Tag: pubmed

Ann Surg. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006645. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still a devastating disease, the survival rate for surgically removed PDACs has significantly improved in recent years. Early detection is essential in managing PDAC.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The presence of KRAS mutations in PDAC leads to the initial genetic abnormality and offers a significant timeframe for identifying resectable PDACs. A minimally invasive and highly specific PDAC screening test is necessary to prevent the need for invasive follow-up tests.

METHODS: Between July 2021 and March 2023, 169 cases were enrolled in 7 institutions. By administering secretin before esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), the excretion of pancreatic juice into the papillary fluid can be stimulated, creating a resource for testing. Washing fluid was collected using a specialized catheter from control individuals (n=75) and patients with resectable PDAC (n=89) at the initial diagnosis. A highly sensitive technique was employed to study KRAS gene mutations.

RESULTS: This study obtained an AUC of 0.934 [95%CI: 0.904, 0.964] when using KRAS mutations in duodenal lavage fluid to differentiate between patients with resectable PDAC and healthy controls. The estimated sensitivities were calculated with specificity set at 100%, resulting in a sensitivity of 83.1% [95%CI: 71.7%, 91.2%]. The McNemer test showed a significantly higher sensitivity for KRAS mutations than serum CEA and CA19-9 (P<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: We created a method to identify resectable PDACs by analyzing KRAS mutation levels in duodenal fluid collected during EGD with secretin stimulation of pancreatic juice secretion.

PMID:39902566 | DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000006645

Int J Lab Hematol. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.14434. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of cell population data parameters (CPD) in dengue positive individuals.

METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD and BMT), Karachi, Pakistan from July 2022 to September 2022 (in a period of 3 months of peak dengue fever outbreak). Dengue fever is a viral infection that is transmitted from mosquitoes to humans. It is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical environments. A total of 389 individuals, who presented with febrile illness at the NIBD clinics, were screened for dengue and malaria with Complete Blood Count (CBC), Dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen test and Malaria Parasite Immunochromatographic test (MP-ICT). Whole blood samples were collected and analyzed for CBC on Sysmex XN hematology analyzers. All 65 CPD and standard CBC parameters were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive analysis of all the parameters was performed and a p value < 0.001 was considered significant. Positive and negative correlation was also evaluated within the parameters to assess their significance. Furthermore, cut-off values of CPD parameters were evaluated plotting their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS: Out of the 389 febrile patients, 137 were diagnosed as dengue-positive. Descriptive analysis for mean and median values of parameters revealed statistically significant difference for seven parameters (namely WBC, PLT-F, NEUT, LYMP, MONO, HFLC, and LY-WY) in the comparison of the two groups which were then further assessed for positive and negative correlation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed High Fluorescence Lymphocyte Count (HFLC) to be the distinguishing parameter among dengue positive and negative cases. Compared to all the CPD parameters of our data set, the area under curve for lymphocytes cell size and the width of dispersion (LY-WZ) displayed a borderline value of 0.582.

CONCLUSION: Sysmex XN hematology analyzers can provide extensive information about CPD parameters, allowing for the prompt differentiation among febrile illnesses and dengue infection. HFLC and other significant parameters demonstrate promise as rapid, adjunctive diagnostic tools. Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize the clinical utility of CPD parameters in dengue management.

PMID:39902547 | DOI:10.1111/ijlh.14434

Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2025 Feb 3. doi: 10.2174/0115748928344326240927071620. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: miR-1468-5p, a type of microRNA, is acknowledged for its crucial involvement in a variety of cancerous processes. Nonetheless, the specific impact of this microRNA on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not yet been clearly defined.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate how miR-1468-5p influences LUAD.

METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) offered specimens for our research. Employing statistical techniques, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic significance of miR-1468-5p, as well as its association with clinical characteristics. Our analysis delved into the target genes and the regulatory mechanisms influenced by miR-1468-5p. The expression levels of miR-1468-5p in LUAD cell lines were validated through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

RESULTS: The expression of miR-1468-5p varied significantly across different cancer types. The presence of reduced miR-1468-5p levels was correlated with a lower likelihood of overall survival in LUAD patients, with a statistically significant result (p = 0.005). miR-1468-5p demonstrated independent prognostic significance in LUAD and potentially contributes to disease progression via multiple pathways, including the HIF-1 signaling pathway and more. There was a significant reduction in miR-1468-5p expression in LUAD cell lines when compared to cells of the normal lung epithelium.

CONCLUSION: miR-1468-5p may serve as a useful patent as a therapeutic intervention target and a prognostic indicator for LUAD patients.

PMID:39902535 | DOI:10.2174/0115748928344326240927071620

Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2025;(1):47-53. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202501147.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of fascial dehiscence prevention suture in patients with perioperative risk factors regarding the incidence of this complication after laparotomies in abdominal surgery.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective-prospective controlled randomized study included 112 patients with abdominal surgical diseases who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2023. Patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (n=57), fascial dehiscence occurred in early postoperative period. The second group (n=41) retrospectively included random patients without fascial dehiscence in postoperative period. In the third group (n=22), original preventive suturing of laparotomy was applied. The validity of differences in continuous variables was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test, as well as Dunn’s and Fisher’s post-hoc tests. Differences were significant at p<0.05. The third group did not statistically differ from the first one.

RESULTS: A comprehensive perioperative assessment of risk factors and original aponeurosis suturing technique prevented fascial dehiscence.

PMID:39902508 | DOI:10.17116/hirurgia202501147

Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2025;(1):22-28. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202501122.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the immediate results of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy and to compare the outcomes after Kimura and Warshaw procedures.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective non-randomized study included 27 patients with benign tumors of pancreatic tail and body who underwent spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy between 2020 and 2024. All patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 – Kimura procedure (n=16), 2 – Warshaw procedure (n=16). We excluded patients who underwent enucleations, central resections, and other interventions instead of distal pancreatectomy.

RESULTS: Mean surgery time was 269.06±70.95 (95% CI 227.74 – 319. 95) and 197.27±42.09 min (95% CI 184.36 – 240.64), respectively (p=0.006). Blood loss, length of hospital day, incidence of laparotomy, splenectomy, splenic infarction, and redo surgeries were similar. Clinically significant postoperative fistula B-C was more common in 1^st group (10 (62.4%) vs. 5 (45.5%) cases, p=0.028). There were no significant between-group differences in the incidence of postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo grade >III and mortality.

CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy is the «gold» standard for benign tumors of pancreatic body and tail. The Warshaw and Kimura techniques are safe and effective surgical approaches with similar results. The Warshaw procedure may be more advantageous regarding less surgical resources without deterioration of immediate postoperative results.

PMID:39902505 | DOI:10.17116/hirurgia202501122

Autism Res. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.1002/aur.3312. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Although autism is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, its features change across the life course due to a combination of individual and contextual influences. However, the influence of contextual factors on development during childhood and beyond is less frequently studied than individual factors such as genetic variants that increase autism risk, IQ, language, and autistic features. Potentially important contexts include the family environment and socioeconomic status, social networks, school, work, services, neighborhood characteristics, environmental events, and sociocultural factors. Here, we articulate the benefit of studying contextual factors, and we offer selected examples of published longitudinal autism studies that have focused on how individuals develop within context. Expanding the autism research agenda to include the broader context in which autism emerges and changes across the life course can enhance understanding of how contexts influence the heterogeneity of autism, support strengths and resilience, or amplify disabilities. We describe challenges and opportunities for future research on contextual influences and provide a list of digital resources that can be integrated into autism data sets. It is important to conceptualize contextual influences on autism development as main exposures, not only as descriptive variables or factors needing statistical control.

PMID:39902495 | DOI:10.1002/aur.3312

JBI Evid Synth. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-24-00291. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is now widely recognized that an inclusive approach to evidence to inform policy and practice is necessary. Although methodologies for the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence are well established, the synthesis of non-research evidence remains relatively new. In 2004, JBI developed a methodological approach to synthesize this type of evidence, advocating for the unique role of textual evidence when research to inform decision-making is limited. The JBI approach has recently been revised to reflect significant changes and advances in thinking and conceptualization of conducting textual evidence systematic reviews. The evolution of this methodology and the recent changes that have been made are articulated in this paper.

PMID:39902471 | DOI:10.11124/JBIES-24-00291

Front Physiol. 2025 Jan 20;15:1466153. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1466153. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in adults with different degrees of obesity through cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).

METHODS: From September 2019 to January 2024, the data of patients undergoing CPET in the Rehabilitation Department of the Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 231 cases were included. They were categorized into five groups based on their body mass index (BMI): the control group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m², n = 28), the overweight group (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m², n = 48), the mild obesity group (28 ≤ BMI < 35 kg/m², n = 75), the moderate obesity group (35.0 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m², n = 47), and the severe obesity group (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m², n = 33). Collected informations on the age, gender, height, and weight of five groups of participants. The VO₂ at anaerobic threshold (VO_2AT), percentage of predicted VO_2AT (VO_2AT% Pred), peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak), percentage of predicted VO_2peak (VO_2peak% Pred), peak kilogram oxygen consumption (VO_2peak/kg), maximum exercise power (WR_max), breathing reserve (BR), maximum heart rate (HR_max), percentage of predicted HR_max (HR_max% Pred), maximum O₂ pulse (VO₂/HR_max), percentage of predicted maximum O₂ pulse (VO₂/HR_max%Pred), maximum relative O₂ pulse (VO₂/HR_max/kg),heart rate response (HRr), forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of forced expiratory volume to vital capacity in 1 s (FEV1/FVC), percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% Pred), percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume ratio of 1 s (FEV1% Pred), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), maximum exercise ventilation (VE_max), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and other indicators during the CPET were collected. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the mean of each index between groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BMI and various indicators.

RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in gender composition, age, height, and exercise habit of the five groups of participants (P > 0.05). The body mass and BMI of the five groups had significant differences (P < 0.001). In terms of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, there were statistical differences among the five groups in the overall distribution of VO_2AT (H = 37.370,P < 0.001), VO_2AT/kg (H = 34.747, P < 0.001), VO_2peak (H = 23.018,P< 0.001), VO_2peak/kg (H = 66.606, P < 0.001) and WR_max%Pred (H = 45.136, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference among the five groups in the overall distribution of VO_2AT%Pred, VO_2peak%Pred and WR_max. There were statistical significant difference among the five groups in HR_max (F = 2.443, P = 0.048), HR_max%Pred (F = 6.920, P < 0.001), VO₂/HR_max (F = 8.803, P < 0.001), VO₂/HR_max%Pred (F = 11.354, P < 0.001), VO2/HRmax/kg (F = 18.688, P < 0.001) and BR (F = 6.147, P < 0.001) and HRr (F = 9.467, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences among the five groups in RER_max (F = 0.336, P > 0.05). In terms of static pulmonary function, there were significant differences among the five groups in FVC%Pred (F = 4.577, P = 0.001), FEV1%Pred (F = 3.681, P = 0.006) and FEV1/FVC (F = 3.344, P = 0.011). There was no differences among the five groups in MVV(P> 0.05), and there were significant differences among the five groups in VE_max (P = 0.005) In terms of correlation analysis, BMI was positively correlated with VO_2AT,VO_2peak, VE_max and VO₂/HR_max, and negatively correlated with VO_2AT/kg, VO_2peak/kg,WR_max%Pred, HR_max%Pred, VO₂/HR_max%Pred, VO₂/HR_max/kg,BR and HRr. In terms of static pulmonary function, BMI was negatively correlated with FVC%Pred, FEV1%Pred.

CONCLUSION: With the aggravation of obesity, the maximum exercise ability of adults decreases, VO_2peak/kg and VO₂/HR_max%Pred decreases, and the breathing reserve decreases.

PMID:39902468 | PMC:PMC11788284 | DOI:10.3389/fphys.2024.1466153

Algorithms. 2025 Feb;18(2):62. doi: 10.3390/a18020062. Epub 2025 Jan 24.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of anomaly detection is to identify special data points or patterns that significantly deviate from the expected or typical behavior of the majority of the data, and it has a wide range of applications across various domains. Most existing statistical and machine learning-based anomaly detection algorithms face challenges when applied to high-dimensional data. For instance, the unconstrained least-squares importance fitting (uLSIF) method, a state-of-the-art anomaly detection approach, encounters the unboundedness problem under certain conditions. In this study, we propose a scaled Bregman divergence-based anomaly detection algorithm using both least absolute deviation and least-squares loss for parameter learning. This new algorithm effectively addresses the unboundedness problem, making it particularly suitable for high-dimensional data. The proposed technique was evaluated on both synthetic and real-world high-dimensional time series datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting anomalies. Its performance was also compared to other density ratio estimation-based anomaly detection methods.

PMID:39902466 | PMC:PMC11790285 | DOI:10.3390/a18020062

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):90-97. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02423-x. Epub 2024 Dec 20.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extraoral volume, intraoral volume, and tongue posture in pre- and post-LF1 and B.S.S.O maxillomandibular surgery for skeletal Class III patients, and establish a correlation between them.

METHOD: A retrospective study that evaluated 8 pre- and post-maxillomandibular surgical CT records of patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Borders were demarcated for volumetric measurement. The volume assessment was carried out using Materialise Mimics version 12.0 software.

RESULTS: The mean difference in intraoral volume was 8476 ± 6099 mm³, which was statistically highly significant. The mean difference in extraoral volume was 15005 ± 13704 mm³, which was statistically significant. The mean difference in tongue posture was 2.31 ± 0.63 mm³, which was statistically very highly significant. A strong positive correlation is between the mean differences in tongue-to-palate distance and intraoral volume. A weak negative correlation is between the mean differences in extraoral and intraoral volume and pre- and post-operative maxillomandibular surgery.

CONCLUSION: There was a significant decrease in the extraoral, intraoral volume, and tongue-to-palate distance following maxillomandibular surgery in skeletal Class III patients.

PMID:39902453 | PMC:PMC11787138 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02423-x