Tag: pubmed

Obes Surg. 2026 Jun 8. doi: 10.1007/s11695-026-08762-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recurrent weight gain (RWG) after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is common, but clinically relevant thresholds remain debated. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) may provide a more patient-centered long-term outcome measure.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term HRQL trajectories according to eventual RWG phenotype, defined as < 30% versus ≥ 30% RWG after MBS.

METHODS: Prospective multicenter cohort study at two Dutch hospitals. HRQL was assessed using six BODY-Q scales and minimal important differences (MIDs) preoperatively, at 4 months and 1-5 years postoperatively. Patients were retrospectively stratified by eventual RWG phenotype. Analyses were performed separately for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

RESULTS: Overall, 337 patients were included (LRYGB: 206 < 30% vs 19 ≥ 30%; LSG: 81 < 30% vs 31 ≥ 30%). Five-year HRQL data were available for 37-55% of patients across procedures and RWG groups. After LRYGB, longitudinal analyses showed no significant time × RWG interactions, although cross-sectional differences in physical function were observed at multiple time points (p = 0.005-0.033). After LSG, a significant time × RWG interaction was observed for physical function (p = 0.043), whereas differences in body image and psychological well-being at year 4 (p = 0.018) were isolated findings. MID achievement was largely similar between groups.

CONCLUSION: Long-term HRQL improvements and MID-based indicators of patient-perceived benefit were sustained after MBS in both eventual RWG groups. Physical function showed a significant time × RWG interaction after LSG, whereas longitudinal HRQL trajectories after LRYGB were comparable between RWG groups. Findings should be interpreted as associations with eventual RWG phenotype, particularly given the small ≥ 30% RWG subgroup after LRYGB (N = 19).

KEY POINTS: • Both patients who eventually developed < 30% and ≥ 30% RWG sustained HRQL improvements over five years; • Associations between RWG and physical function differed between procedures, with cross-sectional differences after LRYGB and longitudinal interaction effects after LSG; • Absolute BODY-Q scores and MIDs provide complementary insights, underscoring the importance of evaluating both statistical and patient-perceived benefits after MBS.

PMID:42252373 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-026-08762-7

CJEM. 2026 Jun 8. doi: 10.1007/s43678-026-01178-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vertebral compression fractures are a common ED presentation in older adults and often lead to significant pain and functional decline. Oligoanalgesia can worsen morbidity. We aimed to describe pain assessment and management practices for older adults presenting to the ED with fragility vertebral compression fractures.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective health records review of adults ≥ 65 years presenting to two tertiary EDs with acute thoracic or lumbar fragility vertebral compression fractures between August 2017 and August 2022. Patients with polytrauma, pathologic, or age-indeterminate fractures were excluded. Eligible cases were identified by ICD-10-CA codes, and data were abstracted using a standardized form. Primary outcomes were initial pain assessment, pain reassessment, and analgesic administration. Secondary outcomes included use of consultant and allied health services, discharge prescriptions, disposition, and 30-day return ED visits. Descriptive statistics were used.

RESULTS: Of 646 screened patients, 296 met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 81.4 (SD 8.3) years; 69.0% were female. An initial pain assessment was documented in 65.5%, but only 4.1% had a discharge pain score documented. Of those who had an initial pain assessment, 51.7% had pain reassessments during their ED care. 10.1% of patients received no analgesia. Acetaminophen (68.6%), opioids (54.7%), and NSAIDs (25.7%) were most frequently used. Consultants were contacted for 45.3% of patients. Allied health services were consulted for 23.3% of patients. Nearly one-third (30.4%) were admitted, primarily for pain management (62.2%); 19.3% of discharged patients returned within 30 days.

CONCLUSION: Emergency department care of older adults presenting with acute fragility compression fractures is suboptimal. Nearly one in three older adults did not have a pain assessment and one in ten received no analgesia during their ED visit. Identifying and overcoming barriers to quality care is crucial to ensure effective pain management for this population.

PMID:42252368 | DOI:10.1007/s43678-026-01178-3

Int J Legal Med. 2026 Jun 8. doi: 10.1007/s00414-026-03858-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Determining the shooting distance is one of the most crucial factors in firearm injuries and fatalities. When determining distance, it is important to carefully consider the barrel length, cartridge and fuse structures, extension, and environmental conditions. This study aims to measure the distance and ascertain the effects of extensions on pellet dispersal.

RESULTS: It was determined that there were noticeable differences in the pellet distributions between rounds fired at the same distance without extensions and those fired with 5-10-15 cm extensions. The diameter of the pellet dispersion decreased statistically as the choke length increased at distances greater than 100 cm (p < 0,05). It was also seen that the diameter of the pellet entry hole shrank in rounds fired between 200 and 400 cm due to an increase in extension length. Statistics showed that the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The largest satellite entrance hole distance decreased with extension length at 200 and 300 cm. There were statistically significant differences in satellite entrance hole distance (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The study’s findings showed that the shotgun extensions directly impact pellet dispersal. It was acknowledged that the shot distance should not be calculated solely on the basis of target features without carefully analyzing the weapon and cartridge used in the incident.

PMID:42252364 | DOI:10.1007/s00414-026-03858-2

Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 7. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-57333-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mango fruits undergo various biochemical changes and ripen rapidly after harvest. This study evaluated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and hot water treatment (HWT) on the maintenance of postharvest quality of mango cv. Dashehari under ambient storage conditions. Physiologically mature fruits were subjected to different treatments, including SA 1 mM, SA 2 mM, HWT, HWT + SA 1 mM, HWT + SA 2 mM, and distilled water (control). Compared with untreated fruits, the combined treatments HWT + SA 1 mM and HWT + SA 2 mM significantly reduced weight loss, decay incidence, electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and activities of fruit softening enzymes, while better maintaining fruit firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid during storage. The responses of these two combined treatments were statistically comparable for most quality attributes; however, fruits treated with HWT + SA 1 mM exhibited significantly lower malondialdehyde content after storage. These findings suggest that the integration of SA with HWT is an effective strategy for delaying ripening and preserving the postharvest biochemical quality of mango fruits under ambient conditions.

PMID:42252351 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-57333-4

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2026 Jun 8. doi: 10.1007/s00259-026-07925-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Numerous clinical features of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) are attributed to dysfunction in subcortical anatomy. Despite this, [¹⁸F]FDG PET imaging as a diagnostic tool for DLB largely relies on the metabolic signature of the occipital lobe, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex. This study aimed to assess subcortical brain metabolism in patients with DLB using [¹⁸F]FDG PET imaging.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with probable DLB were included from both a prospectively maintained regional database (n = 33), and the ADNI database (n = 43). Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, metabolic activity was compared with a cohort of subjects exhibiting normal brain metabolism (n = 19). A sub-analysis was conducted with disease progression included as a covariate.

RESULTS: Hypermetabolism was observed in various subcortical regions, notably in the dentate nucleus, anterolateral thalamus, and regions of the superior cerebellar peduncle. Increased metabolism was also detected in the mesencephalic tectum, likely representing heightened activity in the superior colliculus. All findings were reproduced in the ADNI cohort and were found to be dependent on the DLB disease stage. Additionally, the well-established cortical hypometabolic signature of DLB pathology was evident, validating our methods and findings.

CONCLUSION: Increased metabolic activity is evident in a variety of brainstem, cerebellar, and subcortical regions in patients with DLB. The dentatorubrothalamic tract, in particular, emerges as a structure of interest that connects these structures and potentially helps in understanding DLB pathophysiology. Correction for disease stage eliminated this pattern, suggesting a driver associated with disease progression.

PMID:42252350 | DOI:10.1007/s00259-026-07925-z

Bull Math Biol. 2026 Jun 7;88(6):105. doi: 10.1007/s11538-026-01668-6.

ABSTRACT

High-resolution imaging provides dense trajectories of migrating cells, flocking animals, and synthetic active particles, from which interaction laws can be determined with a wide variety of methods. Yet, distinguishing whether front-back or lateral biases seen in such data reflect intrinsic anisotropy in the interaction kernel or emergent correlations that are nevertheless produced by isotropic pairwise interaction forces remains an open challenge. We resolve this ambiguity by deriving a linear partial differential equation that connects measurable two-point velocity correlations to an unknown, distance- and angle-dependent interaction kernel. Turing-like instabilities can occur which allows for dipolar or quadrupolar patterns to arise even when agents interact according to an underlying attraction-repulsion law that is angle-independent. We then show that incorporating a weak velocity-alignment force can interfere with anisotropic pattern formation by suppressing dipolar patterns. We validate these predictions with agent-based simulations and provide design guidance for experiments that seek to discriminate intrinsic anisotropy from emergent effects.

PMID:42252345 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-026-01668-6

J Clin Neurosci. 2026 Jun 7;152:112128. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2026.112128. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has increasingly been used as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the treatment of carotid artery disease. However, neurological complications following carotid angiography or CAS remain a clinical concern. This study aimed to evaluate whether naturally occurring ABO blood group antigens and hematological parameters are associated with cerebrovascular complications after diagnostic or therapeutic carotid angiography.

METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, patients were classified as blood group O or non-O (A, B, or AB). Cerebrovascular complications were defined as in-hospital amaurosis fugax, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or stroke occurring after carotid angiography or carotid artery stenting (CAS).

RESULTS: A total of 316 patients who underwent carotid angiography were included; 106 (33.5%) had blood group O and 210 (66.5%) had non-O blood groups. Cerebrovascular events were significantly more frequent in patients with non-O blood groups. Stroke occurred in 13.8% of patients with non-O blood groups compared with 1.9% in those with blood group O (p < 0.001), while TIA was also more common in the non-O group (11.0% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.033). When stratified by procedure type, this association was predominantly observed in patients undergoing CAS, whereas cerebrovascular event rates were low and comparable between groups in patients undergoing diagnostic angiography alone. In univariable analysis, diabetes mellitus was associated with stroke (OR = 2.392, p = 0.024), while blood group O was associated with lower odds of stroke (OR = 0.120, p = 0.004). In multivariable analysis, blood group O (OR = 0.127, p = 0.007) and contrast volume (OR per 10 mL increase: 1.218, p < 0.001) remained independently associated with stroke, whereas diabetes mellitus was no longer statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Non-O blood groups were associated with a higher risk of stroke and TIA following carotid angiography, particularly in patients undergoing CAS, whereas blood group O was associated with a lower risk of stroke. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the observational design and potential residual confounding.

PMID:42251813 | DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2026.112128

J Anxiety Disord. 2026 Jun 4;122:103199. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103199. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Understanding how symptom domains relate to one another (e.g., whether generalized anxiety is more similar to depression than to panic) is central to psychiatric classification. We demonstrate a procedure for quantifying relative proximity, defined as whether one symptom domain is statistically closer to another compared to other domains. As a motivating application, we examine the structure of internalizing symptoms characterized by fear, distress, avoidance, and heightened arousal. Using a network approach, we analyzed data from six questionnaires assessing depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. In a community sample of young adults (n = 2051; ages 17-23), we estimated a symptom-level Gaussian graphical model, used community detection to characterize the network’s modular structure, and derived shortest path length to quantify the relative proximity of predefined symptom domains. We then used permutation testing to determine whether distress-related symptom domains (depression, GAD, and PTSD) showed greater empirical proximity to one another compared to fear-related domains (social anxiety, panic, and OCD). Results indicated reciprocal proximity between the depressive and GAD symptom domains compared to other internalizing domains. PTSD showed its greatest relative proximity to depression and GAD. Panic, social anxiety, and OCD did not form a cohesive fear community and showed variable relative proximity to both distress- and fear-related domains. Overall, these findings lend support for a distress-based internalizing dimension encompassing depression, GAD, and possibly PTSD, while providing limited evidence for a fear-based dimension including social anxiety, panic, and OCD.

PMID:42251811 | DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103199

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2026 Jun 4;324:115227. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115227. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the increased birth size linked to frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) compared with fresh embryo transfer (FreET) and natural conception persists at 12 years of age.

METHODS: This multicenter prospective cohort study included singleton children born between 2008 and 2009 at 23 JISART-affiliated facilities in Japan. Children conceived via assisted reproductive technology (ART) (FreET and FET) were compared with those conceived naturally by couples who are infertile without ART. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria (overweight: body mass index [BMI] ≥ 23, obesity: BMI ≥ 27). Analyses were performed using analysis of covariance and multiple regression, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, parity, small/large for gestational age (SGA/LGA), parental body size, education, and infertility duration. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of overweight/obesity.

RESULTS: Of 6,434 children initially contacted, 3,002 eligible singletons (1,115 FreET, 1,341 FET, and 546 non-ART) were included in the birth cohort, with 671 (331 boys, 340 girls) finally enrolled. The adjusted mean weight, height, and BMI did not differ among the FreET, FET, and non-ART groups. The odds ratios for overweight and obesity also showed no significant group differences. Parental body size was associated with child anthropometry, and LGA at birth independently predicted a larger body size and being overweight in boys.

CONCLUSIONS: At 12 years, body size and overweight risk were comparable among the three conception groups (FreET, FET, and non-ART groups). We found no statistical evidence that the FET-associated increase in birth size persisted into early adolescence. Continued follow-up during adolescence is warranted.

PMID:42251806 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115227

Int J Drug Policy. 2026 Jun 7;155:105382. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105382. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The increasing presence of fentanyl in the illicit drug supply has been associated with rising overdose mortality in the United States, but the extent to which it is associated with nonfatal overdose morbidity remains unknown. We examined the association between the proportion of fentanyl reports in illicit drug seizures and state-level rates of nonfatal overdose emergency department (ED) visits.

METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal ecological analysis of 40 US states from 2021 to 2024. Outcomes were annual state-level rates of nonfatal overdose ED visits per 10,000 ED visits, obtained from Drug Overdose Surveillance and Epidemiology Syndromic Surveillance System. The proportion of fentanyl reports among all illicit drug seizure reports was obtained from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System. Annual state-level sociodemographic covariates were obtained from the American Community Survey. Adjusted associations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via linear regression using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, a 10 percentage-point increase in fentanyl seizure proportion was significantly associated with higher nonfatal overdose ED visit rates: opioid-involved (2.18 increase, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.46), fentanyl-involved (0.73 increase, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.18), and cocaine-involved (0.08 increase, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.15). There was no evidence of statistically significant associations with heroin-, stimulant-, methamphetamine-, and benzodiazepine-involved overdose ED visit rates.

CONCLUSIONS: Greater fentanyl penetration in illicit drug seizure reports was significantly associated with higher opioid-, fentanyl-, and cocaine-involved nonfatal overdose ED visit rates across states. These findings suggest that fentanyl saturation is not only a driver of overdose mortality but also contributes to nonfatal overdose burden, with important implications for health system demand and public health preparedness.

PMID:42251803 | DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105382