Tag: pubmed

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Dec 24. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0314. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency has been demonstrated in type 1 diabetes (T1D); lower concentrations of pancreatic enzymes have been associated with metabolic risk (MR). Influence of puberty and MR factors on serum concentrations of amylase and lipase remain unexplored in Indian youth with T1D. 1) To characterize and predict determinants of serum amylase and lipase concentrations in adolescents/youth with T1D. 2) To assess relationship between amylase, lipase, and prevalence of MR.

METHODS: Cross sectional, observational study on 291 (155 girls) adolescents/youth (10-24 years) with T1D. History, examination, body composition, biochemistry (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], lipids).

RESULTS: Mean age, diabetes duration and HbA1c were 15.3, 7.0 years and 10.0 ± 2.1, respectively. Relative risk of lower amylase/higher lipase concentrations (<median) in participants with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>9.5 %) was 1.42 and 1.34, respectively, though these did not reach statistical significance. In pubertal participants, amylase was lower and lipase higher; association was not found with MR. Higher TSH and lower serum calcium were significantly associated with higher lipase (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: We have characterized amylase and lipase concentrations across puberty; poor glycemic control tended to be associated with lower amylase and higher lipase, though these findings did not reach statistical significance. Amylase and lipase concentrations should be monitored in Indian adolescents with T1D, particularly in those with poor metabolic control, puberty, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, or reduced calcium intake, while further longitudinal and larger studies are needed to generalize these findings.

PMID:39710861 | DOI:10.1515/jpem-2024-0314

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Dec 22. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04495-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have proved trace mineral disorders to be related to changes in oxidative stress, inflammatory state, and immune response in asthmatics. However, there is a scarcity of studies that examine the correlation between copper intake with mortality in asthmatic people. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of copper intake on the asthmatic population’s mortality. This investigation included 3175 individuals from the NHANES. Multiple statistical models were used in this investigation to discuss the correlation between copper intake and the asthmatic population’s mortality. These models included Cox proportional hazards models, trend tests, restricted cubic splines (RCS), threshold effect model, and CoxBoost model. Three Cox hazard models showed an inverse relationship between copper intake and the risk of death in asthmatics. Statistical tests, such as trend tests, RCS models, and threshold effect models, proved an inverse and linear link between dietary copper and the risk of death. Through Kaplan-Meier analysis, asthmatic adults who had higher copper intake had a higher survival rate compared to asthmatics with lower copper intake. The CoxBoost model indicated that the intake of copper, selenium, and zinc had a protective effect on mortality, whereas iron was associated with an increased risk of death. The research proved an inverse and linear correlation between dietary copper intake and the risk of death among asthmatic people. Improving copper intake may have a positive impact on the long-term survival of individuals with asthma.

PMID:39710816 | DOI:10.1007/s12011-024-04495-9

Exp Brain Res. 2024 Dec 23;243(1):32. doi: 10.1007/s00221-024-06983-9.

ABSTRACT

We examined the impact of auditory stimuli and their methods on a dynamic balance task performance. Twenty-four young adults wore an HTC Vive headset and dodged a virtual ball to the right or left based on its color (blue to the left, red to the right, and vice versa). We manipulated the environment by introducing congruent (auditory stimuli from the correct direction) or incongruent (auditory stimuli played randomly from either side) and comparing a multimodal (visual and congruent auditory stimuli) to unimodal (visual or auditory stimuli) presentation. We tested four apparatuses: loudspeakers, headphones, passthrough, (wearing headphones while auditory stimuli come from loudspeakers) and room simulation (externalization via headphones). We quantified reaction time (RT) and accuracy (choosing the correct direction to dodge) from the head movement. We hypothesized that the weight of the headset will slow RT, and that externalization of the auditory stimuli will make it more usable when no visual cues are provided. Interestingly, both hypotheses were refuted. In silent conditions, RT was faster with headphones compared to loudspeakers, but this difference disappeared when auditory stimuli were introduced. Participants used congruent auditory stimuli to improve accuracy but disregarded incongruent auditory stimuli across all apparatuses except for room simulation. In conclusion, this study confirmed that healthy young adults can use congruent auditory stimuli to enhance accuracy and disregard incongruent auditory stimuli such that accuracy is not harmed. RT was either faster or the same with headphones compared to loudspeakers. Notably, this specific room simulation did not enhance performance.

PMID:39710768 | DOI:10.1007/s00221-024-06983-9

Arch Public Health. 2024 Dec 23;82(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s13690-024-01470-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: At present, China’s elderly population is facing several difficulties. The implementation of active aging is an important initiative in the face of the rapidly developing situation of population aging, among which improving elderly expectations regarding the aging level is the key link to achieving active aging. Improving the quality of life of the majority of elderly individuals is the main goal of active aging. Moreover, increasing the level of expectations regarding the aging of the elderly depends to a large extent on psychological resilience. However, most of the current research related to expectations regarding aging focuses on urban elderly individuals and pays less attention to the expectations regarding the aging level of rural elderly individuals. It is not yet known how quality of life, psychological resilience, and expectations regarding aging are related among rural elderly individuals. This study focused on the state of expectations regarding aging, psychological resilience, and quality of life among senior citizens living in rural areas, as well as the relationships among these three factors. The goal is to provide a theoretical basis for further targeted interventions and promote active aging in China.

METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted via convenience sampling of 320 elderly individuals living in four rural areas of Panzhihua, China, from January to May 2024. Questionnaires were used to collect data on the participants’ demographic information, the aging expectancy scale (ERA-21), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and a 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). The data were analysed via SPSS version 26.0 software for descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In addition, AMOS version 24.0 software was employed for path analysis.

RESULTS: The results revealed that Chinese rural elderly individuals have low expectations regarding aging, moderate levels of psychological resilience, and moderate levels of quality of life. There were positive relationships between expectations regarding aging and quality of life (r = 0.631, p < 0.01), positive relationships between expectations regarding aging and psychological resilience (r = 0.261, p < 0.01), and psychological resilience in terms of quality of life (r = 0.334, p < 0.01). Expectations regarding aging play a partial mediating role between psychological resilience and quality of life (β = 0.273, 95% CI, 0.185 ~ 0.381), with an indirect effect accounting for 45.81% of the total effect.

CONCLUSIONS: Expectations regarding aging play a partial mediating role in the relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life. These findings suggest that grassroots health workers should take an active role in providing health education and psychological counselling, as well as actively working to improve the psychological resilience and health of elderly individuals. They should also be encouraged to actively approach aging and to raise expectations regarding aging. Finally, they should help elderly people maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve their quality of life.

PMID:39710728 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-024-01470-7

Psychol Res. 2024 Dec 23;89(1):38. doi: 10.1007/s00426-024-02067-z.

ABSTRACT

Previous research highlights impairments in the recognition of facial expression of emotion in individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Relatives of people with ASD may exhibit similar, albeit subtler, impairments, referred to as the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP). Recently, the Differential outcomes procedure (DOP) has been shown to enhance this ability in young adults using dynamic stimuli, with fewer intensity levels required to identify fear and surprise. The present study aimed to extend these findings to adults diagnosed with ASD (ASD group), and relatives of people diagnosed with ASD (BAP group). A Bayesian Generalized Linear Model was employed for statistical inference. The results indicated that the ASD DOP group performed worse than the BAP DOP group in fear trials. The social dimension of autism negatively impacted performance in some conditions, while positive relationships were found between the repetitive behavior dimension and performance for the ASD group. The opposite pattern was observed in the BAP group. These results suggest the importance of considering different dimensions of autism when conducting research on its relationship with other variables. Finally, participants in both ASD and BAP groups required less intensity to identify certain emotions when the DOP was applied, highlighting its potential utility for improving dynamic facial emotion recognition.

PMID:39710715 | DOI:10.1007/s00426-024-02067-z

BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Dec 23;24(1):938. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06409-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In observational studies, frailty has been strongly associated with mental disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between frailty and mental disorders remain unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causal relationship between frailty, as measured by the frailty index (FI), and ten common mental disorders. The datasets involved European ancestry individuals and included measurements of the FI (N = 175,226), schizophrenia (SCZ; N = 320,404), major depressive disorder (MDD; N = 143,265), bipolar disorder (N = 337,199), insomnia (N = 462,341), obsessive-compulsive disorder (N = 33,925), anxiety disorders (N = 463,010), autism spectrum disorder (N = 46,351), anorexia nervosa (N = 14,477), opioid-related mental and behavioral disorders (N = 215,650), and mental and behavioral disorders due to use of other stimulants including caffeine (N = 215,570).

RESULTS: Two-sample MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighting followed by various sensitivity and validation analyses. Genetically predicted SCZ (odds ratio [OR] = 1.019, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.005-1.033) and MDD (OR = 1.211, 95% CI 1.092-1.343) had significant causal effects on FI. In the reverse MR analysis, we discovered that MDD was significantly and causally affected by FI (OR = 1.290, 95% CI 1.133-1.469). No causal links were identified between the FI and the other eight common mental disorders. In the Multivariable MR, the estimated MDD effect on FI is comparable to the univariate IVW estimate (OR = 1.298; 95% CI, 1.175 to 1.435), while the estimated SCZ effect on FI fails to be significant compared to the univariate estimate. The results of the sensitivity and validation analyses confirmed stabilization.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study found evidence of a causal relationship between SCZ, MDD, and frailty and explored the underlying mechanisms.

PMID:39710650 | DOI:10.1186/s12888-024-06409-4

BMC Surg. 2024 Dec 23;24(1):411. doi: 10.1186/s12893-024-02692-w.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the risk factors for postoperative complications following Femoral Neck System (FNS) fixation in young patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs).

METHODS: We retrospective analyzed 133 patients with FNFs who underwent FNS fixation between May 2021 and October 2023. Potential risk factors that may affect the results included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Pauwels classification, Garden classification, fracture anatomical classification, reduction method, reduction quality, coronal plane position of the FNS bolt. Postoperative complication data, including femoral head necrosis, nonunion, shortening of the femoral neck, fracture displacement, and screw cut-out, were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze different influencing factors.

RESULTS: A total of 133 FNFs patients were divided into a healing group (108 patients) and a failure group (25 patients). 25 patients (18.79%) had postoperative complications, including 8 cases of femoral head necrosis, 3 cases of nonunion, 3 cases of significant shortening of the femoral neck, and 7 cases of fracture displacement, 4 cases of screw cut-out; the remaining patients’ fractures all healed. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in age (P = 0.746), gender (P = 0.992), BMI (P = 0.361), Pauwels classification (P = 0.231), fracture anatomical classification (P = 0.459), reduction method (P = 0.383). Garden classification significantly influenced postoperative complications, with the proportion of Garden type IV being significantly higher in the failure group than in the healing group (64% vs. 39.8%, P = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coronal position of the FNS bolt and reduction quality were risk factors for postoperative complications. Subgroup analysis using logistic regression showed a positive correlation between coronal plane position of the FNS bolt and reduction quality with the occurrence of postoperative complications, with FNS positioned in the upper 1/3 and negative support being significant risk factors (P < 0.01; P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: FNS is an effective method for treating FNFs in young adults, but there is still a certain risk of failure. The Garden classification is an important evaluation indicator for postoperative complications, with a higher failure rate observed in type IV fractures. Coronal plane position of the FNS bolt and reduction quality are significant risk factors for failure after FNS surgery for FNFs.

PMID:39710644 | DOI:10.1186/s12893-024-02692-w

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Dec 6;58(12):1885-1893. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240708-00545.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics and analyze the clinical significance of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen components in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma in Shenzhen. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The clinical data of children with allergic rhinitis and asthma induced by dust mites admitted to the allergy clinic of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from 2021 to 2024 were collected and the serum sIgE levels of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae (Der p, Der f) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components (Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10, Der p 23) were detected by magnetic bead chemiluminescence method. The correlation between dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen components and clinical data of children was analyzed. According to the diagnosis, the children were divided into allergic rhinitis (AR) group and AR with asthma (ARAS) group. According to the age, the children were divided into preschool age (5 years ≤age<7 years), school age (7 years ≤age<10 years) and adolescence (10 years ≤age≤15 years). The expression differences of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components among AR group and ARAS group and different age groups were compared. Results: A total of 314 children with allergic rhinitis and asthma caused by dust mites were included in the study, of whom 112 were male and 202 were female. There were 188 cases of AR and 126 cases of ARAS, aged 5-15 years, with a median age of 7.54 years and an average age of (8.02±2.24) years. BMI was 13.89-31.76 kg/m²,the median BMI was 15.87 kg/m² and average BMI was (16.55±3.05) kg/m². There was not statistically significant difference in gender, age, BMI, blood eosinophils, blood basophils, FeNO, FVC and FEV1 between the AR group and the ARAS group (P>0.05). There was significant difference in FEV1/FVC and small airway function indexes MMEF, MEF75%, MEF50% and MEF25% between the AR group and the ARAS group (P<0.05). In the 314 children, the dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen components sensitization rates were in the order of Der p 1 (97.1%), Der p 2 (89.8%), Der p 23 (55.1%), Der p 10 (8.6%), and the difference in the positive rate was statistically significant (χ²=658.31, P<0.001). There was not significant difference in Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 10 among children of different ages (P>0.05). There was significant difference in Der p 23 among children of different ages (χ²=7.29, P=0.03). A correlation analysis showed that Der p, Der f, Der p 1 and Der p 2 had a high positive correlation (P<0.001). Eosinophils are positively correlated with Der p, Der f, Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and Der p 23 (P<0.001). FeNO is positively correlated with Der p, Der f, and Der p 23 (P<0.05). Small airway function indicators MMEF, MEF50% and MEF25% are negatively correlated with Der p, Der f and Der p 1 (P<0.05). The sIgE levels of Der p, Der f, Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 10 in the AR group were significantly lower than those in the ARAS group (P<0.05). In the ARAS group, 120 cases (95.24%) showed positive results for at least 2 dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components, while 71 cases (56.35%) showed positive results for at least 3 dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components. In the AR group, 171 cases (90.96%) showed positive results for at least 2 dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components, while 94 cases (50.00%) showed positive results for at least 3 dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components. Conclusion: Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 may be the main dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen components that induce allergic rhinitis and asthma in Shenzhen City. The elevation of sIgE levels in the dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components can aggravate the severity of lower airway eosinophilic inflammation and airway obstruction. Attention should be paid to the detection of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components in children with poor response to dust mite-allergen specific immunotherapy.

PMID:39710466 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240708-00545

J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024 Dec 4:S0278-2391(24)00977-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.12.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a genetic disorder, marked by bone lesions, often affecting the craniofacial skeleton. Pain is a prevalent yet heterogeneous symptom reported by patients with craniofacial FD. Effective treatments are currently lacking, posing a significant clinical challenge to patient care.

PURPOSE: This preliminary study examined pain profiles in craniofacial FD and aimed to identify subtypes of patients based on pain phenotypes and emotional health.

STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 15 patients with FD/MAS, conducted at Boston Children’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Brigham’s Hospitals.

PREDICTOR/EXPOSURE/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Headache frequency, craniofacial pain severity, neuropathic pain quality, pain interference, allodynia, photophobia, depression, and anxiety were assessed using clinical questionnaires.

MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The primary outcome variable was the symptom profile derived from standardized clinical questionnaires and analyzed using principal component analysis and K-means clustering.

COVARIATES: Covariates included demographic data, diagnosis, and lesion location(s).

ANALYSES: Principal component analysis and K-means clustering of patient-reported measures of pain and emotional health were performed. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine significant differences among patient subtypes. Statistical significance was set at (P < .05).

RESULTS: The study included 15 subjects with FD/MAS, with a mean age of 36.2 (13.9) years, including 1 male. Clustering analysis identified 3 subtypes of patients with distinct symptom profiles. Cluster 1 (n = 2) averaged 70 (28.3) headache days in a 90-day period, pain level of 7.5 (0.7) on a 0-10 scale, and severe anxiety, depression, allodynia, photophobia, and pain interference. Cluster 2 (n = 7) patients reported an average of 5.4 (7.5) headache days, an average pain level of 2.7 (2.6), mild or no anxiety, depression, allodynia, photophobia, and pain interference. Cluster 3 (n = 6) patients displayed a mixed symptom profile with an average of 47.3 (36.4) headache days and a pain level of 5.25 (1.4). Notably, patients with temporal and skull base lesions were predominantly found in Clusters 1 and 3, which exhibited the most severe symptomatology.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study establishes a basis for future longitudinal research aimed at understanding underlying pain mechanisms and evaluating the response to personalized pain management strategies in subtypes of patients with craniofacial FD.

PMID:39710366 | DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2024.12.001

J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024 Dec 9:S0278-2391(24)00979-0. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.11.016. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often exhibit unique anatomical variations in the pterygoid plates, which can influence fracture patterns at the pterygomaxillary junction (PMJ) during Le Fort I osteotomy. These differences may increase the risk of unfavorable fractures, complicating surgery and recovery.

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to measure the association between the osteotomy level with the PMJ fracture patterns in CLP patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy.

STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This retrospective cohort study included 100 patients with CLP, representing 200 tomographic views of the right and left pterygomaxillary regions. Preoperative tomographic scans were analyzed to measure morphometric features of the pterygomaxillary suture in the axial and sagittal planes.

PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The primary predictor was osteotomy level: at the level or above of the PMJ.

MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The main outcome was the pterygomaxillary fracture pattern, categorized as favorable or unfavorable.

COVARIATES: The covariates included age, sex, side of the mandible, pterygomaxillary suture thickness, pterygomaxillary suture width, distance between the greater palatine canal and the pterygoid suture, length of the medial plate, length of the lateral plate, insertion of the pterygomaxillary suture in the posterior part of the maxilla, and the length and height of the tuber.

ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses included t-tests for mean differences (P < .05) and χ² tests for associations. Relative risk was calculated for osteotomy levels to assess the significance of associations with fracture patterns.

RESULTS: The study comprised 100 participants (47 men, 53 women), with a mean age of 23 years (SD = 2.31). In total, 110 (55%) fractures were classified as favorable. The frequency of unfavorable fractures was significantly higher when the osteotomy was performed above the PMJ (P < .005). The relative risk for unfavorable fractures was 23.06 on the right side (95% confidence interval = [5.94, 89.53], P < .001) and 65.00 on the left side (95% confidence interval = [9.30, 454.52], P < .001).

CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that in cleft surgery the osteotomy should be performed at the level of the PMJ to reduce the risk of inadvertent pterygomaxillary fractures.

PMID:39710365 | DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2024.11.016