Gastric Cancer. 2024 Nov 28. doi: 10.1007/s10120-024-01570-x. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:39607631 | DOI:10.1007/s10120-024-01570-x
Tag: pubmed
Neurol Sci. 2024 Nov 28. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07900-2. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) is the most widely used in clinical practice and the least time-consuming battery to estimate cognitive function in adults with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), while it has been included in few studies on young MS, also because of the absence of normative values.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of age, sex and education on BICAMS scores in a young adolescent population.
METHODS: We administered the BICAMS to 169, 11-to-18-year-old, healthy subjects. Linear regression models were used to assess the impact of age, sex, and education on sub-test scores. When statistically significant (p < 0.05), we used the regression coefficient to correct the raw scores.
RESULTS: younger age was associated with worse performance on SDMT (β = 1.76; p < 0.05), CVLT-II (β = 3.33; p < 0.05) and BVMT-R (β = 0.62; p < 0.05). Female sex was associated SDMT (β = 2.75 (p < 0.05) and CVLT-II (β = 2.51 (p < 0.05). Educational attainment was associated with better performance on SDMT (β = 1.79 (p = < 0.05) and BVMT-R (β = 0.61; p < 0.05). Cut-off points were suggested at the 5th lowest percentile.
CONCLUSION: Age, sex, and education must be accounted for when applying the BICAMS to young population. Its use in everyday assessment of patients with Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS) could help to compare and combine data across centers, identifying patients requiring a comprehensive evaluation and ad hoc cognitive stimulation programs.
PMID:39607616 | DOI:10.1007/s10072-024-07900-2
World J Urol. 2024 Nov 28;42(1):653. doi: 10.1007/s00345-024-05364-9.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The cardiometabolic index (CMI), encompassing obesity and lipid metrics, is potentially linked to kidney stone prevalence in diabetic patients. However, studies on this association are sparse. This research evaluates CMI’s impact on kidney stone occurrence in this group.
METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we explored the relationship between CMI and kidney stones in diabetic patients through multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive models, and smoothed curve fitting. Robustness checks included subgroup analyses and propensity score matching (PSM).
RESULTS: This study comprised 2714 participants in total, where the prevalence of kidney stones was found to be 16.82%. Using weighted multivariate logistic regression and fully adjusted models, it was revealed that elevated CMI levels are positively associated with an increased likelihood of developing kidney stones (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.30). Smooth curve fitting demonstrated that there was no non-linear relationship between CMI and kidney stones (log-likelihood ratio test P = 0.236). Subgroup analyses and interactions indicated that the association between CMI and kidney stone prevalence was notably stronger in individuals who were living with a partner /married and had a poverty income ratio (PIR) of 1.5 to less than 3.5 (P for interaction < 0.05). propensity score matching (PSM) further verified the robustness of our results.
CONCLUSION: Elevated CMI correlates with greater kidney stone prevalence in diabetic individuals, particularly those married or living with a partner and within certain economic statuses. This study supports the hypothesis linking CMI and kidney stones in U.S. diabetic population, suggesting a target demographic for preventive strategies.
PMID:39607614 | DOI:10.1007/s00345-024-05364-9
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Nov 28;64(1):31. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03550-4.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the impact of serum carotenoids, a class of compounds having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on migraine. This study aimed to examine the association between serum carotenoid levels and migraine risk among United States adults.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 7744 individuals aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2001 and 2004. The concentrations of five serum carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin) and retinol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Migraine was diagnosed when participants reported that they had severe headaches or migraines during the past three months. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to determine the association between serum carotenoid levels and migraine risk.
RESULTS: Among the 7744 participants enrolled in the study, 1595 (20.6%) had migraine. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the highest quartiles of the three serum carotenoids were associated with a lower risk of migraine, with a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.97) for α-carotene, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.49-0.83) for β-carotene, and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.53-0.78) for lutein + zeaxanthin, while the third quartile of serum β-cryptoxanthin had lower odds of migraine (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90). The U-shaped patterns of nonlinear relationships between serum β-cryptoxanthin and lutein + zeaxanthin levels and migraine risk were represented by restricted cubic splines. No association was observed between serum lycopene and retinol levels and migraine.
CONCLUSIONS: Low serum carotenoid levels were associated with an increased risk of migraine. Further prospective investigations are warranted to clarify the causative relationship and explore the possible prevention and treatment of migraine using carotenoid supplementation.
PMID:39607608 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-024-03550-4
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Nov 28;64(1):30. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03547-z.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Vitamin D supplementation positively impacts anemia, but the relationship between a ferritin-related dietary pattern, iron parameters, and vitamin D in anemia is unclear.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2017-2019 National Nutrition and Health Survey, including 1423 pregnant women over 15 years old. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. The FrDP was identified using reduced rank regression with blood parameters as response variables and 32 food groups as predictors. Linear and binomial logistic regression analyses evaluated the associations between the FrDP and serum biomarkers, adjusting for demographic and dietary variables. Risk associations between the FrDP and vitamin D concentrations were also assessed.
RESULTS: The FrDP explained 18.5% of the variation in 6 response variables and was characterized by high consumption of fish, soy, gluten pasta, nuts, organ meat, pickled vegetables, and marine plants. The FrDP correlated positively with serum hemoglobin (r = 0.76), iron (r = 0.52), ferritin (r = 0.79), folate (r = 0.86), and vitamin B12 (r = 0.86). Linear regression revealed a positive association between the FrDP and serum iron. Women in the highest FrDP tertile were less likely to have low serum iron (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.85) but more likely to have low 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.32-2.43).
CONCLUSIONS: The FrDP was positively associated with serum iron but negatively associated with serum 25(OH) vitamin D in pregnant women.
PMID:39607573 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-024-03547-z
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2024 Nov 28:10499091241304728. doi: 10.1177/10499091241304728. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Measuring palliative care needs of patients with multiple complex illnesses and their family, is essential for providing quality clinical care. The integrated palliative care outcome scale (IPOS) is a scientifically verified measure of patients’ physical, emotional symptoms, and their palliative care communication and practical needs. The patients in this study require palliative care due to both their end-of-life heart failure (HF) and vascular dementia. Purpose: The purposes are to describe and compare home palliative care needs measured by the family caregivers (N = 20) and patients (N = 20) IPOS scores and to examine whether the patient IPOS total score can predict patient HF health status and caregiving burden scores. Methods: This study uses explanatory research design with rigorous methods for obtaining information from multiple sources. Descriptive, Cohen’s Kappa (k) statistics comparing patient and caregiver IPOS scores and regression analyses to examine the patient IPOS scores impact on patient HF health status and caregiving burden scores were used. Results: There was significant agreement between patient and caregiver ratings on 16 out of 17 IPOS items (k = .34 to .80). Regression analyses found that the patient IPOS total score significantly predicted patients’ HF health status (β = -.50, P < .05), and caregiving burden scores (β = .57, P < .01). Conclusion: Patients’ and their caregivers’ IPOS scores agreement indicates palliative care needs can be consistently identified. The patient IPOS total scores can predict patients’ HF health status and caregiving burden. These measures provide information directly applicable for health professionals guiding palliative home care.
PMID:39606853 | DOI:10.1177/10499091241304728
Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2024 Nov 28;25:e64. doi: 10.1017/S1463423624000574.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early and collaborative interventions are desirable to prevent long-term sick leave and promote sustainable return-to-work (RTW). The aim of this study was to evaluate if the use of the Capacity Note – a brief intervention promoting early and structured communication between general practitioners (GPs), patients, and employers – had an impact on length of sick leave in patients with common mental disorders (CMDs) in primary healthcare.
METHOD: In a pragmatic trial, GPs at eight primary healthcare centres were randomized to provide the intervention or control and recruited eligible patients: employed women and men, 18-64 years, who visited a GP due to CMD and became or were (<4 months) full- or part-time sick-listed. Patients in the intervention group (n=28) used the Capacity Note in addition to usual care. Patients in the control group (n=28) received usual care. Outcomes of interest were time until full RTW, sick leave status at end of follow-up (17 months), number of sick leave episodes during follow-up, and number of sick leave days at 6, 12, and 17 months of follow-up.
RESULTS: The proportion of patients with full RTW at the end of follow-up was 79.2% in the intervention group and 84.6% in the control group. Time until full RTW was 102 and 90 days (median) in intervention and control group, respectively. We found no statistically significant differences between the groups for any of the outcomes.
DISCUSSION: Despite efforts to increase the number of participants, the study ended up with a small sample. This prohibited us from drawing any final conclusions about the effect of the intervention. Obstacles to recruitment of patients and use of the intervention are discussed.
PMID:39606847 | DOI:10.1017/S1463423624000574
J Med Microbiol. 2024 Nov;73(11). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001935.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widely disseminated betaherpesvirus that typically induces latant infections. In immunocompromised populations, especially transplant and HIV-infected patients, CMV infection increases in-hospital mortality.Gap statement. Although machine learning models have been widely used in clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction, reports on machine learning model predictions for the in-hospital mortality of HIV/AIDS patients with CMV infection have not been reported.Aim. Analyze the general gemographic and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients with CMV infection and identify the factors affecting the prognosis of this population, which will help to reduce their in-hospital mortality.Methods. Hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients with CMV infection were recruited from the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, from 2012 to 2019. After dividing them into survival and death groups based on their in-hospital survival status, their general and clinical profiles were described. Following 1 : 3 propensity score matching to equalize baseline characteristics, three machine-learning models (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and eXtreme Gradient Boosting) were deployed to forecast factors influencing prognosis. The SHapley Additive exPlanations tool explained the models.Results. A total of 1102 HIV/AIDS patients with CMV infection were analysed. There was no statistical difference in the general condition of the study subjects (P＞0.05). Prevalent complications/coinfections included pneumonia (63.6%), tuberculosis (47.2%) and oral fungal infections (44.6%). There were significant differences between the groups in pneumonia, cryptococcosis and hypoproteinaemia (P<0.05). The differences in laboratory indicators between patients were also statistically significant (P<0.05). The three machine learning models demonstrated good performance, identifying primary predictors of mortality. Pneumonia, urea, indirect bilirubin and platelet distribution width exhibited positive associations with death, with higher levels correlating with an increased mortality risk. Conversely, CD4 T-cell count, CD8 T-cell count and platelet displayed negative correlations with mortality.Conclusions. HIV/AIDS patients with CMV infection exhibit distinctive clinical features impacting survival outcomes. Machine learning models accurately identify key influencing factors and predict mortality risk in this population, which appears to be essential to reducing in-hospital mortality.
PMID:39606806 | DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.001935
Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 Nov 13;18:1497034. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1497034. eCollection 2024.
ABSTRACT
In hyperscanning studies, participants perform a joint task while their brain activation is simultaneously recorded. Evidence of inter-brain coupling is examined, in these studies, as a predictor of behavioral change. While the field of hyperscanning has made significant strides in unraveling the associations between inter-brain coupling and changes in social interactions, drawing causal conclusions between brain and behavior remains challenging. This difficulty arises from factors like the inherently different timescales of behavioral responses and measured cerebral activity, as well as the predominant focus of existing methods on associations rather than causality. Specifically, a question remains as to whether inter-brain coupling between specific brain regions leads to changes in behavioral synchrony, or vice-versa. We propose two novel approaches to addressing this question. The first method involves using dyadic neurofeedback, wherein instances of inter-brain coupling are directly reinforced. Such a system could examine if continuous changes of inter-brain coupling are the result of deliberate mutual attempts to synchronize. The second method employs statistical approaches, including Granger causality and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Granger causality assesses the predictive influence of one time series on another, enabling the identification of directional neural interactions that drive behavior. SEM allows for detailed modeling of both direct and indirect effects of inter-brain coupling on behavior. We provide an example of data analysis with the SEM approach, discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach and posit that applying these approaches could provide significant insights into how inter-brain coupling supports crucial processes that occur in social interactions.
PMID:39606786 | PMC:PMC11599244 | DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1497034
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Nov 4;13:101799. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101799. eCollection 2024 Dec.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral isotretinoin is a powerful medication commonly used for treating severe Acne valgaris, particularly in cases that are resistant to conventional therapies like topical treatments and antibiotics. It is a retinoid derived from vitamin A, known for its ability to significantly reduce sebum production, prevent clogged pores, and decrease inflammation.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the changes in liver function tests and lipid profiles before and after the use of oral isotretinoin among Acne Vulgaris clients.
METHOD: A quantitative retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records from 50 Acne Vulgaris patients aged 13-40 years who received oral isotretinoin at Ibri Polyclinic between 2012 and 2022. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
RESULTS: The analysis revealed significant changes in liver function tests, with elevated levels of total bilirubin and ALT post-treatment. Lipid profiles also showed marked alterations, including increased cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels.
CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the substantial impact of isotretinoin on liver function and lipid metabolism in Acne Vulgaris patients. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind isotretinoin-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia, potentially guiding future interventions.
PMID:39606776 | PMC:PMC11600753 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101799