Tag: pubmed

J Relig Health. 2023 Jan 23. doi: 10.1007/s10943-023-01744-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ramadan, a one-month period in which eating and drinking are prohibited from sunrise to sunset, is considered sacred by Muslims. According to Islamic rules, fasting is obligatory for adults and healthy people, but patients and travelers are exempted from this rule. It is not clear whether pregnant women can fast during Ramadan. This cross-sectional case-control study included low-risk pregnant women at 32-37 weeks of gestation in Turkey. We examined healthy women in the last period of their pregnancy and found similar perinatal outcomes between the fasting and nonfasting participants. In the evaluation of fetal well-being, a decrease in the number of accelerations in the non-stress test (NST) and the need to repeat the test were found to be statistically significantly higher in fasting pregnant women. We consider that this may prolong the evaluation period and increase unnecessary hospitalizations due to nonreactive NST results. More randomized controlled trials are needed to conclude that fasting during pregnancy is safe.

PMID:36689062 | DOI:10.1007/s10943-023-01744-4

Arch Womens Ment Health. 2023 Jan 23. doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Chewing khat during pregnancy adversely affects maternal and fetal health, but available studies are scarce and inconsistent, and it is difficult to conclude the relationship between khat consumption and perinatal outcomes. We aimed to investigate the available studies on the effect of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes. For this meta-analysis, we conducted a thorough search of articles published in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the date this search was undertaken (03.01.2022). We used random effect model with the Mantel-Haenszel method to calculate the pooled odds ratio and mean difference. We found that khat use during pregnancy was significantly associated with increased odds of low birth weight (OR:2.51; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.94), congenital anomalies (OR:3.17; 95% CI: 1.30 to 7.73), premature rupture of membrane (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.50), perinatal mortality (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.03), and lower APGAR scores at the fifth minute (MD: -1.7; 95% CI: -2.32 to -1.07). Also, increased odds for developing maternal psychological stress and anemia were reported in women using khat during pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences in stillbirth and preterm birth between women using khat during pregnancy and their counterparts. Since prenatal khat use is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, we strongly recommend equitable and easily accessible health services through the implementation of integrated addiction treatment with maternity services to address khat use during pregnancy and encourage the practice of healthy behavior of women.

PMID:36689029 | DOI:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5

Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Jan 23;38(1):49. doi: 10.1007/s10103-023-03718-0.

ABSTRACT

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the dose-dependent side effects of cisplatin. The loss of sensory neurons is observed in CIPN. There are many methods to minimalize CIPN symptoms such as pharmacological agents and photobiostimulation but the mechanisms of these methods are unclear. Our study is aimed at determining the effects of quercetin and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in undifferentiated and nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. PC12 cells with cisplatin were co-treated with quercetin and LLLT (diode pumped all-solid-state laser, 670 nm, output 500 mW, and the laser beam surface area was 1.96 cm²). The effects of quercetin and LLLT on GAP-43 and Synapsin I expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR, cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, Annexin and dead assay measured the induction of apoptosis, the alterations in mitopotential were assessed by mitopotential assay, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in cells was analyzed. All experiment data were analyzed by the Tukey test and applied as a post hoc test, and statistical evaluation was made. Our results indicated that cisplatin increased apoptosis (24,210 ± 2189, 46,504 ± 8246) cells, mitochondrial dysfunction (44,312 ± 0.751, 68,788 ± 1271), and LDH activity (62,821 ± 8245, 87,838 ± 8116). Furthermore, it decreased cell viability (42,447 ± 1780, 36,140 ± 3682) and inhibited GAP-43 and Synapsin I genes in undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells. However, apoptosis, the alterations in mitopotential, and lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased by applications of quercetin and LLLT. It has been recommended that quercetin and low-level laser therapy roles on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy should be investigated in vivo, and the relationship between quercetin and low-level laser therapy should be molecular.

PMID:36689023 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-023-03718-0

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Jan 23. doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-07836-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore a minimally invasive trans-canal endoscopic facial nerve decompression for traumatic facial nerve palsy and compare it with microscopic facial nerve decompression.

METHODS: 35 and 38 patients underwent endoscopic and microscopic facial nerve decompression, respectively, for traumatic facial nerve palsy. Onset of symptoms, type of temporal bone fracture, day of surgical intervention following trauma, ossicular chain status and nature of insult to facial nerve were observed. Time period for recovery (House Brackmann grade ≤ 3), long term recovery rates, pre- and post-operative hearing status, surgical time and post-operative pain were compared between groups.

RESULTS: Maximum patients in endoscopic and microscopic groups (77.1% and 76.3%, respectively) had acute onset of symptoms. 57.1% (20/35) had longitudinal, 17.1% (6/35) had transverse and 25.7% (9/35) had mixed fractures in endoscopic group. In the microscopic group, 57.9% (22/38) had longitudinal, 18.4% (7/38) had transverse and 23.7% (9/38) had mixed fractures. The mean (± S.D.) post-operative air-bone gap in endoscopic and microscopic group were 16.47 ± 4.5 dB and 19.4 ± 5.2 dB, respectively, which was statistically significant. The mean (± S.D.) time period for recovery of endoscopic and microscopic groups were 14.4 ± 5 days and 22.5 ± 7 days, respectively (p value < 0.05). The difference in post-operative pain between the two groups was also statistically significant. The difference in long term recovery rates was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic facial nerve decompression results in early recovery, less post-operative pain and better post-operative air-bone gap closure when compared to conventional microscopic technique.

PMID:36689020 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-023-07836-x

EJNMMI Res. 2023 Jan 23;13(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13550-023-00953-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To quantify the relationship between [18F]FDG uptake of the primary tumour measured by PET-imaging with immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, and clinical subtypes based on these markers in breast cancer patients.

METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched for studies that compared SUV_max between breast cancer patients negative and positive for IHC expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, and clinical subtypes based on these markers. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and extracted the data. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models. P values less than or equal to 5% indicated statistically significant results.

RESULTS: Fifty studies were included in the final analysis. SUV_max is significantly higher in ER-negative (31 studies, SMD 0.66, 0.56-0.77, P < 0.0001), PR-negative (30 studies, SMD 0.56; 0.40-0.71, P < 0.0001), HER2-positive (32 studies, SMD – 0.29, – 0.49 to – 0.10, P = 0.0043) or Ki-67-positive (19 studies, SMD – 0.77; – 0.93 to – 0.61, P < 0.0001) primary tumours compared to their counterparts. The majority of clinical subtypes were either luminal A (LA), luminal B (LB), HER2-positive or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). LA is associated with significantly lower SUV_max compared to LB (11 studies, SMD – 0.49, – 0.68 to – 0.31, P = 0.0001), HER2-positive (15 studies, SMD – 0.91, – 1.21 to – 0.61, P < 0.0001) and TNBC (17 studies, SMD – 1.21, – 1.57 to – 0.85, P < 0.0001); and LB showed significantly lower uptake compared to TNBC (10 studies, SMD – 0.77, – 1.05 to – 0.49, P = 0.0002). Differences in SUV_max between LB and HER2-positive (9 studies, SMD – 0.32, – 0.88 to 0.24, P = 0.2244), and HER2-positive and TNBC (17 studies, SMD – 0.29, – 0.61 to 0.02, P = 0.0667) are not significant.

CONCLUSION: Primary tumour SUV_max is significantly higher in ER-negative, PR-negative, HER2-positive and Ki-67-positive breast cancer patients. Luminal tumours have the lowest and TNBC tumours the highest SUV_max. HER2 overexpression has an intermediate effect.

PMID:36689007 | DOI:10.1186/s13550-023-00953-y

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023 Jan 23. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14690. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) long protocol on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of patients with endometriosis (EMs).

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was carried out from July 1st 2016 to June 30th 2021. 798 patients with EMs who underwent first IVF were enrolled. The patients were classified by the ovarian stimulation protocols. The clinical outcomes of IVF were compared in each group.

RESULTS: These EMs patients who received the long-acting GnRHa long protocol had significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate (72.00%, 60.70% and 50.90%, respectively; P=0.047 and 0.010) and implantation rate (51.0%, 44.6%, and 38.7%, respectively; P=0.006 and <0.001) compared with short-acting GnRHa long protocol and GnRH antagonist protocol. Live birth rate was also significantly higher than GnRH antagonist protocol (60.10% and 40.0% P=0.032), but not statistically difference compared with short-acting GnRHa (60.10% and 53.80%, P=0.443). In addition, they also had significantly higher duration of stimulation, total dose of gonadotrophin (Gn) and the number of high quality embryo transferred than other groups (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Long-acting GnRHa long protocol could improve IVF outcomes of patients with EMs compared with short-acting GnRHa long protocol and GnRH antagonist protocol.

PMID:36688363 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.14690

Health Promot Pract. 2023 Jan 23:15248399221151175. doi: 10.1177/15248399221151175. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Our Grassroots Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Initiative works to build the capacity of individuals and organizations in zip codes with persistently high infant mortality rates to bring about systems change that will improve maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes. Foundational to the Initiative is the training and mentoring of local women to become Grassroots MCH Leaders. We greatly honor that these women possess community expertise, essential to the Initiative’s success. Our training equips them with strategies they can use to bring about changes in social, economic, political, and/or cultural systems that underlie poor birth outcomes. One impactful strategy they learn is the use of critical narrative intervention (CNI). This approach, grounded in the crafting and sharing of stories, complements statistical, behavioral, and medical approaches to improve MCH outcomes. This article describes the impact of CNI within the Grassroots MCH Initiative. Drawing from 14 Grassroots MCH Leaders’ narratives, we present five significant maternal traumas and influential supports in their surrounding contexts. We explore the leaders’ reflections on the impact of story development and dissemination. Our findings reveal that situating CNI within the context of a grassroots initiative provides opportunities for leaders to use their stories to advocate for systems change. Personal MCH narratives provide a powerful and respectful approach to public health promotion, as they highlight important systems-level failures that need to be addressed to sustainability improve MCH outcomes.

PMID:36688357 | DOI:10.1177/15248399221151175

J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Jan 23:e028222. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.028222. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background Stroke incidence, care, and survival show continuous improvements in Sweden, including no or decreasing disparities between men and women. In this study, we aimed to estimate and compare the risk of stroke recurrence in men and women over time, accounting for the competing risk of death. Methods and Results We included adult patients with first-time stroke (ischemic or intracerebral hemorrhage) registered in Riksstroke (the Swedish Stroke Register), 2012 to 2020, and followed until December 2020. Stroke recurrences included new events registered in Riksstroke from 28 days after stroke. To account for the competing risk of death, we used the cumulative incidence function to estimate crude incidences, and multivariable Cox regression to estimate cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for differences in patients’ risk factor profiles. The study included 72 148 (53.5%) men and 62 689 (46.5%) women. We observed 10 925 stroke recurrences and 81 811 deaths following the initial 28 days after the first stroke. The cumulative incidence of stroke recurrence was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.6-3.8) after 1 year, 7.0 (95% CI, 6.8-7.1) after 3 years, and 9.1% (95% CI, 8.9-9.3) after 5 years. The incidence decreased substantially during the study period (HR, 2019-2020 versus 2012, 0.824 [95% CI, 0.759-0.894]). Overall, men had a lower risk of stroke recurrence. After adjustments for differences in patient characteristics, men had a slightly higher risk of recurrence (of any type) after an ischemic stroke (HR, 1.090 [95% CI, 1.045-1.138]) and a lower risk after hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 0.880 [95% CI, 0.781-0.991]) compared with women. Conclusions The risk of stroke recurrence has decreased in both men and women. Women’s higher age and other differences in risk factors partly explain their higher risk of stroke recurrence compared with men.

PMID:36688356 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.122.028222

Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jan 23:1-9. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2165489. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: NASH-related liver transplants are increasing because of the obesity epidemic, but the influence of T2DM on various levels of BMI among NASH recipients is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data retrieved from SRTR on 4,515 patients. We divided patients by BMI into five groups: normal weight; overweight; class 1 obesity; class 2 obesity; and class 3 obesity. Statistical analysis was done.

RESULTS: Patients in the NASH group with T2DM had a lower patient and graft survival than patients without T2DM (5-year patient and graft survival: 77.5% vs. 79.8%; P = 0.001 and 76.4% vs. 78.2%; P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional regression showed an independent association between T2DM and decreased patient and graft survival (HR, 1.170; P = 0.015 and HR, 1.133; P = 0.048, respectively). In the lean and the class 3 obesity NASH groups, patients with T2DM had lower patient and graft survival than the patients without T2DM. In the class 3 obesity NASH group, T2DM was independently associated with decreased patient survival (HR, 1.581; P = 0.027).

CONCLUSION: Our research reveals that the focus of the post-transplantation treatment should be different for different BMI patients.

PMID:36688344 | DOI:10.1080/17474124.2023.2165489

J Environ Sci Health B. 2023 Jan 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2169099. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, has been understudied in the literature on thyroid cancer. The aim of this ecological study was to assess the correlation between endosulfan exposure and thyroid cancer incidence rates (IRs) in the United States (US). Age-adjusted thyroid cancer IRs per 100,000 people per state for the years 1999 to 2019 were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To assess the state-level use of endosulfan, data were obtained from the US Geological Survey (USGS). Endosulfan usage estimates (kilograms/acres cropland; quintiles) and thyroid cancer IRs were mapped together. The correlation between age-adjusted thyroid cancer IRs and statewide endosulfan use was calculated using the Spearman correlation. Overall endosulfan usage in the US trended downwards between 1992 and 2007 (T = -0.77; P < 0.001), while thyroid cancer IR trended upwards between 1999 and 2019 (T = 0.69; P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between 1992 endosulfan use and 2012 (r = 0.32; P = 0.03) and 2014 (r = 0.32; P = 0.03) thyroid cancer IRs. Although restrictions on endosulfan use seem effective, the potential impact of endosulfan exposure remains due to the persistent, semi-volatile, bioaccumulative, and biomagnifying properties of endosulfan metabolites in particular, indicating the need for future thyroid research of highly exposed populations.

PMID:36688310 | DOI:10.1080/03601234.2023.2169099