Tag: pubmed

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1387255. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387255. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

In the rapid urbanization process in China, due to reasons such as employment, education, and family reunification, the number of mobile population without registered residence in the local area has increased significantly. By 2020, the group had a population of 276 million, accounting for over 20% of the total population, making significant contributions to urban economic development and resource optimization. However, the health status of migrant populations is affected by unique issues such as occupational risks and socio-economic disparities, which play an important role in personal welfare, social stability, and sustainable economic growth. The deterioration of the health of the floating population will lead to a decrease in productivity, an increase in medical expenses, and an increase in pressure on the public health system. In order to analyze and predict the main elements affecting the well-being of transient population, this study uses advanced machine learning algorithms such as principal component analysis, backpropagation (BP) neural networks, community analysis, random forest models, etc. Principal component analysis will identify and extract the most important variables that affect the health status of mobile populations. The BP neural network models the nonlinear interaction between health determinants and health outcomes. Community analysis divides the floating population into different health records and promotes targeted intervention measures. The random forest model improves the accuracy and universality of predictions. The insights generated by these models will help develop health policies and intervention policies to improve the health status of mobile populations, narrow disparities, and promote social and economic stability. Integrating data-driven methods and emphasizing a shift towards correct, effective, and impactful public health management provides a robust framework for understanding and addressing the complex health issues faced by mobile populations.

PMID:39720812 | PMC:PMC11666355 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387255

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1455395. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1455395. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP), including Spanish-preferred patients, face healthcare challenges due to language barriers. Despite the potential of digital health technologies to improve access and outcomes, there is a “digital divide” with underutilization among vulnerable populations, including Spanish-speaking LEP individuals, highlighting a need for increased understanding and equitable digital health solutions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-mode, multi-language cross-sectional survey was built based on the Technology Acceptance Model and deployed from a multi-state healthcare practice. Measures included patient-reported comfort level with reading and speaking English, internet and computer access and satisfaction, ability to perform healthcare-related online tasks, and the eHEALS scale of digital health literacy.

RESULTS: A total of 212 Spanish-preferred patients completed the survey (response rate, 212/2,726 = 7.8%), of which 73.6% indicated lack of comfort in reading or writing in English (LEP n = 156). Spanish-speaking individuals with LEP reported higher rates of needing help when learning how to use new technology or devices, reporting difficulty in the evaluation of health information on the internet and being able to differentiate high-quality information from low-quality online health resources, feeling confident in using health information found online to make health decisions, and having lower access to health-related online services than Spanish-speaking individuals without LEP.

DISCUSSION: Improving equitable accessibility to digital tools for individuals with LEP seeking healthcare can help to improve their engagement with their providers and promote self-efficacy in their care. Opportunities exist with emerging technologies to develop language-concordant healthcare resources that will improve outcomes for Spanish-preferred patients.

PMID:39720810 | PMC:PMC11666482 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1455395

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1457921. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1457921. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Common prosperity holds significant importance in ensuring social equity, promoting sustainable economic growth, and achieving long-term national security. The management of multidimensional relative poverty is a crucial pathway to realizing the common prosperity of all individuals. It is worthwhile to investigate whether the formal and informal financial involvement of rural households can synergistically alleviate multidimensional relative poverty, ultimately contributing to the realization of common prosperity.

METHODS: Using data from 5,303 farm households in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, this study employs multiple linear regression, instrumental variable methods, and propensity score matching to empirically analyze the common prosperity effect of formal and informal financial participation from the perspective of multidimensional relative poverty.

RESULTS: The research demonstrates that both formal and informal financial participation can alleviate multidimensional relative poverty, with formal financial participation exhibiting a more pronounced poverty reduction effect compared to informal financial participation. Mechanism analysis reveals that both forms of financial participation mitigate multidimensional relative poverty by facilitating land transfer and non-farm employment. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that formal financial participation yields a more pronounced poverty reduction effect among rural households experiencing lower levels of multidimensional relative poverty, whereas informal financial participation is more effective in reducing poverty among rural households facing higher levels of multidimensional relative poverty.

DISCUSSION: To achieve common prosperity and enhance the precision of financial interventions for poverty alleviation, it is recommended to leverage the strengths of formal finance over informal finance, enhance financial assistance for land transfer and non-farm employment, and implement tailored financial support policies.

PMID:39720809 | PMC:PMC11666490 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1457921

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1497745. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1497745. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), mainly caused by cigarette smoking, is one of the leading causes of death in the United States (US) and frequent asthma attacks are often exacerbated by cigarette use. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often used to quit cigarette smoking. Prevalence of COPD, asthma, cigarette use, and e-cigarette use differs between racial/ethnic groups. The overall objective was to assess the associations between e-cigarette use and COPD and asthma and how race/ethnicity and cigarette smoking modifies these associations.

METHODS: Data were retrieved from the 2016-2018 and 2020-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System datasets, a national annual health survey representing the US general adult population. Frequency and weighted percentages or means and standard deviations were obtained. Rao-Scott Chi-square test, two-sample t tests, and logistic regression were used to evaluate binary associations between current e-cigarette use and lifetime diagnosis of COPD and asthma. Multivariable analyses using logistic regression were conducted to assess associations between variables. Interaction effects between e-cigarette use and race/ethnicity were assessed and stratified analyses were performed as indicated. All multivariate analyses were stratified by cigarette smoking status.

RESULTS: Prevalence of e-cigarette use was 5.1%, COPD was 6.7%, and asthma was 9.2%. Individuals who currently smoked cigarettes among all racial/ethnic groups, excluding non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, were more likely to report current asthma if using e-cigarettes compared to non-use (p < 0.05). Among individuals who never smoked, Non-Hispanic White (NHW), NH-Black and Hispanic individuals using e-cigarettes had greater odds of COPD compared to NHW, NH-Black and Hispanic individuals who did not use these products, respectively (p < 0.05). Among NHW, Hispanic, and NH-Other persons who currently used cigarettes, individuals currently using e-cigarettes had greater odds of COPD compared to NHW, Hispanic, and NH-Hispanic individuals who did not use e-cigarettes, respectively (p < 0.05). Among individuals who formerly used cigarettes, current e-cigarette use was associated with COPD and asthma. Among individuals who never used cigarettes, current e-cigarette use was associated with reporting current asthma.

CONCLUSION: The association between e-cigarette use and COPD and asthma was dependent on smoking status and racial/ethnic groups. Further studies should be conducted to explore this association.

PMID:39720808 | PMC:PMC11666483 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1497745

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1485333. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1485333. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

In 2019, ozone was responsible for about 365,000 premature deaths worldwide (6.21 million healthy life years lost) and acute ozone exposure led to 16,800 premature deaths in the European Union. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of NO, NO₂, wind direction (WD) wind speed (WS), air temperature (TA), and total radiation (GLR) on ozone concentration levels. Data provided by 3 automatic air quality monitoring stations of the Regional Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Katowice, were used in this study. The measurements were conducted in from January 1 2009 to December 31 2017. The data obtained from the measuring stations were statistically analysed. The study showed that the strongest influencing factors for O₃ values are air temperature and total radiation, with each showing a high correlation with ozone concentration. NO and NO₂ had a dual effect on O₃ concentration, causing an increase in ozone concentration at low NO and NO₂ concentrations and a decrease in ozone concentration at higher NO and NO₂ concentrations. We noted that the direction of the wind had very little effect on the concentration of O₃. The influence of wind speed on the O₃ level was also small, but stronger than that of the wind direction. The research shows that in the analysed years for selected measuring stations the strongest factors influencing O₃ concentration are air temperature and total radiation, the NO and NO₂ concentrations had a dualistic effect on the O₃ concentration.

PMID:39720804 | PMC:PMC11666518 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1485333

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1469483. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1469483. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Assessing children’s food and nutrition security in Indonesia, especially among children from parents who experienced child marriage, is crucial for policymakers. This study investigates the role of parental child marriage in children’s food security and nutritional status.

METHODS: We analyze data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 (2007) and 5 (2014), involving 1,612 households. We employ OLS and binary logit regression analysis.

RESULTS: Our analysis reveals that parental child marriage is associated with higher probability of children being stunted and experiencing food insecurity. Additionally, parental child marriage correlates with higher BMI-for-age z-scores, which increase the risk of obesity, and lower Food Consumption Scores (FCS).

RECOMMENDATION: Implementing community initiatives, economic empowerment, healthcare access, and gender-sensitive and integrated policies is crucial for enhancing food security and improving nutritional status among childen in families affected by child marriage.

PMID:39720800 | PMC:PMC11666496 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1469483

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 9;12:1479750. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1479750. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Diagnostic errors burden the United States healthcare system. Depending on how they are defined, between 40,000 and 4 million cases occur annually. Despite this striking statistic, and the potential benefits epidemiological approaches offer in identifying risk factors for sub-optimal diagnoses, diagnostic error remains an underprioritized epidemiolocal research topic. Magnifying the challenge are the array of forms and definitions of diagnostic errors, and limited sources of data documenting their occurrence. In this narrative review, we outline a framework for improving epidemiological applications in understanding risk factors for diagnostic error. This includes explicitly defining diagnostic error, specifying the hypothesis and research questions, consideration of systemic including social and economic factors, as well as the time-dependency of diagnosis relative to disease progression. Additional considerations for future epidemiological research on diagnostic errors include establishing standardized research databases, as well as identifying potential important sources of study bias.

PMID:39720799 | PMC:PMC11667112 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1479750

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1410499. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410499. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have explored the association between breakfast consumption and suicidal behaviors among children and adolescents, such associations have been less frequently reported among adults and seniors.

METHOD: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hebei Province, China. A total of 21, 376 community residents aged 18 years and older were interviewed. This study evaluated the breakfast frequency per week (BFF), full breakfast frequency (FBF), suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts of the participants. Sociodemographic variables, living alone, and sleep quality were also measured.

RESULTS: The prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 1.4, 0.3, and 0.2%, respectively. Compared to ≥6 days/week BFF, 2-3 days/week BFF was positively associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.93, p < 0.01), suicide plan (OR = 2.73, p < 0.05), and suicide attempts (OR = 3.46, p < 0.05). In addition, participants with 2-3 days/week FBF was also at higher risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.06, p < 0.001), comparing with never FBF.

CONCLUSION: The reported prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were lower compared to other countries. Lower breakfast frequency was positively associated with suicidal behaviors, and participants with 2-3 days/week of full breakfast consumption were also at a higher risk of suicidal ideation.

PMID:39720798 | PMC:PMC11667555 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410499

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 10;12:1507672. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1507672. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the temporal trends in the age and sex burdens of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 and to analyze their epidemiological characteristics to formulate corresponding strategies to control LRIs.

METHODS: This study utilized open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 to assess the burden of disease based on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, years lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of LRIs in China and globally. Moreover, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of LRIs in China and globally was conducted via the Joinpoint regression model, age-period-cohort model (APC model), and stratified analysis of the study method from multiple dimensions, such as age, sex, and period. Finally, we used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the disease burden in LRIs over the next 15 years.

RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, China’s age-standardized incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 people decreased from 5,481.13 (95% CI: 5,149.05, 5,836.35) to 2,853.81 (95% CI: 2,663.94, 3,067.55), from 60.65 (95% CI. 52.96, 66.66) to 14.03 (95% CI: 11.68, 17) and from 3,128.39 (95% CI: 2,724.11, 3,579.57) to 347.67 (95% CI: 301.28, 402.94). The global age-standardized incidence, deaths, and DALY rates per 100,000 people, on the other hand, decreased from 6,373.17 (95% CI: 5,993.51, 6,746.04) to 4,283.61 (95% CI: 4,057.03, 4,524.89) and from 61.81 (95% CI: 56.66, 66.74) to 28.67 (95% CI: 25.92, 31.07) and from 3,472.9 (95% CI: 3,090.71, 3,872.11) to 1,168.8 (95% CI: 1,016.96, 1,336.95). The decline in the aforementioned indicators is greater in the female population than in the male population, and the decrease in China is more pronounced than the global trend. In China, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of LRIs showed an annual average percentage change (AAPC) of -2.12 (95% CI: -2.20, -2.03) and -4.77 (95% CI: -5.14, -4.39), respectively. Globally, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for LRIs decreased by -1.28 (95% CI: -1.37, -1.18) and -2.47 (95% CI: -2.61, -2.32). By 2036, the incidence of lower respiratory infections (LRI) among men and women in China is projected to decrease by 36.55 and 46.87%, respectively, while the mortality rates are expected to decline to 12.67% for men and increase by 71.85% for women. In comparison, the global decline in LRI incidence is lower than that observed in China, yet the reduction in mortality rates is greater globally than in China.

CONCLUSIONS: Age-standardized incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased more in China than at the global level between 1990 and 2021. Compared with the previous period, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in the disease burden of LRIs. As the population continues to age, the disease burden of LRIs in the old adult population will become a major new public health challenge.

PMID:39720797 | PMC:PMC11666531 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1507672

Am J Lifestyle Med. 2024 Dec 22:15598276241308551. doi: 10.1177/15598276241308551. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Physical activity and sedentary behavior have significant prognostic importance in survivors of breast cancer. However, not much is known about physical activity and sedentary behavior in the midwestern United States for patients who have breast cancer. This study provides patient-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior from a cohort of patients from the midwestern United States. Methods: A survey assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior from patients with all types of local or invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Demographic information and characteristics of participants’ breast cancer, including time since diagnosis, type of cancer, and remission status were gathered. Results: Data from 108 patients reveal diverse physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns. Seventeen individuals (15.9%) report not engaging in any form of physical activity and only 15.9% report meeting national guideline recommendations of greater than 150 minutes of moderate intensity-equivalent physical activity per week. A wide range of physical activity in minutes was reported across age, time since diagnosis, type of cancer and remission status, none of which was statistically significant. Participants report sitting or reclining an average of 6.1 hours (SD = 3.9) per day during a typical workday and 5.8 hours (SD = 3.8) on a typical non-workday. Conclusions: Our study provides information about physical activity and sedentary behavior in a cohort of midwestern patients with breast cancer and indicates that the majority of the patients could be at high risk for long-term adverse prognosis. Tailored lifestyle programs to enhance physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior are critical to improve outcomes. Our results indicate that clinicians should incorporate healthy lifestyle medicine recommendations for all patients living with breast cancer at any age or time since diagnosis, independent of cancer type or remission status.

PMID:39720786 | PMC:PMC11664562 | DOI:10.1177/15598276241308551