Tag: pubmed

BMC Cancer. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1517. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14891-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: High sodium intake is a recognized risk factor for increased gastric cancer mortality. This study examines the trends and distribution of stomach cancer burden associated with high sodium intake from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on its relationship with age, period, and birth cohort.

METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study, we applied an age-period-cohort model to conduct statistical analysis. We calculated age, period, and cohort effects, as well as net drift (overall annual percentage change), for gastric cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with high sodium intake across 204 countries and regions.

RESULTS: In 2021, 7.93% of global gastric cancer deaths and 7.92% of DALYs were linked to high sodium intake. Populations in East Asia and those with a high-middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) bore the heaviest burden. Over the 32-year period, the global age-standardized mortality rate [Net drift = -2.33(95%CI:-2.37 to -2.28)] and age-standardized DALYs rate [Net drift = -2.56(95%CI:-2.65 to -2.47)] generally demonstrated a declining trend, particularly in high SDI regions [Net drift =-2.91 (95%CI: -3.02 to -2.81)]. China, as a representative country, exhibited unfavorable age, period, and cohort effects. Future projections suggest further declines in mortality and DALYs numbers, along with corresponding age-standardized rates.

CONCLUSION: Despite ongoing global efforts to reduce sodium intake, gastric cancer remains a significant public health challenge, especially in East Asia. The findings underscore the necessity of developing targeted prevention strategies for high-risk groups, such as the elderly and males, to mitigate the global burden of gastric cancer.

PMID:41053684 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-025-14891-6

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1536. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06912-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS: Psychological stress plays a role in the development of periodontal disease by influencing immune function and behavioral responses. Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein released due to activation of the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system, shows potential as a salivary biomarker for stress-related immune changes. This study aimed to assess salivary CgA levels in individuals with healthy and diseased periodontal conditions while investigating its correlation with clinical periodontal parameters and psychological stress.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 56 systemically healthy participants classified into groups based on their periodontal condition: periodontal health, gingivitis, Stage II, and Stage III periodontitis. Clinical periodontal parameters were assessed. Psychological stress levels were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analyzed for CgA mRNA expression. Statistical analyses comprised ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation, and chi-square tests.

RESULTS: Salivary CgA levels were significantly higher in individuals with Stage III periodontitis compared to those with periodontal health, gingivitis, or Stage II periodontitis (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was observed between salivary CgA levels and BDI scores.

DISCUSSION: Although salivary CgA levels were significantly elevated in patients with advanced periodontal disease, no direct associations were observed between CgA levels and individual clinical or psychological stress measures. These findings suggest that CgA may reflect systemic stress-related changes associated with disease severity rather than individual psychological status.

PMID:41053683 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06912-4

BMC Pediatr. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):773. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06053-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Growth retardation is common in glycogen storage disease (GSD), though the relative contributions of hormonal and metabolic factors remain unclear. We compared clinical and biochemical features between GSD I and non-GSD I patients and identified independent predictors of height standard deviation score (SDS).

METHODS: Thirty-eight children with GSD (24 with GSD I; 14 with GSD III/VI/IX; mean age: 7.5 years) underwent evaluation of height SDS, BMI SDS, IGF1 SDS, and metabolic parameters. After excluding three patients with inflammatory bowel disease (final n = 35), multiple regression was used to identify factors associated with height SDS. In GSD I (n = 24), Lasso regression selected variables, and 1,000 bootstrap resamples assessed coefficient stability.

RESULTS: GSD I patients had lower height SDS (-2.30 vs. – 1.17; p = 0.021) and higher lactate (3.94 vs. 1.48 mmol/L; p < 0.001), uric acid (431.04 vs. 283.79µmol/L; p < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (2.38 vs. 1.29 mmol/L, p = 0.002) compared to non-GSD I. In combined-cohort regression, lactate was the only independent negative predictor of height SDS (p = 0.011); glucose levels and IGF1 SDS did not reach statistical significance. In GSD I, Lasso retained lactate (β = – 0.682), glucose (β = – 0.625), and IGF1 SDS (β = 0.524), and bootstrap validation showed only IGF1 SDS remained consistently significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Hyperlactatemia is significant predictor of growth impairment in GSD, while IGF1 is a stable predictor in GSD I. These findings highlight metabolic and hormonal targets for future hypothesis-driven research in this population.

PMID:41053679 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-025-06053-1

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1028. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-08233-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adequate levels of vitamin D during pregnancy are essential for maintaining fetal development and reducing the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study highlights the importance of improving pregnancy outcomes and promoting maternal health. It was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in the first trimester of pregnancy. pregnancy, given the importance of improving pregnancy outcomes and promoting maternal health.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2024 with 290 pregnant women in their first trimester who attended Al-Zahra and Taleghani Hospitals. Maternal data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from participants to measure serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D]. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 with statistical tests including Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among pregnant women was estimated at 52.8% (95% CI: 46.98-58.54). No significant association was found between the consumption of major food groups containing vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency; however, the intake levels were generally low. Occupational status, parity of three or more, vitamin D supplementation, sun protection score, and exposure to sunlight were identified as significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency.

CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among pregnant women and its contributing factors, including vitamin D intake, sun exposure, sun protection practices, occupational status, parity greater than three, and insufficient dietary consumption of vitamin D-rich foods, there is an urgent need for nutritional education. Additionally, early prescription of vitamin D is recommended for women with hypovitaminosis D to mitigate potential adverse effects on maternal and fetal health.

PMID:41053671 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-025-08233-4

BMC Cancer. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1513. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14831-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often experience chemotoxicity that impacts treatment adherence, survival, and quality of life. Early screening for chemotoxicity risk is vital, yet comprehensive predictive models are lacking. The objective of this study was to develop effective artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) models, integrating racialized group, social determinants of health (SDOH) (Area Deprivation Index [ADI], employment status), and biological aging (Levine Phenotypic Age) to predict overall, gastrointestinal (GI), and hematological chemotoxicity.

METHODS: We used electronic health records data from 1,735 adult patients with CRC. Sociodemographic/clinical variables, Levine Phenotypic Age (biological aging), and SDOH (including geospatial variations measured by ADI) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Associations with chemotoxicity (overall, GI, hematological) were evaluated via univariate tests. Significant predictors from univariate tests were selected for AI/ML modeling. Six supervised ML models were trained on 80% of cases (n = 1,388), with 20% (n = 347) reserved for testing. Performance was assessed via accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and F1-score. Permutation feature importance ranked predictors to define the most significant predictors of chemotoxicity.

RESULTS: Support Vector Machine and XGBoost models demonstrated high accuracy in both the training and test datasets. Notably, the AUC (0.988) was highest for the Support Vector Machine model in predicting overall chemotoxicity within the training dataset. Key predictors of overall and GI toxicities included higher Levine Phenotypic Age, elevated inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein), and poor SDOH (e.g., higher ADI, unemployment). Hematological toxicity was linked to lower inflammatory markers, higher Levine Phenotypic Age, and younger chronological age. Race (non-Hispanic Black), body mass index, and lifestyle also influenced overall and GI toxicities.

CONCLUSIONS: ML-based chemotoxicity prediction models incorporating racialized group, SDOH, and biological aging had high accuracy. Greater biological aging, poor SDOH including ADI, and higher inflammation markers were common risk factors for overall and GI chemotoxicity. In contrast, chronological and biological ages and immune/inflammation markers were only linked to hematological chemotoxicity. Integrating these factors into predictive models can help clinicians identify at-risk patients and tailor interventions (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-aging strategies) to reduce chemotoxicity and improve survivorship outcomes.

PMID:41053663 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-025-14831-4

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1532. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06816-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the removal torque values of abutment screws anodized with different voltage values.

METHODS: The abutment screws were divided into 6 groups according to their surface treatment: non-treated (C) Control group (n = 24), acid etched only (A) Acidic uncolored (n = 24), anodized with 27 V and painted blue (B) Blue (n = 24), after acid etching anodized with 27 V and painted blue (AB) Acidic Blue (n = 24), anodized with 55 V and painted yellow (Y) Yellow (n = 24) and after acid etching anodized with 55 V and painted yellow (AY) Acidic Yellow (n = 24). 144 bone-level implants to which the abutments will be attached are embedded in auto polymerized acrylic resin. All abutment screws were tightened to 30 Ncm on the digital torque meter. The removal torque values of abutment screws were obtained, and A three-way ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis, and Tukey’s test was used for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS: Decreased removal torque values were observed in all groups after thermomechanical cycling. Only application anodization process to abutment screws reduces removal torques of the screws. In case of acid etching before anodization, it was observed that removal torques increased. Applying only acid etching process to abutment screws reduces removal torques of the screws. However, when the screws are anodized after acid etching, it has been observed that removal torques increase.

CONCLUSION: It was observed that anodizing the abutment screws with different voltages did not make a significant change in the removal torques.

PMID:41053662 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06816-3

BMC Cancer. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1525. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-15042-7.

ABSTRACT

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urinary bladder cancer (UBC), though histologically similar, differ molecularly, prompting interest in their biomarker profiles for targeted therapies like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) enfortumab vedotin (targeting Nectin-4) and sacituzumab govitecan (targeting TROP-2). This study investigated Nectin-4 and TROP-2 expression in 87 UTUC patients, including 54 with a history of concurrent UBC (UTUC + UBC) and 33 with UTUC alone. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed widespread TROP-2 expression (98.8% of samples), with high levels linked to low-grade UTUC (p = 0.043) and intense staining (mean H-score 227 ± 63) across both cohorts. Nectin-4 was expressed in 70.1% of samples overall but was more frequent in the UTUC + UBC group (88.8% vs. 63.6% in UTUC-only patients), though this difference lacked statistical significance (p = 0.340). Notably, Nectin-4 staining intensity was weak in both groups (mean H-score 66 ± 65), suggesting biological distinctions between UTUC with and without UBC. The findings imply that ADCs targeting TROP-2 and Nectin-4 may hold therapeutic promise in UTUC without requiring prior biomarker testing. Additionally, the elevated Nectin-4 expression in UTUC + UBC patients hints at divergent molecular pathways that could influence treatment strategies, warranting further clinical exploration.

PMID:41053655 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-025-15042-7

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1531. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06794-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have explored the relationship between early feeding practices and early childhood caries (ECC), with a focus on oral hygiene, fluoride exposure, and sugary food consumption. However, the risk factors for ECC are diverse, and limited prospective studies have comprehensively examined the impact of various early feeding behaviors on ECC risk in preschoolers, including breastfeeding patterns, timing of complementary feeding, dietary diversity, sugary food intake, and micronutrient supplementation. Further research is needed to provide evidence for effective early intervention strategies to reduce ECC prevalence in preschoolers.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the association between early childhood feeding practices and dental caries risk in a birth cohort of Shanghai preschoolers, with a focus on breastfeeding pattern and duration, timing and types of complementary feeding, and early dietary habits.

METHODS: This analysis draws on data from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort (MCPC), a well-established prospective cohort designed to examine early life exposures and child health outcomes, including 3,505 maternal-child pairs aged 3 to 5 years. Dental caries status, including presence and severity (dmft), was assessed through clinical examinations. Data on early feeding practices, including breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and dietary habits, were collected via structured parent-reported questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using R4.3.3 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20, with adjusted Poisson regression models to assess associations and survival analysis to explore time-dependent effects.

RESULTS: Children with caries were more likely to have mothers with lower education levels, lower perceived family economic status, exposure to tobacco during pregnancy, and primary caregivers with dental caries. They also exhibited delayed tooth brushing initiation and behaviors such as eating after brushing and sleeping with a bottle. Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is not a risk factor for ECC. At 12 months of age, the consumption of sweets (aRR = 1.041, 95%CI: 1.020, 1.063) and sugar-sweetened beverages (aRR = 1.122, 95%CI: 1.080, 1.166) in the past 24 h significantly increased caries risk. Early introduction of complementary foods (< 6 months) also elevated the risk (aRR = 1.234, 95% CI: 1.019, 1.494). In contrast, consistent vitamin D supplementation (0-2 years) was protective (aRR = 0.980, 95% CI: 0.961, 0.998), and greater dietary diversity at 12 months was associated with lower dmft (β = -0.222, 95% CI: -0.442, -0.003). Survival analysis showed that sweet intake at 12 months shortened the caries-free survival time, whereas consistent vitamin D supplementation from birth to 2 years prolonged it.

CONCLUSION: Scientific early feeding strategies, including limiting sugar intake, ensuring an appropriate timing for complementary feeding, maintaining consistent vitamin D supplementation, and promoting dietary diversity, play a key role in preventing ECC.

PMID:41053654 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06794-6

BMC Pediatr. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):775. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06170-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a frequent metabolic complication in newborns. The available treatment methods may bring about adverse consequences; therefore, finding new modalities to decrease the duration of treatment is a major concern. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of massage or chicory bath on bilirubin levels in term newborns undergoing phototherapy.

METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 90 newborns with hyperbilirubinemia at Imam Ali Hospital of Amol on October 26, 2024 to February 6, 2025. Two intervention groups received chicory bath or massage as an adjuvant intervention in addition to standard phototherapy treatment, and the control group only received phototherapy. A custom-designed data collection form was used in this study. All newborns who met the inclusion criteria were selected and informed consent was obtained from their parents. Then, using a computerized random number table, the newborns were randomly assigned to three groups. Sampling continued until the intended number was reached. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests including analysis of variance, chi-square, Tukey’s post hoc test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data using SPSS software (version 26). A significance level of 0.05 was considered acceptable.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of neonatal age, gender, birth weight, gestational age, and type of delivery. There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding average bilirubin levels on the second, third, and fourth days of hospitalization. The change in bilirubin levels over time was significant regardless of the group (P=0.000), and the trend of bilirubin change over time was not significant among the three groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of complications including skin rashes, drug sensitivity, and phototherapy sensitivity among the three groups. There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of the frequency of defecation on the third and fourth days (P=0.02), which was higher in the massage group. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of hospitalization days among the chicory (3 ±0. 91) (Length of stay: 2-5), massage (2.77±0.73) (Length of stay: 2-4), and control groups (3.37±0.93) (Length of stay: 2-5) (p=0.03). This significant difference was observed between massage and control groups (P=0.02) concerning the rate of hospitalization, and the newborns in the massage group were discharged earlier.

CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, Field massage combined with phototherapy was more effective in increasing the frequency of defecation and reducing the length of hospitalization in infants with hyperbilirubinemia compared to those in the chicory bath group and the control group who received phototherapy only.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir (trial ID 77302).

PMID:41053652 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-025-06170-x

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):1547. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06707-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This research explores the prevalence of fimA genotype variants of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It seeks to examine the relationship between these genotypes and both periodontal health and disease. The study aims to improve our understanding of the involvement of P. gingivalis in periodontal diseases among the UAE population.

METHODS: This research involved 127 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis and 127 healthy participants matched for age and gender. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and examined for fimA genotypes (types I, II, III, IV, and V) employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A statistical evaluation using the chi-squared test was conducted to explore the relationship between fimA genotypes and periodontal condition, providing insights into the relationship between microbial profiles and periodontal health and disease.

RESULTS: The study found a significant link between specific fimA genotypes and periodontitis. The fimA genotype II was most common in periodontitis patients (41.7%) compared to healthy individuals (7.1%), with a strong association (p < 0.001). fimA genotype type IV was also more frequent in patients (15.0%) than in controls (2.4%), showing a significant correlation (p < 0.001). Other genotypes, such as fimA I, III, and V, were more frequently observed in patients, suggesting their involvement in disease development.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights a significant link between specific P. gingivalis fimA genotypes, particularly types II and IV fimA genotype combinations, and periodontitis in the UAE population. These findings provide insights into the prevalence of genotypes and suggest future research into their pathogenic mechanisms, potentially leading to new therapeutic interventions for periodontitis.

PMID:41053650 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06707-7