Tag: pubmed

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2024 Dec 1;25(12):4115-4122. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.12.4115.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that does not express the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), or the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC has limited treatment targets, including the androgen receptor (AR). However, the therapeutic strategies-based AR expression in TNBC remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of neoadjuvant treatment on TNBC androgen receptor-positive versus receptor-negative patients.

METHODS: A systematic search was performed through databases to search for cohort studies that compared the effect of neoadjuvant treatment on TNBC androgen receptor-positive versus TNBC receptor-negative patients. The Mantel-Haenzel and Inverse Variance methods obtained a fixed-effects model of pooled odds or hazard ratios for the primary outcomes.

RESULTS: Fifteen cohort studies, including 2,713 patients with TNBC, were assessed. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is less superior on AR+ patients than AR- (OR = 0.60, p = 0.02). For survival outcomes, the AR+ subtype is associated with better 3-year DFS (HR = 0.93, p = 0.69) and 3-year OS (HR = 0.71, p = 0.20) compared with AR-. The statistical value is insignificant.

CONCLUSION: The prognostic value of AR expression in TNBC is not fully understood, which is an inconclusive result.

PMID:39733399 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.12.4115

Sleep Breath. 2024 Dec 29;29(1):66. doi: 10.1007/s11325-024-03204-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Light is a crucial factor influencing sleep arousal patterns. This meta-analysis investigates the efficacy of light therapy (LT) for insomnia treatment.

METHODS: Five electronic databases were independently searched by two reviewers until August 2024. The literature screening focused specifically on populations with insomnia complaints treated by LT. Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used as statistical tools, while the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 (RoB 2) was employed to assess the quality of evidence. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed.

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that LT showed statistically significant improvements in subjective sleep quality, as evidenced by a reduction in Pittsburgh sleep quality scale (PSQI) scores by -2.89 (95% CI = -4.80 to -0.97) and Insomnia severity index (ISI) scores by -2.16 (95% CI = -4.23 to -0.08) post-intervention. Additionally, actigraphy revealed a statistically significant increase in total sleep time (TST) by 16.78 min (95% CI = 0.67 to 32.89) and a decrease in wake after sleep onset (WASO) by -12.91 min (95% CI = -25.62 to -0.20) by LT.

CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of the study suggest that LT has some efficacy in improving sleep quality in insomnia. However, it needs to be validated in future clinical trials with larger samples.

PMID:39733392 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-024-03204-z

Planta. 2024 Dec 29;261(1):22. doi: 10.1007/s00425-024-04598-6.

ABSTRACT

Rhizobacteria and silicon fertilization synergism suppress leaf and panicle Blast, and mitigates biotic stress in rice plants. Association of bioagents and silicon is synergistic for mitigating leaf and panicle blast and low phosphorus (P) levels in upland rice, under greenhouse conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the bioagents and silicon interaction on blast disease severity suppression in upland rice plants, under field low P conditions. The experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (E1 and E2), in randomized block design with four replications, and consisted of five treatments, combining a mix of three rhizobacteria, BRM 32114 and BRM62523 (Serratia marcescens), and BRM32110 (Bacillus toyonensis), and three application methods (seed treatment, drenching, spraying). Calcium and magnesium silicate (2 t/ha) was applied over a low soil P, 30 days before sowing. Leaf blast (LBS) and panicle blast (PBS), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress, pathogenesis-related (PR), biochemical indicators such as hydrogen peroxide, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and grain yield (GY), were assessed. Bioagents and silicon suppressed LBS by 77.93 and PBS by 62.37%, reduced AUDPC by 77.3 (LBS) and 60.6% (PBS). The yield in E1 was 25% higher than in E2. The treatments statistically differ only in E2, the yield with bioagents and silicon (2435.72 kg ha^-1) was 71.95% higher compared to the absolute control. All enzymatic activities related to oxidative stress and PR proteins were modulated by bioagents and silicon association. The association of rhizobacteria and silicon exhibited a synergistic effect, and represents a bioprotective combination to reduce the effects of different stresses and indirectly reduces the use of chemical inputs.

PMID:39733387 | DOI:10.1007/s00425-024-04598-6

J Eval Clin Pract. 2025 Feb;31(1):e14289. doi: 10.1111/jep.14289.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study aimed to translate the Environmental Health Literacy Scale (EHLS) into Turkish and assess its construct validity and internal consistency.

METHODS: This research employs a methodological design. The research was conducted during the 2022-2023 academic year with a sample of 500 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences. The data were collected via the introductory information form, the EHLS, and the Environmental Awareness Scale of university students. Subsequently, the data were transferred to the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and IBM SPSS AMOS 23 software programs. Upon evaluation of the research data, frequency distributions for categorical variables and descriptive statistics for numerical variables were provided. Content validity was evaluated through the acquisition of expert approval. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed for scale validity, while Cronbach’s α, test-retest and parallel form analyses were utilized for reliability.

RESULTS: The content validity index of the scale was determined to be 1.00. The scale is constituted of four discrete scales (general, food, air and water), each comprising three dimensions. In consideration of the fit indices, specifically the χ²/df, GFI, TLI, IFI, CFI, RMSEA and SRMR, it can be concluded that the general, food, air and water scales are deemed acceptable. Cronbach’s α coefficients for the scales were found to be 0.70, 0.81, 0.83 and 0.79, respectively. In the parallel form analysis, a statistically significant positive relationship was identified between the scales.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this research indicate that the scale is a reliable instrument for assessing the environmental health literacy levels of undergraduate students enrolled in health sciences programs. It is anticipated that the scale will contribute to the advancement of environmental health literacy awareness.

PMID:39733247 | DOI:10.1111/jep.14289

Med Care. 2024 Nov 1;62(11):748-756. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002057. Epub 2024 Oct 11.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines recommend patient management based on scientific evidence. Quality indicators gauge adherence to such recommendations and assess health care quality. They are usually defined as adverse event rates, which may not fully capture guideline adherence over time.

METHODS: For assessing process indicators where compliance to the recommended treatment can be assessed by evaluating a patient’s trace in linked routine databases, we propose using restricted mean survival time or restricted mean time lost, which are applicable even in competing risk situations. We demonstrate their application by assessing the compliance of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to high-power statins over 12 months in Austria’s political districts, using pseudo-observations and employing causal inference methods to achieve regional comparability.

RESULTS: We analyzed the compliance of 31,678 AMI patients from Austria’s 116 political districts with index AMI between 2011 and 2015. The results revealed considerable compliance variations across districts but also plausible spatial similarities.

CONCLUSIONS: Restricted mean survival time and restricted mean time lost provide interpretable estimates of patients’ expected time in compliance (lost), well-suited for risk-adjusted entity comparisons in the presence of (measurable) confounding, censoring, and competing risks.

PMID:39733232 | DOI:10.1097/MLR.0000000000002057

Med Care. 2024 Nov 1;62(11):723. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002078. Epub 2024 Oct 11.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:39733231 | DOI:10.1097/MLR.0000000000002078

Nurse Educ. 2024 Oct 9. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000001744. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nursing students experience significantly more stress related diseases when compared to non-nursing students, and the state of their mental health can result in short-term increased attrition rates and increased nursing shortages.

PURPOSE: A preexperimental pre-post study design was used to examine mental health and healthy behaviors among prenursing students.

METHODS: Cohorts received the MINDSTRONG© program either in-person or virtually. Data analysis included Personal Wellness Assessments completed at both pre- and poststudy for all participants (n = 110).

RESULTS: Both groups postintervention had statistically significant decreases in anxiety, depression, and stress and statistically significant increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors and beliefs. Students with elevated depression and anxiety scores at baseline had greater decreases postintervention than the overall groups.

CONCLUSION: The outcomes for both cohorts were positive and effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Healthy behaviors were improved and align with findings with an in-person format. Findings from this study support implementation of MINDSTRONG in synchronous sessions, either in-person or virtual.

PMID:39733228 | DOI:10.1097/NNE.0000000000001744

Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83169-x.

ABSTRACT

Globally, the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing, accounting for a third of all deaths worldwide including myocardial infarctions (MIs) which represent the most severe clinical manifestation of CAD and are among the most dangerous coronary events. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge of symptoms and risk factors of MIs, as well as attitudes and beliefs regarding MIs and confidence in recognizing CAD symptoms in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between November 2023 and April 2024 to assess their knowledge and beliefs about CAD and MIs. Data collection was done using convenience sampling with pretested and validated questionnaire. Furthermore, recruiting more sample was achieved by distributing the questionnaires using the snowball technique. ANOVA and Student’s t-test were used to determine the association between variables, with a p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Among respondents, approximately 65.5% were male, 27.3%, fell between the ages of 26 and 30 and 59.1% held a master’s degree. In terms of marital status, the majority, 76.2%, were married. The majority (90%) stated that jaw pain was a symptom of a heart attack, followed by chest pain/pressure (85.9%), weakness/fatigue (85.8%), palpitations/rapid heart rate, and chest discomfort (83.4%). Most respondents (91.6%) were aware that smoking and obesity could increase the risk of MIs, while 85.3% believed that a family history of coronary heart disease could affect the risk of MIs. Additionally, 92.3% said they would seek medical care if they experienced chest pain within 15 min. The respondents’ gender (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.004), education (p = 0.001), and marital status (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with levels of knowledge of MI. The findings showed that half of the study population had good knowledge and were well-informed about jaw and chest pain as the main symptoms of MI. Despite understanding the clinical potential of MI, the majority expressed low confidence in their ability to identify heart attack symptoms and recommended health education about the illness to provide prompt assistance.

PMID:39733213 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-83169-x

Int J Bipolar Disord. 2024 Dec 28;12(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s40345-024-00367-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. Moreover, it is frequently accompanied by bipolar disorder (BD) as well as borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is unclear whether these disorders share underlying pathomechanisms, given that all three are characterized by alterations in affective states, either long or short-term. BD is characterized by infrequent but intense mood shifts, while ADHD and BPD involve more dynamic emotional fluctuations. It is yet to be determined whether these disorders represent distinct phenomena or different points on a spectrum of affective dysregulation.

METHODS: This study seeks to distinguish the emotional dysregulation of BPD, ADHD, and BD by using digital phenotyping, a measurement burst electronic-diary method with different sampling rates, and accelerometry to measure participants’ activity. Our study will include 480 participants aged 14 to 50 (120 each from BPD, ADHD, BD, and healthy control groups) from five European sites. Participants’ smartphones will provide continuous data on their digital phenotypes, i.e., by indicators of physical activity and communication, for one year, along with daily evening ratings of mood and sleep. Moreover, five intensive measurement periods of five days each, called measurement bursts, will occur throughout the year, with electronic diaries asking participants to report on mood, self-esteem, impulsivity, life events, social interactions, and dysfunctional behaviors ten times a day. Moreover, participants will wear activity sensors during the five measurement bursts. Statistical analysis aims to identify whether affective dysregulation aspects share or differ across disorders. Specifically, data analysis aims to investigate the differences in parameters of affect fluctuation such as attractor strength and variability between disorders and to test the association of genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders and resilience factors with critical parameters of affect modulation.

DISCUSSION: The results of this study offer the potential to link patients’ external exposures with their affective state, reduce misdiagnosis, and determine the best timing for therapeutic interventions. Potential limitations of the study include insufficient recruitment of patients and drop-outs due to various protocol violations.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study code: DRKS00028917, registered 27.07.2022, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00028917 .

PMID:39733204 | DOI:10.1186/s40345-024-00367-2

Surg Endosc. 2024 Dec 28. doi: 10.1007/s00464-024-11457-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of individualized patient data (IPD) to inform the development of evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations.

METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central in October 2023 to identify RCTs comparing Hartmann’s resection (HR), primary resection and anastomosis (PRA), or laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) among patients with class Ib-IV Hinchey diverticulitis. Outcomes of interest were prioritized by an international, multidisciplinary panel including two patient partners. Article screening, data extraction for IPD, and risk of bias appraisal were performed by two reviewers. We used a random-effects NMA to synthesize direct and indirect evidence. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic. The panel appraised the certainty of the evidence using GRADE and CINeMA.

RESULTS: Fourteen reports of seven RCTs were derived from 4,659 articles. IPD data were available for 595/678 patients (88.8%) across trials. Patients had a mean age ± SD of 64.61 ± 13.64 years and a mean BMI ± SD of 26.12 ± 5.20 kg/m², representing Hinchey classes I (1.2%), II (1.0%) III (76.3%), and IV (12.1%), respectively. Using minimal important difference thresholds, in-hospital/30-day mortality was higher among patients receiving LPL versus HR [42 more per 1000, 95% CI (41 fewer to 331 more), moderate effect; low certainty] as well as PRA [45 more per 1000 patients, 95% CI (33 fewer to 340 more) moderate effect; low certainty] without heterogeneity (I² = 0%). Among 417 patients from four trials, there was a lower stoma rate among patients receiving PRA versus LPL [539 fewer per 1000, 95% CI (647 fewer to 306 fewer), large effect; low certainty].

CONCLUSION: PRA likely confers a lower stoma rate at 1 year compared to HR, while there may be no difference in 30-day/in-hospital mortality. LPL likely confers a higher in-hospital/30-day mortality rate compared to HR and PRA.

PMID:39733170 | DOI:10.1007/s00464-024-11457-8