Tag: pubmed

Front Nutr. 2023 Nov 16;10:1295241. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1295241. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Promoting sustainability in food and nutrition systems is essential to address the various challenges and trade-offs within the current food system. This imperative is guided by key principles and actionable steps, including enhancing productivity and efficiency, reducing waste, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, improving economic growth and livelihoods, and enhancing resilience at various levels. However, in order to change the current food consumption patterns of the world and move toward sustainable diets, as well as increase productivity in the food production chain, it is necessary to employ the findings and achievements of other sciences. These include the use of artificial intelligence-based technologies. Presented here is a narrative review of possible applications of artificial intelligence in the food production chain that could increase productivity and sustainability. In this study, the most significant roles that artificial intelligence can play in enhancing the productivity and sustainability of the food and nutrition system have been examined in terms of production, processing, distribution, and food consumption. The research revealed that artificial intelligence, a branch of computer science that uses intelligent machines to perform tasks that require human intelligence, can significantly contribute to sustainable food security. Patterns of production, transportation, supply chain, marketing, and food-related applications can all benefit from artificial intelligence. As this review of successful experiences indicates, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data are a boon to the goal of sustainable food security as they enable us to achieve our goals more efficiently.

PMID:38035357 | PMC:PMC10687214 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2023.1295241

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Nov 16;13:1265777. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1265777. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The colonization of the oral cavity by potentially pathogenic antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in adolescents and its consequences is very poorly understood. The present study focused on the occurrence of oral colonization by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and their multidrug resistance, including the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases, among healthy adolescents and risk factors associated with GNB colonization.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted as part of “A program for the early detection of risk factors for lifestyle diseases SOPKARD-Junior” (SOPKARD-Junior). Oral samples were collected from 182 adolescents from four public elementary schools in Sopot, Poland, aged 13-14 years. Bacterial strains were identified by the MALDI-TOF MS method. Screening of antimicrobial resistance was performed using a disk diffusion method. The NG-Test^® CARBA-5 was used to detect and differentiate the five most widely distributed carbapenemases. Demographic and clinical data were collected and statistical analysis of risk factors was performed.

RESULTS: A total of 68 out of 182 (37.4%) healthy adolescents was documented oral colonization with Gram-negative bacilli, including 50/182 (27.5%) multidrug resistant (MDR-GNB) strains. Over 60% of oral carriage concerned three main genera Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Serratia spp., which were detected in 22.1%, 19.1%, and 19.1% of participants, respectively. Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Hafnia spp., Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Stenotrophomonas spp. were also isolated. The antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (69.1%), meropenem (60.3%), gentamycin (60.3%), piperacillin/tazobactam (52.9%), and piperacillin (45.6%) were the most common. Among 73.5% GNB strains multidrug resistance was observed, including all Pseudomonas spp. strains. Among MDR-GNB, 30.4% were resistant to four groups of antibiotics, half of the MDR Pseudomonas spp. strains were resistant to 10 groups of antibiotics. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases were produced by Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella spp., and Serratia spp. (7.4%). Colonization by ESBLs-positive GNB strains was significantly associated with recurrent respiratory infections, nasal congestion, and bronchitis (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our study revealed high oral carriage of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli in healthy adolescents and the association of ESBL-producing strains with respiratory infections. Further studies on oral colonization with GNB are necessary due to the possibility of distinct infections and the acquisition of antibiotic resistance by resident microbiota.

PMID:38035342 | PMC:PMC10687414 | DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1265777

Innov Pharm. 2023 Oct 10;14(1). doi: 10.24926/iip.v14i1.5174. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Background: Evidence suggests that goal anti-Xa levels are achieved in only 33% of critically ill patients receiving standard prophylactic enoxaparin dosing. There has been limited focus on the potential suboptimal anticoagulation effect on medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients receiving therapeutic enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: MICU patients receiving enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice daily or 1.5 mg/kg daily for VTE treatment in a 350-bed community teaching hospital between 2013 and 2019 with at least one peak anti-Xa level measured were included. The primary outcome was the proportion who achieved therapeutic anti-Xa levels with standard dosing. Secondary outcomes included types of dose-adjustments required and the proportion requiring subsequent dose-adjustments. Descriptive statistics were presented for all outcomes. Results: Fifty-three patients were evaluated, including those receiving either twice-daily or once-daily standard therapeutic dosing. Optimal anti-Xa levels at first measurement were recorded after the initiation of enoxaparin in 26.4% (n=14) patients. Dose adjustments were required in 70.7% (n=29) of patients receiving twice-daily dosing and in 83.3% (n=10) receiving once-daily dosing (P=0.97) to appropriately increase or decrease the enoxaparin dose. By the third anti-Xa level measurement, 3 patients remained outside of the therapeutic range. Conclusions: Standard therapeutic enoxaparin dosing did not result in optimal anti-Xa levels for a majority of MICU patients regardless of dosing regimen used or patient specific factors. Future studies should identify patient factors associated with the requirement for higher or lower enoxaparin dosing.

PMID:38035321 | PMC:PMC10686670 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v14i1.5174

Innov Pharm. 2023 Oct 10;14(1). doi: 10.24926/iip.v14i1.5212. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in Michigan, but not all Michigan adults had appropriate CRC screening. Objective: To assess the relationship between rurality and age on CRC screenings to inform how pharmacists could focus their efforts to educate, facilitate, or offer CRC health screenings. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using 2018 Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MiBRFSS) survey data. Michigan participants aged ≥ 50 years were included. Outcomes included the utilization of stool-based tests, sigmoidoscopies, colonoscopies, and the most recent CRC screening. Demographic variables included age, sex, income, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education level, employment status, income, rurality, and health insurance. Representative sampling weights were used to adjust for the complex survey design. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. IBM SPSS version 28.0.1.0 was used and an a priori p-value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: A weighted total of 3,762,540 participants were included, of which 21.3% (n = 781,907) reported living in a rural area and approximately 70% (n = 2,616,646) were between the ages of 50-69 years old. Most participants reported being White, non-Hispanic (n = 3,104,117, 84.5%), having health insurance (n = 3,619,801, 96.4%), and having a colonoscopy (74.6%, n= 2,620,581). There was no difference based on rurality. Compared to those aged 50-59 years, adults 60-69 years (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.58,2.45), 70-79 years (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.40,4.51), and ≥ 80 years (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.54,3.24) had higher odds of receiving a colonoscopy. Lack of insurance was associated with lower odds of receiving a colonoscopy (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.56). Conclusion: Most participants reported having a CRC screening but efforts to increase CRC screening in Michigan adults aged 50-59 are warranted.

PMID:38035320 | PMC:PMC10686677 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v14i1.5212

Innov Pharm. 2023 Oct 10;14(1). doi: 10.24926/iip.v14i1.5444. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Background: Literature has shown the positive impact of ambulatory care pharmacists on diabetes management, yet additional research on clinical outcomes compared to traditional care models is warranted. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an ambulatory care pharmacist on glycemic control over two years compared to patients who received usual care. Methods: This retrospective cohort study matched patients with a baseline hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) ≥8% managed by the ambulatory care pharmacist to patients who received usual care. The primary outcome was the mean change in HgbA1c over two years. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate the difference in (1) the proportion of patients achieving HgbA1c <8%, (2) the proportion of patients achieving blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, (3) mean LDL, (4) the proportion of patients prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1RA, and sulfonylureas, and (5) severe hypoglycemia after two years. Results: Data for 180 patients was analyzed over two years. The mean HgbA1c was 10% at baseline vs 8.2% after two years (adjusted mean change -1.92) among pharmacist-managed patients, compared to 9.9% vs 9% respectively for usual care patients (adjusted mean change -0.98) (p=0.004). Among pharmacist-managed patients, 53.5% achieved HgbA1c <8% compared with 34.2% of usual care patients (p=0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in proportion of patients at goal blood pressure, mean LDL, or hypoglycemia between the two groups. After two years, 18.3% of pharmacist-managed and 5.8% of usual care patients were on an SGLT2 inhibitor (p=0.008), and 46.7% of pharmacist-managed and 9.2% of usual care patients were on a GLP-1RA (p<0.001). No difference was found in sulfonylurea utilization. Conclusion: Patients with HgbA1c >8% managed by an ambulatory care pharmacist had twice the HgbA1c reduction and significantly more utilization of GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitors as compared to controls provided usual care.

PMID:38035312 | PMC:PMC10686668 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v14i1.5444

Front Public Health. 2023 Nov 17;11:1155225. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155225. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is an aging and public health issue that is a leading cause of disability worldwide and has a significant economic impact on a global scale. Treatments for CLBP are varied, and there is currently no study with high-quality evidence to show which treatment works best. Exercise therapy has the characteristics of minor harm, low cost, and convenient implementation. It has become a mainstream treatment method in clinics for chronic low back pain. However, there is insufficient evidence on which specific exercise regimen is more effective for chronic non-specific low back pain. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise therapies on chronic low back pain and provide a reference for exercise regimens in CLBP patients.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to 10 May 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for selection. We collected information from studies to compare the effects of 20 exercise interventions on patients with chronic low back pain.

RESULTS: This study included 75 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 5,254 participants. Network meta-analysis results showed that tai chi [standardized mean difference (SMD), -2.11; 95% CI, -3.62 to -0.61], yoga (SMD, -1.76; 95% CI -2.72 to -0.81), Pilates exercise (SMD, -1.52; 95% CI, -2.68, to -0.36), and sling exercise (SMD, -1.19; 95% CI, -2.07 to -0.30) showed a better pain improvement than conventional rehabilitation. Tai chi (SMD, -2.42; 95% CI, -3.81 to -1.03) and yoga (SMD, -2.07; 95% CI, -2.80 to -1.34) showed a better pain improvement than no intervention provided. Yoga (SMD, -1.72; 95% CI, -2.91 to -0.53) and core or stabilization exercises (SMD, -1.04; 95% CI, -1.80 to -0.28) showed a better physical function improvement than conventional rehabilitation. Yoga (SMD, -1.81; 95% CI, -2.78 to -0.83) and core or stabilization exercises (SMD, -1.13; 95% CI, -1.66 to -0.59) showed a better physical function improvement than no intervention provided.

CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional rehabilitation and no intervention provided, tai chi, toga, Pilates exercise, sling exercise, motor control exercise, and core or stabilization exercises significantly improved CLBP in patients. Compared with conventional rehabilitation and no intervention provided, yoga and core or stabilization exercises were statistically significant in improving physical function in patients with CLBP. Due to the limitations of the quality and quantity of the included studies, it is difficult to make a definitive recommendation before more large-scale and high-quality RCTs are conducted.

PMID:38035307 | PMC:PMC10687566 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155225

Front Public Health. 2023 Nov 14;11:1270015. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270015. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting the lymphatic system. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with LF during the last 11 years of available data in Ecuador.

METHODS: A 11-year nationwide analysis of hospital admission and in-hospital mortality based on the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) data was conducted in Ecuador from 2011 to 2021. The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for filariasis (ICD: B74) was used to retrieve information on severe LF as a proxy for incidence among 221 Ecuadorian cities.

RESULTS: A total of 26 hospital admissions and 3 deaths due to LF were registered. The highest mortality rate was found in populations over 80 years. Men accounted for 62.5% (n = 17) of total number of cases with an average incidence rate of 1.7 cases per/1,000,000, while females accounted for 34.6% (n = 9), representing 1 case per/1,000,000 woman. Cities located at lower altitude (459/1,000,000) reported higher incidence rates than those located at higher altitudes (7.4/1,000,000).

CONCLUSION: This is the first study on LF in Ecuador. Although, Ecuador is not considered endemic for LF, we found evidence of the presence of this disease in recent years. The implementation and improvement of an adequate integrated epidemiological surveillance system will allow early identification of cases and therefore their respective treatment.

PMID:38035299 | PMC:PMC10682787 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270015

Front Public Health. 2023 Nov 15;11:1274047. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274047. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Reliable and valid assessment tools are needed to evaluate and predict physical function in older hospitalized patients. The aim of this study is to develop the Italian version of the Elderly Mobility Scale (I-EMS) and to evaluate its validity and inter-rater reliability for use with geriatric inpatients.

METHODS: The study consists of two phases: (i) translation, where EMS version 2 was translated into Italian by two teams, each comprising 2 bilingual physiotherapists; translations were back translated by 2 native English speakers, and a committee of 2 physiotherapists and 1 physician refined the initial I-EMS version, which was pilot-tested for clarity in a group of ten experienced geriatric physiotherapists; (ii) an observational study assessed I-EMS metrics (reliability, validity) in older Italian inpatients at IRCCS INRCA (Ancona, Italy) between September 2022 and April 2023.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the scores of individual items and the total score assigned by different raters. The ICC for total I-EMS was 0.951, SEM was 1.10 and MDC95 was 3.06. The absolute agreement and weighted kappa for individual items ranged 80.32-100% and 8.2-1, respectively. The validity of I-EMS was supported by a significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the Barthel Index (r = 0.827 and 0.834 for the I-EMS administered by rater A and rater B, respectively).

CONCLUSION: I-EMS showed good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, and confirmed construct validity with respect to BI. Therefore, it can safely be used as an assessment tool for hospitalized Italian geriatric patients.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: [ClinicalTrials.gov], [NCT05806242].

PMID:38035291 | PMC:PMC10684775 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274047

Front Public Health. 2023 Nov 14;11:1292442. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292442. eCollection 2023.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38035284 | PMC:PMC10682786 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292442

Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Nov 14;15:1278323. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1278323. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the role of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become a research hotspot based on evidence of abnormal iron deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in the brains of PD patients. This study aims to examine the relevant research on ferroptosis and PD from a bibliometric perspective.

METHODS: Original research and review articles related to ferroptosis and PD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Statistical analysis and visualization of information including countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords of the included studies were conducted using the R software package “bibliometrix.”

RESULTS: A total of 414 articles met the inclusion criteria, averaging 37.86 citations per article. From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of research in this area was 63.44%. The corresponding authors of published articles were mainly affiliated with institutions in China, the United States, and Australia. Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and the University of Melbourne in Australia emerged as the most active and influential institutions. The journal with the highest H-index and publication output was Free Radical Biology and Medicine. “Ferroptosis,” “immunotherapy,” “prognosis” and “microenvironment” were identified as high-frequency keywords, indicating current and future research directions in this field.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study provides insights into current research hotspots and emerging trends in the growing field of ferroptosis research related to PD. The high-frequency keywords identified highlight active areas of investigation involving methods, mechanisms, and populations of interest.

PMID:38035275 | PMC:PMC10682076 | DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1278323