with one anastomosis, or mini-gastric bypass. Patients underwent EGDS with mucosal biopsy from the common and biliopancreatic loop at 3, 12, 24 months after gastric bypass with one anastomosis, followed by morphologic and morphometric study of biopsy specimens, which was part of our study.

RESULTS: Results: 2 years follow up show statistically significant differences in villus length were observed between the common and biliopancreatic limbs, with the length being greater in the common limb (0.390 ± 0.199 mm) than in the biliopancreatic limb (0.377 ± 0.184 mm) (p < 0.05). These changes may indicate hypertrophy of the villi in the efferent limb to increase the absorptive surface area. The thickness of the basal layer was greater in the biliopancreatic limb than in the common limb, measuring 0.196 ± 0.068 mm versus 0.167 ± 0.043 mm, respectively (p< 0.05). Regulatory functions of Paneth cells were preserved in both groups.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Adaptation of the small intestinal mucosa occurs after gastric bypass with one anastomosis, and these changes are more pronounced in the common loop of the small intestine. The regulatory functions of Paneth cells and their number involve both the common loop and the biliopancreatic region.

PMID:42139616 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/216926

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):771-778. doi: 10.36740/WLek/218761.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: Colon cancer and rectal cancer are collectively called colorectal cancer (CRC), owing to their distinct anatomical, embryological, and functional features. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of various biomarkers, including liver enzymes, lipid levels, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in differentiating between colon and rectal cancers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study included 70 patients with confirmed histopathology of CRC (46 patients with colon cancer (CC) and 24 patients with rectal cancer (RC), and 40 healthy control individuals. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure liver enzymes, lipid levels, and CEA levels via using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

CONCLUSION: Results: No statistically significant age difference (p = 0. 417) was seen in all groups. A statistically significant differences were revealed in the distribution of body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.006): 31.4% of colon cancer patients were overweight, compared to 14.3% of rectal cancer patients and 11.4% categorized as obese. A statistically significant difference was also observed in the distribution of sex (p = 0.0269): 41.4% of colon cancer patients were male, and 24.3% were female, 24.3% of rectal cancer patients were male, and 10% were female. The findings showed that the CEA, liver enzymes, and lipid levels exhibited excellent diagnostic performance for both CC and RC. Conclusions: These results highlight the clinical significance of these biomarkers in routine evaluations which can enhance therapeutic management and early diagnosis ultimately increasing survival and cure rates. KEY WORDS: colon cancer (CC), rectal cancer (RC), liver enzymes, lipid profiles, CEA biomarkers.

PMID:42139615 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/218761

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):755-762. doi: 10.36740/WLek/216923.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of breast cancer with the progression of the tumour process, after complex treatment, depending on the stage of the disease and the molecular type of the tumour, and to determine the prognostic value of each factor.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 701 outpatient records of patients with breast cancer in the long term, after complex treatment, was performed. Patients, depending on the presence of verified breast cancer progression, were divided into two groups – 472 (67.3%) patients ‘without tumour progression’ and 229 (32.7%) patients ‘with tumour progression’. The informativeness of the studied indicators and diagnostic coefficients was determined using the Kullback method. The results were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and the PAST statistical processing software package.

RESULTS: Results: Breast cancer progression occurs more often at stage III of the disease, in Lum.-B, Her/2new+, and Triple-negative tumour types. The progression of breast cancer is characterized by a relatively more extended history of the disease, a larger size of the primary tumour, and a higher percentage of comorbidities. The study of the informativeness of the studied indicators and diagnostic coefficients made it possible to form a table of prognosis of possible progression of breast cancer after complex treatment.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The prognostic model of breast cancer progression enables to obtain the prediction of the absence of tumour progression, uncertain prognosis, and the appearance of the latter, with the sensitivity (Se=75%) and specificity (Sp=75%) of this model.

PMID:42139613 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/216923

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):745-754. doi: 10.36740/WLek/216921.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of psychological preparation methods for future specialists in the security and defense sector in extreme conditions, specifically evaluating emotional and cognitive reactions to stress factors, and exploring the potential of human resources in these conditions to enhance the effectiveness of professional activities.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study involved cadets from Dnipro State University of Internal Affairs, divided into two groups: Group 1 (control, n=120, mean age 18.86±1.25) received standard training, while Group 2 (experimental, n=120, mean age 18.73±1.19) underwent 10 months of specialized training for extreme conditions.

RESULTS: Results: A special training program with crisis models, such as “Technogenic disaster in a combat zone,” led to a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05) after using the Stress Resistance Scale. The Cattell test (16 RF) showed that the experimental group had a higher emotional stability score compared to the control group. Emotional stability test results revealed lower anxiety levels in the experimental group (p<0.01). A framework for “Human Potential Development through Assessment and Adaptation” was developed, focusing on emotional and cognitive reactions. Practical recommendations were provided to improve training programs and enhance psychological resilience for future specialists in the security and defense sector.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Improving special training programs for future specialists in the security and defense sector should integrate physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects, considering individual traits. A systemic approach, including psychological preparation and stress management skills, will enhance psychological resilience, essential for success in extreme conditions.

PMID:42139612 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/216921

Wiad Lek. 2026;79(4):690-699. doi: 10.36740/WLek/218738.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To demonstrate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on hydration by examining hematocrit, blood viscosity, and urine osmolality.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Hydrogen Evodrop rich water (HEW), produced from a patented device with hydrogen concentration therein 900-1200 ppb or 0.9-1.2 ppm, ORP ranging from -450 to -580 mV, and pH=7.1-7.3. Blood viscosity, hematocrit and urine osmolality had been determined in 10 volunteers (five women and five men) during the 21-day period of HEW intake, under standard dietary conditions.

RESULTS: Results: No evidence of erythrocyte agglutination or morphological abnormalities was observed. Urine osmolality in both men and women decreased after HEW consumption, likely due to improved hydration. However, osmolality before the consumption was higher in men compared to women. Both men and women exhibited statistically significant changes in hematocrit and blood viscosity parameters after consuming HEW, which decreased. This suggests improved hydration and reduced blood viscosity.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: These results suggest that measurable hydration effects in the human body may be achieved through regular intake of HEW. The findings of the research support the benefit of the use of HEW in promoting body hydration. The analysis suggests that hematocrit is more closely associated with other factors, such as hydration status and plasma volume following HEW consumption. HEW consumption consistently affected urine osmolality, which may reflect in overall hydration status. Overall, HEW intake produced consistent changes in key hematological and renal hydration markers, indicating favorable effects on blood fluidity and water balance.

PMID:42139605 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/218738

JBRA Assist Reprod. 2026 May 15. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20250185. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is currently utilized in several clinical fields, including infertility treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intraovarian PRP injections in improving reproductive outcomes in women who have previously experienced unsuccessful IVF cycles.

METHODS: In this Open-label Single-Arm Longitudinal clinical trial study, a number of 15 infertile patients, POSEIDON groups 1 and 3 (poor ovarian reserve), with no history of hematological, immunological, hormonal disorders, chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, and kidney failure were investigated. PRP was prepared using a standardized protocol and administered at a dose of 2.5 cc per ovary. Key reproductive parameters, including follicle development, oocyte quality, embryo formation, and endometrial thickness were measured before PRP treatment, immediately after treatment, and three months post-treatment. After collecting and sorting, the data was analyzed using SPSS Ver.26 statistical software.

RESULTS: Nearly 27% of the participants achieved pregnancy, despite previous IVF failures. The findings revealed significant improvements in the median number of follicles larger than 17 millimeters, the number of oocytes, fertilizable oocytes, and endometrial thickness following PRP treatment (p<0.05). The number of embryos formed, as well as the frequency of A or B grade embryos, also increased significantly at three months post-PRP (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Intraovarian PRP injections show potential as an effective treatment for improving reproductive outcomes in women with a history of IVF failures. However, further research with larger sample sizes, control groups, and extended follow-up periods is needed to validate these findings and establish PRP as a standard therapy in reproductive medicine.

PMID:42139603 | DOI:10.5935/1518-0557.20250185

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2026 May;57(5):310-318. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20260320-01. Epub 2026 Apr 21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study reports outcomes of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) surgeries from a vitreoretinal service.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of consecutive patients undergoing secondary IOL implantation between January 2017 and September 2024 by five vitreoretinal surgeons at a single tertiary academic center. Eyes were categorized by secondary IOL type: sulcus IOL, scleral fixated IOL (SFIOL, eg, Yamane technique), scleral sutured IOL (SSIOL, eg, Akreos lens), and anterior chamber IOL (ACIOL). Primary outcomes include intraoperatively identified retinal breaks and postoperative retinal detachments. Secondary outcomes include anesthesia type, case duration, and rates of lens repositioning or exchange due to rotation, dislocation, or other complication, endolaser for retinal tufts/tags, rescued IOL, iridotomy, combination silicone oil removal, air or gas used, and fibrin sealant use. Comparisons between categorical variables were made using the chi-square test of independence or the likelihood ratio if chi-square assumptions were not met. Comparisons between continuous variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. Equal variances were not assumed. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant, with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS: A total of 138 eyes from 136 patients were included in the study (42 ACIOL, 27 sulcus IOL, 43 SFIOL, 26 SSIOL). Retinal tears or holes were intraoperatively identified in nine (6.5%) eyes. Of those, two (1.4%) also had focal retinal detachments (RD). Retinal tags and other suspicious areas of retina were prophylactically lasered in nine (6.5%) cases, and 16 (11.6%) eyes received endolaser retinopexy. Postoperative RD occurred in three cases (2.2%). Eyes with a history of RD or PPV were associated with a lower rate of intraoperatively identified retinal breaks (P = .01 and 0.008, respectively). Rates of iridotomy differed significantly between IOL types (P < .001). ACIOLs were associated with worse vision at POM3 and higher rates of postoperative CME (P = .002). SSIOLs were associated with higher rates of vitreous hemorrhage (P < .001). Among SFIOL cases, three (7.0%) developed severe IOL rotation, and all required repeat IOL surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: Secondary IOL surgery performed by vitreoretinal surgeons was associated with a lower rate of intraoperative retinal breaks and postoperative RD compared to previous reports. There was a trend towards lower rates of intraoperatively identified retinal breaks in eyes with prior RD or PPV. Some IOL types were associated with higher rates of postoperative complications such as CME and vitreous hemorrhage.

PMID:42139587 | DOI:10.3928/23258160-20260320-01