Tag: pubmed

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):381-386. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_186_21. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing a meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, very few tools are available for clinicians to assess children’s diet relating to caries risk. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child’s diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in the prevention of dental caries.

METHODS: Multi-disciplinary teams with a sample study population were involved in the initial structuring of Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index. To obtain cut-off values for cariogenicity of diet, a study was carried out with a sample of 774 children correlating diet diary with caries status. For statistics, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied.

RESULTS: ROC curve of 22.5 were plotted for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child’s diet objectively to guide the professional to achieve a logical diet modification.

PMID:38739816 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_186_21

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):375-380. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_2_23. Epub 2024 Feb 8.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Exogenous application of direct current (DC) on piezoelectric biopolymers results in biochemical modifications in the intracellular/extracellular regions which profoundly affects the pace of bone turnover. A qualitative examination of DC (waveform and frequency) provides ideal qualities of current.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: 20 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly selected and divided into control (group 1-4 rats) with orthodontic appliance (OA) and experimental groups (OA + Micro-current (MC). Experimental groups were subdivided into four groups (group 2-20 μA/5 sec, 3-20 μA/10 sec, 4-15 μA/5 sec, 5-15 μA/10 sec with four rats in each). The tooth movement was recorded every 24th hours for 7 days. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 3rd day and 168 hrs with the absorbent paper points at specific location around the tooth in control and experiment groups. Histopathological analysis was done on 168 hrs to assess the osteoclastic activity around the root. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration was accessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc test.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in tooth movement, group 3 (20 μA/10 sec) showed an increased rate of tooth movement on the 168 hrs. The level of IL-6 was maximum on 72 hrs in experimental group 3.

CONCLUSION: The study showed time interval/frequency, the waveform, and the amount of current play a significant role in determining bone turnover and rate of tooth movement.

PMID:38739815 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_2_23

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):371-374. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_970_22. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Gender determination is pivotal in establishing a biological profile of human remains, where fragments of the skull persist with unidentifiable dental arch data. Owing to the resistance and stability against external factors such as trauma and fractures, radiological assessment of the frontal sinus can be a useful indicator for sexual dimorphism. Keeping this in mind, a study was designed to analyse the efficacy of morphometric assessment of the frontal sinus for gender determination in the North Indian population.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 300 (150 males and 150 females) lateral cephalograms of the age >20 years were retrieved. The frontal sinus index (ratio of maximum height to depth), area, and perimeter of the same were calculated using Adobe Photoshop software. The results obtained were further subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The study yielded an accuracy rate of 75.3% for sex differentiation. The frontal sinus perimeter was a novel parameter which was utilised as a variable in the obtained discriminant equation for sex differentiation. Thus, this cost-effective technique might be useful as an adjunct to assess sexual dimorphism.

PMID:38739814 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_970_22

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):365-370. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_313_23. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing the clinical performance of titanium zirconium (Ti-Zr) and titanium (Ti) dental implants subjected to immediate loading in the posterior mandibular region where occlusal forces are higher are sparse in the current literature. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of Ti-Zr and Ti dental implants under immediate functional loading in the mandibular posterior region.

METHODS: Forty participants fulfilling the predetermined selection criteria were randomly grouped based on dental implant used; Titanium zirconium (Ti-Zr):20, and Titanium (Ti):20. Dental implants were placed through a standard full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap approach and loaded immediately fulfilling the principle of implant protective occlusion. Clinical parameters including crestal bone loss (CBL), modified plaque index (MPI), probing depth (PD) and modified sulcular bleeding index (MSBI) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits (4, 8, and 12 months). Obtained data were compared with standard tests such as the t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: On intergroup comparison, CBL was more in the Ti-Zr group as compared to the Ti group at 4 months (0.72 ± 0.16 mm versus 0.70 ± 0.13 mm), but it was less at 8 months (1.08 ± 0.16 mm versus 1.13 ± 0.13 mm) and 12 months (1.19 ± 0.17 mm versus 1.24 ± 0.12 mm) but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Mann-Whitney test also revealed no statistically significant difference in MPI, PD and MSBI at 4 months, 8 months and 12 months recall (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: CBL and periodontal parameters of Ti-Zr dental implants were found similar to Ti dental implants under immediate loading in the posterior mandibular region. However, further studies are needed to determine its long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

PMID:38739813 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_313_23

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):350-353. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_68_20. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) raise a considerable restorative challenge for the dentist in bonding, as adhesion is not as strong and predictable as enamel bonding. A critical factor for restorative success is the selection of restorative material. Clinicians have tried many restorative materials and techniques to obtain the best performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome of a Giomer and Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restoration in NCCL using united states public health service (USPHS) criteria at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: Patients from age 25 – 50 years having non-carious cervical lesions on both the sides and requiring restorations were screened. 20 patients were selected and further divided into 2 groups using simple random sampling technique. Group A- Beautifil II restoration using G-Premio bond (n = 10) and Group B- Ketac N100 restoration (n = 10). Restorations were done according to manufacturer’s instructions and consequently evaluated at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months using the USPHS criteria for marginal discolouration, marginal integrity, surface texture, colour match, gross fracture and post-operative sensitivity.

RESULTS: Giomer restorations showed better results than RMGIC. There was decrease in alpha ratings in both the study groups i.e., Giomer and RMGIC from 6 to 12 months.

DISCUSSION: The overall findings suggest that both Giomer and RMGIC gave satisfactory clinical results when used to restore non-carious cervical lesions. Both the materials can successfully be used since there was no statistically significant difference in the clinical outcome.

PMID:38739810 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_68_20

J Med Internet Res. 2024 May 13;26:e53724. doi: 10.2196/53724.

ABSTRACT

Large language models showed interpretative reasoning in solving diagnostically challenging medical cases.

PMID:38739441 | DOI:10.2196/53724

Elife. 2024 May 13;12:RP92311. doi: 10.7554/eLife.92311.

ABSTRACT

In several large-scale replication projects, statistically non-significant results in both the original and the replication study have been interpreted as a ‘replication success.’ Here, we discuss the logical problems with this approach: Non-significance in both studies does not ensure that the studies provide evidence for the absence of an effect and ‘replication success’ can virtually always be achieved if the sample sizes are small enough. In addition, the relevant error rates are not controlled. We show how methods, such as equivalence testing and Bayes factors, can be used to adequately quantify the evidence for the absence of an effect and how they can be applied in the replication setting. Using data from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, the Experimental Philosophy Replicability Project, and the Reproducibility Project: Psychology we illustrate that many original and replication studies with ‘null results’ are in fact inconclusive. We conclude that it is important to also replicate studies with statistically non-significant results, but that they should be designed, analyzed, and interpreted appropriately.

PMID:38739437 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.92311

Microbiology (Reading). 2024 May;170(5). doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001462.

ABSTRACT

Endolysins are bacteriophage (or phage)-encoded enzymes that catalyse the peptidoglycan breakdown in the bacterial cell wall. The exogenous action of recombinant phage endolysins against Gram-positive organisms has been extensively studied. However, the outer membrane acts as a physical barrier when considering the use of recombinant endolysins to combat Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the SAR-endolysin LysKpV475 against Gram-negative bacteria as single or combined therapies, using an outer membrane permeabilizer (polymyxin B) and a phage, free or immobilized in a pullulan matrix. In the first step, the endolysin LysKpV475 in solution, alone and combined with polymyxin B, was tested in vitro and in vivo against ten Gram-negative bacteria, including highly virulent strains and multidrug-resistant isolates. In the second step, the lyophilized LysKpV475 endolysin was combined with the phage phSE-5 and investigated, free or immobilized in a pullulan matrix, against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311. The bacteriostatic action of purified LysKpV475 varied between 8.125 μg ml^-1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, 16.25 μg ml^-1 against S. enterica Typhimurium ATCC 13311, and 32.50 μg ml^-1 against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146 and Enterobacter cloacae P2224. LysKpV475 showed bactericidal activity only for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (32.50 μg ml^-1) and P. aeruginosa P2307 (65.00 μg ml^-1) at the tested concentrations. The effect of the LysKpV475 combined with polymyxin B increased against K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146 [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) 0.34; a value lower than 1.0 indicates an additive/combined effect] and S. enterica Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (FICI 0.93). A synergistic effect against S. enterica Typhimurium was also observed when the lyophilized LysKpV475 at ⅔ MIC was combined with the phage phSE-5 (m.o.i. of 100). The lyophilized LysKpV475 immobilized in a pullulan matrix maintained a significant Salmonella reduction of 2 logs after 6 h of treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of SAR-endolysins, alone or in combination with other treatments, in the free form or immobilized in solid matrices, which paves the way for their application in different areas, such as in biocontrol at the food processing stage, biosanitation of food contact surfaces and biopreservation of processed food in active food packing.

PMID:38739436 | DOI:10.1099/mic.0.001462

JAMA. 2024 May 13. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.5596. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Identification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Individual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers from 28 general population-based cohorts from 12 countries and 4 continents with assessments by participant age. The median follow-up was 11.8 years.

EXPOSURE: Measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which included all fatal and nonfatal events. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. Subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of biomarkers and outcomes were calculated after adjustment for established risk factors. The additional predictive value of the biomarkers was assessed using the C statistic and reclassification analyses.

RESULTS: The analyses included 164 054 individuals (median age, 53.1 years [IQR, 42.7-62.9 years] and 52.4% were women). There were 17 211 incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. All biomarkers were significantly associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (subdistribution HR per 1-SD change, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.11-1.16] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.23] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24] for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08-1.22] for B-type natriuretic peptide; and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.12-1.16] for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and all secondary outcomes. The addition of each single biomarker to a model that included established risk factors improved the C statistic. For 10-year incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in younger people (aged <65 years), the combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein resulted in a C statistic improvement from 0.812 (95% CI, 0.8021-0.8208) to 0.8194 (95% CI, 0.8089-0.8277). The combination of these biomarkers also improved reclassification compared with the conventional model. Improvements in risk prediction were most pronounced for the secondary outcomes of heart failure and all-cause mortality. The incremental value of biomarkers was greater in people aged 65 years or older vs younger people.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cardiovascular biomarkers were strongly associated with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and mortality. The addition of biomarkers to established risk factors led to only a small improvement in risk prediction metrics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but was more favorable for heart failure and mortality.

PMID:38739396 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2024.5596

JAMA Netw Open. 2024 May 1;7(5):e2410203. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10203.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38739395 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10203