Tag: pubmed

Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Oct 26;39(1):264. doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04215-8.

ABSTRACT

The bone volume preservation after dental extraction is challenging in case of implant rehabilitation for functional and aesthetics results. Photobiomodulation (or LLLT) is used in medicine for its properties of accelerating the healing process. The aim of the systematic review was to determine if the use of photobiomodulation had an impact on implant stability and on alveolar bone healing, either in quality or in quantity. A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The review was registered on Prospero under the number CRD42023467581. 414 articles were screened, of which 12 were selected for the review. In 10 of the 12 articles, LLLT seemed to show a positive impact on bone healing and implant stability. Regarding alveolar preservation, 6 out of 8 studies found statistically significant results. Regarding implant stability, 3 out of the 4 articles found a statistically significant impact of photobiomodulation versus control group. Despite the great heterogeneity of the studies, some LLLT protocols seemed consensual: the use of a Ga-Al-As laser with an emission over 800 nm with a continuous emission consisting of 3 to 4 sessions each with a duration of 4 to 5 min, on a sole application point. The use of photobiomodulation seemed to inhance the alveolar bone healing after a dental extraction, and the implant stability in case of immediate extraction-implantation. Further randomized controlled trials with a placebo group seem mandatory to corroborate the results.

PMID:39460822 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-024-04215-8

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024 Oct 26;36(1):211. doi: 10.1007/s40520-024-02863-y.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in elderly are a significant problem in Ukraine. It is expected that the ongoing war will augment this problem. The study aimed to analyze the trends of disability due to NCDs s in newly-diagnosed elderly patients between 2013 and 2023.

METHODS: This retrospective study included data obtained from the official document “Report on the Causes of Disability and Indications for Medical, Professional, and Social Rehabilitation” commissioned by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The data on disability due to NCDs s were obtained from for 2013-2023.

RESULTS: During the 2013-2021 the average number of disabled elderly patients due to NCDs per 10,000 elderly persons was significantly lower in compare with working-age. During the first year of full-scaled war the average number of disabled elderly patients due to NCDS s per 10,000 elderly persons dramatically increased by 2-fold, and in 2023 – by 2.8-fold against 2013 value (p < 0.05), while in working-age the disability rate increased significantly only in 2023 by 1.4-fold compared to the pre-war level. In 2013-2021 the main causes of disability among those related to NCDs in elderly were cardiovascular diseases, followed by cancer. In 2022 compared to the pre-war level, the indicators of disability of the elderly due to CVD increased by 1.5 times, due to cerebrovascular diseases – by 2.2 times, due to cancer – by 1.7 times, due to musculoskeletal diseases – by 2 times (p < 0.05). The most significant increase in the number of elderly people with disabilities during the full-scale war occurred due to coronary artery disease – by 55.1%, and osteoarthritis – by 83.4% from baseline in 2013. It estemated the differences in indicators of disability of elderly between regions of Ukraine, significantly higher indicators of disability of the elderly due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases were noted in the frontline regions.

CONCLUSIONS: Data on primary disability among elderly Ukrainians indicates a significant increase in NCDs-related disability during the war in compare with working population, especially in frontline regions and regions with a high concentration of displaced persons. In this structure of NCDs-related increasing disability, CVD, oncology and musculoskeletal diseases system prevailed.

PMID:39460821 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-024-02863-y

J Robot Surg. 2024 Oct 26;18(1):382. doi: 10.1007/s11701-024-02138-8.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a global health issue that significantly increases morbidity and mortality when the Body Mass Index (BMI) reaches values ≥ 50. While metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, it carries risks. Robotic surgery is promising but not extensively studied in Mexico, which presents an opportunity for research at a National Hospital with an academic program.

METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed 44 patients who underwent robotic MBS using the da Vinci surgical system from January 2018 to August 2023 at Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE. Data collected included surgery type, duration, complications, and weight loss metrics over 54 months post-operatively.

RESULTS: The study involved 44 patients with severe obesity including BMI ≥ 50-59.9 kg/m² for group 1 and BMI ≥ 60 kg/m² for group 2. The average initial BMI was 54.7 kg/m² for group 1 and 68 kg/m² for group 2. The average operative times for group 1 were 10.09 min for docking, 86.23 min for robotic console time, and 95.73 min for total intraoperative time. Group 2 had average times of 9.80 min for docking, 82.4 min for robotic console time, and 92.2 min for total intraoperative time. Follow-up showed significant weight loss initially, with weight recurrence after 24 months due to different factors. No serious complications or mortality were observed.

CONCLUSION: Robotic MBS at a national academic medical center in Mexico shows promising outcomes for patients with BMI ≥ 50-59.9 and BMI ≥ 60, with significant weight and BMI improvements at 54 month follow-up. Further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are needed to strengthen these findings.

PMID:39460819 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-024-02138-8

Clin Exp Med. 2024 Oct 26;24(1):247. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01502-0.

ABSTRACT

We aimed to investigate the risk of bladder cancer (BCa) survivors developing or dying from 15 specific-subsequent primary cancers (SPCs). A total of 229,554 BCa survivors were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Incidence and mortality per 10,000 person-years, absolute excess risk (AER) per 10,000 person-years, standardized incidence ratios, and standardized mortality ratios were calculated. Among BCa survivors, 38,207 developed SPCs and 17,546 died of SPCs. The risk of developing and dying from SPCs was significantly high for 10 and 6 of the 12 common SPCs in men, respectively, while for 6 and 5 of the 14 common SPCs in women, respectively. The SPCs with high risk of development in men were colorectal, breast, liver, and pancreatic cancer, and the ones with high risk of death were liver and pancreatic cancer. Moreover, SPCs with a high risk of development or death among young BCa survivors include ureter, kidney and renal pelvis, and lung cancer. In addition, BCa survivors within 1 year of diagnosis have a significantly higher risk of development and death from ureter, kidney and renal pelvis, prostate, and cervix cancer, but a lower risk of prostate cancer than the general population after 5 years of diagnosis. Lung cancer had a significantly high risk of development but a low risk of death. Among BCa survivors, the risk of developing or dying from few SPCs is significantly high. These findings may provide an important basis for clinical follow-up of BCa survivors.

PMID:39460810 | DOI:10.1007/s10238-024-01502-0

Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Oct 26;316(10):705. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03425-y.

ABSTRACT

To systematically evaluate clinical features and effects of cyclosporine in the treatment of psoriasis. Databases including Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP were electronically searched for studies on the use of cyclosporine in the treatment of psoriasis, from inception to March 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. A meta-analysis was then performed. A total of 12 randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies were included. Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in the effective rate, recurrence rate, erythema regression time, pustular resolution time, fever resolution time, and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score of cyclosporine in the treatment of psoriasis. Moreover, the sub-group analysis showed that the effective rate of patients aged less than 40 years was significantly higher than that of the control group and the recurrence rate was significantly lower than that of the control group. The effective rate of psoriasis patients without nail lesions was significantly higher than that of control group. The effective rate of cyclosporin was significantly higher than that of dexamethasone acetate. There was no significant change in pooled sensitivity and specificity after each study was excluded one by one, indicating the stability of the meta-analysis. Cyclosporine had a high effective rate and low recurrence rate in the treatment of psoriasis, but it still had similar rate of adverse reactions compared to other drugs. This study systematically evaluated the effect of cyclosporine in the treatment of psoriasis and provided reference for clinical practice.

PMID:39460805 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-024-03425-y

J Neurosurg. 2024 Oct 25:1-8. doi: 10.3171/2024.6.JNS24714. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Rupture of cerebral aneurysms has a poor prognosis, and growing aneurysms are prone to rupture. Although the number of coil embolization procedures is increasing worldwide, they are more prone to recurrence than clipping surgeries. However, there is still no drug that prevents aneurysm growth or recanalization after coil embolization. The authors have previously focused on the role of hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysm development and reported that inhibition of the P2X4 purinoceptor, by which vascular endothelial cells sense blood flow, reduced the induction and growth of aneurysms in an animal model. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of paroxetine, a P2X4 inhibitor also used as an antidepressant, on aneurysm growth and recanalization after endovascular coiling.

METHODS: Using the J-ASPECT Study registry, the largest comprehensive reimbursement database system for acute stroke inpatient care in Japan, the authors searched for patients incidentally taking paroxetine who were registered in the decade 2010-2019 with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm or who underwent aneurysm coiling. They calculated the growth incidence and growth rate by the person-year method and the odds ratio for recanalization within 1 year after coiling and statistically compared to controls.

RESULTS: Seventy-eight stroke facilities participated, and 275 patients were identified as potentially eligible. Thirty-seven patients with unruptured aneurysms and 38 after coil embolization met all eligibility criteria. They were compared with 396 control cases of unruptured aneurysms and 308 coil-placement controls. Multivariate analysis showed that paroxetine significantly reduced the incidence of aneurysm growth (number of cases with growth/person/year; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.24, 95% CI 0.05-0.66; p = 0.003) and the growth rate (total increase in maximum diameter in millimeters/person/year; IRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.28-0.98; p = 0.04). Paroxetine also significantly reduced the odds of recanalization in the year after coiling (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.95; p = 0.04). The authors then performed propensity score matching to reduce bias due to imbalances in patient characteristics between the two groups; the outcome confirmed that paroxetine significantly reduced aneurysm growth incidence (IRR 0.02, 95% CI 0.008-0.05; p < 0.0001) and growth rate (IRR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.06; p < 0.0001) and the 1-year recanalization (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.99; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS: This observational cohort study suggests that P2X4 inhibitors such as paroxetine may be clinically applicable as prophylaxis against aneurysm rupture and postoperative recanalization.

PMID:39454214 | DOI:10.3171/2024.6.JNS24714

APMIS. 2024 Oct 25. doi: 10.1111/apm.13485. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare breast tumors showing overlapping features with fibroadenomas (FAs). Diagnosis on small biopsies is challenging. New diagnostic markers are needed. Here we evaluated immunohistochemical staining of histone 3 trimethyl-lysine-27 (H3K27me3) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in a series of PTs. Surgically removed PTs at our institution (September 1990 and July 2022) and control FAs. Tissue micro-arrays (4 cores, 2 mm Ø) stained with H3K27me3, and scored with QuPath-derived H-score. Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-squared test used for group comparison. ROC analysis applied to define cutoffs. Cox proportional hazards models were used for assessing disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) in PTs. We included 81 patients with PTs and 44 patients with FAs. QuPath-derived H-scores of stromal H3K27me3 were statically significantly lower in PTs than in FAs (p < 0.001). We identified exploratory cutoffs to discriminate FAs from benign and malignant PTs (AUC = 0.78 and 0.73, respectively). No associations between DFS, OS, or DSS and H3K27me3 expression were found. H3K27me3 expression differs between FAs and PTs, indicating potential as diagnostic marker, but it is not predictive for DFS, OS or DSS in PTs. Further validation is needed.

PMID:39454207 | DOI:10.1111/apm.13485

J Med Internet Res. 2024 Oct 25;26:e53298. doi: 10.2196/53298.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Telehealth (care delivered by phone or video) comprises a substantial proportion of cardiology care delivered in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Little is known about how factors specific to patients, clinicians, and facilities contribute to variation in cardiology telehealth use.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to estimate the relative extent to which patient-, clinician-, and facility-level factors affect cardiology telehealth use in VHA.

METHODS: This was a retrospective, nation-wide cohort study of veterans’ use of VHA cardiology telehealth care during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 11, 2020, to March 10, 2022). We constructed multilevel, multivariable, logistic regression models of patient-level cardiology telehealth use (telephone or video-based care). Models included random effects for the patient, the patient’s main cardiology provider, and the patient’s primary facility (ie, VHA medical center) for specialty care and fixed effects for patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS: Our analytic cohort comprised 223,809 veterans with 989,271 encounters among 2235 unique clinicians. The veterans’ average age was 70.2 years, and 3.4% (n=7616) were women. Of the 989,271 encounters, 4.2% (n=41,480) were video based and 34.3% (n=338,834) were phone based. Adjusted odds of telehealth use were slightly higher for women versus men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.10), individuals identifying as Hispanic or Latino versus not Hispanic or Latino (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.43-1.49), and those with medium and long drive times versus short drive time (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.10-1.12 and AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.10, respectively). Further, 40.5% of the variation in a veteran’s likelihood of using cardiology telehealth care was found at the patient level, 30.8% at the clinician level, and 7% at the facility level.

CONCLUSIONS: The largest share of the attributable variability in VHA cardiology telehealth use in this cohort was explained by the patient, followed closely by the clinician. Little variability was attributed to the primary facility through which the veteran received their cardiology care. These results suggest that policy solutions intended to improve equity of cardiology telehealth care use in VHA may be most impactful when directed at patients and clinicians.

PMID:39454198 | DOI:10.2196/53298

JMIR Hum Factors. 2024 Oct 25;11:e54673. doi: 10.2196/54673.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health care providers can make health guidance more effective by using mobile health technologies such as health apps. Although health care providers need to know who uses health apps, existing studies have yielded inconsistent results.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was (1) to clarify the prevalence and patterns of health app use to improve health behaviors for preventing lifestyle-related diseases among Japanese workers and (2) to identify the associations among demographic characteristics, health behavior, and internet use and health app use by gender.

METHODS: Data were collected from a cross-sectional internet survey in 2023. In total, 2200 participants were included, with an even distribution of men and women in each age group aged 20 to 60 years. The participants were workers with smartphones and reported their gender, age, residence area, marital status, education, employment status, occupation, work pattern, diseases under treatment, health checkups, health guidance, health behaviors, internet use duration, and number of devices used. We asked about current and previous health app use for 1 month. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted by gender.

RESULTS: Of the participants, 472 (21.5%) and 189 (8.6%) were current and previous health app users, respectively. Most current and previous health app users used features that record and track their physical activity and other health behaviors. Health app users-both men and women-were more likely to have health checkups (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.12-2.11 and OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10-2.07, respectively), receive health guidance (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.47-2.74 and OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.32-2.62, respectively), engage in regular physical activity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.91-3.47 and OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.41-2.67, respectively), use the internet for 120-179 minutes per day (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13-2.75 and OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.12-2.57, respectively), and were less likely to be older (50-59 years: OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.88 and OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.25-0.6, respectively, and 60-69 years: OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22-0.62 and OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.77, respectively). According to gender, male health app users were more likely to be married (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.23-2.33) and less likely to work in the security, agriculture, forestry, fishing, manufacturing, or transportation industries (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.95). Female health app users were more likely to have a university education or higher (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.061-2.26), maintain an appropriate body weight (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.11), and use 3 or more devices (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.41-3.23).

CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity and health guidance are strong predictors of app use. Health care providers should assess the target populations’ preferences for app use based on their characteristics, support their app use, and enhance the effectiveness of health guidance.

PMID:39454195 | DOI:10.2196/54673

J Med Internet Res. 2024 Oct 25;26:e52129. doi: 10.2196/52129.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the prevalence of vaping nicotine, most nicotine cessation research remains focused on smoking cigarettes. However, the lived experience of quitting smoking is different from quitting vaping. As a result, research examining the unique experiences of those quitting vaping can better inform quitting resources and cessation programs specific to e-cigarette use. Examining Reddit forums (ie, subreddits) dedicated to the topics of quitting vaping nicotine can provide insight into the discussion around experiences on quitting vaping. Prior literature examining limited discussions around quitting vaping on Reddit has identified the sharing of barriers and facilitators for quitting, but more research is needed to investigate the content comprehensively across all subreddits.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine content across quit vaping subreddits since their inception to better understand quitting vaping within the context of the expanding nicotine market.

METHODS: All posts from January 2015 to October 2021 were scraped from all quit vaping subreddits: r/QuittingJuul, r/QuitVaping, r/quit_vaping, and r/stopvaping (N=7110). Rolling weekly average post volume was calculated. A codebook informed by a latent Dirichlet allocation topic model was developed to characterize themes in a subsample of 695 randomly selected posts. Frequencies and percentages of posts containing each coded theme were assessed along with the number of upvotes and comments.

RESULTS: Post volume increased across all subreddits over time, spiking from August – September of 2019 when vaping lung injury emerged. Just over 52% of posts discussed seeking social support and 16.83% discussed providing social support. Posts providing support received the most positive engagements (i.e. upvotes) of all coded categories. Posts also discussed physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal (30.65% and 18.85%, respectively), strategies for quitting including: quitting cold turkey (38.33%), using alternative nicotine products (17%), and tapering down nicotine content (10.50%). Most posts shared a personal narrative (92.37%) and some discussed quit motivation (28.20%) and relapse (14.99%).

CONCLUSIONS: This work identifies a desire for peer-to-peer support for quitting vaping, which reinforces existing literature and highlights characteristics of quitting vaping specific to a changing nicotine product environment. Given that posts providing social support were the most upvoted, this suggests that subreddit contributors are seeking support from their peers when discussing quitting vaping. Additionally, this analysis shows the sharing of barriers and facilitators for quitting, supporting findings from prior exploration of quit vaping subreddits. Finally, quitting vaping in an ever-growing nicotine market has led to the evolution of vaping-specific quit methods such as tapering down nicotine content. These findings have direct implications for quit vaping product implementation and development.

PMID:39454194 | DOI:10.2196/52129