Tag: pubmed

Rev Med Liege. 2025 Sep;80(9):567-575.

ABSTRACT

Severe emphysema impairs lung function and quality of life in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Despite optimized medical treatment and rehabilitation, some patients require lung volume reduction interventions (endoscopic or surgical). This study evaluates one-year outcomes of patients managed at the Emphysema Clinic of CHU Liège. This retrospective observational and longitudinal single-center study included 65 patients discussed in multidisciplinary meetings between 2021 and 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: treated (n = 24) with bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valves (EBV), lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), or referred for lung transplantation (LTx); and non-treated (n = 41). Clinical and functional parameters were compared at baseline (T0) and after one year (T1). At one year, treated patients showed a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 : +8.19 %, p = 0.0051), six-minute walk test distance (+54.6 m, p = 0.018), and COPD Assesment Test (CAT score : -5.3 points, p = 0.0017). Advanced interventions for emphysema improve respiratory function, walking distance and quality of life in selected patients based on strict criteria and multidisciplinary consultation.

PMID:40931732

Periodontol 2000. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1111/prd.70002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of regenerative procedures compared with access flap surgery for the treatment of intrabony defects, with a minimum follow-up period of 5 years. A systematic review protocol following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Both electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on regenerative treatment of deep intrabony defects (≥3 mm) with a follow-up of at least 5 years. Primary outcome variables were probing depth (PD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, recession depth (REC) and tooth loss. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed using random-effects models. Seventeen RCTs published from 2004 to 2022, accounting for 501 defects, with follow-ups ranging from 5 to 20 years, were included. Thirteen studies with some concerns and four with high risks of bias were identified. Meta-analyses revealed that after ≥5 years of follow-up, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) on the intrabony defect resulted in significant CAL gain (3.27 mm; 95% CI: 2.90-3.65) and PD reduction (4.04 mm; 95% CI: 3.69-4.38) compared with baseline. After ≥5 years, regenerative procedures with biologics, bone grafts, or both showed significant improvements in CAL gain (3.21 mm; 95% CI: 2.72-3.70) and PD reduction (3.92 mm; 95% CI: 3.39-4.44). GTR on the intrabony defects obtained higher long-term CAL gain (1.52 mm; 95% CI: 0.06-3.10) and PD reduction (0.89 mm; 95% CI: 0.22-1.99) than OFD (open flap debridement); however, none of the outcomes reached statistical significance (p = 0.06; p = 0.115). Meta-regression identified significant associations between outcomes and factors, such as follow-up time, surgical technique, membrane type, and baseline measurements. The certainty of evidence was low for CAL and PD outcomes, but high for REC. Long-term studies indicate that regenerative procedures for the intrabony defects, particularly GTR, provide significant improvements in clinical parameters compared with baseline. However, the evidence does not conclusively demonstrate the superiority of regenerative approaches over OFD in the long term.

PMID:40931709 | DOI:10.1111/prd.70002

Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.4274/tao.2025.2025-6-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Nasal mucociliary clearance is the first barrier defense mechanism that protects the respiratory system. This study aimed to assess nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMCT) using saccharine test in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic deviated nasal septum (DNS).

METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary center from February 2022 to July 2023. A total of 40 patients, including 20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic patients with DNS, were included. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale was used to assess the severity of nasal obstruction in patients with symptomatic DNS. NMCT was measured by saccharine test in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic DNS patients. NMCT between these two groups was compared.

RESULTS: There were 27 males and 13 females with a mean age of 28.53±7.86 years. Overall median NMCT was 7 minutes 30 seconds, with a similar duration (7 minutes 30 seconds) in patients with symptomatic DNS and 7 minutes and 15 seconds in asymptomatic patients. The difference in NMCT between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups was not statistically significant. Similarly, it did not differ based on age, gender, or severity of the nasal obstruction.

CONCLUSION: Although NMCT was longer in patients with symptomatic DNS compared to those with asymptomatic DNS, no statistical difference was found. Additionally, NMCT remained within normal physiological limits in both. We thus conclude that NMCT remains unaffected regardless of whether the DNS patient is symptomatic or asymptomatic.

PMID:40931700 | DOI:10.4274/tao.2025.2025-6-5

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2025 Sep 11;383(2304):20240261. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0261. Epub 2025 Sep 11.

ABSTRACT

Chemotaxis allows swimming bacteria to navigate through chemical landscapes. To date, continuum models of chemotactic populations (e.g. Patlak-Keller-Segel models) have considered bacteria responding only to spatial chemical gradients. In these models, chemotactic advection is modelled through a drift velocity proportional to the spatial chemical gradient. In nature and industry, however, bacterial populations experience dynamic, spatio-temporally varying chemical environments, such as the neighbourhood of lysing phytoplankton cells. Recent analyses have shown how temporal gradients can ‘confuse’ individual bacteria, impacting the precision of their gradient estimation. However, very few studies have considered how temporal gradients influence the chemotactic drift velocity of whole populations. Here, we use Monte Carlo simulations to infer the drift velocity of a population when both spatial and temporal gradients are present. We propose an ansatz for the drift velocity, which fits the simulations well. This ansatz allows us to account for how temporal gradients can significantly impact chemotaxis of bacterial populations up a spatial gradient. We explore the consequences of this new effect through a Patlak-Keller-Segel type model applied to single decaying and oscillating pulses of chemoattractant. Finally, we discuss possible biological consequences of our results and extensions of our modelling framework.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological fluid dynamics: emerging directions’.

PMID:40931662 | DOI:10.1098/rsta.2024.0261

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2025 Sep 11;383(2304):20240253. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0253. Epub 2025 Sep 11.

ABSTRACT

Nature uses elongated shapes and filaments to build stable structures, generate motion and allow complex geometric interactions. In this review, we examine the role of biological filaments across different length scales. From the molecular scale, where cytoskeletal filaments provide a robust but dynamic cellular scaffolding, over the scale of cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, to the scale of filamentous microorganisms like cyanobacteria, among the most successful genera on Earth, and even to the scale of elongated animals like worms and snakes, whose motility modes inspire robotic analogues. We highlight the general mechanisms that couple form and function. We discuss physical principles and models, such as classical elasticity and the non-reciprocity of active matter, that can be used to trace unifying themes linking these systems across approximately nine orders of magnitude in length.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological fluid dynamics: emerging directions’.

PMID:40931655 | DOI:10.1098/rsta.2024.0253

Pediatr Transplant. 2025 Nov;29(7):e70167. doi: 10.1111/petr.70167.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Changes to the calculation of the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) have lowered the KDPI of hepatitis C (HCV+) donor kidneys; therefore, increasing the proportion of pediatric-prioritized kidneys that are HCV+. We aimed to study consent rates for HCV+ kidneys among pediatric kidney transplant candidates.

METHODS: We identified pediatric candidates waitlisted from 2019 to 2024 and excluded those who received a living donor transplant. We used logistic regression to identify candidate characteristics associated with HCV+ offer consent and Cox proportional hazards models to determine the association between HCV+ offer consent and the rate of deceased donor transplantation.

RESULTS: Among 3202 candidates included in the analysis, 124 (4%) consented to receive HCV+ deceased donor kidney offers, and 3077 (96%) did not. In adjusted logistic regression, higher candidate age (OR 1.09 per year, 95% CI 1.03-1.15, p = 0.002) and high PRA status (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.42-5.37, p = 0.003) were associated with a higher odds of consenting to receive HCV+ donor offers, whereas Hispanic ethnicity was associated with lower odds (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28-0.72, p = 0.001) of consenting to receive these offers. 2773 candidates (87%) received a transplant. There was no significant association between HCV+ donor offer consent status and transplant rate after adjusting for candidate characteristics. Only 1 received a kidney from a HCV+ donor.

CONCLUSIONS: Consent to receive HCV+ donor kidney offers was rare among pediatric kidney transplant candidates. Allocation changes that increase the proportion of pediatric-prioritized kidneys that are HCV+ may decrease access to transplant for pediatric candidates.

PMID:40931645 | DOI:10.1111/petr.70167

CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Sep;31(9):e70504. doi: 10.1111/cns.70504.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neurological diseases such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease are often accompanied by weakening or loss of proprioception, which seriously affects the motor control ability of the patients. However, proprioception rehabilitation is challenging due to the pain caused by impaired joints and the hard efforts that patients have to make during training. This study investigated the cross-transfer effect of short-term visuomotor training to the untrained wrist from the trained wrist, from both views of behavioral results and brain activity analyses.

METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers aged 25.53 ± 4.95 years were recruited for this study. They were randomly assigned into two groups: the visuomotor (n = 15) group performed visuomotor training (VM group) and the conventional training (n = 15) group (CT group) performed flexion and extension training on the right wrist. Behavioral tests (movement accuracy error, MAE) were performed both before and after training, with electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded. The movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs), event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were calculated in the test session before and after training.

RESULTS: Behavioral results showed that after visuomotor training of the right wrist on the VM group, the mean MAE of both the right wrist and untrained left wrist were reduced (p < 0.05) after training. EEG topography showed reduced brain activity as the behavioral test task became familiar. ERPs showed a decrease in amplitude during the behavioral test for both trained and untrained wrist movements. MRCPs latency significantly increased at C3 and C4 while amplitude decreased at C3 and Cz for the right wrist; latency significantly increased at C3 while amplitude decreased at Cz for the left wrist. Increased power at CP3 for the right wrist and CP4 for the left wrist in α-frequency ERSP after VM was observed; reduced power in β-frequency ERSP after VM was observed for both wrists. For the CT group, the mean MAE of the trained right wrist increased (p < 0.05) after training, while the untrained left wrist showed no statistical significance. No significant energy changes corresponding to the left/right wrist were observed in EEG topography after training. There was a noticeable decrease in ERPs amplitude at the central and parietal regions for both the left and right wrists. The MRCPs latency significantly increased at C3 for the right wrist; however, the latency and amplitude did not significantly change for the left wrist. Decreased power at FC3 and CP3 for the right wrist in α-frequency ERSP after CT was observed. From the regression analysis, the behavioral improvement of VM-R was correlated with CP3; the behavioral improvement of VM-L was correlated with C3, C4, CP3, and CP4.

CONCLUSIONS: Visuomotor training on the right wrist led to proprioceptive improvements in both the trained and untrained wrists, demonstrating a cross-transfer effect. These findings suggest that visuomotor training could be used in rehabilitation protocols to improve proprioception in patients with neurological diseases, offering a less painful and more efficient method to restore motor control.

PMID:40931616 | DOI:10.1111/cns.70504

Biom J. 2025 Oct;67(5):e70072. doi: 10.1002/bimj.70072.

ABSTRACT

Phase I dose escalation trials in oncology generally aim to find the maximum tolerated dose. However, with the advent of molecular-targeted therapies and antibody drug conjugates, dose-limiting toxicities are less frequently observed, giving rise to the concept of optimal biological dose (OBD), which considers both efficacy and toxicity. The estimand framework presented in the addendum of the ICH E9(R1) guidelines strengthens the dialogue between different stakeholders by bringing in greater clarity in the clinical trial objectives and by providing alignment between the targeted estimand under consideration and the statistical analysis methods. However, there is a lack of clarity in implementing this framework in early-phase dose optimization studies. This paper aims to discuss the estimand framework for dose optimization trials in oncology, considering efficacy and toxicity through utility functions. Such trials should include pharmacokinetics data, toxicity data, and efficacy data. Based on these data, the analysis methods used to identify the optimized dose/s are also described. Focusing on optimizing the utility function to estimate the OBD, the population-level summary measure should reflect only the properties used for estimating this utility function. A detailed strategy recommendation for intercurrent events has been provided using a real-life oncology case study. Key recommendations regarding the estimand attributes include that in a seamless phase I/II dose optimization trial, the treatment attribute should start when the subject receives the first dose. We argue that such a framework brings in additional clarity to dose optimization trial objectives and strengthens the understanding of the drug under consideration, which would enable the correct dose to move to phase II of clinical development.

PMID:40931383 | DOI:10.1002/bimj.70072

Wounds. 2025 Aug;37(8):283-291.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To estimate the prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds.

METHODS: The authors performed a systematic review of prevalence studies and meta-analysis, structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were searched in Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), MEDLINE/PubMed (National Institutes of Health), and Embase (Elsevier) databases. Data collected included the author and year of publication, total number of lesions evaluated, number of lesions with biofilm, detected bacteria, biofilm levels, country where the research was conducted, and the methodological quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model in R software (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing).

RESULTS: A total of 281 articles were retrieved; after applying the reading and exclusion criteria, 24 studies were included. The meta-analysis incorporated 24 studies from 12 countries, evaluating 2666 lesions with a biofilm prevalence of 68% (95% CI, 58%-79%; I² = 92%). A high prevalence was observed in Asian publications (73%; 95% CI, 62%-84%; I² = 98%), with of Staphylococcus aureus (71%; 95% CI, 51%-90%; I² = 98%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (65%; 95% CI, 47%-82%; I² = 98%) being the most common found in all publications.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the methodological heterogeneity of the studies included in this review, the findings indicate a high prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds presented in the studies that made up the sample.

PMID:40931368

BMC Emerg Med. 2025 Sep 10;25(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s12873-025-01344-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Identifying suspected anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion (aLVO) strokes during emergency calls could enhance dispatch efficiency, particularly in rural areas. However, data on emergency medical dispatchers’ (EMDs) ability to recognize aLVO symptoms remain limited. This simulation study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of identifying side-specific arm paresis, side-specific conjugate eye deviation (CED), and aphasia during emergency calls by instructing layperson callers to perform brief, standardized examination steps. Two communication methods were compared: (1) telephone calls and (2) video calls.

METHODS: Forty-eight laypersons interacted with simulated patients presenting various stroke syndromes. Simulated EMDs conducted standardized assessments during simulated emergency calls, guiding laypersons through patient examinations.

RESULTS: In 96 telephone-assisted and 95 video-assisted calls, EMDs identified aLVO stroke symptoms with high accuracy. In telephone calls, accuracy was 0.92 for side-specific arm paresis, 0.98 for side-specific CED, and 0.88-0.99 for aphasia. In video calls, accuracy was 0.97 for side-specific arm paresis, 0.97 for side-specific CED, and 0.94-1.00 for aphasia.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that EMDs can identify stroke symptoms indicative for aLVO via both telephone and video calls using a standardized dispatch protocol to guide lay bystanders. This study provides a foundation for future real-world research on implementing aLVO detection protocols in emergency dispatch.

PMID:40931358 | DOI:10.1186/s12873-025-01344-3