Tag: pubmed

Environ Geochem Health. 2026 Feb 22;48(4):186. doi: 10.1007/s10653-026-03076-0.

ABSTRACT

Madurai, a rapidly growing urban center in South India, faces increasing freshwater demand due to urbanization. In line with Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation), this study evaluates groundwater quality for drinking and agriculture, highlighting the need for sustainable water management. Fifty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using standard hydrogeochemical methods to assess seasonal variations and distinguish natural from anthropogenic influences. Results show a significant increase in total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and major ions during the post-monsoon (POM) season, suggesting enhanced mineral leaching and possible surface water contamination. Multivariate statistical analyses provided deeper insights into the relationships among hydrogeochemical variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a shift from geogenic to anthropogenic influences across seasons, while hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed greater spatial variability in pre-monsoon (PRM) samples, with POM samples showing more homogeneity due to dilution. Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis showed a seasonal decline in water quality, with more samples rated as ‘poor,’ ‘very poor,’ or ‘unfit’ for drinking in POM. While sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) remained within safe irrigation limits, other indices such as sodium percentage (Na%), permeability index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR) suggested lower irrigation suitability in POM. Mineral saturation indices indicated continued undersaturation, implying ongoing aquifer mineral dissolution. These findings underscore the need for sustained groundwater monitoring and effective management to safeguard water quality. Achieving SDG 6 requires proactive measures amid growing environmental and anthropogenic pressures.

PMID:41723759 | DOI:10.1007/s10653-026-03076-0

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2026 Feb 22:S0022-5223(26)00088-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2026.01.019. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41723743 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2026.01.019

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2026 Feb 22:e22707. doi: 10.1002/anie.202522707. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the structural reconstruction and elemental segregation of alloy catalysts are key factors influencing their activity and stability, while the irreversible structural evolution induced by high current density is the primary issue leading to performance degradation. Herein, we designed a multi-element alloy nanoparticle (MEA-NP) model electrocatalyst from binary (FeIr) to quinary alloy (FeCoNiIrRu), modulating the configuration entropy to explore its influence on structural stability. The single-nanoparticle collision (SNC) based on scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) was employed to facilitate efficient mass transfer and ultrahigh current density, thereby accelerating structural evolution during OER. By combining multidimensional feature extraction and clustering analysis of transient signals, it was found that increasing the number of constituent elements improves the structural stability under OER conditions, and high entropy effectively suppresses elemental segregation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirmed the advantages of the quinary alloy in terms of structural homogeneity and stability. This study established a statistical correlation between elemental segregation and single-particle transient OER signals, proposed a strategy similar to “accelerated testing under extreme conditions”, providing new insights for the mechanistic study and rational design of OER catalysts.

PMID:41723734 | DOI:10.1002/anie.202522707

J Man Manip Ther. 2026 Feb 22:1-7. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2026.2632710. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To validate the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ) instruments for telephone applications in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD).

METHODS: This cross-sectional study invited participants with TMD to answer the NDI and MFIQ on two randomized occasions, face-to-face and by telephone, 5 to 7 days apart. The order of the assessments was randomized. The Student’s t-test was used to assess statistically significant differences between the scores obtained face-to-face and by telephone. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa were used to assess the level of agreement between the total scores and the scores for each item.

RESULTS: Seventy participants (18 men; mean age, 29 years; standard deviation, 12 years) were included. No statistically significant difference was found between the scores obtained using the two methods (face-to-face and telephone). Regarding the level of agreement of the total scores obtained on the two occasions, high ICCs were found: 0.97 NDI, NDI and 0.96 for the MFIQ. Considering the agreement for each item obtained in the two occasions, the NDI scores showed substantial agreement for nine items (0.55≥Kappa ≥0.79) and moderate agreement for one item (Kappa = 0.42), while in the MFIQ all the items showed substantial agreement (0.52≥Kappa ≥0.78).

CONCLUSION: Telephone-based administration of the NDI and MFIQ is valid for the assessment of individuals with TMD.

PMID:41723701 | DOI:10.1080/10669817.2026.2632710

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 6;136(5):051802. doi: 10.1103/fj4q-t8jg.

ABSTRACT

The first observation of the decay B^{+}→pΛ[over ¯] is presented using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb^{-1}. The signal significance exceeds seven standard deviations. Using the B^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+} decay as a normalization channel, the branching fraction is measured and combined with previous LHCb results based on data collected at 7 and 8 TeV in 2011 and 2012, yielding B(B^{+}→pΛ[over ¯])=(1.24±0.17±0.05±0.03)×10^{-7}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third comes from the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the normalization channel. The B^{+}→pΛ[over ¯] weak decay parameter is measured to be α_{B}=0.87_{-0.29}^{+0.26}±0.09, indicating the presence of comparable S-wave and P-wave decay amplitudes.

PMID:41723698 | DOI:10.1103/fj4q-t8jg

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 6;136(5):050802. doi: 10.1103/n9wg-k6q9.

ABSTRACT

The so-called state-carving protocol generates high-fidelity entangled states at an atom-cavity interface without requiring high cavity cooperativity. However, this protocol is limited to 50% efficiency, which restricts its applicability. We propose a simple modification to the state-carving protocol to achieve efficient entanglement generation, with unit probability in principle. Unlike previous two-photon schemes, ours employs only one photon which interacts with the atoms twice-avoiding separate photon detections which causes irrecoverable probability loss. We present a detailed description and performance evaluation of our protocol under nonideal conditions. High fidelity of 0.999 can be achieved with cavity cooperativity of only 34. Efficient state carving paves the way for large-scale entanglement generation at cavity interfaces for modular quantum computing, quantum repeaters, and creating arbitrary shaped atomic graph states, essential for one-way quantum computing.

PMID:41723653 | DOI:10.1103/n9wg-k6q9

Immunohorizons. 2026 Feb 12;10(2):vlag004. doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlag004.

ABSTRACT

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) exhibit impaired immune responses to vaccination against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, remaining vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) even after multiple vaccine doses. We hypothesized that repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in KTRs might promote remodeling of the adaptive immune repertoire. In order to address this hypothesis and gain insight into adaptive immune dynamics in this population, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine longitudinal alterations in immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) gene repertoires following multiple mRNA vaccinations and functional experiments to assess lymphocyte signaling capacity. TR gene repertoire analysis revealed increased diversity and reduced clonality after booster immunizations, indicative of substantial repertoire renewal. Although the relative frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific TR clonotypes remained stable over time, significant shifts in TRBV gene usage reflected dynamic reshaping of the TR clonal architecture. Parallel IG gene repertoire profiling demonstrated increased diversity and limited oligoclonal expansions after booster mRNA vaccination. These changes were accompanied by elevated levels of somatic hypermutation in IG clonotypes similar to published SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes, suggestive of more efficient humoral responses following repeated antigenic exposure. Phospho-specific flow cytometry analysis revealed initially diminished B cell receptor signaling, which was restored following multiple immunizations, consistent with reversal of B cell anergy status. Altogether, our findings support the notion that repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations drive the remodeling of cellular and humoral immune landscapes in KTRs. These results underscore the importance of tailored vaccination strategies to optimize immune protection in immunocompromised individuals.

PMID:41723636 | DOI:10.1093/immhor/vlag004

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2026 Dec 15;34(1):12-18. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-12-18.

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of comprehensive study of assessing characteristics of organization of medical care of elder age groups of rural population with purpose to substantiate the necessary elements of diagnostic and treatment process under key comorbid pathology. The set of systemic causes conditioning defects of quality of medical care support in rural medical organizations is identified. The structure of comorbid pathology in patients of elder age groups was studied. The cause-effect relationships between various forms of chronic diseases are established. The analysis of medical documentation of patients of the older age groups resulted in structuring of 77 different forms of senile pathology: 23 forms of geriatric diseases and 54 forms of geriatric syndromes. The established cause-effect relationships were classified as afferent (disease positions as causal factor) and efferent ones (disease is consequence of other pathology). All forms of geriatric pathology, for which statistically significant comorbid associations with other diseases were established, are unified into group of key comorbid pathology. On the basis of established specificity of afferent and efferent comorbid relationships, the necessary elements of treatment and diagnostic process for each of the forms of key comorbid pathology are developed.

PMID:41723620 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-12-18

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2026 Dec 15;34(1):75-83. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-75-83.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to determine directions of strategy of intersectoral interaction in preventing drug consumption in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic based on the Foresight approach and scenario modeling of arising trends in society narcotization. The Foresight methodological tools were used (PESTLE analysis, scenario forecast, drivers and bifurcation points identification, the Popper diamond). The data base for analysis included statistical data from narcologic services, the reports of the WHO, the UNODC, the Main Directorate for Drug Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and expert assessments. The analysis of study results permitted to identify key trends (increase of poly-narcomania, intensification of synthetic drugs, rejuvenation of drug addicts and drug market digitization). The probable and possible scenarios of development such as inertial, optimistic, crisis and innovative ones were determined. The drivers and bifurcation points capable radically change trajectory of drug situation were identified. The necessity of transition from predominantly repressive approach to preventive and rehabilitative one, integration of digital monitoring technologies (WBE, Big Data) and development of individual plan of prevention set-back are substantiated. The conclusions are made that the Foresight analysis in the field of anti-narcotic prevention is efficient tool of proactive risk management that permits to coordinate Federal and regional strategies. For the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, special importance acquires development of meso-strategy based on intersectoral cooperation, use of ethno-confessional resources and educational and cultural potential. The scenario modeling provides opportunity to be prepared for potential menaces and to develop sustainable trajectory of reducing drug risks and promoting public health by 2030.

PMID:41723619 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-75-83

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2026 Dec 15;34(1):48-54. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-48-54.

ABSTRACT

The transformation of social political system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries significantly deteriorated quality of life of indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East, lowering income levels and health indicators and marginalizing population. The indigenous smaller peoples are extremely vulnerable group of ethnic minorities in medical demographic terms. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern medical demographic situation and indicators characterizing health level of the Udege and the Nanai people residing village of Krasny Yar of the Pozharsky municipality of Primorsky Krai to take effective measures improving current medical demographic situation. The statistical and mathematical methods were applied in the study. In June 2025, sociological survey was carried out to identify self-assessments of quality of life of the population of village of Krasny Yar that included questions about nutrition quality. It is concluded that causes of deterioration of health of indigenous peoples of the Pozharsky municipality depend on medical biological and social economic factors. The main medical biological determinants include genetic ones determining characteristics of body functioning. The social economic factors include low level of living as a result of absence of work, change in ethnic identity under influence of mixed marriages, miscegenation, inaccessibility of highly qualified medical care. It is demonstrated that low income level of families is the main cause of poor nutrition. The active integration and assimilation processes, primarily related to alien population (Russians) resulted in destruction of traditional way of life and deterioration of health that affected decreasing of natality.

PMID:41723614 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-48-54