Tag: pubmed

Hernia. 2026 May 25;30(1):228. doi: 10.1007/s10029-026-03690-y.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Retromuscular mesh placement is recommended for incisional hernia repair, but the current certainty of evidence remains low. This study aimed to compare the risk of reoperation for recurrence among adults undergoing incisional hernia repair with onlay, retromuscular, preperitoneal, and intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM).

METHODS: This study used prospectively collected data from the Danish Ventral Hernia Database that were linked to the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish Civil Registration System. We included patients undergoing elective incisional hernia repair with defect widths ≤ 10 cm operated between 2007 and 2025. The primary outcome was reoperation for recurrence, analyzed using Cox regression, and included subgroup analyses of defect width, surgical approach, and type of previous incision.

RESULTS: In total, 5,375 patients were included, of whom 14% received a preperitoneal mesh placement, 22% retromuscular placement, 30% IPOM with defect closure, and 34% onlay placement. Compared with preperitoneal placement, onlay was associated with a higher risk of reoperation (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.73-3.95; p < 0.001). Onlay was associated with a higher risk than all other placements. However, this association was not observed in subgroup analyses for defect widths ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.058), in which retromuscular placement was associated with a significantly increased risk of reoperation.

CONCLUSION: Onlay mesh placement for defect widths > 2 cm and retromuscular mesh placement for defect widths ≤ 2 cm were associated with higher risk of reoperation for recurrence.

PMID:42184040 | DOI:10.1007/s10029-026-03690-y

Support Care Cancer. 2026 May 25;34(6):578. doi: 10.1007/s00520-026-10829-1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The relationship between financial hardship and pain in cancer survivors remains poorly understood, with limited evidence linking financial hardship to pain outcomes.

METHODS: This nationwide web-based cross-sectional study examined the relationship between pain and financial hardship in French cancer survivors. Data were collected between January 27 and March 20, 2023, through 12 cancer associations and 12 Facebook groups. Primary outcomes were financial hardship (QLQ-C30) and pain status (BPI-SF). Secondary measures included pain characteristics, socio-professional categories and clinical factors, specific items of social precariousness, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life.

RESULTS: The sample included 1,012 survivors (82.6% female; mean age 55.2 ± 11.1 years), with breast cancer the most frequent (61.6%), and 50.4% undergoing anticancer treatment. Financial hardship was more prevalent among those with pain (OR: 2.7, 95% CI [2.1-3.6]), and financial hardship scores correlated with pain scores (Spearman’s rho: 0.28, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations between financial hardship and pain severity (mild pain: OR: 1.57, 95% CI [1.08-2.29]; moderate pain: OR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.43-3.13]; severe pain: OR: 2.87, 95% CI [1.59-5.16]), particularly among individuals who had completed anticancer treatment, as well as with younger age, living alone, anxiety, depression, and socio-professional categories such as entrepreneurs, employees, and unemployed individuals.

CONCLUSIONS: Financial hardship is associated with pain severity. Younger survivors, those living alone, those with psychological distress, and those post-treatment seem more vulnerable. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and research to reduce financial and psychosocial disparities in cancer survivorship.

PMID:42184033 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-026-10829-1

Histochem Cell Biol. 2026 May 25;164(1):40. doi: 10.1007/s00418-026-02494-6.

ABSTRACT

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in regenerative medicine owing to their differentiation potential and paracrine effects. Although numerous tissues have been identified as sources of MSCs, the search for novel, noninvasive sources continues. To date, the stem cell content of colostrum has not been investigated. To address this gap, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate the biological properties, proliferative dynamics, and functional potential of cell populations derived from colostrum and mature milk. Cells isolated from both sources (n = 3) were morphologically assessed under in vitro culture conditions and were induced to undergo multilineage differentiation. Phenotypic characterization was performed by flow cytometric analysis. Proliferation capacity was assessed by determining population doubling time (PDT) and performing colony formation assays, while cell viability was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cells initially exhibited an epithelial-like morphology and adopted a fibroblast-like phenotype after passaging. Colostrum-derived and mature milk-derived cells displayed multilineage differentiation potential, and flow cytometric profiling confirmed the presence of cells positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 in both sources. Colostrum-derived cells exhibited higher cell densities; however, population doubling times showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. MTT analysis demonstrated a progressive increase in metabolic activity in both groups, with colostrum-derived cells exhibiting significantly higher optical density values from day 2 onward. No statistically significant difference in colony-forming efficiency was observed between the groups. Consequently, these preliminary findings suggest that colostrum may harbor cell populations exhibiting MSC-like properties and could represent a potential area of interest for MSC research.

PMID:42184018 | DOI:10.1007/s00418-026-02494-6

Neuroradiol J. 2026 Jun;39(3):280-289. doi: 10.1177/19714009251387296. Epub 2025 Oct 14.

ABSTRACT

IntroductionPreoperative embolization reduces intraoperative blood loss (IBL) in meningioma treatment, but the optimal embolic material remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the effectiveness and safety of particle versus liquid embolic agents in the preoperative embolization of meningiomas.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus were searched for studies comparing particles and liquid embolic agents in patients undergoing preoperative embolization of meningiomas. Primary outcomes included the degree of devascularization, IBL, ischemic events, and overall complications. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I. Statistical analyses were conducted using R.ResultsThe analysis included four studies, covering a total of 1827 patients. Particles were associated with a significantly lower incidence of operative complications (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.20-0.62; p < 0.001; I² = 0.0%). The other outcomes did not differ between groups. Regarding IBL, no significant difference was observed between particulate and liquid embolic agents (MD = -65.01 mL; 95% CI -237.01-107.00; p = 0.46; I² = 77.8%).ConclusionOur systematic review and meta-analysis indicate no significant differences between particulate and embolic agents; however, particulate agents were associated with a lower incidence of overall complications, suggesting a potential advantage in perioperative safety.

PMID:42184015 | DOI:10.1177/19714009251387296

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2026 May 25. doi: 10.1007/s40368-026-01227-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the updated prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) amongst preschool children, and examine associations with parental socioeconomic characteristics, perceptions and knowledge.

METHODS: In 2024, 815 children aged 4-5 years from 8 preschools in Yangon were examined using ICDAS II criteria. Parents completed a structured questionnaire assessing socioeconomic status, perceptions of child health, and knowledge across three domains. ECC prevalence (ICDAS d^1-6) and severity (d⁰, d^1-2, d^3-6) in relation to parental factors were analysed using Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and logistic regressions.

RESULTS: ECC prevalence was 96.2%, with 8.2% presenting non-cavitated and 88.0% cavitated lesions. Paternal education was significantly associated with both ECC prevalence (p = 0.030) and severity (p = 0.024) and remained the only significant associated factor in adjusted models. Parents who rated their child’s oral health as “fair or poor” had children with higher ECC severity (p < 0.001). Parental perception was a significant factor in univariable models for both non-cavitated lesions (95% CI 1.03, 1.79) and cavitated lesions (95% CI 1.04, 4.48), although the association for cavitated lesions lost statistical significance after adjustment. Parental knowledge scores were not statistically significantly related to ECC outcomes.

CONCLUSION: ECC burden amongst Myanmar preschool children remains extremely high. Paternal education and parental perception of child oral health were key factors associated with ECC severity. Strengthening father-inclusive oral health education, enhancing parental awareness, and expanding preschool preventive programmes are recommended to address Myanmar’s severe ECC burden.

PMID:42183987 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-026-01227-6

Ir J Med Sci. 2026 May 25. doi: 10.1007/s11845-026-04463-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Functional mobility impairment is common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and affects daily functioning.

AIM: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the L Test, a measure commonly used to assess functional mobility, across different levels of disease severity in individuals with MS.

METHODS: A total of 35 individuals with clinically confirmed MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 0-3.5 were recruited. Participants with EDSS scores between 0 and 1.5 were assigned to Group 1, while those with scores between 2-3.5 constituted Group 2. To determine inter-rater reliability, the L Test was administered on the same day by two independent physiotherapists.

RESULTS: Group 1 comprised 17 participants with a mean age of 40.82 ± 13.62 years, while Group 2 included 18 participants with a mean age of 48.44 ± 8.89 years. The test-retest reliability of the L Test was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.999-1.000). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the L Test had a very high discriminative ability in differentiating between the two groups (AUC = 0.997). Correlation analyses revealed a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between the L Test and the TUG Test in both groups (Group 1: r = 0.712, p = 0.001; Group 2: r = 0.856, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the L Test is a valid and reliable tool for assessing functional mobility in individuals with MS presenting with varying functional levels.

PMID:42183986 | DOI:10.1007/s11845-026-04463-3

Mol Ecol Resour. 2026 May;26(4):e70142. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.70142.

ABSTRACT

Analysing large population genomic datasets requires an interdisciplinary skillset. Beyond a knowledge base in genetics and population biology, population genomic analyses involve computer science and statistics, representing a barrier for researchers without experience in those fields. PopGenHelpR seeks to lower this barrier by enabling researchers to perform population genomic analyses and generate near-publication quality figures in a streamlined and informed fashion. PopGenHelpR allows users to estimate genetic diversity within populations as well as differentiation among populations and individuals from single nucleotide polymorphism data. PopGenHelpR includes commonly used measures such as observed heterozygosity and F_ST. PopGenHelpR also provides five previously unavailable measures of heterozygosity, including the proportion of heterozygous loci and homozygosity by locus. Additionally, PopGenHelpR integrates widely used visualization tools in population genomics that normally require additional software packages, such as ancestry bar charts, piechart maps, and genetic differentiation heatmaps. Moreover, PopGenHelpR is minimally dependent on other R packages, reducing its chance of being removed from public networks. The PopGenHelpR website also provides tutorials and educational resources. Altogether, PopGenHelpR provides resources for informed analyses and effective visualization, making PopGenHelpR a valuable tool for many researchers. PopGenHelpR is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network and GitHub (https://github.com/kfarleigh/PopGenHelpR).

PMID:42183976 | DOI:10.1111/1755-0998.70142

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 May 25;198(6):647. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15445-4.

ABSTRACT

Aquatic environments receiving anthropogenic inputs can act as reservoirs for opportunistic microorganisms and antifungal resistance, representing a potential environmental and public health concern. This study evaluated microbial contamination and antifungal susceptibility patterns in surface waters along a rural-urban gradient in a subtropical watershed using an integrated environmental monitoring approach. Physicochemical parameters and conventional microbial (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and heterotrophic bacteria) were quantified, and yeast abundance was determined using CHROMagar™ Candida. A total of 327 yeast isolates were evaluated for susceptibility to itraconazole (ITZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) using the CLSI M27-A4 broth microdilution method. Urban sites exhibited markedly higher microbial contamination compared with rural areas, with Enterococcus spp. reaching 36,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 ml and E. coli 19,863 most probable number (MPN)/100 ml. Yeast densities reached up to 351 CFU/100 ml in urban samples, exceeding concentrations typically reported for oligotrophic aquatic systems. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed a high frequency of resistance among environmental isolates, ITZ (44.3%) compared with FCZ (24.46%). Statistical analyses indicated no significant spatial or seasonal differences in resistance patterns (p > 0.05), whereas resistance to ITZ was significantly higher than to FCZ (p < 0.001). The results indicate that anthropogenic pressure in urbanized watersheds may contribute to increased microbial contamination and the occurrence of antifungal-resistant yeasts in surface waters. This suggests a potential environmental pathway for the dissemination of resistance traits. The integration of conventional microbial indicators, environmental yeast monitoring, and antifungal susceptibility profiling provides a practical framework for environmental surveillance.

PMID:42183952 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15445-4

Arch Osteoporos. 2026 May 25;21(1):84. doi: 10.1007/s11657-026-01719-4.

ABSTRACT

Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis may show higher levels of orthorexic tendencies than healthy peers. These tendencies were associated with lower lumbar spine bone density but not with mood or body image measures. The findings suggest that maladaptive health-focused behaviors may be present in this population.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate orthorexic tendencies in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared to healthy controls and to investigate the associations between orthorexic tendencies, body appreciation, and mood-related symptoms.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 128 participants (64 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 64 healthy controls). Femoral neck and L1-L4 T-scores and bone mineral density (BMD) values were obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements performed within the previous six months. Orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the Orthorexia Nervosa Scale-11 (ORTO-11), symptoms related to depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and body satisfaction was assessed using the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS).

RESULTS: ORTO-11 scores were significantly lower in the osteoporotic group compared to healthy controls (p = 0.041), indicating more pronounced orthorexic tendencies. Although the prevalence of clinically significant orthorexic tendencies (ORTO-11 ≤ 27) was higher in the osteoporotic group (68.8%) than in controls (54.7%), this difference did not reach statistical significance. ORTO-11 scores showed positive correlations with lumbar spine T-scores (r = 0.202, p = 0.022) and BMD values (r = 0.210, p = 0.017), whereas no association was observed with femoral neck measurements. Orthorexic tendencies were not correlated with anxiety, depression, or body appreciation scores. In contrast, depressive and anxiety symptoms were negatively correlated with body appreciation.

CONCLUSION: Orthorexic tendencies may be more common in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. These findings suggest that maladaptive healthy eating behaviors may be present in this population.

PMID:42183951 | DOI:10.1007/s11657-026-01719-4

Pharmacoecon Open. 2026 May 25. doi: 10.1007/s41669-026-00660-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Survival data from pivotal clinical trials are critical for estimating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). However, immature survival data require extrapolation beyond observed follow-up to project outcomes, introducing potential prediction error into QALY estimates used in economic evaluations. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) present unique extrapolation challenges due to delayed responses and extended survival benefits. We therefore quantify the QALY prediction error of early extrapolations by benchmarking them against updated follow-up at a common time horizon.

METHODS: Using reconstructed individual patient data derived from published Kaplan-Meier curves of pivotal trials, this study assessed the accuracy of early survival extrapolations for ICIs approved in China by comparing early projections with QALYs obtained from updated data at the same horizon. A partitioned-survival framework using overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) informed state occupancy, and QALYs were obtained via restricted mean survival time (RMST) integration of health-state utilities at the target horizon. Statistical analyses evaluated bias, precision, and agreement between extrapolated and updated QALY estimates. Linear regression and sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of target extrapolation horizon (T) on prediction error.

RESULTS: In total, 14 randomized controlled trials (4839 patients) were included for analysis. The mean deviation between extrapolated and observed QALYs was – 0.01 (95% CI – 0.03 to 0.01), with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.03 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.04). Strong agreement existed between extrapolated and updated QALYs (Spearman’s ρ = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, P < 0.001). Consistently, OS extrapolations showed minimal deviation (MAE: 0.56 months), while PFS tended to be underestimated (MAE: 1.91 months). Moreover, predictive error increased significantly with longer extrapolation periods for QALY (MAE increase: 0.011 QALY/year, P = 0.004) and OS (MAE increase: 0.342 months/year, P = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONS: Near-horizon QALY prediction error was modest on average but increased with longer target extrapolation horizons. These findings support transparent reporting of extrapolation uncertainty and suggest that structured evidence reassessment may be particularly valuable as longer follow-up becomes available.

PMID:42183942 | DOI:10.1007/s41669-026-00660-z