Tag: pubmed

Acta Diabetol. 2024 Dec 28. doi: 10.1007/s00592-024-02399-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: There is a potential association between oxidative stress and the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), derived from dietary and lifestyle factors, acts as a comprehensive marker of oxidative stress. Research examining the relationship between OBS and DKD is scarce. This study aims to evaluate the association between OBS and the risk of DKD among U.S. adults.

METHODS: This study enrolled 6,725 eligible participants from the U.S. population through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2020). Patients with DKD were defined as those with diabetes who had a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m². The OBS consists of 20 composite scores derived from dietary and lifestyle factors. To assess the potential relationship between OBS and DKD, weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline statistical approaches were employed.

RESULTS: The risk of DKD was inversely correlated with OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS (p < 0.05). Compared to the lowest quartile of OBS, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for OBS, lifestyle OBS and dietary OBS, and DKD in the highest quartile were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.48-0.70), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.51-0.81), and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.46-0.70), respectively. A substantial nonlinear relationship between lifestyle OBS and DKD was identified using the RCS curve (p for nonlinearity = 0.0081), which appeared as an inverted ‘L’ shape. Using the two-piecewise logistic regression model, a turning point in lifestyle OBS was identified at a score of 3 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Among the American population, OBS and DKD are significantly negatively correlated, suggesting that maintaining a higher OBS may reduce the risk of developing DKD.

PMID:39731593 | DOI:10.1007/s00592-024-02399-7

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024 Dec 28. doi: 10.1007/s00417-024-06722-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the precision of the arithmetic mean of surgically induced astigmatism (M-SIA) and the centroid of surgically induced astigmatism (C-SIA) in estimating SIA when predicting the power and axis of toric IOLs under different circumstances.

METHODS: 120 eyes of 99 patients undergoing toric IOL replacement in a simple cataract surgery were included in the retrospective study. The predicted position of toric IOL was calculated by Z Calc online calculator and Barrett Toric Calculator with M-SIA (0.4D) or C-SIA (0.1D). Position prediction error (PPE, the difference between the predicted position of toric IOL and the ideal position of toric IOL), its absolute value (PPE-Abs) and △PPE (the difference between absolute value of PPE calculated by C-SIA and by M-SIA using the same toric calculator) were used to evaluate the precision in estimate of SIA.

RESULTS: Statistical significance in mean PPE and mean PPE-Abs was found in the group M-Barrett. The orientation of corneal astigmatism and eye laterality were influential to mean PPE while gender was not. △PPE was below 0 in both toric calculators. Significant difference in △PPE was seen between groups with different corneal astigmatism when all eyes were OS, as well as between groups with different eye laterality when all eyes were with WTR astigmatism.

CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a significant difference between M-SIA and C-SIA in estimating the SIA of the patients undergoing small-incision cataract surgery combined with toric IOL implantation. M-SIA was not recommended in Barrett Toric Calculator. The orientation of corneal astigmatism and the incision on the cornea should be considered when choosing between M-SIA and C-SIA.

KEY MESSAGES: WHAT IS KNOWN? : Either the arithmetic mean of surgically induced astigmatism (M-SIA) or the centroid of surgically induced astigmatism (C-SIA) of a cohort was used to estimate the position of toric IOLs before the surgery. The size and site of corneal incision could influence the orientation and the magnitude of SIA. WHAT IS NEW? : When calculating the axis of toric IOLs with Barrett Toric Calculator, arithmetic mean of SIA (M-SIA) was not recommended for estimate. The orientation of corneal astigmatism could influence the estimate of SIA. We created several novel variables that could be used to indirectly evaluate the stability of toric IOLs and the prognosis of patients.

PMID:39731587 | DOI:10.1007/s00417-024-06722-4

Psychiatr Danub. 2024 Dec;36(3-4):403-404.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:39731527

J Pediatr Psychol. 2024 Dec 28:jsae103. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae103. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Adolescents and young adults with chronic diseases face unique challenges during the college years and may consume alcohol and other substances to cope with stressors. This study aimed to assess the patterns of substance use and to determine psychosocial correlates of these behaviors among college youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

METHODS: College youth with T1D were recruited via social media and direct outreach into a web-based study. Participants answered validated questions about substance use, and they completed validated screeners of depressive and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-2 and GAD-2), illness acceptance (ICQ), interpersonal support (ISEL), and grit (Grit scale). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariable regression evaluated substance use behaviors as a function of psychosocial factors while adjusting for age and sex.

RESULTS: Alcohol (84.06%) and marijuana (41.30%) were the most common substances reported. In bivariate analyses, depressive symptoms were positively associated (p = .01) and illness acceptance was inversely associated (p = .02) with marijuana use. Higher grit scores were inversely associated with marijuana use (p < .001) and prescription drug misuse (p = .04). The significant associations between marijuana use and depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.66), illness acceptance (AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91-0.99), and grit (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.60) persisted after adjustment for age and sex.

CONCLUSIONS: Substance use is prevalent among college youth with T1D. While psychosocial factors such as depressive symptoms may confer an increased risk, illness acceptance and grit may be protective-especially against marijuana use. Providers should address both positive and negative psychosocial factors to mitigate substance use in this population.

PMID:39731516 | DOI:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae103

Laryngoscope. 2024 Dec 28. doi: 10.1002/lary.31973. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Repositioning and fixation of the posterior septal angle (PSA) relative to the anterior nasal spine (ANS) is a well-known maneuver performed during rhinoplasty. Suture techniques through the periosteum along with transosseous drilling through the spine are the two most common fixation methods. We report on how nasal airway patency varies as a function of technique and patient demographic factors.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent PSA repositioning and stabilization during rhinoplasty due to caudal septal deformities. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scales were measured pre- and post-operation to evaluate functional outcomes.

RESULTS: 207 patients with either mobile or immobile PSA underwent ANS fixation secured with either a suture passed through the periosteum of the ANS or with the creation of a drill hole through the ANS. In all patients regardless of clinical or demographic groupings, postoperative NOSE scores were significantly decreased when compared to preoperative scores (p < 0.05). Preoperative NOSE score, fixation method, sex, functional versus cosmetic, age, follow-up period, and graft site did not independently affect the postoperative NOSE score. Though the differences between primary and revision outcomes were statistically significant, patients in both groups reported significant improvements in postoperative NOSE scores that deescalated their symptoms from “severe” to “mild.”

CONCLUSION: Repositioning and fixation of the PSA improve patient outcomes. However, there is no significant difference between fixation methods on final NOSE scores. Septal fixation with consideration for patient anatomy allows for effective treatment.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

PMID:39731513 | DOI:10.1002/lary.31973

Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2443041. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2443041. Epub 2024 Dec 28.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the differences of conventional ultrasound characteristics, elastic imaging parameters and clinicopathological characteristics of distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer in young women, and to identify imaging parameters that exhibited significant associations with each molecular subtype.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis encompassing 310 young women with breast cancer. Observations were made regarding the ultrasonography and elastography characteristics of the identified breast lesions. Subsequently, based on immunohistochemistry results patients were classified into five distinct molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B (HER2-), luminal B (HER2+), HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Clinical, pathological, and ultrasound imaging features were compared among these subtypes using binary logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in various parameters across the five molecular subtypes (p < 0.05), including tumor size, morphology, margins, calcification, posterior echo features, blood flow (Adler grading), and tumor hardness. Specifically, luminal A subtype exhibited propensity for spiculated margins, lower blood flow grading, and decreased hardness; luminal B subtype was characterized by angular margins; HER2+ subtype manifested higher blood flow grading, calcification, and elevated hardness. Conversely, TNBC subtype displayed smooth margins, absence of calcification, and heightened hardness.

CONCLUSION: Specific molecular subtypes of breast cancer have unique ultrasonic and elastic imaging characteristics.

PMID:39731510 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2024.2443041

Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2447404. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2447404. Epub 2024 Dec 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics of orthopaedic trauma patients and thereby optimize healthcare resource allocation and improve treatment efficiency.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relying on the hospital information system (HIS) database, we retrospectively analysed the epidemiological characteristics of orthopaedic trauma inpatients in our hospital between 2013 and 2022, including patient demographic information, causes of injury, location of injury and hospitalization costs.

RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 36 (26-47) years old; the age stratification of the patients was highest in the proportion of patients aged 40-50 years old (29.23%); hypertension was the most common among the patients’ comorbidities (1.29%); patients’ occupation was highest in heavy labourers such as farmers and workers, about 63.04% (n = 13923); patients’ admissions were mainly in the form of emergencies (n = 16875, 76.41%); and patients’ median hospitalization time was 7 (5, 12) days. The highest percentage of the cause of injury was due to exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (75.4%), followed by falls (16.14%) and traffic accidents (6.49%). The highest percentage of cause of injury in all age groups was due to inanimate mechanical force, and the percentage of patients with falls increased with age, and there was a positive correlation between age groups and the percentage of patients with falls (r = 0.964, p < 0.01). The highest percentage of patients with injuries to the upper extremities was about 74%. The distribution of injury sites in all age groups was highest in the upper extremities. Age was positively correlated with trunk injuries (r = 0.469, p = 0.203). The median hospitalization cost for patients over a 10-year period was approximately $1,100.

CONCLUSIONS: By analysing the epidemiological characteristics of patients, a general profile of local orthopaedic trauma patients was established, which can help in the development of disease prevention and interventions.

PMID:39731507 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2024.2447404

Malays J Pathol. 2024 Dec;46(3):413-421.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer is one of the leading gynaecological malignancies in developed countries and becoming more prevalent in Malaysia. These have significant impact in women and management of this disease. If it occurs on young women, and as a whole becomes a burden on the national economy and world. This research aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological features of endometrial epithelial cancer among women treated in a University Hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endometrial cancer cases were retrieved from the Pathology Department’s Laboratory Information. The histopathology examination reports of the selected cases were reviewed, and the findings and diagnosis were recorded. The descriptive data was presented using pie charts, bar graphs, and tables.

RESULTS: Endometrial cancer recorded the highest in 2022 and less than 15 of endometrial cancer cases were recorded in other years. Women with endometrial cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 59 have the highest percentage (36.6%). It is the most prevalent high number (89%) among female Malay race people. Hypertension and diabetes were found in 52.5% and 37.8% of endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Endometrial cancer patients were also overweight or obese (68.2%). Endometrial cancers were of endometrioid subtypes with tumour grade 1 (71.6%) and early the stage 1 (57.6%). The myometrial invasion in 64.7% of endometrial cancer patients exhibited a superficial invasion depth of less than 50% (54.7%). Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 28.9% of diagnosed cases.

CONCLUSION: Despite belonging to the postmenopausal and overweight/obesity categories, Malay Kelantanese women diagnosed with endometrial cancer exhibited some favourable prognostic indicators.

PMID:39731490

Malays J Pathol. 2024 Dec;46(3):401-412.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To determine the epidemiology of blood culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS, >72 hours of age) in 44 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design: Multicentre retrospective observational study using data from the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry.

PARTICIPANTS: 739486 neonates (birthweight ≥500g, gestation ≥22 weeks) born and admitted in 2015-2020.

RESULTS: LOS developed in 2707 (0.4%) neonates. Median annual incidence (per 100 admissions) was 12.0 (range: 8.1-13.8) in extremely preterm (EPT, gestation <28 weeks), 5.3 (range: 5.0-6.8) in very preterm (VPT, gestation 28-<32 weeks), 0.5 (range: 0.4-0.7) in moderate/late preterm (gestation 32-<37 weeks) and 0.1 in term (gestation ≥37 weeks) neonates. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 54.7% of pathogens isolated, gram-positive bacteria 39.3%, and fungal and other pathogens 6.0%. The six most common pathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (18.3%), Klebsiella spp. (18.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.7%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%). LOS-attributable mortality was 14.3% in EPT, 9.3% in VPT, 8.3% in LPT and 6.2% in term neonates. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that EPT, small-for-gestation (SGA), conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), high frequency ventilation (HFV), TPN and use of central venous lines (CVL) were significant independent risk factors associated with LOS in neonates <32 weeks’ gestation. The significant independent risk factors associated with mortality in neonates with LOS were SGA, CMV, HFV, gram-negative sepsis, fungal sepsis, and pneumothorax.

CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens. Decreasing the usage of invasive ventilation, CVL and TPN may reduce the incidence and mortality of LOS, particularly in neonates <32 weeks gestation.

PMID:39731489

Psychol Health Med. 2024 Dec 28:1-21. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2447008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to determine whether the fear of missing out (FoMO) has a mediating role in the effect of general belongingness (acceptance, exclusion) and happiness on smartphone addiction. The study consists of 656 university students from Turkey and agreeing to participate in the study. Of the students participating in the study, 77.7% were female. The participants were between the ages of 17 and 34, with a mean age of 21.32 ± 2.08 years. In this cross-sectional research design, the relationship between smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, general belonging and happiness variables was examined. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data and partial least squares path analysis (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the research model. FoMO has a mediating effect on the effect of acceptance, exclusion, happiness on smartphone addiction. These findings highlight the significant role of FoMO in mediating the relationship between fundamental social needs (belongingness, happiness) and smartphone addiction. This suggests that interventions aimed at reducing smartphone addiction should consider addressing not only the technological dependence but also the underlying social and emotional needs that drive it. Promoting healthy social connections and fostering a sense of belonging among young adults may be crucial in mitigating the risk of smartphone addiction.

PMID:39731479 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2024.2447008