Tag: pubmed

J Nutr Sci. 2024 Dec 16;13:e94. doi: 10.1017/jns.2024.84. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Renal sinus fat (RSF) crucially influences metabolic regulation, inflammation, and vascular function. We investigated the association between RSF accumulation, metabolic disorders, and nutritional status in obese individuals with hypertension. A cross-sectional study involved 51 obese hypertensive patients from Salamat Specialized Community Clinic (February-September 2022). Basic and clinical information were collected through interviews. Data included anthropometrics, blood pressure, number of antihypertensive medications, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), dietary intake (semi-quantitative 147-item food frequency questionnaire), and blood samples. Renal sinus fat was measured via ultrasonography. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, binary logistic regression, and linear regression. RSF positively correlated with abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area (P = 0.016), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.004), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.005). A strong trend toward a positive association was observed between antihypertensive medications and RSF (P = 0.062). In linear regression, RSF was independently associated with abdominal VAT area, SBP, and DBP after adjusting for confounders. After considering other risk factors, RSF volume relates to prescribed antihypertensive medications, hypertension, and central fat accumulation in obese hypertensive subjects. These findings suggest the need for further investigations into whether RSF promotes metabolic disorders.

PMID:39703900 | PMC:PMC11658955 | DOI:10.1017/jns.2024.84

J Nutr Sci. 2024 Dec 17;13:e95. doi: 10.1017/jns.2024.86. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Although dietary factors have been examined as potential risk factors for liver cancer, the evidence is still inconclusive. Using a diet-wide association analysis, our research evaluated the associations of 126 foods and nutrients on the risk of liver cancer in a Chinese population. We obtained the diet consumption of 72,680 women in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study using baseline dietary questionnaires. The association between each food and nutrient and liver cancer risk was quantified by Cox regression model. A false discovery rate of 0.05 was used to determine the foods and nutrients which need to be verified. Totally 256 incident liver cancer cases were identified in 1,267,391 person-years during the follow-up duration. At the statistical significance level (P ≤ 0.05), higher intakes of cooked wheaten foods, pear, grape and copper were inversely associated with liver cancer risk, while spinach, leafy vegetables, eggplant and carrots showed the positive associations. After considering multiple comparisons, no dietary variable was associated with liver cancer risk. Similar findings were seen in the stratification, secondary and sensitivity analyses. Our findings observed no significant association between dietary factors and liver cancer risk after considering multiple comparisons in Chinese women. More evidence is needed to explore the associations between diet and female liver cancer occurrence.

PMID:39703897 | PMC:PMC11658938 | DOI:10.1017/jns.2024.86

Injury. 2024 Dec 11:112084. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112084. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We compare the treatment and outcomes of penetrating and blunt splenic trauma at Major Trauma Centres (MTC) within the UK.

METHODS: Data obtained from the national Trauma Audit Research Network database identified all eligible splenic injuries admitted to MTC within England between 01/01/17-31/12/21. Demographics, mechanism of injury, splenic injury classification, associated injuries, treatment, and outcomes were compared.

RESULTS: Penetrating injuries accounted for 5.9 % (235/3958) of splenic injuries, compared to blunt at 94.1 % (3723/3958). Most penetrating injuries (91.5 %, 215/235) resulted from stabbing. There was a statistically significant difference in first treatment between penetrating and blunt splenic injuries (p < 0.001), but similar trends between GSW and stab injuries. Most penetrating injuries were managed conservatively (68.9 %,162/235), with 10.6 % (25/235) embolized compared to 13.2 % (491/3723) for blunt splenic injury. More penetrating injuries (20.4 %, 48/235) underwent splenectomy compared to blunt injuries (8.8 %, 326/3723). Those receiving embolization after penetrating trauma had an 8.0 % (2/25) 30-day mortality compared with blunt at 8.6 % (42/491) and compared with 2.1 % (1/48) and 12.3 % (40/326) of those who received splenectomy in the penetrating and blunt groups, respectively. 8 out of the 25 penetrating trauma patients who underwent embolisation (32.0 %) required splenectomy due to embolisation failure compared to 5.3 % (26/491) in the blunt trauma group.

CONCLUSION: A trend is seen towards the use of operative management in penetrating splenic trauma. There is a high splenic embolisation failure rate (32.0 %) in penetrating trauma although mortality for those embolised was similar to the blunt injury group.

PMID:39701904 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2024.112084

J Pediatr Urol. 2024 Dec 3:S1477-5131(24)00617-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.11.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are at the top of the pyramid of evidence as they offer the best answer on the efficacy of a new treatment. RCTs are true experiments in which participants are randomly allocated to receive a certain intervention (experimental group) or a different intervention (comparison group), or no treatment at all (control or placebo group). Randomization, along with other methodological features such as blinding and allocation concealment, safeguard against biases. This review will focus on parallel group RCT design as it is the most common design in the field of Pediatric Urology. RCTs can be designed using a superiority, equivalency, or non-inferiority hypothesis, and are usually preceded by a pilot, where the trial protocol is implemented in a small number of patients, mimicking the larger, definitive study. Even though regarded as the best available option to bring out scientific data, RCTs might be prone to mislead. If RCTs are small and underpowered, a difference of even one single event between groups, may completely change the trial results. To safeguard against RCTs weakness, a fragility concept of statistical significance was developed and called the Fragility Index (FI). RCTs may not be appropriate, ethical, or feasible for all surgical interventions. They may have limitations such as prohibitive cost and unrealistic large sample sizes. Nearly 60 % of surgical research questions cannot be answered by RCTs. Therefore, clinical practice should be based on the best available evidence on a given topic, regardless of the study design. However, even in these situations, conclusions drawn from observational studies must be interpreted with caution.

PMID:39701869 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.11.021

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Dec 18:117507. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117507. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The presence of microplastics (MPs), trace metals (TM) and metalloids (Ms) in surface seawater is a severe emerging issue of global concern. Information about the distribution of these pollutants is often lacking, and large-scale studies come with uncertainties because of difficult comparisons of results obtained using different methods to collect and process data. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of microplastics (MPs), trace metals (TM) and metalloids (Ms) in surface seawater during two transatlantic sampling campaigns, covering approximately 17,000 nautical miles. The results reveal the presence of MPs in all the samples analyzed and a broad variation in microplastic concentration (230-3320 MPs/L), with filaments or fibers being the most abundant shape. Coastal waters generally exhibit higher MPs, TM and Ms concentrations than open sea waters. The results showed high concentrations of MPs, particularly in the waters near the Faroe Islands, in the Sea of Magdalena department and in the Strait of Gibraltar. The order of the overall metals and metalloids concentrations was: As>Cr>Pb>Cd. High concentrations of Pb and Cr were recorded in the Mediterranean waters whereas high Arsenic (As) were found in the Southern coasts of United States, with values that exceeded the limits considered hazardous for aquatic life (81.55-101.12 µg/L). No significant correlations were found between microplastics, and the heavy metals examined. Here, we emphasize the need for sustainable environmental management actions and policies in a global context to monitoring the growing problem of pollutants in our oceans.

PMID:39701864 | DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117507

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2024 Oct 12:S2212-4403(24)00512-1. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.09.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Limited research exists regarding malpractice in dentistry. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) include intra- and extra-articular conditions that are managed by general dentists, orofacial pain specialists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. In this study, we investigate the rate of malpractice court trials involving treatment of TMD by these specialists.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of malpractice court cases related to TMD between 1960 and 2022 was conducted via search of the Westlaw database. Cases were excluded when: (1) the defendant was not a dental specialist, (2) the claim was unrelated to TMD, and (3) the case did not proceed to court trial. Descriptive statistics were performed.

RESULTS: Fifty-seven cases met the inclusion criteria. Most cases (81%, n = 46) ruled in favor of the defendant (health care provider) and 18% (n = 10) ruled in favor of the plaintiff (patient). The most common reason for a ruling in favor of the defendant was expiration of the statute of limitations (n = 19).

CONCLUSIONS: Most court cases with claims of malpractice after treatment of TMD ruled in favor of the defendant. Most frequently, actions by the defendant were viewed as: within the limits of the standard of care or lacked sufficient evidence to justify litigation against the provider. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol YEAR;VOL:page range).

PMID:39701861 | DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2024.09.012

J Prosthet Dent. 2024 Dec 18:S0022-3913(24)00790-X. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.12.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Duplicating complete dentures and achieving accurately fitting prostheses poses a challenge. Conventional methods are often time-consuming and susceptible to human error. Advancements in digital technology for denture fabrication offer a promising alternative to conventional duplication techniques, but studies comparing the methods are lacking.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the trueness of duplicated complete dentures using 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology with that of dentures duplicated using the conventional method.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A typodont was used to construct a maxillary complete denture using the conventional method. The denture was scanned using a desktop scanner, and the standard tessellation language (STL) file was considered the reference file. Each denture was duplicated using 3 techniques (10 in each group). In the first group, the denture was duplicated using the conventional technique; in the second group, the denture was printed as a single unit (monolithic) from a tooth-colored resin, and the denture flange was then veneered with pink resin; in the third group, the denture base was printed separately from the pink resin, and the teeth were printed as a single unit using tooth-colored resin. The denture base and the teeth were co-related using a positioning device. The duplicate dentures in the 3 groups were scanned, and the STL files were imported into a surface-matching software program to evaluate their trueness. Statistical analysis was done using 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05).

RESULTS: A significant difference (P<.001) was found in the trueness of the 3 duplication techniques, with the highest overall deviation recorded in the conventional denture group (0.73 ±0.06 mm) and the least deviation recorded in the monolithic denture group (0.21 ±0.04 mm). Deviations in the canine, first molar, and maxillary tuberosities were the lowest in the monolithic denture group (0.13 ±0.01 mm), (0.11 ±0.03 mm), (0.27 ±0.05 mm), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Using 3D printing technology for complete denture duplication has a promising outcome with the highest trueness reported with the monolithic denture. Comparative clinical studies are needed.

PMID:39701842 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.12.004

J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2024 Dec 18:S1010-5182(24)00342-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.12.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Lip defects due to lip tumor surgery need proper reconstruction to preserve their function. Traditional methods offer various options for lip repair, but each has limitations, and can lead to deformity, asymmetry, or functional impairment. This study aimed to investigate the clinical application of mandibular tongue-shaped flap reconstruction for postoperative defects following lip tumor surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 29 patients with lip tumors treated between February 2018 and August 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical method: the tongue-shaped flap group (group T, n = 17) and the Abbe flap group (group A, n = 12). Preoperative indicators (preoperative pathology, tumor location), intraoperative and postoperative indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization duration, defect repair range), follow-up indicators (scar hyperplasia at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, flap color difference, lip function, patient satisfaction), and complications (postoperative bleeding, flap necrosis, microstomia, incomplete closure, salivation) were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Group T had a significantly shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, and shorter hospitalization duration compared with group A (all p < 0.05). The tongue-shaped flap was suitable for repairing defects ranging from half to the full length of the lip, while the Abbe flap was suitable for defects ranging from one-third to half the length of the lip. Group T demonstrated a wider repair range compared with group A. At 1 month postoperatively, group A showed a statistically significant difference in eating difficulty compared with group T (p < 0.05), while no statistically significant differences were found at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of scar hyperplasia, flap color difference, or overall patient satisfaction (p > 0.05). The incidence of microstomia was significantly lower in group T compared with group A (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the rates of postoperative bleeding, flap necrosis, incomplete lip closure, or salivation (p > 0.05). Mandibular tongue-shaped flap reconstruction is a novel method for repairing postoperative defects following lip tumor surgery. This technique simplifies the surgical procedure while achieving both functional and aesthetic preservation. It offers advantages such as a wider repair range, minimal trauma, shorter operation time, faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospitalization duration, and a lower incidence of microstomia. Patients demonstrate good tolerance, making it particularly suitable for elderly and high-risk patients. This method may become a new option for repairing defects following lip tumor excision.

PMID:39701837 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2024.12.010

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Dec;18(12):e70062. doi: 10.1111/irv.70062.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remain the leading infectious cause of death among children < 5 years, with viruses contributing to a large proportion of cases. Little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of viral ALRI in rural Bangladesh.

METHODS: We enrolled 3- to 23-month-old children with ALRIs attending a subdistrict hospital outpatient clinic in Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Trained study physicians ascertained the cases and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to detect 19 respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR using the Luminex Integrated System NxTAG Respiratory pathogen panel.

RESULTS: Between August 2016 and September 2017, we enrolled 1477 children. Median age was 10 months; 58.1% were male. Forty-seven percent presented during autumn (mid-June to mid-October). About a third had temperature ≥ 101°F, 95.4% had cough in the previous 3 days, 72.0% had fast breathing, and 80.0% had chest indrawing. Alveolar consolidation occurred in 23.9%, and 4.4% were hypoxemic (saturation < 90% on room air). Nineteen percent required hospitalization; 79.1% of them were discharged within 48 h. A respiratory virus was identified in 81.8%, majority (75.8%) with single virus isolation. Rhinoenterovirus was most commonly identified (HRV/HEV, 37.9%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 20.2%) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 11.7%). Rhinoenterovirus was detected year-round; RSV was detected during August-November and hMPV during December-March.

CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory viruses were identified in a majority (82%) of children under 2 years of age presenting with ALRI in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. These findings have implications for future study and potentially for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccine program planning, and policy.

PMID:39701824 | DOI:10.1111/irv.70062

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Nov;49(21):5686-5694. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240620.402.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to assess the methodological and reporting quality of animal experimental studies on the treatment of cervical radiculopathy(CR) with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), analyze the deficiencies during the experimental process, and develop the methods to enhance the quality of such studies. The related articles were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The methodological quality and reporting quality of the included studies were evaluated according to the risk of bias tool of the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation(SYRCLE) and the Animal Research: Reporting of in vivo Experiments(ARRIVE) 2.0 guidelines, respectively. A total of 4 086 articles were initially screened, in which 71 articles met the inclusion criteria. The SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool revealed selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, and attrition bias of the included studies. The aspects for improvement were identified in the randomization of animal grouping, experimental implementation and outcome assessment, blinding, reporting baseline characteristics, and handling incomplete data. The essential item assessment of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines showed high risks in sample size determination, inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomization, blinding, outcome assessment, statistical methods, experimental procedures, and results reporting. Additionally, there were high risks in items recommended by ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, including study background, ethical statements, animal care, interpretation/scientific implications, generalizability/translation, experimental protocol registration, data availability, and conflict of interest declaration. The existing animal experimental studies about the TCM treatment of CR exhibited methodological and reporting deficiencies. We recommend that researchers refer to the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines to rigorously design, implement, and report experiments in a standardized manner, thereby enhancing the scientific, authentic, and reproducible properties of the experiments.

PMID:39701779 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240620.402