Tag: pubmed

Acta Diabetol. 2024 Oct 16. doi: 10.1007/s00592-024-02360-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Diabetes mellitus (DM) often leads to wound healing complications, partly attributed to the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) that impair fibroblast function. Far Upstream Element Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1) regulates cell proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. However, the impact of FUBP1 on diabetic wound healing remains unknown. This study is designed to explore the function and mechanisms of FUBP1 in diabetic wound healing.

METHODS: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 220-240 g) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6): a control group (NC) of healthy rats, a model group (DM) of untreated diabetic rats, and a treatment group (DM + FUBP1) of diabetic rats accepting FUBP1 treatment. A 10 mm diameter circular full-thickness skin defect was created on the back of each rat. On days 1 and 7, rats in the treatment group received local injections of 5 µg FUBP1 protein at the wound site, whereas the control group and model group were administered saline. Wound healing was documented on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14, with tissue samples from the wound areas collected on day 14 for histological analysis, including H&E staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis was utilized to assess the expression of GSK-3β, Wnt3a, and β-catenin. In vitro, the effects of various concentrations of AGEs on cell viability and FUBP1 expression were examined in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Cells were genetically modified to overexpress FUBP1 using lentiviral vectors and were cultured for 48 h in media with or without AGEs. The impacts on fibroblast proliferation, migration, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were evaluated using CCK-8, scratch assays, and Western blot analysis.

RESULTS: Animal investigation revealed that from day 7 onwards, the wound healing rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the model group but lower than the control group. On day 14, the wound healing rates were as follows: control group (0.97 ± 0.01), model group (0.84 ± 0.03), and treatment group (0.93 ± 0.01). These differences were statistically significant. Histological analysis indicates that FUBP1 promotes granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition in treatment group. Additionally, FUBP1 protein expression decreased in dermal fibroblasts when exposed to AGEs. Overexpression of FUBP1 significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration, activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and mitigating the inhibitory effects of AGEs.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that FUBP1 can be a promising therapeutic target for diabetic wound healing, potentially counteracting the detrimental effects of AGEs on dermal fibroblasts through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

PMID:39412701 | DOI:10.1007/s00592-024-02360-8

Aust Endod J. 2024 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/aej.12896. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the influence of root canal treatment quality on the architecture of periapical lesions. A total of 121 lesions were involved in this research. Two researchers analysed the surface of the lesions, diameters in three planes, volume and sphericity. The quality of root canal treatment was assessed with PESS index. Non-parametric statistical tests: Mann-Whitney and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used in this research. Connected lesions of multirooted teeth spread in the coronal plane revealed a positive correlation with coronal seal and root canal filling homogenicity, however their spread in the sagittal plane showed a positive correlation only with root canal filling homogenicity. The quality of root canal treatment has an influence on the periapical lesions’ architecture.

PMID:39411918 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12896

Plant Biotechnol J. 2024 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/pbi.14447. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Chickpea is the world’s fourth largest grown legume crop, which significantly contributes to food security by providing calories and dietary protein globally. However, the increased frequency of drought stress has significantly reduced chickpea production in recent years. Here, we have performed a field experiment with 36 diverse chickpea genotypes to evaluate grain yield, photosynthetic activities and molecular traits related to drought stress. For metabolomics analysis, leaf tissue was collected at three time points representing different pod-filling stages. We identified L-threonic acid, fructose and sugar alcohols involved in chickpea adaptive drought response within the mid-pod-filling stage. A stress susceptibility index for each genotype was calculated to identify tolerance capacity under drought, distributing the 36 genotypes into four categories from best to worst performance. To understand how biochemical mechanisms control different traits for genetic improvement, we performed a differential Jacobian analysis, which unveiled the interplay between various metabolic pathways across three time points, including higher flux towards inositol interconversions, glycolysis for high-performing genotypes, fumarate to malate conversion, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism perturbations. Metabolic GWAS (mGWAS) analysis uncovered gene candidates involved in glycolysis and MEP pathway corroborating with the differential biochemical Jacobian results. Accordingly, this proposed data analysis strategy bridges the gap from pure statistical association to causal biochemical relations by exploiting natural variation. Our study offers new perspectives on the genetic and metabolic understanding of drought tolerance-associated diversity in the chickpea metabolome and led to the identification of metabolic control points that can be also tested in other legume crops.

PMID:39411896 | DOI:10.1111/pbi.14447

J Med Virol. 2024 Oct;96(10):e70003. doi: 10.1002/jmv.70003.

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) constitutes an emerging cause of morbidity in the adult population. The present retrospective study was aimed at identifying factors predictive of poor outcome that may be assessed at the first evaluation in the Emergency Department (ED). We included 275 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed RSV-ARI that required hospital admission from the ED between January 2018 and December 2019. Poor outcome (composite of progression to high-flow oxygen therapy, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission, and/or 30-day all-cause mortality) occurred in 31 patients (11.2%). Immunosuppression was present in 59 patients (21.5%). Although bacterial co-infection was rare, antibiotic therapy was commonly initiated. Ribavirin was administered in 10 patients. Cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]: 2.452; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.990-6.072), concurrent oral anticoagulation (OR: 3.099; 95 CI: 1.287-7.464) and a pulse oximetry oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SpO₂/FiO₂) ratio <382 at ED admission (OR: 3.013; 95 CI: 1.306-6.950) were independent risk factors for poor outcome, whereas influenza vaccination in the current season was protective (OR: 0.324; 95% CI: 0.138-0.763). Various factors easily available at the ED are useful for early risk stratification in adult patients with RSV-ARI.

PMID:39411893 | DOI:10.1002/jmv.70003

J Med Virol. 2024 Oct;96(10):e29953. doi: 10.1002/jmv.29953.

ABSTRACT

To investigate the association between Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative cohort of US adults, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III; 1988‒1994) were analyzed, including 13,993 participants aged 18‒90 years who underwent KSHV serology evaluations. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through December 2019 using the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the association between KSHV seropositivity and mortality, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and serum TG. Over a median follow-up period of 26.5 years, 5503 deaths were recorded. KSHV seropositivity was associated with an increased hazard of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03‒1.69) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00‒2.50) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. Notably, the association between KSHV infection and all-cause mortality persisted among women (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02‒1.72) after adjusting for all confounders, whereas the association with cardiovascular mortality was only statistically significant for men (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.53).KSHV infection may represent an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. These findings highlight the need for further research to validate these associations in independent populations and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the observed increased mortality associated with KSHV infection.

PMID:39411887 | DOI:10.1002/jmv.29953

Strabismus. 2024 Oct 16:1-6. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2024.2412689. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Although there are guidance tables in the literature on surgical dosage for primary medial rectus resection-lateral rectus recession surgery, there is a lack of consensus on the surgical gains in medial rectus re-advancement (MRR) for the management of consecutive exotropia. We compared the surgical outcomes of primary medial rectus resection-lateral recession (RR) surgery, to MRR in patients with consecutive exotropia. Methods: Retrospective, electronic note review of consecutive patients undergoing primary RR surgery for basic exotropia (RR group), convergence insufficiency-type exotropia, and divergence excess, and consecutive patients undergoing MRR with or without lateral rectus recession (MRR group) for consecutive exotropia in a teaching university hospital. Results: There were 84 patients in the RR group and 27 patients in the MRR group. The median age in the RR group was 25.50 years (range 4-79) and 45 years (18-87) in the MRR group (p = .002). Median follow-up was 7 months (3-43) in the RR group and 1 month (1-12) in the MRR group. Post-operatively, there was a median exotropia reduction of 27.00 prism diopters (PD) (range +5, -65; p < .0001) for near, and 27.00 PD (+10, -51; p < .0001) for distance in the RR group. In the MRR group, the median exotropia reduction was 34.50 PD (2, -67; p < .0001) for near and 33.00 PD (1, -67; p < .0001) for distance. There was a greater reduction in the exotropia in the MRR group compared to the RR group for distance (p = .047), but this did not meet statistical significance for near (p = 0.10). The median dose-effect relationship (PD/millimeter) was higher in the MRR group both for near deviation (2.90 vs 2.15, p = .0073) and for distance deviation (2.91 vs 2.15, =0.0041). Conclusion: Based on our study cohort, medial rectus re-advancement appears to have a greater dose-effect in reducing the distance angle of deviation for both near and distance compared to primary recess-resect surgery. Further prospective longitudinal studies would shed further light on the dose-effect relationship over time.

PMID:39411868 | DOI:10.1080/09273972.2024.2412689

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2410065. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2410065. Epub 2024 Oct 16.

ABSTRACT

In China, children aged 12 months receive only a single dose of the varicella vaccine and the incidence of varicella remains high. This study aims to evaluate the changes in immunity among children aged 1-3 years following a single dose of the varicella vaccine, providing a scientific basis for determining the optimal age for a second vaccination. This prospective cohort study employed glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) for antibody detection. The changes in IgG antibody levels over time post-vaccination were analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) fitted binary logistic regression model. Varicella surveillance data were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). Following a peak in varicella incidence in 2019, the incidence shifted toward older age groups. The cohort study results revealed a seropositivity rate of 100% in children during the 18 months post-vaccination, which subsequently declined to 71.6% by the 42 months. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) decreased from 307.6mIU/mL to 115.2mIU/mL. Additionally, 14 children contracted varicella during the follow-up period, resulting in a breakthrough rate of 2.85%. RCS analysis indicated that antibody levels fell below the protective threshold 18.69 months post-vaccination, with a non-linear decline in the odds ratio(OR) of maintaining antibody concentrations ≥ 50mIU/mL(p < .001, Pnonlinear ≤ 0.001). This study demonstrates that the long-term protective efficacy of a single dose of the varicella vaccine diminishes over time in children, underscoring the necessity of implementing a two-dose vaccination strategy. The findings provide scientific evidence for determining the optimal timing for administering the second dose of the vaccine.

PMID:39411866 | DOI:10.1080/21645515.2024.2410065

Nurs Crit Care. 2024 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/nicc.13193. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Open-heart surgery patients face many problems because of post-sternotomy pain. Care protocols can eliminate pain and pain-related problems by providing holistic care.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an open-heart surgery patient care protocol developed in the study on post-sternotomy pain, anxiety and quality of care.

STUDY DESIGN: The study was carried out as a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The sample size was calculated. Considering some attrition, the sample size was increased by 10% for each group, and a total of 68 participants, including 34 in each group, were included in the sample. Data were collected using a ‘Patient Information Form’, a ‘Post-Sternotomy Pain Follow-up Form’, the ‘Numeric Rating Scale’, the ‘State Anxiety Inventory’ and the ‘Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in Postoperative Pain Management Questionnaire’. The patients in the experimental group were given care in accordance with the protocol, which was developed in the study, on postoperative days 0, 1 and 2.

RESULTS: The statistical evaluation showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental (F = 7.28; p < .001) and control groups (F = 2.42; p < .05) on the pain assessment scale. It was determined that the number of analgesics used in the experimental group was statistically significantly lower than in the control group. Intra-group comparisons showed that there was a difference between the mean pre-test and post-test state anxiety scale scores of the groups (p < .001). The experimental group had higher mean scores on the Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in Postoperative Pain Management Questionnaire than that of the control group (p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: The protocol developed in the study was found to be effective in reducing pain, the use of NSAIDs and opioids, and anxiety levels and increasing the level of quality of care.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The protocol was original and feasible in that it included independent nursing interventions to improve the quality of care by reducing pain and anxiety. Particularly, the use of protocols in intensive care units was nurses’ strongest resource in patient care management. Thus, the protocol, which was prepared for intensive care patients who most frequently experience pain and anxiety, was promising for nurses in improving the quality of care by reducing pain and anxiety. However, it is necessary to conduct further studies involving longitudinal follow-up in samples and institutions with similar conditions.

PMID:39411842 | DOI:10.1111/nicc.13193

Physiol Rep. 2024 Oct;12(20):e70039. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70039.

ABSTRACT

Kilohertz-frequency alternating currents (KFACs) have been indicated to minimize muscle atrophy and weakness. However, the optimal stimulation parameters still need to be determined.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different KFACs on evoked torque, current efficiency, and perceived discomfort.

DESIGN: KFACs with frequencies of 1 kHz (Aussie current) and 2.5 kHz (Russian current), along with two duty cycles (10% and 20%), were randomly applied to the triceps surae muscle of healthy participants using a crossover design. The NMES intensity, NMES-evoked torque, NMES efficiency, and NMES discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two-way mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures. Forty-four participants were included.

RESULTS: Aussie currents produced higher evoked torque and efficiency in maximal and submaximal efforts, with higher perceived discomfort in maximal effort. Although the Australian current may cause greater discomfort at maximal efforts, it matches the Russian current in perceived discomfort at submaximal levels. The 20% duty cycle produced the highest efficiency in submaximal efforts.

CONCLUSION: In both maximal and submaximal efforts, the Aussie current demonstrated superior NMES efficiency, yielding higher torque with lower amplitude than the Russian current. Clinicians should take these findings into consideration when prescribing KFACs to optimize clinical outcomes.

PMID:39411829 | DOI:10.14814/phy2.70039

Glob Health Action. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):2414527. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2414527. Epub 2024 Oct 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Child stunting is a significant challenge for most districts in Rwanda and much of sub-Saharan Africa and persists despite multisectoral efforts. There is a notable lack of population-based studies examining the correlation between violence against women and child stunting in Rwanda.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between Rwandan women’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child stunting in children under 3 years of age.

METHODS: In December 2021, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Northern Province of Rwanda, including 601 women and their children <3 years of age. The World Health Organization (WHO) Women’s Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire for IPV research was utilized. Child stunting was assessed using the WHO criteria for low height for age. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between IPV and child stunting before and during pregnancy.

RESULTS: Of 601 women, 47.4% (n = 285) experienced any form of IPV during pregnancy. The prevalence rates of the types of IPV associated with child stunting varied: 33% for psychological, 31.4% for sexual, and 25.7% for physical violence. Exposure to physical violence before pregnancy and sexual violence during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of child stunting; the adjusted odds ratios were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.01-2.03) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.04-2.01), respectively.

CONCLUSION: Women’s exposure to physical and psychological violence is associated with an increased risk of child stunting. Urgent targeted interventions and support systems are needed to address the complex relationship between women’s exposure to IPV and adverse effects on child growth.

PMID:39411828 | DOI:10.1080/16549716.2024.2414527