Tag: pubmed

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):207-212. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02398-9. Epub 2024 Dec 11.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study examines the levels of CD24 and CD44 expression in premalignant oral lesions (PMOL) and locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to improve the early detection of the disease. We utilized RT-PCR techniques to examine the expression of two cell membrane proteins, CD24 and CD44, in blood and tissue samples.

METHODS: A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the expression patterns of CD24 and CD44 in blood and tissue samples obtained from individuals with PMOL (n = 20), OSCC (n = 20), and control subjects (n = 10). An independent t-test was utilized, revealing that CD24 demonstrated statistical significance with a p-value < 0.05. Fold change analysis had been performed to quantify the differences in expression between the two groups.

RESULTS: CD24 was found to be increased in both tissue and blood groups. CD44 expression was higher in the tissue group in contrast to the blood group. The results for CD24 were statistically significant, with a p-value < 0.05. The findings affirm the use of CD24 as a dependable biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC in both tissue and blood specimens.

CONCLUSION: In conjunction with histological characteristics and clinicopathological factors, CD24 serves as a dependable biomarker for the early diagnosis of OSCC.

PMID:39902448 | PMC:PMC11787126 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02398-9

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):267-273. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02418-8. Epub 2024 Dec 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Mandibular nerve block provides good quality and long-lasting analgesia. In situations necessitating extraoral nerve-blocking procedures, clinicians may find it technically challenging to administer this block due to its uncertain surface landmarks or distorted anatomy. Peripheral nerve stimulator is a device used to electrically stimulate the peripheral and terminal branches of the nerve.

METHODS: This prospective interventional clinical study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College And Hospital in patients requiring surgical extraction of mandibular third molar. Patients were divided into two groups: control group and test group based on computer-generated randomization. Control group patients underwent impaction procedure after conventional extraoral mandibular nerve block, while test group patients underwent impaction procedure after PNS-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done and the mean length of anaesthesia between the two groups was compared using a paired t test, and the mean pain levels up to six hours were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Out of 42 patients, 25 were male and 17 were female. The mean age was 28.36 years. The age range was 19-52 years. In both control and test groups, no patients had failure of anaesthesia, and no one complained of pain during the procedure; hence, no supplemental injections were given. Visual analogue scale score remained (score ≤ 2) up to 6 h for patients in test group.

CONCLUSION: Thus, using a peripheral nerve stimulator guarantees the success of the block. For patients undergoing third molar surgery, it is a reliable, secure, and safer option for administering extraoral mandibular nerve block. In the future, the use of this technique could extend to pain control during major procedures such as cleft lip and palate, orthognathic, tumour removal, and facial injuries too.

PMID:39902441 | PMC:PMC11787135 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02418-8

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):258-266. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02243-z. Epub 2024 Jun 17.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess, compare and evaluate the better effectiveness of metronidazole compared to conventional therapy for dry socket through a meta-analysis.

METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used and registered in PROSPERO-CRD42023440597. Electronic databases were searched until April 2023 for studies evaluating the effectiveness of metronidazole compared to placebo and other conventional therapy and evaluating outcome in terms of reduction of incidence of dry socket, swelling and impact on healing. Quality assessment was evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias (ROB)-2 tool for randomized controlled trials (RCT) through its domains using RevMan software version 5.3. The risk ratio (RR) was used as summary statistic measure with random effect model (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in review and eleven studies for meta-analysis. Quality assessment revealed a moderate to low ROB. It was observed that pooled estimate favoured metronidazole in reducing dry socket incidence-RR – 0.57 (95% CI – 0.24-1.33), reduction in swelling with RR – 0.62 (95% CI 0.12-3.25) and a greater impact on healing with RR – 0.25 (95% CI 0.12-0.52) were seen. Metronidazole was found to be superior compared to the placebo or conventional therapy. Funnel plot did reveal the presence of heterogeneity indicating the presence of publication bias.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Since, dry socket is the most common complication following third molar surgery, it is important for a clinician to take adequate precautions and consider regimes that can aid in reducing this incidence.

PMID:39902439 | PMC:PMC11787120 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02243-z

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):286-292. doi: 10.1007/s12663-023-02107-y. Epub 2024 Jan 31.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The present study compared the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and local infiltration with 4% articaine combined with IANB using 2% lignocaine in mandibular third molar surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in-vivo study analysed 90 patients undergoing third molar surgery, divided into three groups. The appropriate groups received 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Various parameters, including anaesthesia duration, onset, surgery duration, postoperative analgesia duration, and intra-operative pain, were assessed using the Heft-Parker VAS. The collected data was evaluated for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: In this study, articaine demonstrated a shorter onset of action and longer analgesia duration when compared to lidocaine. Articaine infiltration provided an average analgesia duration of 32.37 + 8.9 min during surgery, surpassing articaine IANB and lignocaine IANB. Although the duration of anaesthesia and postoperative anaesthesia showed no significant differences, articaine infiltration had a slightly longer duration of action. Intra-operative pain assessment revealed that 50% of individuals in the articaine IANB group reported no pain.

CONCLUSION: Articaine infiltrations are highly effective for anaesthesia in mandibular third molar extraction, surpassing other local anaesthetics. It is a superior alternative to regional nerve blocks in minor oral surgeries.

PMID:39902435 | PMC:PMC11787055 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-023-02107-y

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2025 Feb 3:e31579. doi: 10.1002/pbc.31579. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children treated for pediatric cancer are at risk for cognitive late effects, as well as impairments in sleep and physical activity. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of clinical screening of child- and caregiver-reported cognitive functioning, sleep, and physical activity and the relationship between cognitive functioning and health behaviors within a pediatric oncology long-term follow-up clinic.

PROCEDURE: The study included a retrospective chart review of 99 caregivers and 80 children (8-17 years old) who completed the Conners Short Form (parent only) and PROMIS cognitive functioning, sleep-related impairment, sleep disturbance, and physical activity scales at the child’s annual long-term follow-up visit. Test statistics and T-tests were used to assess psychometrics of the PROMIS scales. Bivariate correlations were used to examine the relationship between cognitive function and health behaviors.

RESULTS: The child- and parent-report, short-version PROMIS cognitive functioning, sleep, and physical activity scales demonstrated high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. High convergent validity was observed between PROMIS cognitive functioning and Conners Short Form. Caregiver- and child-reported cognitive functioning and health behaviors were significantly related (p ≤ 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS short-version scales are reliable and valid measures for screening cognitive function and health behaviors in pediatric oncology long-term follow-up care. Further research examining the predictive validity and longitudinal utility of the PROMIS scales in survivors is warranted. There was a positive association between cognitive functioning and health behaviors in survivors, warranting further investigation to inform potential targets of intervention in long-term follow-up care.

PMID:39901311 | DOI:10.1002/pbc.31579

Acad Emerg Med. 2025 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/acem.15112. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:39901308 | DOI:10.1111/acem.15112

Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Feb 4;16(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04174-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of promising outcomes from standard 2D culture systems, these data are not completely akin to in vivo tumor parenchyma. Therefore, the development and fabrication of various 3D culture systems can in part mimic intricate cell-to-cell interaction within the real tumor mass. Here, we aimed to evaluate the tumoricidal impacts of metformin (MTF) on colorectal cancer (CRC) tumoroids in an in vitro system via the modulation of autophagy.

METHODS: CRC tumoroids were developed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adenocarcinoma HT29 cells, and fibroblasts (HFFF2) in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 and 2.5% methylcellulose. Tumoroids were exposed to different concentrations of MTF, ranging from 20 to 1000 mM, for 72 h. The survival rate was detected using an LDH release assay. The expression and protein levels of autophagy-related factors were measured using PCR array and western blotting, respectively. Using H & E, and immunofluorescence staining (Ki-67), the integrity and proliferation rate of CRC tumoroids were examined.

RESULTS: The current protocol yielded typical compact tumoroids with a dark central region. Despite slight changes in released LDH contents, no statistically significant differences were achieved in terms of cell toxicity in MTF-exposed groups compared to the control tumoroids, indicating the insufficiency of MTF in the induction of tumor cell death (p > 0.05). Western blotting indicated that the LC3II/I ratio was reduced in tumoroids exposed to 120 mM MTF (p < 0.05). These data coincided with the reduction of intracellular p62 content in MTF 120 mM-treated tumoroids compared to MTF 40 mM and control groups (p < 0.05). PCR array analysis confirmed the up-regulation, and down-regulation of several genes related to various signaling transduction pathways associated with autophagy machinery and shared effectors between autophagy and apoptosis in 40 and 120 mM MTF groups compared to the non-treated control group (p < 0.05). These changes were more prominent in tumoroids incubated with 120 mM MTF. Histological examination confirmed the loosening integrity of tumoroids in MTF-treated groups, especially 120 mM MTF, with the increase in cell death via the induction of apoptosis (chromatin marginalization) and necrotic (pyknotic nuclei) changes. In the 120 mM MTF group, spindle-shaped cells with the remnants of a fibrillar matrix were detected. Data indicated the reduction of proliferating Ki-67⁺ cells within the tumoroids by increasing the MTF concentration from 40 to 120 mM.

CONCLUSIONS: Different shared autophagy/apoptosis genes were modulated in CRC tumoroids after MTF treatment coinciding with both typical necrotic and apoptotic cells within the tumoroid structure. MTF can inhibit the integrity and proliferation of CRC tumoroids in dose-dependent manner.

PMID:39901295 | DOI:10.1186/s13287-025-04174-z

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Feb 3;51(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01873-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have reported that infectious pneumonia can induce the production of plastic casts, which threatens children’s health. We explored the characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in clinical practice by analysing clinical medical records.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. Children with pneumonia and large chest shadows were included in this study. The differences in characteristics between patients with plastic bronchitis and those without plastic bronchitis were analysed. The distribution of pathogens was statistically analysed. Grouping analysis based on PB and pathogen conditions was also conducted.

RESULTS: A total of 185 patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: the PB group (n = 48) and the non-PB group (n = 137). The duration of illness before hospitalization in the PB group was mostly longer than that in the non-PB group. The frequency distribution of the inspiratory three concave signs in the PB group was significantly greater than that in the non-PB group. Compared with those in the non-PB group, the number of patients with abnormally elevated of D-D dimer, LDH, ALT, and AST in the PB group was significantly greater. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the main pathogen observed in both the PB and non-PB groups. In cases of MP infection without plastic bronchitis, treatment with macrolide antibiotics occurred significantly earlier. Most cases of pleural effusion in the PB-MP group were discovered more than 7 days after onset. However, in the PB-nonMP group, most cases of pleural effusion were detected within 7 days of onset. There was a difference observed in the distribution of pulmonary necrosis between the PB group and the non-PB group.

CONCLUSIONS: MP is a common pathogen observed in PB cases caused by single-pathogen infections and multiple-pathogen infections. PB may be a potential cause of pulmonary necrosis. Furthermore, PB exhibits diverse clinical manifestations due to host and pathogen factors.

PMID:39901284 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01873-4

Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Feb 4;51(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored as a therapeutic intervention to counteract this immunosuppression. Despite its potential, the efficacy of GM-CSF in pediatric septic shock has not been clearly established. This study aims to investigate the impact of GM-CSF administration on survival rates and to identify key predictors of treatment outcomes in pediatric septic shock patients.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. The study included pediatric patients diagnosed with septic shock, analyzing their demographic data, GM-CSF and adjunctive therapies, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes. We employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the influence of GM-CSF on 28-day mortality and identify significant predictors of treatment outcomes.

RESULTS: The study included 200 pediatric patients, with 66 receiving GM-CSF treatment and 134 not treated with GM-CSF. The initial comparison showed a higher 28-day mortality in the GM-CSF group (59.1%) compared to the non-GM-CSF group (35.1%, P = 0.001). Notably, after adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate analysis revealed that the effect of GM-CSF treatment on 28-day mortality among pediatric septic shock patients did not reach statistical significance, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.472 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.153 to 1.457 (P = 0.192). However, the analysis indicated a potential trend suggesting that GM-CSF treatment may contribute to a reduction in 28-day mortality. In addition, significant predictors of treatment outcomes included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), lactic acid (LAC) levels, hospital-acquired septic shock (HASS), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet (PLT) count.

CONCLUSIONS: GM-CSF treatment may benefit pediatric septic shock patients, especially those with higher lactic acid, and lower RBC and platelet counts. These factors, which are significant predictors of outcomes, should be monitored during therapy.

PMID:39901277 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Feb 3;17(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01610-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To date, there is a lack of information on the use of flash glucose monitoring system (fCGM) in low-middle income countries, such as Brazil, as well as on digital health platforms most used to calculate the bolus insulin dose. In this study, we aimed to describe the population characteristics, prescription patterns and glycemic control of fCGM users compared to blood glucose monitoring (BGM) system in those who use Glic™, a digital health platform in Brazil, and to assess factors associated with better glycemic control in this population.

METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional retrospective study using anonymized aggregated data manually inputted by Glic™ users who self-reported a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes (GDM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

RESULTS: Of the 12,727 individuals included in this study, 11,007 (86.5%) reported their glucose monitoring method to be BGM, while 1720 (13.5%) reported using fCGM. Most individuals (70.5%) had T1DM. Compared to BGM, fCGM users were significantly younger, had a higher proportion of males, resided more frequently in the Southeast region of Brazil, had a lower BMI, a longer time since diagnosis, and used Glic™ platform more frequently. fCGM users were prescribed significantly more ultra-long and ultra-rapid acting insulins as their basal and bolus insulin, respectively, and less oral anti-diabetics drugs compared to BGM users. Considering only the T1DM and LADA individuals and their manual glucose inputs, fCGM users had non-significant lower glucose levels than BGM. Use of Glic™ platform and a higher percentage of basal insulin dose were associated with a better glycemic control.

CONCLUSION: This is the first and largest real-world evidence study that describe and compare fCGM and BGM in users of a digital health patient support platform in Brazil. fCGM users were significantly different from those who perform BGM, in terms of population characteristics and treatment patterns. Glycemic control was better in fCGM users, although not statistically significant due to a restricted sample size. Importantly, a higher frequency of Glic™ use was associated with a higher glucose time in range.

PMID:39901274 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01610-1