Tag: pubmed

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):131901. doi: 10.1103/gf42-qzd9.

ABSTRACT

We present a novel technique to incorporate precision calculations from quantum chromodynamics into fully differential particle-level Monte Carlo simulations. By minimizing an information-theoretic quantity subject to constraints, our reweighted Monte Carlo incorporates systematic uncertainties absent in individual Monte Carlo predictions, achieving consistency with the theory input in precision and its estimated systematic uncertainties. Our method can be applied to arbitrary observables known from precision calculations, including multiple observables simultaneously. It generates strictly positive weights, thus offering a clear path to statistically powerful and theoretically precise computations for current and future collider experiments. As a proof of concept, we apply our technique to event-shape observables at electron-positron colliders, leveraging existing precision calculations of thrust. Our analysis highlights the importance of logarithmic moments of event shapes, which have not been previously studied in the collider physics literature.

PMID:41076691 | DOI:10.1103/gf42-qzd9

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):134001. doi: 10.1103/xpwj-txlp.

ABSTRACT

Experimental and numerical studies of incompressible turbulence suggest that the mean dissipation rate of kinetic energy remains constant as the Reynolds number tends to infinity (or the nondimensional viscosity tends to zero). This anomalous behavior is central to many theories of high-Reynolds-number turbulence and has been termed the “zeroth law” for this reason. Here, we report a sequence of direct numerical simulations of incompressible Navier-Stokes in a box with periodic boundary conditions, which indicate the likelihood that the anomaly vanishes at a rate that agrees with the scaling of third moment of absolute velocity increments. Our results suggest that turbulence without solid boundaries or walls may not develop strong enough singularities to sustain the strict version of the zeroth law.

PMID:41076680 | DOI:10.1103/xpwj-txlp

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):133602. doi: 10.1103/xcxr-sm9c.

ABSTRACT

We show that idealized Dicke superradiant decay from a fully inverted state can at all times be described by a positive statistical mixture of coherent spin states (CSS). Since CSS are separable, this implies that no entanglement is involved in Dicke decay. Based on this result, we introduce a new numerical quantum trajectory approach leading to low-entanglement unravelings. This opens up new possibilities for employing matrix product state (MPS) techniques for large-scale numerical simulations with collective decay processes.

PMID:41076678 | DOI:10.1103/xcxr-sm9c

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):137102. doi: 10.1103/gwdh-3vqm.

ABSTRACT

Characterizing the statistical properties of classical interacting particle systems is a long-standing question. For Brownian particles, the microscopic density obeys a stochastic evolution equation, known as the Dean-Kawasaki equation. This equation remains mostly formal and linearization (or higher-order expansions) is required to obtain explicit expressions for physical observables, with a range of validity not easily defined. Here, by combining macroscopic fluctuation theory with equilibrium statistical mechanics, we provide a systematic alternative to the Dean-Kawasaki framework to characterize large-scale correlations. This approach enables us to obtain explicit and exact results for the large-scale behavior of dynamical observables such as tracer cumulants and bath-tracer correlations in one dimension, both in and out of equilibrium. In particular, we reveal a generic nonmonotonic spatial structure in the response of the bath following a temperature quench. Our approach applies to a broad class of interaction potentials and extends naturally to higher dimensions.

PMID:41076676 | DOI:10.1103/gwdh-3vqm

Intern Med J. 2025 Oct;55(10):1762-1765. doi: 10.1111/imj.70151. Epub 2025 Aug 21.

ABSTRACT

The use of social media continues to introduce novel means for the communication of scientific knowledge. We assessed the change in social media use between pandemics regarding total shares, rates of dissemination and rates of global uptake of articles communicating the spread of diseases between epicentres. We found a substantial temporal increase in the use of social media for this purpose, as well as large global discrepancies in circulation, highlighting the role social media has in the communication of scientific knowledge globally and the importance of journals adopting social media policies.

PMID:41076619 | DOI:10.1111/imj.70151

Clin Drug Investig. 2025 Oct 12. doi: 10.1007/s40261-025-01494-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lazertinib, a potent and irreversible third-generation oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown promising efficacy and favorable tolerability in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). On the basis of in vitro findings, lazertinib is primarily metabolized by glutathione conjugation via glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), occurring via enzymatic activity of GST or non-enzymatic processes, as well as through cytochrome P450 3A4. Here, we report the effect of GSTM1 on lazertinib pharmacokinetics (PK) using clinical evaluations.

METHODS: The effect of GSTM1 on lazertinib PK was evaluated in multiple phase 1 pharmacology studies. Clinical studies (NCT03556436, NCT04410081, and NCT05076877) involving healthy adult participants given lazertinib were analyzed on the basis of GSTM1 genotype (null [i.e., no expression] or non-null [i.e., expression]).

RESULTS: In a clinical study where participants were genotyped and analyzed to determine the association of lazertinib plasma maximum concentration (C_max) and area under curve (AUC) with a panel of genes known to affect PK, GSTM1 genotype showed a statistically significant association with AUC. Compared with null GSTM1 participants, non-null GSTM1 participants had relatively lower plasma exposure owing to increased GSTM1-mediated clearance. The mean single-dose and steady-state plasma C_max and AUC of lazertinib was 1.1- to 1.8-fold and 1.4- to 2.2-fold higher in null GSTM1 participants, respectively. The safety profiles of lazertinib were generally comparable across null and non-null GSTM1 participants.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, GSTM1 status affected lazertinib PK in healthy participants and hence further research is warranted to determine the magnitude of PK differences and whether they are clinically meaningful in the NSCLC patient population intended to be treated with lazertinib.

PMID:41076618 | DOI:10.1007/s40261-025-01494-z

Obes Surg. 2025 Oct 12. doi: 10.1007/s11695-025-08305-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective and durable long-term treatment for severe obesity, yet less than 1% of eligible patients undergo surgery. Thus, we explored the perceptions and experiences of patients with obesity seeking BS prior to obtaining a referral for surgery.

METHODS: A survey was prospectively administered to patients who were referred to our institution from March 25, 2023, to May 28, 2024. Questions assessed patients’ initial exposure to BS, perceptions of its safety and efficacy, who initiated referral discussions, and whether patients would have considered surgery earlier if prompted by their healthcare provider. Statistical analyses included Chi-square test. Qualitative analysis using thematic analysis was conducted for free-text responses.

RESULTS: Out of 327 patients invited, 118 completed the survey (36.1%). The majority of participants (57.9%) initiated discussions about BS with their provider, and 79.7% would have considered BS sooner if approached earlier. Respondents had considered BS for 3.8 years on average (standard deviation = 5.3). The most important contributions of BS for patients were “improved health” (94.1%) and “improved appearance” (31.6%). The most commonly reported barriers to obtaining a referral included cost (55.1%), followed by safety (45.8%) and efficacy (33.1%) concerns.

DISCUSSION: Our findings underscore the importance of proactive and early engagement between providers and patients regarding BS referrals. Addressing safety and efficacy concerns through comprehensive patient education by providers may improve BS referral rates by removing patients’ perceived barriers to care. Financial concerns remain a significant barrier to BS utilization and should be further investigated and addressed.

PMID:41076616 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-025-08305-6

Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2025 Oct 12;80(4):170. doi: 10.1007/s11130-025-01401-z.

ABSTRACT

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have attracted interest for their potential health benefits, yet their overall effectiveness remains uncertain due to limited high-quality evidence and heterogeneity across studies. This umbrella review critically synthesizes data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of chia supplementation on key health outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies assessed outcomes including blood pressure, lipid profiles, inflammation, and anthropometric measures. Methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR-2, and certainty of evidence was graded using GRADE. Meta-analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software v3.7, with Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals (CI); significance was set at P < 0.05. Eight meta-analyses involving approximately 2,500 participants were included. Chia supplementation resulted in significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure (g = -0.550; 95% CI: -0.718 to -0.382), systolic blood pressure (g = -0.119; 95% CI: -0.228 to -0.010), total cholesterol (g = -0.300), LDL-C (g = -0.300), triglycerides (g = -0.200), waist circumference (g = -0.289), and C-reactive protein (g = -0.165). However, a small reduction in HDL-C was also observed (g = -0.093). Overall, chia supplementation may offer modest but statistically significant benefits for improving blood pressure, lipid profiles, inflammation, and central obesity. The certainty of evidence, based on GRADE assessments, ranged from moderate to low for most outcomes. .

PMID:41076614 | DOI:10.1007/s11130-025-01401-z

J Robot Surg. 2025 Oct 12;19(1):682. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02888-z.

ABSTRACT

With waiting lists for elective surgery at an all-time high in the NHS, achieving safe, effective and efficient surgery has become paramount. “HIT lists” (high intensity theatre lists) have gained popularity and have successfully been implemented in institutions within the NHS to improve productivity across specialties with a view to achieving waiting list reduction. Achieving efficiency through meticulous planning and parallel processing has been shown to be effective in urology but has yet to be reported in the context of (robotic) general surgery. With 75,000 cholecystectomies performed in the UK on an annual basis, the issue of high throughput for this procedure is of particular relevance. Here, we report the successful application of HIT principles in the context of an NHS hospital, for the first time using a single team and a single theatre, performing up to 10 robotic cholecystectomies during a standard working day and hereafter being referred to as an “stHIT list”. We increased theatre utilisation by up to 100% with a significant potential overall increase in income in the context of a tariff-based reimbursement framework compared to a standard 5 case laparoscopic list.

PMID:41076601 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-025-02888-z

JAMA. 2025 Oct 12. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.18572. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41076589 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2025.18572