Tag: pubmed

Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2026 Jan 31:207640251414176. doi: 10.1177/00207640251414176. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The ongoing war on Gaza has a devastating impact on Palestinians, particularly on their psychological well-being.

AIMS: To assess mental health disorders and coping strategies among Palestinians displaced to Egypt during the 2023 Gaza war.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study included Palestinian refugees older than 18 years. Impact of Event Scale-6, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form were used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and coping mechanisms, respectively.

RESULTS: Among the 558 participants, 62.2% were females, with a mean age of 33.91 ± 11.84 years. Prevalence rates of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were 37.5%, 94.1%, and 94.8%, respectively. Emotion disengagement was the most adopted coping strategy. Multiple linear regression showed that PTSD was positively associated with being female, anxiety, depression, and the use of problem engagement, problem disengagement, and emotion disengagement coping strategies. Very good financial status and difficulty accessing healthcare were negatively associated with PTSD. Anxiety was associated with older age, being female, difficulty finding a job, war-related injury, PTSD, depression, and problem disengagement, while emotion engagement was protective. Depression was associated with a family history of mental illness, housing difficulties, emotion disengagement, anxiety, and PTSD, while problem engagement and being female were protective.

CONCLUSIONS: Context-sensitive psychosocial interventions that strengthen coping strategies are essential to alleviate the psychological burden among this vulnerable population.

PMID:41618696 | DOI:10.1177/00207640251414176

Health Inf Manag. 2026 Jan 31:18333583251413652. doi: 10.1177/18333583251413652. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study shares insights from clinical trialists who have conducted investigator-initiated trials that have linked trial data to administrative data, focusing on the challenges and facilitators of this approach.

OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations for evaluating the feasibility and suitability of using administrative data in clinical trials.

METHOD: A convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted, surveying Australian clinical trialists and operations staff. Participants could opt-in to in-depth interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis was applied to interview data, with findings integrated during interpretation.

RESULTS: Four main themes and 10 sub-themes were identified as critical when evaluating the suitability of administrative data for clinical trials: (i) “trial management considerations” covers operational factors like budgeting, timelines and staffing; (ii) “assessing burdens vs. gains” encourages weighing up the research benefits with the additional operational and consent considerations; (iii) “data preparation and analysis” addresses the processes involved in preparing and analysing data for linkage between trial and administrative datasets; and (iv) “training and support” emphasises the need for researcher support when using linked data.

CONCLUSION: Researchers should carefully evaluate the feasibility of using administrative data, considering costs, required skills, timelines and data accuracy. They must also be prepared for delays due to data request processes, participant consent requirements and the mandated use of data access platforms. Early planning can mitigate later complexities.Implications for health information management practice:This study highlights the value of health information managers in clinical research, particularly in managing electronic health records and clinical coding. Their expertise in these areas, as well as in data governance and system architecture, can support clinical trials that link to administrative data.

PMID:41618687 | DOI:10.1177/18333583251413652

Pak J Biol Sci. 2025 Dec;28(12):765-772. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2025.765.772.

ABSTRACT

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Antimicrobial resistance has created a demand for alternative therapeutic agents derived from natural products. <i>Balikpapan ginger</i> (<i>Etlingera balikpapanensis</i> A.D. Poulsen) is an underexplored species with potential medicinal value. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of its stem extract against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2%. The diameters of inhibition zones were measured and results were analyzed statistically to assess dose-dependent effects. <b>Results:</b> The extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> and notable antifungal activity against <i>C. albicans</i>. Inhibition zones increased proportionally with extract concentration, with the highest activity observed at 2%. The antimicrobial effect is attributed to the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extract. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Balikpapan ginger</i> stem extract demonstrates promising antibacterial and antifungal potential, supporting its application as a natural antimicrobial agent in health-related fields. Further studies are recommended to isolate active compounds and evaluate <i>in vivo</i> efficacy.

PMID:41618677 | DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2025.765.772

Pak J Biol Sci. 2025 Dec;28(12):735-748. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2025.735.748.

ABSTRACT

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants constitute a valuable yet underinvestigated source of bioactive secondary metabolites. &lt;i&gt;Tinospora cordifolia&lt;/i&gt;, a widely respected ethnomedicinal plant, harbors diverse microbial endophytes with strong therapeutic potential. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic actinomycetes from &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt;, identify their major metabolites and evaluate the antibacterial, anticancer and molecular inhibitory properties of the purified compounds. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Actinomycetes were isolated from surface-sterilized root, stem and leaf tissues using selective media. The most potent isolate, TTCF1, was identified through morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioactive metabolites were extracted and purified via column chromatography, followed by structural characterization using advanced spectroscopic techniques. Antibacterial activity was assessed by determining MIC and MBC values against human pathogens, including MRSA. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on HeLa, HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, along with Vero cells as the non-cancerous control. Molecular docking was performed against EGFR, accompanied by ADMET property prediction. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s &lt;i&gt;post hoc&lt;/i&gt; test (p<0.05). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Ten actinomycete isolates were obtained, all exclusively from root tissues. The strongest producer, TTCF1, showed 99.54% 16S rRNA similarity to &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces triticiradicis&lt;/i&gt;. Chemical analysis yielded two diketopiperazines: Cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Tyr) and Cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Leu). Both compounds demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens (MIC 32-64 μg/mL) and cytotoxicity toward cancer cell lines (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 58.16-362.71 μg/mL). Compound 1 showed selective toxicity toward HepG2 cells and exhibited stronger predicted EGFR binding affinity (-7.188 kcal/mol) than the reference inhibitor AQ4 (-6.703 kcal/mol). The ADMET profiles indicated good oral absorption. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces triticiradicis&lt;/i&gt; TTCF1 is a promising source of pharmacologically relevant diketopiperazines. Cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Tyr) emerges as a potential lead molecule with notable antimicrobial and selective anticancer activity, supported by strong EGFR-binding predictions.

PMID:41618675 | DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2025.735.748

Urol J. 2026 Jan 11. doi: 10.22037/uj.v23i00.8655. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The prognosis and clinical management of bladder tumors nearly occupying the entire bladder cavity remain poorly defined due to limited available data. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients presenting with bladder tumors nearly filling the bladder at initial diagnosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining ethical approval, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2024 with primary bladder tumors nearly filling the bladder. All underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The clinical and pathological were analyzed data using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: The mean age was 76.24 ± 11.7 years, with a median follow-up of 9.73 months (range: 3-84 months). Hematuria was the most frequent symptom (74.5%). Muscle-invasive disease was identified in 43.1% of cases at initial diagnosis, exceeding the 25% generally reported in newly diagnosed bladder cancer cohorts (P < .001). Complete resection was achieved in 68.6%, while 31.4% required re-TURBT. Among patients initially diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive tumors, 31.1% were found to have muscle invasion upon second resection. Treatments comprised intravesical immunotherapy (48.6%), radical cystectomy (25.7%), chemoradiation (14.3%), and systemic chemotherapy (11.4%).

CONCLUSION: Bladder tumors nearly filling the bladder cavity are associated with high rates of muscle invasion and pose significant challenges in treatment and management. Larger, prospective multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize management in this high-risk population.

PMID:41618669 | DOI:10.22037/uj.v23i00.8655

Urol J. 2026 Jan 11. doi: 10.22037/uj.v23i00.8586. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of super mını percutaneous nephrolıthotomy (smPCNL) with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for stones 1- 2 cm. Material and Methods: After receiving the ethics committee approval for this study (Date: 10/09/2021 Decision No: 2021/10-01), the files of patients who underwent smPCNL and ESWL for kidney stones between January 2017 and June 2021 by the Urology Department of Van YYU Dursun Odabaşı Medical Center were retrospectively scanned. A total of 300 patients’ data were scanned retrospectively. After exclusion criteria and ESWL patients whose sessions were not completed were excluded, a total of 159 patients, 82 ESWL and 77 smPCNL, were included in our study.

RESULTS: The mean age in the ESWL group was 6.72±3.71, and the mean age in the smPCNL group was 6.63±3.59 (1-18). There was no significant difference in age profile between the groups (p=.87). Regarding the direction of the stone procedure in the smPCNL group, the procedure was performed on the right side in 42 patients (54.54%) and on the left side in 35 patients (45.46%). In the ESWL group, the procedure was performed on the right side in 38 patients (46.35%) and on the left side in 44 patients (53.65%). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of side direction (p=.38). The mean BMI(Body Mass Index) in the ESWL group was 20.10±2.01, while it was 20.23±2.05 in the smPCNL group.No statistically significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of BMI (p=.68). The mean stone size in the ESWL group was calculated as 13.74±1.91 mm (10-20 mm) and 149.75±45.46 mm², which would provide more accurate results. The mean value in the smPCNL group was 14.064±2.6 mm (10-20 mm) and 150.879±50.34 mm². No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of stone size (p=(mm)=.37, p=(mm²)=.88). Among 82 patients treated with ESWL, 21 (25.6%) were stone-free after the first session, increasing to 40 (48.8%) by the end of the second session and to 50 (61.0%) at the end of the third session. In terms of sedo-analgesia, 19 (23.20%) were exposed to 1 session, 16 (19.5%)ere exposed to 2 sessions, and 31 (37.80%) were exposed to 3 sessions. 16 (19.5%) patients did not receive anesthesia. When evaluated in terms of the need for re-intervention, it was observed as 22 patients (26.8%) in the ESWL group and 4 patients (5.2%) in the smPCNL group (p=.0003). In the comparison of stone-free rate of smPCNL and ESWL groups, a statistically significant difference was observed in both early and late periods (p=,001). When comparing the early and late periods of smPCNL (p=.79) and ESWL(p=.19) within their own groups, no statistical difference was observed. When smPCNL and ESWL were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification in terms of complications, no statistically significant difference was observed (p=,51).

CONCLUSION: ESWL remains the preferred first-line option for many pediatric patients due to its safety and non-invasive nature. However, smPCNL provides higher single-session stone-free rates for 10-20 mm renal stones and may reduce repeated anesthesia exposure. SmPCNL should be considered a viable first-line alternative to achieve higher stone-free rates without increasing complication risk. Prospective, multicenter randomized trials are warranted.

PMID:41618667 | DOI:10.22037/uj.v23i00.8586

Eur J Pain. 2026 Feb;30(2):e70213. doi: 10.1002/ejp.70213.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether sponsorship influences the reporting of positive results and the occurrence of selective outcome reporting (SOR) in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacologic interventions for postoperative pain management following third molar extraction.

METHODS: This meta-research included RCTs comparing at least one active drug with placebo, two active drugs, or combination thereof, and reporting outcomes related to pain reduction after third molar extraction. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science without date restrictions and last search was performed on 2024 August. Study selection was performed in Rayyan QCRI, with two independent reviewers screening titles, abstracts and full texts. Data extraction was also conducted independently by two reviewers, collecting information on year of publication, trial design, number of groups, placebo comparisons, sample size (number of patients/teeth), follow-up losses, statistical significance of results, protocol registration and funding disclosures. Selective outcome reporting was assessed by comparing registered protocols with published outcomes. Associations between sponsorship status and both SOR and positive result reporting were analysed using chi-square test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: A total of 430 RCTs were included. No association was found between sponsorship status and SOR (p = 0.861), nor between sponsorship status and the reporting of positive results (p = 0.241).

CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, sponsorship was not associated with either selective outcome reporting or the likelihood of reporting positive results in RCTs on postoperative pain management after third molar extraction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The absence of sponsorship bias in RCTs on third molar extraction suggests that industry-funded and non-sponsored studies provide comparably reliable evidence, supporting clinicians in making unbiased, evidence-based decisions for postoperative pain management in third molar surgery.

PMID:41618646 | DOI:10.1002/ejp.70213

Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2026 Jan 30:10499091261422382. doi: 10.1177/10499091261422382. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundChemotherapy at the end of life may not extend survival and can diminish quality of life. Understanding patterns of use is critical to ensuring equitable, patient-centered care.ObjectiveTo examine racial and ethnic disparities in chemotherapy receipt within 30 days of death among patients with colon cancer, and whether these disparities changed over time.DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database, identifying patients with colon cancer who died within 30 days between 2004 and 2021. The final sample included 43 490 patients. The primary outcome was chemotherapy receipt within 30 days of death. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographics, insurance, comorbidities, facility characteristics, and socioeconomic factors. A difference-in-differences approach compared 2 periods: 2004-2012 and 2013-2021.ResultsAmong 43 490 patients (mean age, 75.6 years; 51.1% female), 1275 (2.9%) received chemotherapy near death. Adjusted analyses found no statistically significant racial or ethnic differences in use. However, Asian American patients had a marginally increased likelihood of receiving chemotherapy over time compared with non-Hispanic White patients (interaction OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.95-5.32; P = .065). Older age (≥80 years: OR, 0.12), higher comorbidity burden (Charlson-Deyo score ≥2: OR, 0.61), and uninsured status were associated with lower odds of treatment. Private insurance (OR, 1.67) and treatment at comprehensive cancer centers were associated with higher odds.ConclusionWhile overt racial disparities were not observed, disparities by insurance and facility type point to structural inequities that should be addressed in future quality improvement efforts.

PMID:41618641 | DOI:10.1177/10499091261422382

Glob Public Health. 2026 Dec 31;21(1):2624148. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2026.2624148. Epub 2026 Jan 30.

ABSTRACT

The United States is experiencing a resurgence of measles, a highly contagious disease previously declared eliminated in 2000. This article examines the current trends of this resurgence, focusing on the increasing number of cases and outbreaks, the factors contributing to low vaccination rates, and the critical role of vaccine hesitancy. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as of May 15, 2025, are presented, highlighting the significant increase in measles activity and the concentration of cases within outbreaks. The analysis explores the epidemiological characteristics of these outbreaks, including severity and transmission dynamics, and examines the decline in national MMR vaccine coverage. Finally, the article discusses evidence-based strategies to enhance vaccine accessibility, combat misinformation, and improve outbreak response, emphasizing the urgent need for a coordinated public health approach to mitigate future outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations.

PMID:41618620 | DOI:10.1080/17441692.2026.2624148

Paediatr Anaesth. 2026 Jan 30. doi: 10.1002/pan.70139. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41618612 | DOI:10.1002/pan.70139