Tag: pubmed

J Rural Health. 2025 Jan;41(1):e12901. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12901.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Few studies have examined disparities in-and social determinants of-contraception use among rural adolescents despite evidence of higher teen birth rates and greater STI risk in rural communities. Guided by a social determinants of health (SDoH) framework, this cross-sectional study aimed to address these gaps.

METHODS: Data come from the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, including N = 3757 sexually active, rural-based adolescents. Chi-square and independent samples t-tests examined group differences in rates of self-reported contraception use (condoms and any form of contraception) at last sex. Logistic regression models examined associations between SDoH factors (social/community, economic, and health care access) and contraception use outcomes.

FINDINGS: Contraception use disparities were observed for rural-based youth identifying as Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Latino/a/x/e; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning their sexual identity (LGBQ); and those experiencing poverty. Regression models accounting for youth characteristics found that SDoH factors across the social/community domain-but not economic or health care access-were the strongest predictors of contraception use outcomes. In these models, LGBQ status remained negatively associated with contraception use.

CONCLUSIONS: Rural disparities in contraception use, particularly for marginalized youth, call for service approaches that are relevant and responsive to diverse needs. Findings also suggest that rural disparities are influenced by a complex interplay of social factors, where existing health care resources may not sufficiently mitigate youths’ adverse living conditions. Addressing contraception use disparities in rural communities will require greater uptake of comprehensive sexuality education and multilevel service approaches that attend to youths’ social contexts.

PMID:39731344 | DOI:10.1111/jrh.12901

J Rural Health. 2025 Jan;41(1):e12908. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12908.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort has enrolled over 60,000 children to examine how early environmental factors (broadly defined) are associated with key child health outcomes. The ECHO Cohort may be well-positioned to contribute to our understanding of rural environments and contexts, which has implications for rural health disparities research. The present study examined the outcome of child obesity to not only illustrate the suitability of ECHO Cohort data for these purposes but also determine how various definitions of rural and urban populations impact the presentation of findings and their interpretation.

METHODS: This analysis uses data from children in the ECHO Cohort study who had residential address information between January 2010 and October 2023, including a subset who also had height and weight data. Several rural-urban classification schemes were examined with and without collapsing into binary rural/urban groupings (ie, the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area [RUCA] Codes, and Urban Influence Codes).

FINDINGS: Various rural/urban definitions and classification schemes produce similar obesity prevalence (17%) when collapsed into binary categories (rural vs urban) and for urban participants in general. When all categories within a classification scheme are examined, however, the rural child obesity prevalence ranges from 5.8% to 24%.

CONCLUSIONS: Collapsing rural-urban classification schemes into binary groupings erases nuance and context needed for interpreting findings, ultimately impacting health disparities research. Future work should leverage both individual- and community-level datasets to provide context, and all categories of classification schemes should be used when examining rural populations.

PMID:39731317 | DOI:10.1111/jrh.12908

J Rural Health. 2025 Jan;41(1):e12906. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12906.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent legislative initiatives in the United States have focused on the medical and legal status of psychedelics, prompting interest in understanding public perceptions of their risks. This study investigates rural-urban differences in the perception of LSD and cannabis risks using national survey data.

METHODS: Data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to compare risk perceptions of LSD and cannabis between rural and urban respondents, adjusting for relevant factors.

RESULTS: Rural residents were 1.2 to 1.4 times more likely to perceive using LSD once or twice as of great risk compared to urban residents during the survey period. However, the perception of monthly cannabis use as having great risk was slightly higher among rural residents only until 2019, with no significant differences observed in 2020 and 2021.

CONCLUSION: The study highlights a significant rural-urban divide in the perception of LSD risk, which could impact policymaking on psychedelic therapies. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective and equitable policies regarding psychedelic substances and treatments.

PMID:39731315 | DOI:10.1111/jrh.12906

Eur J Neurol. 2025 Jan;32(1):e70031. doi: 10.1111/ene.70031.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) burden in 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2021, disaggregated by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) at the global, regional, and country levels.

METHODS: Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) were used to calculate age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), death (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for ICH. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess time patterns. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was employed to predict future ICH burden.

RESULTS: In 2021, the global ICH burden remained high, with a total of 16.6 million cases and an ASPR of 194.51 cases per 100,000 people. The ASIR was 40.83 cases per 100,000 people, the ASDR was 39.09 cases per 100,000 people, and the age-standardized DALY rate was 923.64 per 100,000 people. The low-SDI regions had the highest ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and DALY rates. Geographically, western sub-Saharan Africa had the highest ASPR, Central Asia had the highest ASIR, and Oceania had the highest ASDR and DALY rates. High systolic blood pressure was the leading risk factor for ICH death, contributing to 57.9% of global fatalities.

CONCLUSION: Despite the decline in the ASIR, there is an ongoing increase in the absolute number of ICH cases, with significant differences observed across age, sex, region, country, and SDI. More attention and emphasis should be placed on improving the ICH burden in low-SDI areas.

PMID:39731311 | DOI:10.1111/ene.70031

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Jan;24(1):e16728. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16728.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a fibroproliferative disorder resulting from abnormal healing of skin tissue after injury. Although various therapies are currently employed in clinical to treat HSs, there is no widely accepted standard therapy. Micro-plasma radiofrequency (MPR) and autologous chyle fat grafting are emerging treatments for this condition, and they have demonstrated promising therapeutic outcomes in clinical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of combining MPR with autologous chyle fat grafting for the treatment of HSs.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with HS in a single center between January 2020 and December 2023. According to the treatments, patients were divided into three groups, with 6 months follow-up. The single therapy group received MPR alone for two times. The combined therapy Group 1 first received the MPR treatment followed by the combined treatment. The combined therapy Group 2 first received the combined treatment and then received the MPR treatment. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and the Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the patients’ pain on the day of treatment and 1 day after treatment. Adverse events and complications were recorded to assess the safety of treatment.

RESULTS: A total of 73 patients diagnosed with HS were enrolled in this study, including 35 patients in the single therapy group, 18 patients in the combined therapy Group 1, and 20 patients in the combined therapy Group 2. After the treatments were completed, all three groups exhibited significant effectiveness. The two combined therapy groups scored lower after treatments in the VSS, which includes height, vascularity, pliability, and total scores, as well as in the PSAS, which includes color, stiffness, thickness, and total scores, compared to the single therapy group, with a statistically significant difference. Regarding pain response to treatment, there was no statistical difference in VAS among the three groups. No statistical difference in the overall incidence of adverse events was observed among the three groups, and no severe complications were recorded.

CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the combination of MPR and autologous chyle fat grafting showed superior effectiveness compared to MPR alone in treating HSs, without any observed increase in overall adverse event frequency. For patients diagnosed with HS, this combination therapy stands as a promising and effective clinical intervention.

PMID:39731280 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16728

Clin Genet. 2024 Dec 27. doi: 10.1111/cge.14687. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Renal ciliopathies are a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by cystic and dysplastic kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between genetic changes that cause renal ciliopathies and phenotypic outcomes. The study group consisted of 137 patients diagnosed with renal ciliopathy disease. One hundred nineteen patients had ADPKD phenotype, 7 patients had ARPKD phenotype, 4 patients had nephronophthisis, 1 patient had Senior-Loken syndrome, 4 patients had Bardet-Biedl syndrome, 1 patient had Joubert syndrome and 1 patient had Meckel Gruber syndrome phenotype. Among patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, patients with the PKD1 gene mutation had higher creatinine levels (p value: 0.020) and no arachnoid cysts were revealed in the PKD2 group (p value: 0.014). When the domains were compared, the finding of arachnoid cyst in patients with mutations in the transmembrane domain was statistically significant (p value: 0.021). Homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the TCTN1 gene was reported in a fetus who had findings of Meckel-Gruber syndrome; microphthalmia and cardiac hypoplasia were reported as novel findings. As a conclusion, we identified variant spectrum of renal ciliopathies in Turkish cohort and revealed the association between the transmembrane domain and arachnoid cyst.

PMID:39731278 | DOI:10.1111/cge.14687

Dermatol Surg. 2024 Oct 14. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000004452. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The melolabial interpolation flap is an effective surgical technique for reconstructing defects in the nasal ala and tip regions. Traditionally, this technique involves waiting for the standard 3-week period before pedicle division.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether accelerated takedown at 1- or 2-week postflap creation is possible while maintaining the flap’s viability and functionality.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study at Oregon Health and Science University from 2018 to 2023.

RESULTS: The authors examined 67 patients who underwent reconstruction with a melolabial interpolation flap surgery, of which 50 had their flap takedown at <21 days and 17 had their takedown at 21 or more days. This analysis revealed similar complication rates for both groups. There were no increased rates of infection, necrosis, or hematoma formation in the earlier takedown group. Those undergoing earlier takedown were more likely to have a history of hypertension but less likely to have a history of diabetes, immunosuppression, and smoking, though the differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the safety and feasibility of early melolabial interpolation flap takedown. This approach has the potential to enhance the quality of life for patients undergoing this flap by decreasing the amount of time with a pedicle.

PMID:39729638 | DOI:10.1097/DSS.0000000000004452

J Neurosurg. 2024 Dec 27:1-9. doi: 10.3171/2024.7.JNS241015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: While the relationship between smoking and subarachnoid hemorrhage is well established, data regarding the probability of detecting unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in smokers remain sparse. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between smoking and the likelihood of identifying UIAs in healthy asymptomatic patients who underwent brain imaging for indications unrelated to UIAs.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies published before March 2024 that reported on the presence of UIAs in healthy asymptomatic patients who had undergone brain imaging for indications unrelated to UIAs. Three independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of all retrieved studies. Risk of bias for the included observational studies was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies. Data on UIA prevalence, smoking status, and patient and aneurysm characteristics were extracted. The association between smoking and the presence of UIA was studied. A prevalence proportional meta-analysis was conducted across the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model by using summary statistics from the included studies.

RESULTS: Six studies involving 47,788 patients who had undergone brain imaging were identified for quantitative analysis. The pooled UIA prevalence in the sample was 3.07% (95% CI 2.27%-4.16%). Patients who smoked had higher rates of aneurysm detection than the patients who did not smoke (pooled prevalence of 2.96%, 95% CI 2.68%-3.27% vs 2.23%, 95% CI 2.08%-2.39%). Although the relation between the two was not statistically significant (p = 0.06), smoking was associated with higher odds for UIA detection, yielding an OR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.07-1.67) with an I2 value of 53%.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a potentially higher risk of UIAs in patients who smoked than in those who never smoked. However, the results of this meta-analysis revealed that smoking was not statistically associated with higher UIA detection. This result could be explained by the limited number of studies published on this topic. If these findings reach statistical significance in future larger studies, it could justify revising guidelines to include cigarette smokers in intracranial aneurysm screening.

PMID:39729618 | DOI:10.3171/2024.7.JNS241015

J Neurosurg. 2024 Dec 27:1-9. doi: 10.3171/2024.7.JNS24906. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Pharmacoresistant tremors, often seen in Parkinson disease and essential tremor, significantly impair patient quality of life. Although deep brain stimulation has been effective, its invasive nature limits its applicability. MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy offers a noninvasive alternative, but its cognitive impacts are not fully understood. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the cognitive and emotional effects of unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with pharmacoresistant tremors.

METHODS: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they involved unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy and assessed cognitive functions pre- and postprocedure. The primary outcomes were changes in cognitive functions and emotional states postthalamotomy.

RESULTS: Of 90 identified articles, 5 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 112 patients (74 essential tremor, 38 Parkinson disease). The analysis revealed no significant deterioration in cognitive domains or emotional states postprocedure. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was small for cognitive outcomes but moderate for emotional states.

CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy appears to be a safe procedure with respect to cognitive and emotional outcomes in patients with pharmacoresistant tremors. However, the small number of studies and the short-term nature of assessments necessitate caution. Further research, especially on long-term cognitive effects and in the context of bilateral procedures, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of MRgFUS thalamotomy’s neuropsychological impact. Systematic review registration no.: CRD42023491757 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero).

PMID:39729615 | DOI:10.3171/2024.7.JNS24906

J Neurosurg. 2024 Dec 27:1-9. doi: 10.3171/2024.7.JNS24237. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Periventricular anastomosis (PA), a recently recognized cause of hemorrhage in moyamoya disease, is reducible after bypass surgery. The timing of the reduction, however, remains poorly understood. The objectives of the present study were to demonstrate radiological reduction of PA occurring within 48 hours after surgery and to identify factors associated with reduction.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 16 years or older who were diagnosed with moyamoya disease and underwent direct bypass surgery. PAs were assessed using sliding thin-slab maximum intensity projection MR angiography images acquired before surgery and on postoperative day 1. The signal ratio of PA, the ratio of the signal value of the medullary artery to that of the brain parenchyma, was measured at the same point on automatically aligned baseline and postoperative images. The location of bypass was defined as either targeted or nontargeted to the PA.

RESULTS: A total of 68 PAs were analyzed. The signal ratio of PA significantly decreased (mean change [95% CI] -0.16 [-0.21 to -0.11]), while that of cerebellar arteries increased (mean change [95% CI] 0.20 [0.09-0.31]). The interrater reliability measurement of the signal ratio change was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.94). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that targeted bypass (regression coefficient [95% CI] -0.1063 [-0.1558 to -0.0569]) and cross-sectional area of the donor artery (regression coefficient [95% CI] -0.1317 [-0.2101 to -0.0534]) were significant factors contributing to signal reduction of the PA. Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that early signal reduction well predicted late-phase reduction (area under the curve 0.78).

CONCLUSIONS: PA could be reduced within 48 hours after direct bypass surgery, suggesting an early preventive effect against hemorrhage. Early reduction, a potential predictor for late-phase reduction, might be promoted by targeted bypass surgery.

PMID:39729585 | DOI:10.3171/2024.7.JNS24237