Tag: pubmed

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2026 Mar;9(2):e70172. doi: 10.1002/edm2.70172.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) commonly co-occurs with diabetes, but comparative risk across type 1 diabetes (DM1), type 2 diabetes (DM2) and non-diabetic groups-and the role of body mass index (BMI)-remains uncertain.

METHODS: Using All of Us Research Program data, adults were classified as DM1, DM2 or non-diabetic. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds of MDD adjusting for age, sex at birth, race and ethnicity; BMI was added in secondary models. Effect modification by sex and race was tested. Structural equation modelling (SEM) assessed whether BMI statistically explained group differences.

RESULTS: In models excluding BMI, both DM1 and non-diabetic participants had higher odds of MDD than DM2 (DM1 vs. DM2: OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.17-1.99; non-diabetic vs. DM2: OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.16-1.25). Interactions by sex and race were significant; contrasts were stronger among females and heterogeneous across race strata. Adding BMI yielded directionally consistent group estimates and confirmed an independent association of higher BMI with higher MDD odds. SEM indicated statistical suppression for the non-diabetic vs. DM2 contrast: non-diabetic status related to lower BMI, while higher BMI related to higher MDD, producing a small indirect effect (~8%). The indirect path for DM1 vs. DM2 was non-significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with DM2, both DM1 and non-diabetic groups show higher adjusted odds of MDD. BMI is independently related to MDD but only modestly-and partly suppressively-accounts for the non-diabetic vs. DM2 contrast. Findings support subgroup-aware screening and the need for longitudinal data to clarify mechanisms.

PMID:41673527 | DOI:10.1002/edm2.70172

J Prosthodont. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1111/jopr.70107. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study evaluated film thickness, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and crown retentive strength of hydraulic fast-set calcium silicate cement (fast-set CSC) compared to conventional luting cements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fast-set CSC was compared to zinc phosphate cement and glass ionomer cement. Film thickness was measured according to ISO 9917-1:2007. DTS was evaluated using cylindrical samples (n = 6 per group), which were kept in a humid environment for 7 days. Crown retentive strength was evaluated by cementing metal crowns onto prepared extracted molars (n = 21 per group), followed by 10,000 thermal cycling and a pull-off test. Failures were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed.

RESULTS: All cements exhibited film thicknesses below 25 µm: 10 ± 4 µm for glass ionomer, 14 ± 6 µm for zinc phosphate, and 22 ± 2 µm for fast-set CSC. Zinc phosphate cement demonstrated a statistically significant lower DTS value (4.8 ± 1.7 MPa) than glass ionomer cement (8.7 ± 3.1 MPa), while fast-set CSC (7.1 ± 0.8 MPa) showed no significant difference compared with either material. Crown retentive strength did not significantly differ among the cements (p = 0.11), with zinc phosphate cement showing the lowest value (2.7 ± 1.1 MPa), without a statistically significant difference with glass ionomer (3.6 ± 1.9 MPa) and fast-set CSC (3.5 ± 1.3 MPa). Mixed failures were predominant in all groups.

CONCLUSION: Fast-set CSC demonstrated acceptable film thickness with DTS and crown retentive strength comparable to zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements, showing promise for clinical potential in crown cementation, warranting further studies.

PMID:41673526 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.70107

HIV Med. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1111/hiv.70207. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The Dat’AIDS score was developed to predict 5-year mortality risk in people living with HIV aged 60 and older. However, its validity in people living with HIV aged 70 years and older needed confirmation.

METHODS: This was a multicentre prospective cohort study in the Dat’AIDS French cohort. We calculated the Dat’AIDS score and Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) indices 1.0 and 2.0 in people living with HIV aged 70 or older, at their first medical visit between 01/06/2014 and 31/12/2017. Participants were followed until 31 December 2019 (before the COVID-19 era). Discrimination and calibration of the Dat’AIDS score were assessed using Harrell’s C-statistic and comparisons of predicted versus observed survival probabilities. The comparison of the discriminative capacity of the Dat’AIDS score with the VACS indices was performed.

RESULTS: A total of 1330 participants (75.5% male, median age: 73.7 years, median time since HIV diagnosis: 21.7 years, median time under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART): 19.9 years, median CD4 cell count: 553 cells/μL, HIV-1 RNA ≤50 copies/mL: 88.7%) were included. Overall, 221 (16.6%) deaths were recorded during 5598 patient-years of follow-up. The Dat’AIDS score showed good discrimination (C-statistic: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.68-0.75]). Calibration was good except for the moderate-risk group (5% difference). The Dat’AIDS score showed better discrimination than VACS 1.0 and 2.0 with albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) normal value imputation (C-statistic: 0.72 vs. 0.69 for both) and was similar to VACS 2.0 without imputation (0.72 vs. 0.71), that could be calculated in 99.1%, 98.6% and 34.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The Dat’AIDS score showed good discrimination and calibration in people living with HIV aged 70 years and older, providing an easy and valuable tool for clinical decision-making and research.

PMID:41673495 | DOI:10.1111/hiv.70207

Mol Psychiatry. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1038/s41380-026-03484-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mendelian Randomization (MR) has become an essential tool in psychiatric research offering valuable insights into the causal relationships underlying risks and consequences of psychiatric conditions. This method utilizes genetic data to infer causal effects, effectively reducing biases commonly encountered in traditional observational studies. By leveraging genetic information, MR helps to identify potential risk factors for psychiatric conditions, paving the way for more effective interventions. However, to draw reliable and meaningful conclusions from MR studies, several critical concepts must be carefully evaluated. These include instrument selection, the magnitude of effect, the strength of the causal evidence, generalizability across diverse populations, and the clinical relevance of findings. This review will explore these key concepts in depth with illustrative examples providing a comprehensive and accessible guide for clinicians and scientists to understand and interpret psychiatric MR findings. Additionally, we will discuss novel emerging techniques, such as advanced statistical methods and the integration of high-dimensional genomic data, highlighting their potential impact on the progression of MR studies. The overall aim of this review is to foster a deeper understanding of its application in psychiatric research, ultimately enhancing its ability to unravel the intricacies of psychiatric disorders and inform personalized treatment strategies.

PMID:41673464 | DOI:10.1038/s41380-026-03484-9

Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39536-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow along with heat and mass transfer behavior of Casson-type hybrid nanofluid through aluminum oxide ([Formula: see text]) as well as titanium dioxide ([Formula: see text]) nanoparticles dispersed throughout engine oil, a thermally stable functioning fluid that is used in utmost industrialized thermal exchanger applications. The advanced model incorporates the collective influences of heat radiation, Darcy-Forchheimer permeable media resistance, magnetic field-heating, and activation energy under nonlinear chemical reaction circumstances. Employing similarity transformations, the intricate governing equations are streamlined to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that are numerically solved by means of the Bvp4c solver. The numerical solutions attained via the Bvp4c algorithm are employed for training a Morlet Wavelet Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization as well as Neural Network Algorithm (MWNN-PSO-NNA), through improving prediction robustness as well as generality behavior. The results show that strengthening the magnetic field leads to a decrease in the velocity distribution whereas thermal radiation growth in temperature, via variations falling within the range of 15-25% across the flow domain. Raising activation energy nearly 30% is observed to regulate species concentration as well as promote a more controlled thermal response inside the porous structure. In comparison with the base fluid and single-nanoparticle suspensions, the hybrid nanofluid exhibits superior thermal performance. Moreover, the MWNN-PSO-NNA outcomes remain in close agreement with the numerical solutions, yielding error levels of the order 10⁻⁵-10⁻⁶, which confirms the reliability of the proposed framework for complex non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid systems relevant to industrial thermal applications. The proposed neural network model demonstrates strong predictive capability, achieving an accuracy greater than 99% while reducing computational time by approximately 45% when compared with traditional numerical methods. An ANN is developed to rapidly predict flow, heat, and mass transfer. Trained on bvp4c data, it achieves comparable accuracy while reducing computational time by 45% compared to repeated numerical simulations. Additionally, the hybrid nanofluid formulation displays strong potential for industrial lubrication applications, thermal control of mechanical components, and energy-based cooling systems, where improved heat transfer productivity is a main performance requirement. The main motivation of this study is to address the growing demand for efficient thermal management in industrial lubrication systems involving non-Newtonian fluids. The goal is to apply a robust MWNN-PSO-NNA framework to accurately predict the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics of Casson hybrid nanofluid over a radially stretching surface under combined physical effects. This study is the first to integrate engine-oil-based Casson hybrid nanofluid modeling with Darcy-Forchheimer porous effects and an optimized MWNN-PSO-NNA framework, providing highly accurate thermal-fluid predictions relevant to advanced industrial heat transfer systems.

PMID:41673449 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-39536-x

Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38860-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

As ecologically dominant keystone species, ants play critical roles in ecosystem functioning and trophic interactions. This study examines current and future distribution patterns of five ant species (Cataglyphis nodus, Crematogaster subdentata, Lasius neglectus, Messor platyceras, and Messor syriacus) across central Iran’s forest, grassland, and human-modified landscapes. Species were collected along an ecological gradient extending from the central Zagros Mountains to Gavkhouni Lake on the Iranian Plateau. Using an ensemble species distribution modeling (SDM) approach incorporating five machine learning algorithms (Generalized Additive Model, GAM, Generalized Boosted Model, GBM, Generalized Linear Model, GLM, Random Forests, RF, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, XGBOOST), we evaluated habitat suitability under climate change scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP126 to SSP585, 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, 2081-2100). Environmental predictors included 19 bioclimatic variables, topography, and NDVI-derived vegetation indices to assess current habitat suitability and to project future distributions under climate change scenarios from 2021 to 2100. Our best ensemble model (GBM) showed strong predictive performance (Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC,: 0.78-0.90; max True Skill Statistic, TSS,: 0.75), identifying temperature variables, precipitation metrics, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,NDVI, as key environmental drivers. Projected range changes (2021-2100) revealed species-specific responses: C. nodus, C. subdentata and M. platyceras showed maximum gains and losses under SSP126 and SSP585 respectively in different period; L. neglectus displayed extreme reduction potential, exhibited maximum gains and losses under SSP245 and SSP585 respectively in different period; while M. syriacus showed relative stability maximum gains and losses under SSP370 and SSP585 in different period, highlighting significant interspecific variability in climate change vulnerability across emission scenarios. Niche breadth analysis identified C. nodus and M. platyceras as “winners” transitioning toward generalist strategies, while C. subdentata remained a vulnerable specialist. These findings highlight: (1) substantial interspecific variability in climate vulnerability, (2) the critical influence of emission scenarios on distributional outcomes, and (3) the importance of vegetation-mediated microclimates in buffering climate impacts. Conservation efforts must prioritize microhabitat preservation and landscape connectivity, particularly for functionally important species. The results provide crucial insights for conservation prioritization in arid land ecosystems under global change.

PMID:41673439 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-38860-6

Int J Impot Res. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1038/s41443-026-01237-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Testosterone therapy (TTh) is widely used to treat late-onset hypogonadism, aiming to improve quality of life and alleviate symptoms of testosterone deficiency. However, concerns remain regarding its potential association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and prostate cancer events (PCaE). This systematic review and meta-analysis, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024603054) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, evaluated the risk of MACE, PCaE, and clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPcE) associated with TTh in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A comprehensive search of PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central identified 3794 records, of which 41 RCTs (n = 11,161) met inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated using Mantel-Haenszel or restricted maximum likelihood methods under fixed or random-effects models, based on heterogeneity. Meta-regression explored sources of heterogeneity and effect modifiers, and sensitivity analyses were performed using continuity correction for zero-event trials. TTh was not associated with a statistically significant increase in MACE (OR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.52-1.32; I² = 53.2%), PCaE (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.52-1.51; I² = 0.0%), or CsPcE (OR 1.13; 95% CI: 0.39-3.26; I² = 0.0%). Comorbidities contributed to heterogeneity in MACE outcomes. Current evidence supports the short- to mid-term safety of TTh, though long-term data remain necessary. Registry and the Registration No. of the study/trial: CRD42024603054.

PMID:41673435 | DOI:10.1038/s41443-026-01237-4

Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36449-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major risk factor for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Oxidative stress and inflammation, mediated by the advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE)-nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathway, contribute to OHSS development and impaired oocyte quality. Astaxanthin (AST), a potent antioxidant, may modulate this pathway. In this exploratory pilot trial using a triple‑blind, randomized, placebo‑controlled design, 44 PCOS patients at high risk for OHSS were assigned to receive AST (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) adjunct to the COS regimen. COS was performed using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol with individualized gonadotropin dosing. Stimulation characteristics, gonadotropin dose, and follicle distribution were comparable between groups. The mean number of retrieved oocytes was slightly higher with AST, and the oocyte maturity rate (OMR) was significantly greater. Estradiol and progesterone levels on trigger day were lower in the AST group, though not statistically significant. Molecular analyses showed reduced RAGE expression, a lower phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa-B (pIκB)/inhibitor of kappa-B (IκB) ratio in granulosa cells (GCs), and significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) in follicular fluid (FF), with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showing a downward trend. These findings suggest that AST supplementation may improve COS outcomes and favorably modulate inflammatory pathways, with potential to reduce OHSS risk in high-risk PCOS patients. However, this pilot trial was not powered enough to confirm the primary OHSS endpoint, and larger studies are required for validation.Trial registration: Registration ID: IRCT20231028059882N2; Registration date: 2024-06-15; Update date: 2025-03-16; Direct Access Link: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/77250.

PMID:41673418 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-36449-7

Sleep Breath. 2026 Feb 11;30(1):40. doi: 10.1007/s11325-025-03566-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common in the general population and are consistently associated with adverse health outcomes. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance (SD) and Sleep-Related Impairment (SRI) scales were developed to assess sleep disturbance and related Impairment. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of short forms of these scales in the general Iranian population.

METHODS: The questionnaires were completed by 440 participants via an online survey. Following confirmation of unidimensionality for the PROMIS SD and SRI by factor analysis, Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis was performed. Convergent and concurrent validity, internal consistency, marginal reliability, and test-retest reliability were subsequently evaluated.

RESULTS: The original single-factor models, modified with correlated error terms for both scales and excluding PROMIS-SRI item 6, demonstrated excellent fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. The modified PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI short forms demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.89, 0.93; ω = 0.86, 0.93), good convergent validity (AVE = 0.69, 0.67). In addition, these short forms exhibited satisfactory test-retest reliability (r = 0.69, 0.86) and excellent marginal reliability (α = 0.91, 0.92). Concurrent validity was supported by moderate to strong correlations of both PROMIS scales with established measures, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale – 21(DASS-21).

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that Persian short forms of PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI are reliable and valid psychometric instruments to assess sleep disturbance and related impairments in the Iranian general population.

PMID:41673354 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-025-03566-y

Support Care Cancer. 2026 Feb 11;34(3):186. doi: 10.1007/s00520-026-10366-x.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of two forms of social support (peer and peer plus virtual professional support) on quality of life, feelings of support, and exercise levels in older adult survivors of cancer.

METHODS: We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to the AgeMatchPLUS (peer support plus weekly qualified exercise professional support) or AgeMatch (peer support only) group. The primary outcome was feasibility (measured by recruitment, retention, adherence rates). Secondary outcomes included quality of life, social support, exercise volume, and physical activity enjoyment. Outcomes were measured at baseline (T1), post-intervention (10-weeks post baseline (T2)), post-tapering (14-weeks post baseline (T3)), and at 6-months follow-up (T4). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression was performed for all secondary outcomes to determine estimates of effect between groups.

RESULTS: Virtual peer and professional exercise-related social support are feasible for older adults survivors of cancer. Those matched with a peer in addition to virtual professional support demonstrated improved exercise-related social support and resistance training volume post-intervention. No other significant differences were found between groups, with both groups significantly increasing their exercise levels across the study.

CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the feasibility and benefit of peer matching, both independently and alongside professional support, for older survivors of cancer. Future research efforts should examine the effectiveness of this intervention on a larger scale and compare outcomes to a no intervention group.

REGISTRY: This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05549479, August 23, 2022).

PMID:41673350 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-026-10366-x