Tag: pubmed

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(3):301-307. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M24000898.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aging in Mexico is heterogeneous considering the ethnic diversity and social inequality that prevails. The condition of ethnicity allows us to delve deeper into the social and health inequalities that do not allow for healthy aging.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to compare the levels of functionality of older people by ethnicity and its associated factors in Mexico.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: People aged 60 years and over were selected from the 2020 Census sample, grouping according to their ethnic status (Indigenous, Afro-Mexican and non-Indigenous and non-afro Mexican). As a dependent variable, the Functional Impairment Index (IDF) was constructed with principal components analysis, using the battery of disability questions; Generalized linear models were performed to analyse the factors associated by ethnicity status.

RESULTS: Indigenous older people have higher IDF values, followed by Afro-Mexican. Indigenous women and those who live in rural areas have higher values of functional impairment.

CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to address the needs of the older Indigenous and Afro-Mexican population who face an old age with greater social disadvantage and functional deterioration.

PMID:39602617 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.M24000898

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(3):247-257. doi: 10.24875/GMM.24000074.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Information about access to the public health system for elders is lacking in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: Develop a cascade of access to the public health system in Mexican older adults and identify factors that could promote or hinder it.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2018, 2021, and 2022 National Health and Nutrition Survey rounds. A cascade of access to the public health system was constructed. Multivariate regression models were performed to identify related factors.

RESULTS: 43.33%, 40.85%, and 43.79% of older adults had access to the public health system in 2018, 2021, and 2022, respectively. In 2018, frailty increased 2.419 times the probability of having access. While, being married or in union, being literate, and living in an urban residency increased access in 2021 and 2022.

CONCLUSIONS: There are persistently low levels of public healthcare access among older Mexican adults. Frailty elders had more probability of having access in 2018. Seguro Popular might have promoted access by overcoming organizational obstacles from the public system and surpassing sociodemographic barriers. After its elimination, sociodemographic variables became more relevant in promoting or reducing access.

PMID:39602615 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.24000074

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(3):313-321. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M24000899.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The most common traumatic injury among older individuals worldwide is hip fracture. Higher incidence after 70 years old and women (80-85%). Hospital discharges in Mexico have little evidence.

OBJECTIVE: Describe hospital discharges from hip fractures in the Mexican public health system from 2013 to 2022.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive study using open data on hospital discharges from the Mexican public health system from 2013-2022, available by the General Direction of Health Information of the Secretary of Health, focused on discharge reports for hip fractures in people aged ≥ 60 years and any sex. The study describes individual variables, hospital discharge, and the federal entities where health care was provided.

RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2022, there have been 230,060 (2.11%) discharges due to hip fractures in people aged ≥ 60 years within the Mexican public health system; the highest concentration in patients with ≥ 80 years old and women (69.2%). The Mexican Social Security Institute reported the highest number of discharges (n = 126,093), with the highest percentage due to improvement (93.7%).

CONCLUSIONS: Hip fracture is a problem that requires more significant care resources in Mexico.

PMID:39602614 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.M24000899

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(3):322-329. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M240009322.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The study of the work and health of older adults is limited but relevant considering that the living and health conditions in which they age are not the best in Mexico, given the job insecurity that does not access to decent contributory pensions.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the differences in the sociodemographic, labour and health conditions characteristics of two cohorts of older people aged 65 to 74 years who are employed in the labour market.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of the National Study of Health and Aging in Mexico for 2001 and 2021 of sociodemographic and work characteristics and health conditions by cohort and sex. Logistic regression models, whose dependent variable was the birth cohort, were estimated.

RESULTS: 1,115 people from 2001 and 1,189 from 2021 between 65 and 74 years old who worked the week before the study were included. By sex and cohort, findings are presented.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the schooling of older people in the most recent cohort has increased, women face more precarious working conditions and a higher prevalence of disability.

PMID:39602612 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.M240009322

Swiss Med Wkly. 2024 Oct 14;154:3778. doi: 10.57187/s.3778.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maintaining physical activity throughout life is crucial for overall health and wellbeing. Yet the age-related decline in average physical activity, a natural phenomenon also observed in animals, poses a challenge. This study aimed to investigate whether participation in organised sports supported by the Swiss Youth+Sports (Y+S) programme is associated with sustaining or enhancing physical activity among children and adolescents during 5 years of follow-up.

METHODS: The longitudinal study was nested in the population-based SOPHYA (Swiss children’s Objectively measured PHYsical Activity) cohort. Participants aged 6-16 years at SOPHYA1 (2014) with complete accelerometer data from baseline and follow-up assessment (SOPHYA2, 2019) were included. The primary exposure was participation in organised sport during the follow-up period, calculated by linkage with the Y+S database as the number of days with at least one activity in Y+S-offered programmes for ages 5 to 20 years. The primary outcome was the categorisation of participants into physical activity “improvers” or “worseners”. Improvers in the respective physical activity categories – total activity counts per minute (CPM), minutes in moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), minutes in light activity (LPA) and minutes in sedentary behaviour (SB) – increased or maintained their active physical activity during the 5 follow-up years. Information on confounders and effect modifiers (sex, age, body mass index (BMI), language region, household income, education) was obtained by self-report at baseline. Logistic regressions examined the relationship between organised sport participation and the probability of being a physical activity improver in each physical activity intensity category separately. Covariates for the final models were selected through a stepwise procedure based on the Bayesian information criterion from a maximal model containing all covariates as well as all two-way interactions with organised sport and between them. All models were a priori adjusted for technical variables (season of measurement; wear time; duration of follow-up).

RESULTS: The analysis included 432 participants. There was a strong CPM, MVPA and LPA decline from 2014 to 2019, but an increase in SB. Nevertheless, the prevalence of improvers was 22.5% for CPM, 9.5% for MVPA, 26.9% for LPA and 9.7% for SB. Engagement in organised sport between 2014 and 2019 was positively associated with CPM, MVPA and SB, but not with LPA improver status. For 30 additional days of participation in organised sport over the five years of the study, the odds of being an improver vs being a worsener increased by 4.0% for CPM (95% CI: 0.13-7.69), 6.2% for MVPA (95% CI: 0.82-11.54) and 6.0% for SB (95% CI:-1.49-13.97).

CONCLUSION: The results provide supporting evidence that organised sport in the context of the Swiss Y+S programme may empower the young to maintain an active lifestyle and even offset the age-related decline in physical activity.

PMID:39602611 | DOI:10.57187/s.3778

JMIR Ment Health. 2024 Nov 27;11:e63234. doi: 10.2196/63234.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Routine process and outcome monitoring interventions added to psychotherapy are known to improve treatment outcomes, although they vary in format and effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether a therapist-independent, internet-based routine process monitoring and feedback system could significantly reduce psychological distress and enhance the quality of the therapeutic relationship compared with a treatment-as-usual control group among individuals already engaged in individual psychotherapy.

METHODS: We randomized 475 participants into either the intervention group, which received access to an internet-based routine process monitoring and feedback system in addition to psychotherapy, or the control group, which received only psychotherapy. The trial lasted for 10 weeks. Follow-up assessments at 5 weeks and 10 weeks used the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure as the primary outcome, with the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised and the Real Relationship Inventory-Client form as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS: Per-protocol analyses (n=166) showed that psychological distress decreased in both groups, but there was no significant advantage for the intervention group. The intervention group experienced a decline in the genuineness dimension score of the real relationship, with an effect size of d=-0.27, compared with d=0.01 in the control group. In the intervention group (but not in the control group), dropouts showed significantly lower real relationship levels (P=.002), working alliance quality (P=.051), and emotional disclosure (P=.01) compared with those who completed the study. Additionally, logistic regression revealed distinct predictors of dropout within the control group and intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not provide conclusive evidence for the efficacy of the new internet-based intervention in enhancing self-monitoring and prompting reflection on patients’ emotional responses to their therapists. However, the intervention appears to influence patients’ perceptions of the genuineness dimension in the therapeutic relationship, warranting further investigation. We hypothesize that this alteration in the genuineness dimension could be attributed to the intervention facilitating a more realistic and accurate perception of the therapeutic relationship among participants.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06038747; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06038747.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/55369.

PMID:39602203 | DOI:10.2196/63234

Hematology. 2024 Dec;29(1):2433799. doi: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2433799. Epub 2024 Nov 27.

ABSTRACT

Background: The relationship between different types of autoimmune diseases and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is inconclusive. Therefore, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine whether genetically predicted susceptibility to ten autoimmune diseases is associated with the risk of MDS.Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with 10 autoimmune diseases were extracted from the summary statistics of European genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A two-sample MR analysis was performed using summary-level statistics sourced from GWAS datasets. Inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) were further supported by several sensitivity analyses.Results: Four autoimmune diseases showed genetical predisposition to MDS: rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.186,95% CI = 1.028-1.367, P = 0.019), multiple sclerosis (OR = 1.247, 95% CI = 1.013-1.534, P = 0.037), myasthenia gravis (OR = 1.326,95% CI = 1.010-1.742, P = 0.042), and Hashimoto thyroiditis(OR = 1.519,95% CI = 1.008-2.290, P = 0.046). Nevertheless, no similar causal relationship was found between the remaining seven autoimmune diseases and MDS. The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed by sensitivity tests.Conclusions: We are the first to use MR analysis to explore the relationship between autoimmune diseases and MDS. The mechanism needs to be further explored.

PMID:39602202 | DOI:10.1080/16078454.2024.2433799

JAMA. 2024 Nov 27. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.18494. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:39602184 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2023.18494

J Am Coll Health. 2024 Nov 27:1-6. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2427066. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The current study explored the relationships of religiosity and coping behaviors on the perceived mental health of undergraduate African American (AA) college students enrolled at a large public university in the Southern United States. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey design. AA and/or African descent adult college participants (n = 131) were recruited from an online chat group (ie, GroupMe) and completed the Brief-COPE, a demographic questionnaire, and a single-item mental health tool. Data analyses employing descriptive statistics and correlational analyses examined relationships between variables. Results: There was a positive correlation between increased religious activity and overall mental health. Those who specified their religion as “other” had a lower total mental health score than those with an identified religion. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of supportive interventions that account for religious beliefs and activities on overall mental health outcomes for undergraduate AA college students in the South.

PMID:39602177 | DOI:10.1080/07448481.2024.2427066

J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2024 Nov 27;59:153-161. doi: 10.2340/jphs.v59.42324.

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer can lead to changes in appearance and subsequent concerns about body image. This study aimed to translate the body investment instrument, Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised (ASI-R), to Swedish, and perform a validation in women who underwent mastectomy and were awaiting breast reconstruction. The instrument was translated, and its psychometric properties were investigated according to current guidelines. Three hundred and ninety-seven women were eligible for the study, and 215 (54%) participants responded. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that a three-factor structure was the most adequate solution. Three new subscales were suggested: body image investment cognition; breast and body image investment emotions; breast reflecting dysfunctional cognitive and emotional patterns of appearance investment and body image investment behaviors; breast reflecting positive ways of investing in body image. Consistent with previous findings, control over appearance is a central theme in women with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction. The obtained factor structure was considered similar to the original structure and three-factor solutions obtained from an American cohort of patients with breast cancer. The ASI-R has shown good psychometric properties in Swedish women undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction. Further studies on convergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis are required.

PMID:39602151 | DOI:10.2340/jphs.v59.42324