Tag: pubmed

J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Oct 11:S0022-3913(25)00768-1. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technologies, including additive manufacturing (3-dimensional printing), have been increasingly applied in dentistry. Assessments of the wear resistance and optimized parameters of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed denture teeth are lacking.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the wear resistance of denture teeth fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) at 0-, 45-, and 90-degree build orientations with prefabricated acrylic resin denture teeth.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rectangular cuboid specimens (n=10 per subgroup) were fabricated using SLA and DLP in 3 build orientations (0-, 45-, and 90-degree). A separate control group of prefabricated acrylic resin teeth, which had no orientation levels, served as an independent comparator. After thermocycling, all specimens underwent 2-body wear testing against zirconia antagonists for 120 000 cycles. Wear depth and volume loss were quantified with a contact profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface morphology analysis. Statistical analysis of technology and orientations was performed using 2-way ANOVA. For overall comparison including the control, a separate 1-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05) was conducted.

RESULTS: No significant interaction between printing technology and orientation was found for wear volume loss (P=.179) or wear depth (P=.494). Printing technology significantly influenced wear depth and volume loss (P<.001); orientation had an effect on volume loss (P=.049) but not on wear depth (P=.611). Post hoc analysis showed DLP groups had lower wear than SLA and control. The control group exhibited intermediate wear resistance. The SEM images showed that DLP surfaces had narrow scratches with occasional cracking, SLA surfaces had smoother wear with shallow plowing, and the control group showed rougher textures with more pronounced cracks.

CONCLUSIONS: Printing technology significantly affected wear resistance, with DLP outperforming SLA. Orientation had minimal effect. Filler-containing 3D printed resins may enhance wear resistance.

PMID:41077498 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.036

Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2025 Sep 22:S1499-3872(25)00161-4. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2025.09.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health challenge. While first-line treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved patient outcomes, the selection of effective second-line therapies remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of regorafenib as a second-line option in advanced HCC patients post-progression on ICI-based therapies.

METHODS: Advanced HCC patients from eight hospitals in China who received regorafenib after progression on first-line ICI therapies, alone or combined with ICIs were enrolled. Clinical data were collected, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to ensure comparability between treatment groups. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events. The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2400091318).

RESULTS: A total of 149 patients were included: 113 in the combination therapy group (Rego-ICI group) and 36 in the regorafenib monotherapy group (Rego group). After PSM, the Rego-ICI group showed significantly improved and OS [19.0 vs. 11.0 months, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.426, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.235-0.772, P = 0.005] and PFS (4.0 vs. 3.0 months, HR = 0.539, 95% CI: 0.337-0.863, P = 0.010) compared to the Rego group. Differences in ORR and DCR were not statistically significant (ORR: 19.4% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.226; DCR: 64.2% vs. 48.4%, P = 0.139), but the Rego-ICI group showed better disease control. Regorafenib plus ICI improved both OS and PFS with no new safety signals.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ICIs and regorafenib significantly enhances OS in advanced HCC patients post-progression on first-line ICI treatments. These findings support the potential of regorafenib plus ICIs as an effective second-line therapy.

PMID:41077497 | DOI:10.1016/j.hbpd.2025.09.004

Rev Infirm. 2025 Oct;74(314):33-35. doi: 10.1016/j.revinf.2025.07.031. Epub 2025 Sep 26.

ABSTRACT

Physical inactivity and overactivity are two extremes that can have harmful consequences on health. Adapted physical activities (APAs) are emerging as an alternative to promote a beneficial balance for patients’ physical, psychological, and social health. This article explores the role of healthcare professionals in raising awareness of APAs, particularly in hot weather, to ensure that the benefits are not offset by undue health risks. The aim is to emphasize that the importance of physical activity is conditional on the implementation of essential precautions for the safety of all participants, whether or not they have specific needs.

PMID:41077451 | DOI:10.1016/j.revinf.2025.07.031

Rev Infirm. 2025 Oct;74(314):20-22. doi: 10.1016/j.revinf.2025.07.026. Epub 2025 Sep 23.

ABSTRACT

In 2024, state-certified transplant coordination nurses (Idec) at the Henri-Bismuth Hepatobiliary Center received 754 proposals for liver and pancreatic transplants. Based on a statistical analysis of the activity, this article highlights the specificities of the Idec’s on-call duty in the context of transplantation.

PMID:41077446 | DOI:10.1016/j.revinf.2025.07.026

Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2025 Nov;17(6):e70033. doi: 10.1111/luts.70033.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent and often underreported due to various barriers affecting healthcare-seeking behavior. This study aimed to identify barriers preventing patients from seeking help for UI, assess the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on these barriers, and determine the associations between UI types and barriers in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: A nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2024 to April 2025 among individuals aged ≥ 18 years who experienced UI and had not sought medical consultation. Participants completed a questionnaire that comprised sociodemographic data, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), and a modified Barriers to Incontinence Care Seeking Questionnaire (BICS-Q). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 505 eligible participants, 80.6% were female, predominantly aged 31-45 (40.0%), and the most common UI type was mixed UI (37.2%). The most significant barriers were embarrassment (33.3%), logistical inconvenience (appointments scheduled too far in advance, 36.8%), and provider-related issues (lack of available providers, 12.3%). Gender, obesity, residency region, and type of UI significantly influenced barrier perception. Fear-related barriers were notably higher in nocturnal UI, whereas embarrassment and cultural concerns were highest among those with mixed UI.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant embarrassment, inconvenience, and provider-related barriers deterring healthcare-seeking among UI patients in Saudi Arabia. Findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored interventions, improved healthcare accessibility, and targeted public awareness campaigns.

PMID:41077429 | DOI:10.1111/luts.70033

Nurs Health Sci. 2025 Dec;27(4):e70240. doi: 10.1111/nhs.70240.

ABSTRACT

To develop guidelines for the care of long-term cancer survivors and their families for primary care nurses. A modified Delphi study was conducted. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a panel of 16 expert nurses to obtain consensus. For each identified guideline, consensus needed to exceed 70%, as measured using a Likert-type scale. A two-round Delphi study was conducted to achieve agreement among the expert panel. Round 1 data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis for open-ended responses, while quantitative analysis, including descriptive statistics, was performed in Round 2. After two rounds of evaluation, a final document comprising 58 guidelines across six main themes was established. Of these, 29 guidelines achieved 100% consensus among the experts. The guidelines developed in this study provide a foundation for designing care strategies for long-term cancer survivors and their families, serving as a valuable resource for primary care nurses. By offering a distinct nursing perspective, these guidelines complement existing multidisciplinary frameworks and contribute original, discipline-specific insights to the broader field of survivorship care.

PMID:41077426 | DOI:10.1111/nhs.70240

J ISAKOS. 2025 Oct 10:101012. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Large posterolateral CAM deformities represent a technically challenging entity due to the posterior location of the asphericity of the head-neck junction. The aim of this study was to determine whether access to the posterior CAM is improved in patients with concomitant hip dysplasia via a Hueter approach. It was hypothesized that an arthrotomy prior to periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) via the Hueter approach allows for elimination of the pistol grip deformity in dysplastic hips.

METHODS: A single-surgeon series of 342 PAOs performed between June 2023 and May 2025 was retrospectively assessed. Seventeen hips with dysplasia and a concomitant pistol-grip deformity were identified. Pre- and postoperative measures of global femoral-head coverage (lateral center-edge angle, acetabular index, extrusion index, anterior and posterior wall indices) and femoral offset (anteroposterior and axial α-angles) were collected. The elimination of the pistol-grip deformity was confirmed independently by two observers. A matched cohort of isolated-PAO hips served to compare surgical time.

RESULTS: There were only 17 (4.97%) dysplastic hips undergoing PAO with a concomitant pistol-grip deformity, indicating that this is a rather rare combination of pathologies. Of these, 11 (64.71%) were male. The femoral offset correction performed via the Hueter approach effectively restored a physiological offset, as shown by a statistical significant reduction in the α-angle on anteroposterior (88.51 ± 13.17° to 60.86 ± 16.24°, p < 0.0001) and axial (82.49 ± 10.37° to 51.31 ± 11.21°, p < 0.0001) radiographs. The pistol-grip deformity was completely eliminated in all 17 hips. The combined procedure of PAO and femoral offset correction required statistical significantly more surgical time than isolated PAO (101.06 ± 21.34 min vs. 56.06 ± 16.75 min; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that, in dysplastic hips, excellent access to the posterolateral CAM lesion characteristic of the pistol-grip deformity can be achieved. The posterior CAM deformity can be corrected through an arthrotomy via the Hueter approach, making use of the acetabular undercoverage to correct the posterior CAM, prior to performing the re-orientation to correct dysplasia.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

PMID:41077351 | DOI:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101012

Contraception. 2025 Oct 10:111254. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2025.111254. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The Nepal government allows medication abortion pills to be dispensed from pharmacies if the patient has a prescription. We aimed to assess the availability of medication abortion pills, with and without a prescription, from pharmacies and the provision practices of pharmacy workers in Eastern Nepal.

STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 489 pharmacy workers to document knowledge, availability, and provision practices related to medication abortion pills. After a month, we revisited 180 pharmacies using a mystery client approach to understand actual provision practices. We analyzed these data with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Pharmacy workers in about 16% (n=28/180) of surveyed pharmacies reported selling medication abortion pills. In contrast, mystery clients obtained these pills without a prescription in more than one-third (n=69/180, 38%) of their visits. All mystery clients obtained mifepristone and misoprostol either through combination packages (n=59/69, 86%) or in separate packages (n=10/69, 14%). Mystery clients paid an average of 1062 Nepali Rupees (NRS) (approximately USD8), about 1.6 times more than the NRS654 (approximately USD5) price reported during the survey. Pharmacy workers asked mystery clients questions about gestational age to confirm pregnancy status and provided information on the timing of use and possible side effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the current regulatory status, our findings suggest mifepristone and misoprostol are available without a prescription in about two out of five community pharmacies in Eastern Nepal. Supporting efforts to ensure women seeking medication abortion pills from pharmacies have up-to-date and medically accurate information appears warranted.

IMPLICATIONS: Despite the regulatory status of medication abortion pills, pharmacies are increasingly becoming key players in the community-based distribution of mifepristone/misoprostol in Nepal. Task-sharing through pharmacy workers in providing medication abortion pills without a prescription at scale could advance equitable access to abortion care. Ensuring appropriate training and support for pharmacy workers is essential to safeguard service quality and safety.

PMID:41077341 | DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.111254

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):130402. doi: 10.1103/vn83-mt2v.

ABSTRACT

When an external parameter drives a system across a quantum phase transition at a finite rate, work is performed on the system and entropy is dissipated, due to creation of excitations via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Although both the adiabatic and sudden-quench limits have been studied in detail, the quantum work statistics along the crossover connecting these limits has largely been an open question. Here, we obtain exact scaling functions for the work statistics along the full crossover from adiabatic to sudden-quench limits for critical quantum impurity problems, by combining linear response theory, conformal field theory, and the numerical renormalization group. These predictions can be tested in charge-multichannel Kondo quantum dot devices, where the dissipated work corresponds to the creation of nontrivial excitations such as Majorana fermions or Fibonacci anyons.

PMID:41076717 | DOI:10.1103/vn83-mt2v

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):137101. doi: 10.1103/y5pn-5ynd.

ABSTRACT

The molecular motion in heterogeneous media displays anomalous diffusion by the mean-squared displacement ⟨X^{2}(t)⟩=2Dt^{α}. Motivated by experiments reporting populations of the anomalous diffusion parameters α and D, we aim to disentangle their respective contributions to the observed variability when this last is due to a true population of these parameters and when it arises due to finite-duration recordings. We introduce estimators of the anomalous diffusion parameters on the basis of the time-averaged mean-squared displacement and study their statistical properties. By using a copula approach, we derive a formula for the joint density function of their estimations conditioned on their actual values. The methodology introduced is indeed universal, it is valid for any Gaussian process and can be applied to any quadratic time-averaged statistics. We also explain the experimentally reported relation D∝exp(αc_{1}+c_{2}) for which we provide the exact expression. We compare our findings to numerical simulations of the fractional Brownian motion and quantify their accuracy by using the Hellinger distance. Finally, we provide guidelines and routines for fitting experimental data.

PMID:41076704 | DOI:10.1103/y5pn-5ynd