Tag: pubmed

Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2025 Oct;55(5):e70060. doi: 10.1111/sltb.70060.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We investigated predictors of suicide among Add Health longitudinal survey participants with over 20,000 high school students using National Death Index (NDI) mortality records, exploring behavioral, attitudinal, and demographic correlates of suicide risk.

METHOD: We investigated early correlating suicide risk factors when students were in high school and whether they died by suicide during the next 28 years. We used multiple linear regression to distill the most essential correlates of suicide risk for male (n = 58) and female (n = 14) suicide decedents.

RESULTS: Findings indicated suicide rates four times higher for males than for females, with males dying at younger ages on average than females. Many risk factors established from previous research were found to be associated with suicide risk. Regression analysis showed only two factors associated with a male’s suicide risk: experiencing a friend’s death by suicide and running away from home. For females, being expelled from school and having a conflicted relationship with one’s father were the most significant correlates.

CONCLUSION: This follow-up provides insights into how risk factors evolve over time, highlighting the importance of early-life psychosocial challenges and gender-specific dynamics in creating suicide risks. Findings underscore the need for differentially targeted interventions to mitigate suicide risk across the lifespan.

PMID:41144913 | DOI:10.1111/sltb.70060

Vet Clin Pathol. 2025 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/vcp.70066. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The number of backyard chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) flocks in the US in urban and suburban areas has continued to increase over the past three decades. These flocks are often raised as both production animals and as pets. Electrophoretic evaluation of plasma proteins has been held as the reference standard for protein evaluation. Reference intervals (RIs) for plasma protein electrophoresis (PPE) in chickens in northern Colorado are not readily available but could aid diagnostic evaluations.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to generate RIs for PPE in adult non-molting backyard chicken flocks in northern Colorado.

METHODS: Plasma from 120 healthy adult chickens in 7 flocks located in northern Colorado was used. Electrophoretic evaluation was completed using a biuret total protein assay and agarose gel electrophoresis, with proteins fractionated into 6 parts. RIs for PPE fractions were generated, and partitioning by sex was performed according to ASVCP guidelines.

RESULTS: RIs were generated for all birds and after partitioning by sex. For all birds, agarose gel electrophoretic RIs were: A:G 0.24-1.20, albumin 1.33-2.91 g/dL, alpha-1 globulin 0.13-0.47 g/dL, alpha-2 globulin 0.33-0.91 g/dL, beta-1 globulin 0.24-1.50 g/dL, beta-2 globulin 0.33-1.79 g/dL, and gamma globulin 0.26-0.82 g/dL. A statistical difference, p < 0.05, was noted between hens and roosters for all electrophoretic fractions except total alpha globulin, beta-2 globulin, and A:G, and partitioning was warranted based on the method recommended by Lahti; the data were partitioned by sex, and RIs were generated.

CONCLUSIONS: RIs are available for PPE in backyard chickens in northern Colorado.

PMID:41144912 | DOI:10.1111/vcp.70066

J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2025 Oct 27. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2025.2572810. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Midwestern city of Kansas City, Missouri, has a long history of redlining practices that have deeply segregated the city. This segregation persists to the present, making Kansas City an important place to study pollution disparities. However, the monitoring landscape in Kansas City is sparse, leading to unique challenges in identifying pollution disparities. Here, we examine disparities in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area (KCMA) across demographics and present methodology that can be applied to other cities with sparse monitoring infrastructure. We examine quantitative decadal trends in disparities from 2010 to 2019 using Census tract demographic information and PM_2.5 modeled at the intra-urban scale. We find statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in PM_2.5 distributions between predominantly white communities and communities of color that persist throughout the past decade in all seasons. On an annual basis, majority Black and African-American (BAA) Census tracts have experienced on average 2.7% (0.2 µg m^-3) higher PM_2.5 burden than majority White American (WA) Census tracts. Higher disparities occur between the most and least WA Census tracts (3.4%; 0.3 µg m^-3). The largest disparities in PM_2.5 occur during winter (6.8%; 0.7 µg m^-3). Despite large overall decreases in PM_2.5 mass concentrations of 27%, the disparity between communities remains remarkably persistent over time, indicating that the pollution gap between communities has not been narrowed by emissions regulations. Source attribution simulations performed via the Intervention Model for Air Pollution (InMAP) suggest that non-point sources such as residential heating contribute primarily to observed PM_2.5 disparities. This suggests that the air pollution disparity in Kansas City can be at least partially addressed through mitigation efforts targeting non-point sources of pollution.

PMID:41144901 | DOI:10.1080/10962247.2025.2572810

Anim Sci J. 2025 Jan-Dec;96(1):e70127. doi: 10.1111/asj.70127.

ABSTRACT

The technical efficiencies of transhumance goat farms were evaluated using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) model under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumptions. Data were collected from 37 transhumance goat farms in Mersin province, Turkey. The analysis revealed mean efficiency scores of 0.64 under CRS and 0.82 under VRS, indicating suboptimal input utilization across the majority of farms. Specifically, the findings suggest that input usage could be reduced by 36% under CRS and 18% under VRS without compromising output levels. The use of both models enabled the separation of scale-related inefficiencies from pure technical inefficiency, providing a more nuanced view of farm performance. Given the structural heterogeneity and scale constraints of transhumant systems, the VRS model is more reflective of real-world conditions. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions-such as farmer education programs, grazing optimization, and infrastructure support-to enhance technical efficiency and farm viability. The study contributes valuable insights for policy development aimed at improving productivity and sustainability in traditional livestock systems.

PMID:41144890 | DOI:10.1111/asj.70127

Clin Psychol Psychother. 2025 Sep-Oct;32(5):e70167. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70167.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bullying perpetration has been associated with depressive symptoms. Although the bullying literature is large, most studies are correlational and cannot address the question of causation directly. This study explored bidirectional causal relationships between bullying perpetration and depressive symptoms using data from the TwinLife study, a comprehensive longitudinal survey of German twins. We aimed to clarify whether bullying perpetration leads to depressive symptoms or vice versa, or if other underlying factors might explain their co-occurrence.

METHODS: The analysis included 1975 twin pairs from the TwinLife study, with data on depressive symptoms and bullying. The analysis used an extension to the Direction of Causation model, a bivariate causal inferential twin model that adjusts the effect of measurement error. A range of models was tested. Age, sex, inter-twin aggression and household income were included in all models as covariates.

RESULTS: After testing five models with and without causal paths, we found the model without causal paths but including common genetic and unique environmental liabilities best explained the data.

CONCLUSION: It was found that depressive symptoms and bullying perpetration share genetic influences.

PMID:41144883 | DOI:10.1002/cpp.70167

J Trauma Nurs. 2025 Oct 24. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000889. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Implicit biases and color blindness attitudes among health care providers negatively impact health outcomes and decision-making, particularly for marginalized trauma patients. While research highlights perspective-taking as a method to mitigate health care bias, effective educational strategies to reduce such biases among trauma care professionals remain understudied.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of “A Brain Game: Deconstructing Bias” as an intervention for levels of perspective-taking and color blindness attitudes among trauma care professionals.

METHODS: This is a single-center, prospective cohort survey study. Using a modified snowball sampling approach, participants were recruited and represented various trauma system roles, including clinicians, researchers, data analysts, social workers, and outpatient providers. Pre- and postintervention surveys assessed perspective-taking, color blindness attitudes, and willingness to consider bias.

RESULTS: A total of 132 participants initiated a presurvey with a total of 58 (44%) participants completing both pre- and postintervention surveys included in the analysis. Statistically significant changes observed with increases in perspective-taking scores (p < .001), understanding social constructs (p < .001), alongside decreases in color blindness (p = .049), and unawareness of institutional racism (p = .020). Additionally, 82.8% (n = 48) of participants expressed a willingness to consider their biases before patient interactions.

CONCLUSION: This pilot study found that the theatrical intervention, “A Brain Game: Deconstructing Bias,” improved trauma professionals’ understanding of social constructs, enhanced perspective-taking, reduced color blindness attitudes, and increased willingness to consider bias in patient care. Despite its feasibility, moderate completion rates and single-center design limit generalizability. Further research is warranted.

PMID:41144853 | DOI:10.1097/JTN.0000000000000889

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70247. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate ultrasound parameters, particularly splenic stiffness, as predictors of pediatric esophageal varices.

METHODS: We included all children aged 0-19 years who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, for variceal screening or surveillance, and abdominopelvic ultrasound with splenic elastography measurement. We also recorded biological parameters (platelets count, albumin) to determine a clinical prediction rule (CPR). Derivation and validation cohorts were defined according to measurement date. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) statistics and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the optimal threshold value were calculated, and used to assess the performance of each parameter.

RESULTS: Eighty derivation cohort children and 58 validation cohort children formed the study sample. Cohort characteristics did not differ for age, sex, distribution of varices but differ for some etiologies, abdominal surgery, spleen size, splenic stiffness measurement (SSM), ascites, and the presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts. In the derivation cohort, splenic stiffness was the best independent predictor of esophageal varices, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.83, a sensitivity of 0.90, and specificity of 0.73 at a threshold of 22 kPa. In the validation cohort, SSM was no longer significantly associated with esophageal varices at endoscopy, had a lower sensitivity of 0.26, and no other threshold could be found. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and CPR had a correct predictive value (AUC 0.70 for LSM; 0.78 for CPR in the derivation cohort and 0.64 for LSM; 0.71 for CPR in the validation cohort) for esophageal varices.

CONCLUSIONS: SSM cannot be used as a single parameter to predict esophageal varices. LSM and CPR despite their lower AUC appear to much more robust measures with consistent results across cohorts.

PMID:41144851 | DOI:10.1002/jpn3.70247

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2025 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/aogs.70071. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Fertility after cancer represents a growing clinical concern. This study assessed childbearing outcomes among women diagnosed with cancer during reproductive age between 2012 and 2017 in Lombardy, the largest region in Italy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Women aged 15-45 years with a primary diagnosis of cancer recorded in hospital discharge records from regional healthcare databases were selected. Each woman diagnosed with cancer was matched with up to five cancer-free women of the same age at diagnosis. The cumulative probability of childbirth up to December 31, 2022 was estimated using the Kalbfleisch-Prentice cumulative incidence function estimator. Cox regression models were used to estimate the cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of childbirth according to the cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, in the group of cancer survivors, exposure to antineoplastic treatment was considered and included in the model as a time-dependent covariate. Finally, a log-binomial regression model was used to assess the association between antineoplastic therapy and medically assisted reproduction.

RESULTS: A total of 13,877 women were diagnosed with cancer at reproductive age during the study period (1.16 per 1000 person-years). The cumulative probability of childbirth was lower among women diagnosed with cancer compared to cancer-free women across all age groups: 31.4% vs 32.2% (p = 0.02) among those diagnosed under 30, 13.3% vs 22.7% (p < 0.01) among those aged 30-39, and 0.8% vs 1.6% (p < 0.01) among those aged 40 and over. The corresponding HRs were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83-1.05), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53-0.64), and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.40-0.68). When analyses were stratified by time since diagnosis, the reduced probability among cancer survivors was confirmed to be significant only within the first 5 years after diagnosis, also for younger individuals. Antineoplastic treatment was associated with a reduced probability of subsequent birth (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.39-0.52). Moreover, the therapy was positively associated with medically assisted reproduction (RR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14-2.56).

CONCLUSIONS: The probability of childbearing was reduced within the first 5 years of diagnosis, regardless of the patient’s age. A more pronounced reduction was observed in women diagnosed after the age of 30. Age and antineoplastic therapy were key factors in determining childbearing in women diagnosed with cancer.

PMID:41144834 | DOI:10.1111/aogs.70071

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 27:e13878. doi: 10.1002/advs.202513878. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Oxidizing transition metal surfaces are generally characterized by an increasing heterogeneity at simultaneous lowering of crystalline order. This complexity eludes present-day first-principles descriptions, with predictive-quality surface phase diagrams commonly derived from comparing the stability of a small number of ordered surface structural models that are motivated by partial experimental characterization or chemical intuition. Here the computational acceleration brought by machine-learned interatomic potentials is leveraged for a systematic sampling of the configurational phase space through replica exchange molecular dynamics. Thermodynamic averaging subsequently yields grand-canonical expectation values for observables like O coverage that account for the disorder and diversity of the sampled structures. Application to the initial oxidation of the Cu(111) surface reveals the (purely entropic) stabilization of sparse O adsorbates at the onset, a plethora of energetically essentially degenerate polymeric -O-Cu-O- ring and chain networks at higher O loading, as well as the presence of experimentally discussed minority species. The in silico surface phase diagram correspondingly shows marked differences to one based merely on established ordered surface reconstructions.

PMID:41144830 | DOI:10.1002/advs.202513878

Laryngoscope. 2025 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/lary.70222. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Medialization thyroplasty (MT) is a procedure used to treat glottal insufficiency. It is conducted with the patient under procedural sedation for vocal feedback. The objective of this study is to evaluate the patient’s perception of pain after MT surgery.

METHODS: Prospective observational study. Patients undergoing MT completed the validated short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) before surgery and post-operative days (PODs) 1 and 7, and Voice Handicap Index-10 questionnaire (VHI-10) before surgery and POD7. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Nonparametric tests were conducted for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Fifty-three patients (47% male), with a median age of 67 years (IQR 15) were recruited between March 2023 and February 2025. On POD1, 74% required analgesia and 52% required opioids. Pre-operative SF-MPQ was median 0 (IQR 0), which increased significantly on POD1 to 3.0 (IQR 7.5) (p < 0.0001) and decreased significantly on POD7 to median 1.0 (IQR 3.0) (p < 0.0001). Voices significantly improved, from pre-operative VHI-10 score of 26 (IQR 14) to POD7 score of 12 (IQR 13) (p < 0.0001). None of the following factors were associated with increased pain: age, sex, BMI, anxiety diagnosis, per-operative, regular intake of pain medication, surgical time or pre-operative VHI score.

CONCLUSIONS: Although MT was completed under procedural sedation, pain was well tolerated after surgery. Half of the patients used opioids for post-operative pain, and the levels of pain were mild. There are opportunities for improved opioid stewardship in the pain management of this surgery. This study is one of the few prospective studies evaluating pain with MT.

PMID:41144815 | DOI:10.1002/lary.70222