Tag: pubmed

J Neurophysiol. 2024 Oct 30. doi: 10.1152/jn.00298.2024. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recent interest in dynamic sound localisation models has created a need to better understand the head movements made by humans. Previous studies have shown that static head positions and small oscillations of the head obey Donders’ law: for each facing direction there is one unique three-dimensional orientation. It is unclear whether this same constraint applies to audiovisual localisation, where head movement is unrestricted and subjects may rotate their heads depending on the available auditory information. In an auditory guided visual search task, human subjects were instructed to localise an audiovisual target within a field of visual distractors in the frontal hemisphere. During this task, head and torso movements were monitored using a motion capture system. Head rotations were found to follow Donders’ law during search tasks. Individual differences were present in the amount of roll that subjects deployed, though there was no statistically significant improvement in model performance when including these individual differences in a gimbal model. The roll component of head rotation could therefore be predicted with a truncated Fick gimbal, which consists of a pitch axis nested within a yaw axis. This led to a reduction from three to two degrees of freedom when modelling head movement during localisation tasks.

PMID:39475488 | DOI:10.1152/jn.00298.2024

Death Stud. 2024 Oct 30:1-12. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2419605. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Insecure attachment styles have been linked to an increased risk for suicidality, functioning as a distal risk factor for suicide behaviors in adulthood. Studies on the subject are numerous, but heterogeneous in methodology. This study aimed to sensibly group study findings and quantify the magnitude of this relationship. We performed a systematic literature search to select studies investigating insecure adult attachment styles and suicidal ideation and attempt, and present quantitative data that could be pooled into a meta-analysis. Six random-effect meta-analyses were performed, comprising 47 studies with 50,214 individuals. A small effect size association was found for the relationship between suicidal ideation and insecure attachment styles (anxious, avoidant, and fearful); similar findings were found for the relationship between suicide attempt and insecure attachment (Pearson’s r ranged from 0.16 to 0.26, all ps <0.05). The type of attachment measure moderated the association of suicidal ideation with anxious and avoidant attachment.

This review has been preregistered at The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) – Registration number CRD42023401459.

PMID:39475484 | DOI:10.1080/07481187.2024.2419605

Glob Health Action. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):2401849. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2401849. Epub 2024 Oct 30.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Abortion stigma as reported globally has been inadequately documented empirically in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country with a restrictive abortion law and a high rate of unsafe abortions.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to investigate the ways in which abortion stigma is experienced by Nigerian health professionals and how such experiences influence health professionals’ practice of safe abortion and post-abortion care.

METHODS: The study utilized qualitative research consisting of in-depth interviews with 10 abortion providers. We elicited information with an open-ended interview guide that investigated the understanding of participants’ experiences of abortion stigma in Nigeria. The data were analysed qualitatively and thematically using Atlas.ti.

RESULTS: The themes centred on perceptions and experiences of stigma among the providers interviewed. Participants’ experiences of abortion stigma included the following: being treated differently to other health professionals; experiencing disapproval and disrespect; name-calling and societal judgement; tagging and profiling of clinics by anti-abortionists; and social isolation. Participants attributed stigma to cultural and religious beliefs, the restrictive national abortion law, and pointed to hypocrisy. Some reported effects of stigma on providers included a feeling of insecurity, social exclusion, secrecy, and insincerity in clinical practice, discouragement, and guilt feelings. Despite the negative impacts, many respondents reported a sense of satisfaction stemming from their views that they were saving lives.

CONCLUSION: Systematic efforts to address these adverse factors could reduce the level of stigma experienced by providers, with a potential follow-through effect of improving women’s access to safe abortion care in Nigeria.

PMID:39475477 | DOI:10.1080/16549716.2024.2401849

J Gerontol Nurs. 2024 Nov;50(11):6-12. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20241014-02. Epub 2024 Nov 1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The current study explored the association of nursing home (NH) residents’ demographic and clinical attributes and NH characteristics with resident-reported satisfaction with NH communities.

METHOD: Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression were used to test the association of demographic and clinical attributes of residents and NH characteristics with resident-reported NH satisfaction with 197 NH residents from 28 NHs.

RESULTS: Correlational analysis and regressions indicated an association among residents’ demographic and clinical characteristics, NH characteristics, and self-reported NH satisfaction. Higher age, higher education, and race (minority status) were associated with greater resident-reported NH satisfaction. Greater NH staffing and for-profit ownership status were associated with less NH satisfaction. Greater resident depressive symptoms and dressing assistance were associated with lower resident-reported NH satisfaction.

CONCLUSION: Administrators and staff should look beyond NH characteristics and consider their residents’ diverse personal characteristics to create an environment that promotes satisfaction and well-being. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(11), 6-12.].

PMID:39475472 | DOI:10.3928/00989134-20241014-02

Orthod Craniofac Res. 2024 Oct 30. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12870. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of active presurgical orthopaedics appliances in infants presenting with complete unilateral cleft lip and overlapped alveolus (T-shaped alveolus).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective and prospective longitudinal study was performed. Infants diagnosed with complete unilateral cleft lip and overlapped alveolus, received treatment with the active presurgical orthopaedics appliances from June 2020 to June 2023, at Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City. The treatment duration averaged 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment casts of noses and alveolus were scanned using TRIOS3 Wireless intraoral scanner (3Shape, Denmark) and analysed with Slicer 5.2.2 software. There were 16 quantitative variables. A pair t-test and Wilcoxon signed ranks were used for analysis. The statistical significance was adopted as p < 0.05.

RESULTS: A total 40 patients (17 males, 23 females, mean age 23.85 ± 19.22 days) were evaluated. After treatment, the nostril height increased by 2.62 ± 0.22 mm and the deviation columella decreased by -23.45° ± 2.29°. There was a reduction in cleft gap (-3.77 ± 2.01 mm), and in the overlap of alveolus (-3.71 ± 1.83 mm), the growth of cleft segment increased by 2.27 ± 2.00 mm, while the rotation of the noncleft side alveolus decreased by -5.29° ± 5.31°. The changes were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Active presurgical orthopaedics appliances improved the nasal deformity and overlapped alveolus morphology in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and T-shaped alveolus.

PMID:39475444 | DOI:10.1111/ocr.12870

Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2024 Oct 30:ivae179. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivae179. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In some centrally located lung cancers, complete excision of the mass cannot be achieved with parenchymal sparing procedures, and pneumonectomy may be required. The mortality and morbidity rates of pneumonectomy were reported considerably high. Here, we investigated the effectivity of modified frailty index-5 (MFI-5) in patients undergoing pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS: Data of patients who underwent pneumonectomy for NSCLC between January 2018 and December 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. MFI-5 score was determined by preoperative diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, congestive heart failure, and functional status. The effectiveness of the MFI-5 score for the presence of postoperative major complications and 30-day mortality was investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Eight (7,5%) of patients were female, and the mean age was 61,4 ± 8,7. MFI-5 score was 0 in 48 patients (44.9%), 1 in 27 patients (25.2%), and 2 in 20 patients (18.7%). Postoperative 30-day mortality was detected in 4 patients (3,7%), and the major complications occurred in 42 patients (39,3%). In multivariate analysis, an MFI-5 score of 2 or higher (p = 0,008, OR: 4,9) was statistically significant for complications, whereas age, gender, side of operation, less than 2 MFI-5 score, tumour diameter, type of surgery, and lymph node metastasis status were not statistically significant (p > 0,05).

CONCLUSIONS: The MFI-5 score is a significant indicator for predicting major postoperative events in patients who underwent pneumonectomy for NSCLC.

PMID:39475437 | DOI:10.1093/icvts/ivae179

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2024 Oct 30. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.15961. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Arcuate uterus does not impact the success of infertility treatments, but there is no consensus on whether it influences perinatal outcomes. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether minor congenital uterine anomalies such as an arcuate uterus contribute to perinatal complications. This was a retrospective cohort study at a single institution. The study included 1097 deliveries after 22 weeks of gestation. Transvaginal ultrasound, with three-dimensional functionality, assessed uterine morphology based on American Society for Reproductive Medicine criteria. We compared maternal backgrounds and perinatal complications between arcuate uterus and normal uterus groups. Statistical analyses, including multivariate analysis, aimed to identify independent risk factors. A total of 69 patients (7.5%) with diagnosed arcuate uterus were included. Maternal background factors showed no significant differences between groups. In perinatal complications, an arcuate uterus was associated with a significantly higher incidence of preterm delivery (13% versus 4.7%, P = 0.01), preterm premature rupture of membranes (7.2% versus 1.6%, P = 0.01), fetal growth restriction (FGR; 16% versus 6.7%, P = 0.01), and abnormal placental cord insertion (33% versus 7.6%, P < 0.01). After multivariate analysis, arcuate uterus emerged as an independent risk factor for preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-9.9], P < 0.01), FGR (aOR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.2-5.6], P = 0.02), and abnormal placental cord insertion (aOR, 6.0 [95% CI, 3.4-10.6], P < 0.01). Arcuate uterus stands as an independent risk factor for preterm delivery, FGR, and abnormal placental cord insertion. The findings emphasize the importance of recognizing even minor uterine morphological abnormalities in assessing and managing perinatal complications.

PMID:39475428 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.15961

Health Mark Q. 2024 Oct 30:1-19. doi: 10.1080/07359683.2024.2422202. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Sustaining telehealth uptake hinges on people’s desire and ability to effectively engage with it. We explored trust and confidence in telehealth delivered by medical and allied health using cross-sectional survey of 1,116 Australians. Descriptive analysis presented factors that would improve trust and confidence in telehealth cross-tabulated with video consultation experience. Inferential statistics compared levels of trust in medical and allied health telehealth with user-related variables. Trust in medical telehealth was higher than in allied health, but practice with video calls, experience with high-quality telehealth, and good internet were associated with greater levels of trust in both groups. Telehealth with a known health professional and no additional costs were top-ranked factors to improve trust and confidence. Participants confident in troubleshooting trusted telehealth more. This first cross-sectional study on trust and confidence in telehealth suggests that digital upskilling and promoting quality video consultations can potentially enhance telehealth adoption.

PMID:39475427 | DOI:10.1080/07359683.2024.2422202

Sports Biomech. 2024 Oct 30:1-32. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2398508. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Functional data analysis (FDA) is a contemporary area of statistics designed for analysis of functions or curves. FDA has grown in human movement applications over the last three decades, with it being applied across a range of sport applications including rowing, weightlifting, diving, race-walking, jumping and running. Functional principal components analysis (fPCA) has been the most commonly used technique in sports biomechanics, often being applied to better understand characteristics of variability present in curves from biomechanical variables sampled from sporting movements. Given that FDA is an area of statistics with specific techniques for processing and analysing data, it provides one valuable platform for biomechanists to understand and think about their data more holistically. Further, the visual interpretability that FDA techniques provide, there is great potential for FDA to be used beyond research contexts, as a suite of practical tools to assist practical sports biomechanists in making decisions in sport. This review aims to demonstrate some methods yet to be applied in sports biomechanics, with simple sports biomechanics data applications taken from rowing. This article aims to showcase the value that FDA may have in assisting practitioners as they make decisions with athletes regarding their movement characteristics.

PMID:39475398 | DOI:10.1080/14763141.2024.2398508

Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Jul 23:S0002-9165(24)00598-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity increases risk of infant mortality. Because obesity is highly inheritable, grandmaternal obesity could also play a role. However, it is unknown whether grandmaternal obesity is related to grandoffspring infant mortality risk.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations of grandmaternal early pregnancy body mass index [BMI (in kg/m²)] and grandoffspring infant mortality risk.

METHODS: Using Swedish nationwide registers, we estimated infant mortality hazard ratios (HRs) by levels of maternal grandmaternal early pregnancy BMI among 315,461 singleton live-born grandoffspring. We examined whether the association was mediated through maternal body size. In a subset of 164,095 grandsoffspring we evaluated the role of paternal grandmaternal BMI. To explore whether factors shared within families explained these associations, we studied the relations of maternal or paternal full sisters’ BMI and infant mortality.

RESULTS: Maternal grandmaternal overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0) was associated with increased grandoffspring infant mortality risk. Compared with the population median BMI (21.7), estimated adjusted hazard ratios [HRs (95% confidence interval [CI])] of grandoffspring mortality for BMI 25.0 and 30.0 were, respectively, 1.60 (1.14, 2.23) and 1.61 (1.13, 2.27). Maternal high birth weight-for-gestational age and early pregnancy obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0) were also associated with increased infant mortality risk. The association between maternal grandmaternal overweight or obesity and grandoffspring infant mortality was mostly (62%) mediated through maternal overweight or obesity. Maternal sisters’ BMI was unrelated to infant mortality. Paternal grandmaternal obesity was associated with increased infant mortality risk (HR [95% CI] for BMI 30.0 compared with 21.7: 1.65 [1.02, 2.67]); associations with paternal sisters’ BMI were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal grandmaternal overweight or obesity is associated with increased risk of grandoffspring infant mortality; factors shared within families may not play a major role. The association is mediated through the maternal early pregnancy BMI. Whether the association with paternal grandmaternal BMI is explained by shared familial factors warrants future confirmation.

PMID:39475386 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.003