Tag: pubmed

Asian J Endosc Surg. 2026 Jan-Dec;19(1):e70341. doi: 10.1111/ases.70341.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A high proportion of elderly patients have multiple comorbidities, and postoperative complications may contribute to poor outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether operation time could affect the occurrence of postoperative complications in elderly patients who have undergone colorectal surgery.

METHODS: The study included 1316 colorectal cancer patients aged ≥ 80 years who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between 2016 and 2024. We classified patients into two groups based on operative time (≥ 250 min [n = 418] and < 250 min [n = 898]). Clinical and perioperative features were compared between the groups.

RESULTS: Blood loss was higher (39 mL vs. 16 mL; p < 0.001), postoperative complications were higher (30.4% vs. 19.8%; p < 0.001), and hospital stay was longer (16 days vs. 14 days; p < 0.001) in the ≥ 250 group. Multivariate analysis revealed that open surgery (p = 0.003; odds ratio 2.438; 95% confidence interval 1.350-4.402) and operative time ≥ 250 min (p = 0.004; odds ratio 1.966; 95% confidence interval 1.233-3.135) were independent predictors for postoperative severe complications.

CONCLUSION: In elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, high-risk cases should be managed by expert surgeons using minimally invasive techniques and with efforts to minimize operative time.

PMID:42400183 | DOI:10.1111/ases.70341

Biomed Res Int. 2026;2026(1):e9725971. doi: 10.1155/bmri/9725971.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, alone or in combination with Western medicine, for the treatment of adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

METHODS: We searched clinical randomized controlled trials on the treatment of adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura with traditional Chinese medicine from the Chinese Journal Literature Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, the Journal of Pharmacopuncture, and the National Library of China. After removing duplicate literature and reviewing titles, we selected the final studies based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were assessed for bias using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.0 software. The PRISMA guidelines were followed when conducting the meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included, with a combined sample size of 1632 cases, including 811 in the experimental group and 821 in the control group. The results indicated that traditional Chinese medicine, whether used alone or in combination with Western medicine, was more effective than Western medicine alone in terms of overall effectiveness and improvement in skin purpura, digestive tract, and joint symptoms. We found that the total clinical effective rate of patients in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (OR = 6.04, 95% CI [4.01, 9.10], p < 0.001). Meta-analysis indicates that the difference between the control and experimental groups in improving skin purpura symptoms is statistically significant (SMD = -1.09, 95% CI [-1.22, -0.96], p < 0.001). We found that a more significant improvement occurred in the experimental group than in the control group (SMD = -0.95, 95% CI [-1.08, -0.82], p < 0.001). People in the experimental group showed a greater decrease in joint symptoms than those in the control group (SMD = -0.95, 95% CI [-1.08, -0.82], p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese medicine, either alone or combined with Western medicine, is more effective than Western medicine alone in treating Henoch-Schönlein purpura. It also shows superior efficacy in improving skin purpura, digestive tract, and joint symptoms.

PMID:42400181 | DOI:10.1155/bmri/9725971

J Dermatol. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.70377. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive cutaneous tumor characterized by infiltrative growth and a high risk of local recurrence if incompletely excised. Although Mohs micrographic surgery is recommended, wide local excision (WLE) remains widely used in clinical practice; however, the clinical utility of preoperative imaging for surgical margin assessment has not been fully established. We retrospectively analyzed 42 patients with DFSP, including fibrosarcomatous DFSP (FS-DFSP), who underwent MRI-based surgical planning followed by WLE between 2009 and 2023. Lateral margins were defined based on preoperative MRI, and deep tumor extent was assessed according to the relationship with the fascia. Analyses were performed in 36 patients after excluding cases without identifiable pathological tumor. The median planned lateral margin was 20 mm, whereas the median pathological margin was 16.5 mm. The median difference (pathological – planned) was -5 mm (interquartile range -10.25 to -1 mm; range -18 to +15 mm), with planned margins significantly larger (p < 0.001). A weak positive correlation was observed between planned and pathological margins (ρ = 0.32), but it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.060). Importantly, the maximum underestimation of tumor extent was 18 mm, indicating that the discrepancy between imaging-based planning and pathological findings did not exceed 20 mm in any case. Lesions classified as fascia-contacting or beyond on MRI showed a higher likelihood of deep invasion (OR 27.0, 95% CI 1.5-483). Residual tumor was identified in 71% of patients undergoing additional resection after unplanned excision. All patients achieved R0 resection without local recurrence, and distant metastases occurred only in FS-DFSP. Preoperative MRI provides clinically useful information for surgical margin assessment in DFSP. A lateral margin of approximately 20 mm appears sufficient to achieve complete resection, and fascia-based evaluation may help stratify the risk of deep invasion.

PMID:42400167 | DOI:10.1111/1346-8138.70377

Am J Sports Med. 2026 Jul 3:3635465261453085. doi: 10.1177/03635465261453085. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Radial meniscal tears (RMTs) interrupt circumferential collagen fibers, disrupt hoop stress transmission, and accelerate compartmental cartilage wear. Despite their clinical and biomechanical importance, reporting remains inconsistent because widely used taxonomies are heterogeneous and often assessed with nominal agreement statistics that overlook the ordered nature of tear morphology.

PURPOSE: To (1) quantify the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of a 5-type morphology-based classification system for RMTs using ordinal agreement metrics and (2) evaluate criterion validity against arthroscopy and construct validity against a prespecified morphology→treatment matrix.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: A harmonized case bank of 400 unique RMTs (80 per type I-V; 55.0% medial and 45.0% lateral) was assembled across 5 centers. There were 7 expert knee surgeons (>10 years’ experience) who performed test-retest classifications at T1 and T2 (mean washout time, 24.7 ± 3.6 days); a broader panel of 40 knee surgeons (>10 years’ experience) conducted classifications at T1 only. Raters were blinded; used a 1-page atlas with explicit criteria (depth/extent, gap thresholds of ≤3/>3 mm, vascular zone); and recorded type (I-V), confidence (Likert), and recommended treatment. The primary endpoint was the Light kappa (κ) (mean of pairwise Cohen κ; quadratic weighting) with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (5000 resamples, stratified by type). The coprimary endpoint was the Gwet AC2 (ordinal). Criterion validity was determined using an arthroscopy-referenced subcohort (n = 260). Construct validity examined concordance between assigned type and the prespecified treatment matrix. Secondary endpoints included exact agreement and ±1-category agreement, the Fleiss κ (nominal), and subgroup analyses (compartment, gap magnitude).

RESULTS: Interobserver ordinal agreement was high (Light κ = 0.902 [95% CI, 0.889-0.914]) (AC2 = 0.918 [95% CI, 0.906-0.929]). Agreement was stable by compartment (medial: κ = 0.897; lateral: κ = 0.909) and gap magnitude (no/≤3 mm: κ = 0.907; >3 mm: κ = 0.893). Exact agreement was 83.5%, and ±1-category agreement was 96.8%; nonadjacent misclassifications were 3.2%, with a predictable boundary at type III↔IV. Intraobserver reliability among experts was excellent (mean weighted Cohen κ = 0.913 [range, 0.882-0.942]). Criterion validity versus an arthroscopic reference was strong (weighted κ = 0.887 [95% CI, 0.871-0.902]). Construct validity showed 86.2% exact agreement (κ = 0.842; AC1 = 0.861). Sensitivity analyses (category collapsing, alternative weights, leave-one-rater-out) confirmed robustness.

CONCLUSION: This 5-type classification system demonstrated high reproducibility (ordinal κ≈ 0.90) and clinical validity, providing a practical framework for standardized reporting and treatment selection and a defensible stratification scheme for future trials and meta-analyses.

PMID:42400149 | DOI:10.1177/03635465261453085

Am J Hum Biol. 2026 Jul;38(7):e70306. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.70306.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Geographic variation in child body size in Japan has previously been associated with effective day length, a light-related measure. We tested whether this prefecture-level geographic structure remained stable across the COVID-19-related disruption.

METHODS: We conducted a prefecture-level ecological analysis using repeated cross-sectional summaries from Japan’s School Health Statistics. For each sex and single-year age from 5 to 17 years, we compared a pre-pandemic baseline (2017-2019 mean) with a post-disruption period (2024-2025 mean). Effective day length above 5000 lx (ED5000) was treated as a prefecture-fixed exposure. Mean height was modeled as a function of mean weight and ED5000, and slope stability was tested using pooled models with an ED5000-by-period interaction term.

RESULTS: Across ages 5-17 years in both sexes, mean height was generally higher in the post-period than in the pre-period, and mean weight also showed an upward shift across most ages, with the largest increases around peri-pubertal ages. ED5000 remained negatively associated with height conditional on weight in both periods, and there was no evidence that the ED5000-associated slope changed between periods at any age in either sex. In contrast, post-period differences in height appeared mainly as age-dependent upward shifts concentrated around peri-pubertal ages, peaking at ages 10-11 years in girls and 12-13 years in boys.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that COVID-era disruptions were followed by age-specific increases in body size around puberty, consistent with changes in maturation tempo. In contrast, the ED5000-height association remained stable. Thus, period-related growth shifts occurred within a persistent geographic structure.

PMID:42400118 | DOI:10.1002/ajhb.70306

BMC Psychol. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-05097-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The study examines the relationship between human capital, including education and work experience, and the intention of Vietnamese workers to work extra hours. Working extra hours is common but poses risks to health and productivity, especially in developing economies with large informal sectors.

METHODS: We used data from the Vietnam Labor Force Survey with 200,242 observations. Because the dependent variable is a rare event, we applied Firth bias‑corrected logistic regression combined with the Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition method to test the mediating role of income.

RESULTS: Employees with higher education or longer work experience have significantly lower intention to work extra hours. Income statistically accounts for a small portion of this association for education, but a negligible portion for experience. People with short‑term or no contracts, those working in individual businesses, or heads of households tend to be more willing to work extra hours. In contrast, lower intention is associated with working in the public sector, medium- and large-sized enterprises, or having an indefinite-term contract.

CONCLUSIONS: High human capital is associated with reduced need for working extra hours intentionally, mainly through non-financial channels rather than through income. Investing in education, vocational training, expanding formal contracts, and improving incomes may be associated with reduced pressure to work involuntary extra hours.

PMID:42400101 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-026-05097-x

BMC Psychol. 2026 Jul 4;14(1):975. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-05101-4.

ABSTRACT

The Locus of Control short scale (IE-4) is a screening instrument for locus of control (LOC). Assessment of LOC is highly relevant within psychological research and social sciences. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the screening tool in a large representative sample, with special focus on its dimensionality and the presence of acquiescence bias. The current sample (N = 2522; Age: M = 48.50 years (SD = 17.75); 50.1% female) was representative for the German adult population with respect to gender, age, and education. After conducting a CFA including an uncorrelated method factor, model fit indices generally indicated a good fit. Additionally, we found evidence of good reliability. Results from this study suggest that the IE-4 is best considered as a unifactorial measure when accounting for acquiescence bias.

PMID:42400100 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-026-05101-4

BMC Psychol. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-04885-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bullying and cyberbullying are well recognized mental health risk factors and are of major public health concern during adolescence, yet inconsistencies in assessment methods and longitudinal design hinder accurate prevalence estimation and understanding of developmental trajectories. This longitudinal study aimed to: (a) compare prevalence estimates of bullying and cyberbullying using single-item versus multi-item assessments; (b) assess developmental changes in victimization and perpetration from 6th to 8th grade (ages 10-13).

METHODS: A cohort of 788 Italian middle school students (50.5% male) completed assessments in sixth (2015-2016) and eighth grade (2017-2018). Bullying and cyberbullying were measured with single-item and multi-item self-report instruments. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation alongside point-biserial correlations, McNemar’s tests, paired t-tests, generalized estimating equation models, mixed repeated-measures ANOVAs, Stuart-Maxwell tests, and intraclass correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: Single- and multi-item measures showed moderate convergence (r = .36-0.51). Single-item measures primarily capture global self-identification with victim or perpetrator roles, whereas multi-item measures provide greater specificity regarding the frequency, context, and modality of bullying. Measurement method influenced developmental trends: bullying victimization decreased as children got older using single-item tools (χ² = 24.59, p < .001) but remained stable with multi-item, while perpetration increased only via multi-item (d = -0.28). Cyberbullying findings were more tentative: single-item victimization decreased, multi-item victimization remained stable, and multi-item perpetration showed only a small increase. Supplementary analyses showed no significant Time × Sex interactions, and school-level clustering was negligible.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight that bullying assessment methodological choices strongly influence prevalence and developmental estimates. Multi-method longitudinal designs are crucial for valid assessment and effective prevention.

PMID:42400099 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-026-04885-9

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01859-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of self-talk among male football players aged 18 and over who are actively playing football, and to examine whether these levels differed according to variables such as age, education, team type, position, duration of football playing, weekly sports day, willingness to work with a sports psychologist, perception of the benefit of a sports psychologist, and preference for sharing problems.

METHOD: The study included 167 male football players (age range = 18-33, mean age = 23.8, SD = 4.2) who were actively playing football during the 2022-2023 season. Data were collected using the Self-Talk Scale (SPS). Mann-Whitney U tests were used for two-group comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis H tests for three-or-more-group comparisons, and Spearman correlation for continuous variables, as normality was violated.

FINDINGS: The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.96. The mean self-talk score of the participants was 5.12/7, indicating a moderate-to-high level of self-talk. The analysis revealed that although the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated an overall age difference (p = .043, ε² = .059), post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction were not significant (all p > .005). For team type, a significant overall difference was observed (p = .031, ε² = .042), but post-hoc comparisons did not remain significant after Bonferroni adjustment (p = .024, adjusted α = .017) ; this finding should be considered exploratory due to the small professional group size (n=8). For problem sharing preference, the overall Kruskal-Wallis test was significant (p = .029, ε² = .054), but post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction did not reach statistical significance (all p > .003). No significant differences were found in the variables of position, education level, duration of playing football, and weekly sports days (p > .05). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was found between years of playing football and self-talk (ρ = -.19, p = .014), and a positive correlation was found between weekly sports days and self-talk (ρ = .22, p = .005).

CONCLUSION: The level of self-talk among male individuals who actively play football is moderate-to-high. Age, team level, awareness of sports psychology, and family support were determining factors in the level of self-talk; while position, education, and duration of sports experience were not determining factors. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for coaches and sports psychologists to develop psychological skills training programs, particularly for young and amateur players.

PMID:42400075 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-026-01859-7

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01849-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Postural control relies on the integration of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular information, with age-related declines in these systems contributing, as well as motor performance, to diminished balance performance. Regular sport participation may mitigate these effects, yet limited data exist on postural stability in Masters Olympic-style weightlifters-a population performing highly demanding, balance-dependent movements. This study examined age- and sex-related differences in quiet-stance postural stability in competitive Masters weightlifters and explored whether postural stability contributes to weightlifting performance beyond countermovement jump (CMJ) peak power.

METHODS: During the 2022 World Masters Weightlifting Championship, 104 competitors (67 females, 37 males; ages 35-75 years) from 11 countries completed balance testing under four conditions: firm and foam surfaces, each with eyes open and eyes closed. Medial-lateral sway velocity index (SVI) was computed from force-plate data and averaged across two 30-s trials per condition. Participants also completed CMJ testing to determine peak concentric power normalized to body mass. Postural stability was analyzed using linear quantile mixed‑effects models. Weightlifting performance was defined by standardizing the total weight lifted (z‑score), calculated by adjusting the total weight lifted across body mass and sex. Median regression models examined associations of SVI and CMJ peak power with performance.

RESULTS: Postural stability decreased on the foam surface compared with the fixed surface (median difference 0.47, p < 0.001), and closed eyes further exacerbated sway (interaction 0.23, p < 0.001). SVI increased modestly with age (per 5 years: 0.03, p < 0.001), while no sex differences were observed. Countermovement jump peak power was strongly associated with better weightlifting performance (coefficient 0.24, p < 0.001). Better postural stability (lower SVI) may enhance the effect of peak power on performance (coefficient – 0.07, p = 0.055), although it did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS: Masters weightlifters demonstrated modest age-related decline in postural stability on stable surfaces and no sex differences across conditions. Under challenging sensory conditions, postural stability decreased with older age, yet it remained well maintained on stable surfaces. While peak power was a strong determinant of weightlifting performance, postural stability may provide an additional, though modest contribution. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate balance and performance with advancing age.

PMID:42400071 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-026-01849-9