Tag: pubmed

Health Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 7;8(9):e71207. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71207. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dental caries in children remains a global health challenge. Fissure sealant therapy (FST) is an effective preventive measure, yet parental acceptance remains low. This study aimed to identify predictors of parental FST behavior for children aged 6-12 years in Bandar Abbas, Iran, using the health belief model (HBM).

METHODS: The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Bandar Abbas in 2023. A total number of 449 parents to children aged 6-12 years were included. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to explore demographic information, knowledge questions, and HBM model constructs. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: The findings showed that the mean scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, cues to action, and self-efficacy in the group that performed preventive behavior were significantly higher than the group that did not show the behavior of interest. There was also a significant and positive correlation between the constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action with FST behavior (p < 0.001). In urban areas, with an increase in perceived susceptibility (95% CI (1.26,1.96):OR = 1.56), perceived severity (95% CI (1.03,1.27):OR = 1.17), cues to action (95% CI (1.01,1.34):OR = 1.16), and self-efficacy (95% CI (1.21,1.91):OR = 1.50), the odds of the preventive behavior increase significantly. In rural areas, with an increase in perceived susceptibility (95% CI (1.01,1.28):OR = 1.13) and self-efficacy (95% CI (1.05,1.28):OR = 1.18), the odds of preventive behavior increase significantly.

CONCLUSION: As the findings showed, the HBM can be an appropriate model to predict the adoption of FST in parents. These findings can improve and advance knowledge about the predictors of FST adoption. These findings can be used to develop effective educational and promotional interventions to increase FST adoption among parents and improve children’s oral health.

PMID:40927814 | PMC:PMC12415267 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71207

Health Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 7;8(9):e71040. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71040. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several observational studies have reported inconsistent associations between dyslipidaemia, stains use and atopic dermatitis (AD). Nevertheless, the available data on the effects of -C-lowering as well as TG-lowering drugs remain inconclusive and limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal association of lipid traits and long-term use of lipid-lowering drugs on AD risk.

METHODS: Drug-targeted Mendelian randomization analyses were performed in European ancestry. Pooled statistics on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and AD were extracted from large genome-wide association studies datasets. Instrumental variables located in and around lipid-lowering target genes were used as proxies for therapeutic inhibition of these target genes. Inverse-variance-weighted approach was applied as the primary analysis.

RESULTS: We explored the role of seven lipid-lowering target genes in AD, among which genetically proxied Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 inhibition, a target of LDL-C-lowering drugs, was associated with an increased risk of AD (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.36-6.75; p = 0.007). This association was replicated in FinnGen cohort (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.72; p = 0.020). A series of sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the estimates.

CONCLUSION: We found no genetic support for the repurposing of seven lipid-lowering drug targets for the prevention of AD. However, pharmacovigilance of AD risk in Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 inhibitor users may be warranted.

PMID:40927812 | PMC:PMC12415263 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71040

Int J Gen Med. 2025 Sep 3;18:5073-5083. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S531095. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common respiratory infection in children, current treatments are limited by resistance and side effects. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining Qingke Mixture with azithromycin for treating MPP in children.

METHODS: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial included 92 children diagnosed with MPP. The treatment group received Qingke Mixture and azithromycin, while the control group received azithromycin alone. Outcomes assessed included clinical symptoms, inflammatory markers, immune response, pulmonary function, and adverse events.

RESULTS: The treatment group showed significantly higher clinical efficacy (95.65% vs 80.43%, P < 0.05). The treatment group showed faster resolution of pulmonary symptoms, shorter hospital stays, and greater improvements in pulmonary function and TCM symptom scores (P < 0.05). Inflammatory markers (WBC, CRP, IL-6, IL-8) were significantly lower, while immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio) were higher in the treatment group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was low in both groups, with no statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSION: Qingke Mixture combined with azithromycin significantly improves clinical outcomes in children with MPP, enhancing efficacy while maintaining safety.

PMID:40927775 | PMC:PMC12415112 | DOI:10.2147/IJGM.S531095

Int J Gen Med. 2025 Sep 4;18:5183-5193. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S537848. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between the dynamics of routine metabolic markers and endometriosis severity.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with endometriosis at Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, affiliated with Fudan University. The collected data encompassed demographic details and biochemical indicators related to lipid, hepatobiliary, renal metabolism, and electrolyte balance. Independent influencing factors were screened by univariate logistic regression and statistically significant variables were included in the model for adjustment. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were also plotted to analyze the nonlinear relationship between factors and endometriosis severity. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate the discriminative ability of independent influencing factors.

RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were enrolled in the study, including 32 at stage IV as classified by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) staging. Univariate analysis identified fasting blood glucose (FBG), total protein, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin (TBil) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) as significant metabolic indicators. Additionally, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) emerged as significant covariates. The RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear association between most metabolic indicators and outcome measures. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the alanine transaminase (ALT) was above 0.6.

CONCLUSION: ALT had a negative correlation with the severity of endometriosis and was an independent influencing factor with statistical significance. This finding could offer clinicians non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and precise monitoring of disease progression.

PMID:40927773 | PMC:PMC12416391 | DOI:10.2147/IJGM.S537848

Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Aug 6;9(9):107518. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107518. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of daily consumption of white potatoes compared with white rice on cardiometabolic health in individuals with type-2 diabetes (T2D).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of white potato consumption compared to white rice (a commonly consumed refined grain) on indices of glycemic control and cardiovascular health in individuals with overweight or obesity and T2D.

METHODS: In this randomized crossover study, comparative control trial, 24 adults with T2D [45-80 y, body mass index (kg/m²) 25-40] consumed baked white potatoes (100 g) or calorie-matched white rice (75 g) daily for 12 wk, separated by a 2-wk washout, with assessments of glycemic control, lipids, inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function, and body composition at baseline (only 1 baseline visit included as a covariate in statistical analyses), 6 wk, and 12 wk. A linear mixed model was used to assess treatment (potato or rice), time (6 wk or 12 wk), and the treatment-by-time interaction for all outcome variables.

RESULTS: There were no significant (P ≤ 0.05) treatment-by-time interactions for any outcome. There was a main effect of treatment (i.e., independent of time) with the potato regimen resulting in lower waist circumference (P < 0.0001; 4.5 ± 1.0 cm), percent fat mass (P = 0.01; 1.7 ± 0.7%), waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.002; 0.025 ± 0.013), heart rate (P = 0.01; 3.1 ± 1.2 bpm), as well as higher percent fat-free mass (P = 0.05; 1.4 ± 0.7%) and maximum brachial artery dilation (P = 0.05; 0.074 ± 0.037 mm) when compared to the rice regimen. There were significant timepoint effects (i.e., independent of treatment) for increased homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (P = 0.02; 34.3 ± 14.5) and decreased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.02; 0.08 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and flow-mediated dilation/shear (P = 0.03; 4.3 × 10^-5 ± 3.79 × 10^-5) during the study.

CONCLUSIONS: White potatoes did not negatively affect glycemic indices, vascular health, lipids, or blood pressure compared to white rice and modestly improved body composition and vascular measures. In both groups, over time, there were reductions in flow-mediated dilation/shear stress, β cell function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Our preliminary results support white potatoes as a substitute for white rice in T2D.

PMID:40927748 | PMC:PMC12414893 | DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107518

Front Rehabil Sci. 2025 Aug 25;6:1594753. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2025.1594753. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a significant burden to patients, families, and the healthcare system. The ability to accurately predict functional outcomes for SCI patients is essential for optimizing rehabilitation strategies, guiding patient and family decision making, and improving patient care.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 589 SCI patients admitted to a single acute rehabilitation facility and used the dataset to train advanced machine learning algorithms to predict patients’ rehabilitation outcomes. The primary outcome was the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score at discharge, reflecting the level of independence achieved by patients after comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation.

RESULTS: Tree-based algorithms, particularly Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost, significantly outperformed traditional statistical models and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) in predicting discharge FIM scores. The RF model exhibited the highest predictive accuracy, with an R-squared value of 0.90 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.29 on the training dataset, while achieving 0.52 R-squared and 1.37 MSE on the test dataset. The XGBoost model also demonstrated strong performance, with an R-squared value of 0.74 and an MSE of 0.75 on the training dataset, and 0.51 R-squared with 1.39 MSE on the test dataset. Our analysis identified key predictors of rehabilitation outcomes, including the initial FIM scores and specific demographic factors such as level of injury and prehospital living settings. The study also highlighted the superior ability of tree-based models to capture the complex, non-linear relationships between variables that impact recovery in SCI patients.

DISCUSSION: This research underscores the potential of machine learning models to enhance the accuracy of outcome predictions in SCI rehabilitation. The findings support the integration of these advanced predictive tools in clinical settings to better guide decision making for patients and families, tailor rehabilitation plans, allocate resources efficiently, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

PMID:40927746 | PMC:PMC12414964 | DOI:10.3389/fresc.2025.1594753

Front Surg. 2025 Aug 25;12:1600331. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1600331. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of internal fixation of locking compression plate and Cannulated Screw in treatment of elderly femoral neck fractures.

METHODS: 175 patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled in the study. 93 cases in the control group were treated with Cannulated Screw internal fixation, and 82 cases in the observation group were treated with locking plate internal fixation. The control group was treated with cannulated screw internal fixation, while the observation group was treated with locking compression plate internal fixation.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly shorter time for partial weight-bearing exercise, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), and a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The ROM of hip extension-flexion at 1 month and 6 months after operation and the ROM of hip internal rotation-external rotation at 1 month after operation in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The VAS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 month after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: Both locking compression plate internal fixation and cannulated screw internal fixation are effective in the treatment of elderly femoral neck fractures. Compared with cannulated screw internal fixation, locking compression plate internal fixation helps patients to engage in early functional exercise and has a lower incidence of postoperative complications.

PMID:40927707 | PMC:PMC12414934 | DOI:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1600331

Nat Sci Sleep. 2025 Sep 3;17:2119-2130. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S527778. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent research has increasingly underscored a significant correlation between gut microbiota and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Probiotics have emerged as promising adjunctive interventions for OSA. Metabolites and their related biochemical pathways have emerged as important contributors to the development of OSA. This study aimed to estimate the causal association between gut microbiota and OSA and to quantify the mediating effects of metabolites.

METHODS: We employed two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization techniques, utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic instruments for exposures and mediators. Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota (the Dutch Microbiome Project, n=7,738), plasma metabolites (the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging cohort, n=8,299), and OSA (FinnGen database, n=410,385). To ensure the robustness of our findings, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity tests were systematically conducted.

RESULTS: In the Dutch Microbiome Project, species Parabacteroides merdae, genus Faecalibacterium, species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and species Bifidobacterium longum demonstrated a potential protective association with OSA. We included the top 10 metabolites with potential biological significance as candidate mediators. Among them, only 2-hydroxypalmitate was associated with a reduced risk of OSA. 2-hydroxypalmitate partially mediated the association between species Parabacteroides merdae and OSA, with a mediation proportion of 20.53%.

CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the protective effect of species Parabacteroides merdae against OSA. It also revealed the mediating role of 2-hydroxypalmitate in the relationship between species Parabacteroides merdae and OSA.

PMID:40927699 | PMC:PMC12415091 | DOI:10.2147/NSS.S527778

Orthop Res Rev. 2025 Sep 3;17:421-426. doi: 10.2147/ORR.S515073. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in the United States continues to climb as an aging yet active population increases demand for the procedure. Due to promising clinical results out of Europe, improvement in prosthesis design, and wider acceptance of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), this study was designed to evaluate how rTSA and anatomical TSA (aTSA) utilization, patient selection, and length of stay have changed at a single institution.

METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients from one hospital system between 2017 and 2023. Inclusion criteria included primary TSA cases using CPT codes. Exclusion criteria included hemiarthroplasty, revision arthroplasty, non-arthroplasty procedures. Primary arthroplasty procedures were separated into reverse or anatomic cohorts for analysis. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare continuous data between the first and last year of cohort data and to compare parameters between procedure types. Chi-square analysis was used for frequency-based data comparisons. Type-I error was set at α=0.05 for all analyses.

RESULTS: From all 2774 shoulder arthroplasty cases identified, 2604 TSA cases were included in the final statistical analyses, 2114 of which were rTSA and 490 anatomic TSA. Comparison of arthroplasties in 2017 and 2023 revealed, rTSA increased from 115 surgery cases to 549, or 77.18% to 82.81% over the study period (p < 0.001). Anatomic TSA increased in total surgery cases from 29 to 111, (p = 0.655) and thus signifies an overall decrease in anatomic surgery utilization from 19.46% to 16.74%. Data showed an increase in average patient age for rTSA and decreased procedure time and length of stay for both groups.

CONCLUSION: rTSA utilization has surpassed and continues to increase relative to anatomic TSA. Peri-operative management of shoulder replacement has become more efficient with significantly decreased procedure time and decreased total hospital length of stay after primary TSA.

PMID:40927697 | PMC:PMC12415622 | DOI:10.2147/ORR.S515073

Med Int (Lond). 2025 Aug 27;5(6):67. doi: 10.3892/mi.2025.266. eCollection 2025 Nov-Dec.

ABSTRACT

Oropouche virus (OROV) is emerging as a growing public health concern, with increasing numbers of case, an expanding global spread and the potential for severe clinical outcomes. However, despite the increasing incidence, the clinical features of OROV infections have not yet been thoroughly examined. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of clinical manifestations in OROV infections. For this purpose, a comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science and Embase was conducted up to April 9, 2025, to identify relevant studies. A random effects model was employed to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calucalted. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Additionally, sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments were conducted to ensure the robustness of our findings. The present study included 28 articles and assessed 4,196 patients with OROV infection from 6 countries across the globe. The pooled prevalence of clinical manifestations of OROV included fever (97%), headache (86.5%), myalgia (72.3%), malaise or fatigue (56.4%), arthralgia (50.3%), chills (49.6%), loss of appetite (44.3%), eye pain (43.2%), back pain (31.7%), pallor (31.7%), dizziness (30.2%), photophobia (30.9%), nausea/vomiting (28.9%), sore throat (26.1%), odynophagia (22.9%), diarrhea (18.4%), skin rash (18.2%), conjunctival injection (15.4%), abdominal pain (16.3%), petechiae (2.3%), cough (12.9%), and chest pain (0.7%). High heterogeneity was detected among the included studies, which may be attributed to differences in geographic locations and diagnostic methodologies. Sensitivity analyses further supported the robustness of our findings. On the whole, the present systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical manifestations of OROV infection, highlighting key symptoms that may aid in differential diagnosis in arbovirus-endemic regions. The findings may provide critical insight for clinicians and public health professionals and lay the groundwork for future research on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of OROV.

PMID:40927694 | PMC:PMC12416135 | DOI:10.3892/mi.2025.266