Tag: pubmed

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 12;15:1468820. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1468820. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS: Many pregnant women suffer from more than one pregnancy complication. However, whether those women experienced a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes is unclear. This study aims to assess the association between the comorbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and adverse birth outcomes.

METHODS: The data was from the Zhoushan Maternal and Child Health Hospital electronic medical recorder system (EMRS) between 2015 and 2022. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the association of GDM, HDP, and comorbidity with birth weight and gestational age, respectively. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of GDM, HDP, and comorbidity with adverse birth outcomes.

RESULTS: 13645 pregnant women were included. GDM+HDP was significantly associated with a higher risk of composite adverse neonatal outcomes (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.02-3.04), including preterm birth, placenta previa, and/or neonatal jaundice, a higher risk of small for gestational age (SGA) (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.24 3.92) and large for gestational age (LGA) (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.64 3.31) compared with the normal group. Further analysis showed that HDP diagnosed in the 21-27^th week comorbid with GDM had the lowest gestational age at delivery (β= -1.57, P=0.0002) and birth weight (β= -189.57, P=0.0138). Moreover, combined hyperglycemia (CH) comorbid with HDP had the strongest association with reduced gestational age (β= -0.83, P=0.0021).

CONCLUSION: Pregnant women suffering from both GDM and HDP had a higher risk of adverse neonatal outcomes; hence, the prevent and treatment of GDM and HDP, especially their comorbidity, are very important for pregnant women.

PMID:39726848 | PMC:PMC11669500 | DOI:10.3389/fendo.2024.1468820

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 12;15:1400880. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400880. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an important factor contributing to infertility in reproductive-aged women. Hyperandrogenism (HA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This study was conducted to explore the follicular development and endometrial receptivity of different androgen phenotypes in reproductive-aged patients with PCOS.

METHODS: A total of 268 PCOS patients with infertility were recruited and divided into two groups according to the different androgen phenotypes in this study: abnormal menstruation and hyperandrogenism (AM-HA group, n = 127) and abnormal menstruation and polycystic ovarian morphology (AM-PCOM group, n = 141). The follicular development, endometrial receptivity, pregnancy rate, and live birth rate during the natural menstrual cycle were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The number of dominant follicles, number of ovulations, and normal ovulation rate in the AM-HA group were significantly lower compared with those in the AM-PCOM group (p < 0.05). The endometrial thickness (ET), endometrial volume (EV), vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) on days 14 to 24 of the menstrual cycle before ovulation were significantly lower in the AM-HA group than in the AM-PCOM group (p < 0.05). The endometrial VI, FI, and VFI, the integrin αvβ3, and VEGF concentrations in the uterine fluid during the implantation window were significantly lower in the AM-HA group compared with the AM-PCOM group (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the uterine artery blood flow parameters, ET and EV, between the two groups (p > 0.05). The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, and live birth rate in the AM-HA group were significantly lower compared with those in the AM-PCOM group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: PCOS patients with the AM-HA phenotype were vulnerable to ovulation disorders and impaired endometrial receptivity, which resulted in reduced pregnancy rate. Treatment with HA is likely to become an effective approach for improving endometrial receptivity and fecundity disorders in patients with PCOS.

PMID:39726841 | PMC:PMC11669509 | DOI:10.3389/fendo.2024.1400880

J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec 25;373:123850. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123850. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

India’s progress vis-à-vis the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) has stagnated since 2020. The consequences of the non-attainment of the SDGs can be severe. Therefore, questions arise as to what steps must be taken to accelerate progress in India’s SDG attainment. Increased household-level adaptive capacity may accelerate progress in SDG attainment. However, the scholarly literature is characterized by an inadequate understanding of the relationship between adaptive capacity and SDG attainment. Therefore, this study analyzes how household adaptive capacity affects the local attainment of SDGs in India by analyzing household data using advanced statistical techniques. The independent variable, household adaptive capacity, was measured using a locally contextualized composite index. A regression analysis of 38 models on the local attainment of 10 targets of 7 different SDGs (1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, and 16) suggests that higher household-level adaptive capacity may be associated with an increased potential for local SDG attainment in India. Caste identity was also statistically significant in several of the models, which suggests that caste dynamics may play an important role in local SDG attainment. This research is significant because a) India is ranked 109 among 167 countries regarding SDG attainment. Progress in most SDGs remains a matter of concern, and b) the SDGs do not specifically target caste-based discrimination.

PMID:39724676 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123850

Liver Transpl. 2024 Oct 14. doi: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000508. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). We used the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database to compare the incidence of developing PTDM across the United States and develop a risk prediction model for new-onset PTDM using OPTN region as well as donor-related, recipient-related, and transplant-related factors. All US adult, primary, deceased donor, LTRs between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, with no prior history of diabetes noted, were identified. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of PTDM, stratified by OPTN region. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazards of PTDM in each OPTN region and build a risk prediction model, through backward selection. Cumulative incidence of PTDM at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after transplant was 12.0%, 16.1%, and 18.9%, respectively. Region 3, followed by regions 8, 2, and 9, had the highest adjusted hazards of developing PTDM. Inclusion of OPTN region in a risk prediction model for PTDM in LTRs (including recipient age, sex, race, education, insurance coverage, body mass index, primary liver disease, cold ischemia time, and donor history of diabetes) modestly improved performance (C-statistic = 0.60). In patients without pre-existing, confirmed diabetes mellitus, the incidence of PTDM in LTRs varied across OPTN regions, with the highest hazards in region 3, followed by regions 8, 2, and 9. The performance of a novel risk prediction model for PTDM in LTRs has improved performance with the inclusion of the OPTN region. Vigilance is recommended to centers in high-risk regions to identify PTDM and mitigate its development.

PMID:39724669 | DOI:10.1097/LVT.0000000000000508

J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2024 Oct 4. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000881. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Skin care of sick newborns is important because skin acts as a barrier to prevent neonates from infections which may lead to neonatal morbidity and mortality. The highly technological environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) makes them vulnerable to loss of skin integrity. In acute care setting maintenance of skin integrity is considered as an established quality indicator representing nursing care.

AIM OF STUDY: The study aimed to determine the effect of skin care guidelines on nurses’ knowledge related to skincare and the incidence of skin injuries among neonates.

METHODOLOGY: Pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted in the NICU of a private tertiary care hospital. A consecutive sampling technique was used. The intervention comprised educational sessions and demonstrations of skin care practices from AWHONN skin care guidelines. The data on the nurses’ knowledge were collected through self-developed and self-administered questionnaires. Skin injuries were recorded on a checklist through observation for 1 month before and after the intervention. A paired sample t-test was used for comparing knowledge and continuous demographical variables. While the incidence density ratio was calculated for skin injuries.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the nurses’ knowledge of skin care from pre (mean 15.06 ± 5.16) to post (mean19.40 ± 5.17) measurement P-value .001. Incidence density rate of skin injuries reduced from 19% to 3% after the implementation of skin care guidelines.

CONCLUSION: Through the implementation guidelines nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding skin care improved while skin injuries among neonates were reduced.

PMID:39724665 | DOI:10.1097/JPN.0000000000000881

J Craniofac Surg. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010735. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate psychiatric sequelae in open globe injury patients and to identify the risk factors associated with these sequelae.

METHODS: After a complete ophthalmologic examination, Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Zung Depression Scale (ZDS) scores were administered to all patients. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA): group 1 (no perception of light, NPL), group 2 [perception of light (PL) or hand movements (HM)], group 3 (1/200 to 19/200), group 4 (20/200 to 20/50), and group 5 (20/40 or above).

RESULTS: A total of 113 patients with open globe injuries were included. The mean ZDS scores were 78.5±35.9 in group 1, 66.2±24.5 in group 2, and 27.6±2.1 in group 5. In group 1, 8 patients (66.7%) had moderate depression. In group 2, 20 patients (60.6%) had mild depression. All patients in group 4 and group 5 had ZDS scores in the normal range. There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of ZDS scores. In univariate analysis, depression (ZDS) and trauma (DTS) scores were associated with younger age (P=0.016 and P=0.003, respectively) and lower final visual acuity level (P<0.001, for both). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex, a lower final visual acuity level (P<0.001, for both) was also associated.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, high anxiety and depression scores can be seen in open globe injury patients. Patients with young age and lower final visual acuity should be carefully screened, and the presence of a psychiatric pathology should be investigated. Amelioration of psychiatric pathologies may improve patient compliance with treatment and clinical success.

PMID:39724643 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000010735

J Craniofac Surg. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010753. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine speech outcome differences for specific palate repair techniques and correlate these data with patient age at the time of operation.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of consecutive nonsyndromic patients who underwent cleft lip and/or palate repair at the authors’ hospital between 2010 and 2020. Only those patients who participated in at least 4 years of follow-up accompanied by audio-video recording were included. The patient cohort was divided into 2 age groups, between 1 year and 2 years of age versus older than 2 years of age. Standardized perceptual speech evaluations and nasopharyngoscopy were performed by the authors’ team to detect the presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency.

RESULTS: A total of 481 patients were initially evaluated, and 323 of these patients met all inclusion criteria and were subsequently selected for this study. One hundred seventy-two patients (n = 172) underwent palatal surgery using the Bardach 2-flap palatoplasty technique, 47 patients (n = 47) underwent repair through the von Langenbeck palatoplasty technique, 78 patients (n = 78) underwent repair through Veau-Wardill-Killner palatoplasty technique, and 26 patients (n = 26) underwent repair through double-opposing Z-plasty palatoplasty. The rate of residual velopharyngeal insufficiency was statistically similar among all palatoplasty techniques. A comparison between these two age groups revealed that patients younger than 2 years of age showed higher speech outcome success.

CONCLUSION: High rates of speech success are achieved for patients younger than 2 years of age. Speech outcomes success is maximized by proper technique selection in relation to cleft type.

PMID:39724642 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000010753

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):375-400. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-375-400.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to study the features of cognitive disorders in the remote period following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) in the elderly participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the Chornobyl NPP accident (Chornobyl clean-up workers) with chronic cerebrovascular disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective and prospective cohort study with the external and internal controlgroups. The randomized sample of the male elderly participants (attained age more than 60 years old) in liquidationof the consequences of the accident (Chornobyl clean-up workers, liquidators) at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant(ChNPP) in 1986-1987 (main group, n = 52) recruited from the Clinico-epidemiological registry (CER) of StateInstitution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of The National Academyof Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRMHO) with verified chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) was examined.The comparison group (n = 13) consisted of the unexposed in- and out-patients of the Radiation PsychoneurologyDepartment of Institute for Clinical Radiology (ICR) of NRCRMHO with the corresponding age and sex (the comparison group). The internal control group included the liquidators irradiated at doses < 50.0 mSv (n = 12). The psychometric methods (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) with premorbid IQ (pre-IQ) assessment and furtherexpert estimation of neurocognitive status) applied. The methods of descriptive and variation statistics, parametric and non-parametric criteria, regression-correlation analysis were used.

RESULTS: In the main group of the Chornobyl clean-up workers, when compared with the non-exposed control group,significantly lower actual (obtained during direct testing) full (fIQ) and verbal (vIQ) intelligence coefficients werefound (p < 0.01) with a tendency to the current performance intelligence coefficient (pIQ) decrease in the subjectsof the main group (p = 0.08). In the main group of clean-up workers, significantly higher levels of full IQ deficit werefound compared to premorbid levels (p < 0.01), mainly due to a significantly higher level of verbal IQ deficit (p <0.001). A dose-dependent decrease in indicators of both verbal and performance (non-verbal) psychometric tests ofthe WAIS scale was observed in the elderly Chornobyl clean-up workers. With higher radiation doses (> 50 mSv), theseverity of cognitive deficit increases. In the clean-up workers irradiated at doses > 50 mSv when compared to thenon-exposed comparison group, significantly lower values of actual full and verbal IQs were found (p < 0.05) withsignificantly higher values of intellectual disharmony (p < 0.05). When exposed to doses of more than 0.3 Sv, in theChornobyl clean-up workers above 60 years old, a characteristic dose-dependent psychometric pattern was firstrevealed, which consists of a significant decrease in actual performance IQ (r = -0.46; p = 0.039) with a simultaneous increase in performance IQ deficit in comparison with the premorbid levels (r = 0.55; p = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS: Timely detection and monitoring of neurocognitive disorders in the elderly, specifically in victims ofthe Chornobyl disaster, is of extremely great medical and social significance and can prevent the disability andsocial maladaptation in this cohort. Modern cheap and non-invasive psychophysiological and neuropsychiatricmethods of diagnosing neurocognitive dysfunctions can be successfully used both in scientific research and ineveryday clinical practice of neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, and clinical neurophysiologists. Postradiation neurocognitive deficit has its specific features consisting of diffuse organic damage to both left (dominant) and right (subdominant) brain hemispheres, which can testify to the synergistic effect of age-related changesand ionizing radiation on cognitive functioning.

PMID:39724628 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-375-400

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):311-326. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-311-326.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comparative analysis of cardiovascular system state in emergency workers (EW) of theaccident at the Chornobyl NPP and servicemen (SM) of Ukraine Armed Forces (UAF) who took part in the fightagainst russian military aggression, and to assess the role of military service factors on the development of cardiac pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 81 male EW and 161 SM of UAF, who were examined and treated in thecardiology department of NRCRMHO from 2022 to 2024. The average age of the surveyed EW was (56.0 ∓ 2.5) years,and SM – (45.9 ∓ 8.8) years. According to modern standards, clinical examination, electrocardiography, Dopplerechocardiography (EchoCG) examination, and statistical analysis were performed.

RESULTS: It was found that among the examined people of both groups, who are now aged 50 to 60 years, EW at thetime hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) onset were younger than SM on average of7.5 and 5.4 years, respectively. Among EW there were more patients with HHD of stage III, angina pectoris of functional class (FC) III and heart failure (HF) of stage II according to NYHA, while among the FC there was a higher proportion of patients with HHD of stage II, FC II and HF I. In addition, 42 % EW had a history of myocardial infarctioncompared to 14.8 % of SM (р < 0.001), and EW had a higher proportion of patients with AV blocks (41.3% vs. 16.7%,р < 0.001). Echocardiographic parameters showed that EW compared to SM had a higher incidence of left ventricular dilatation, posterior wall and interventricular septum thickening, and, as a result, myocardial hypertrophy, particularly eccentric hypertrophy. It was found that the risk HHD developing during the war was 3.32 times higher inmobilized SM compared to the regular UAF, 2.41 times higher in SM who participated in combat, and 5.27 times higher in SM with shrapnel or bullet wounds. The risk of developing CHD was associated only with UAF staff: in mobilizedSM it was 3.84 times higher than in regular officers.

CONCLUSIONS: The EW group differed from SM in a more severe course of HHD, CHD and HF, they had more severechanges in the structure of left ventricular myocardium. Most likely, this is explained by the fact that the incidenceof HHD and CHD occurs at a younger age, and therefore by the longer duration of these diseases, which led to moresevere pathological myocardial remodeling.

PMID:39724625 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-311-326

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):213-227. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-213-227.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the reciprocal impact on the genome of malignant and normal human peripheral bloodlymphocytes under their co-culture and the possibility to modify the effects by astaxanthin.

METHODS: Separate and joint/separate culturing of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of the chronic lymphocyticleukemia (CLL) patients (n = 6) and conditionally healthy individuals (n = 6), Comet assay method, fluorescencemicroscopy with automated software for the analysis of results, statistical methods.

RESULTS: Both direct and rescue tumour-induced bystander effects were observed under the joint/separate culturing of blood lymphocytes of conditionally healthy individuals (the bystander cells) and blood cells from CLL patients(the inducer cells). The direct effect was characterized by the high level of comets corresponding to the S-phasecells and increased apoptotic activity in the bystander cell cultures. The rescue effect in the culture of inducer cellswas expressed by the increased frequency of cells retained in S-phase, decreased proportion of cells with a high levelof DNA damage and decreased amount of cells in apoptotic stage. Level of both S-phase cells and apoptotic cells inthe cultures of bystander cells significantly decreased under the impact of astaxanthin (p < 0.05). Effect of astaxanthin on the inducer cells was the opposite, namely an increased frequency of S-phase cells and increased apoptotic activity in cultures (p < 0.05) was observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Possible modification of manifestations of both direct and rescue tumor-induced bystander effects bythe astaxanthin was established.

PMID:39724619 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-213-227