Tag: pubmed

Acta Med Indones. 2025 Jul;57(3):341-345.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Identifying liver fibrosis is crucial for initiating antiviral therapy for hepatitis B infection. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing the degree of fibrosis. However, a liver biopsy is an invasive procedure that carries some risks. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) and compare its efficacy for determining the degree of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection with that of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4).

METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted on patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who had transient elastography results at the Gastroenterology Hepatology Clinic, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, between January and December 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the diagnostic values and cutoff points of the RPR, APRI, and FIB-4 to detect liver fibrosis based on Transient Elastography in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B infection.

RESULTS: A total of 114 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection were included in this study (42 with significant fibrosis and 72 with nonsignificant fibrosis). The area under the curve (AUC) of the RPR was 0.873 (p < 0.001) with a cutoff point of >0.0538, whereas the AUCs of the APRI and FIB-4 were 0.833 (p < 0.001) and 0.746 (p < 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSION: The RPR has a higher diagnostic performance than the APRI and is superior to the FIB-4 in assessing the degree of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. The RPR is a simple and cost-effective test and has the potential to be a screening tool for patients with hepatitis B infection.

PMID:41047800

J Dent Educ. 2025 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/jdd.70061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The proposed guidelines for implant dentistry education in Australian undergraduate dental programs from the 2010 Australian Consensus Workshop (ACW) have presented notable difficulties in their implementation. This study aims to explore the views of dental students regarding implant dentistry education and recommend improvements.

METHODS: A survey was distributed to final year dental students (n = 73) in one of the Australian dental schools. The 18-question survey was structured into four sections, covering participants experience in implant dentistry, their confidence in applying knowledge acquired from the implant curricula, satisfaction with the implant curricula in terms of quality, quantity, and timing of delivery, and considerations for possible improvements. Multilinear regression analysis was exclusively conducted for Satisfaction Likert data sets.

RESULTS: The response rate was 71.2% (n = 52). Most students reported low confidence in applying implant knowledge clinically (65.4%-80.7%), with a notable increase in confident responses in understanding theory following a practical workshop (from 7.7%-32.6%). Students unanimously agreed on the need for improvements, particularly emphasizing a greater focus on clinical observations (78.8%) and preclinical training (76.9%). The regression model was statistically significant for theory amount (F (1,45) = 4.2, p < 0.05) and Sim-Lab quality (F (1,45) = 5.7, p < 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Students expressed a lack of confidence in selecting and treating patients requiring implant dentistry. The quantity of theoretical content and the quality of Sim-Lab experiences were the factors that notably enhanced the satisfaction of students. Some of the obstacles identified by ACW 14 years ago persist in undergraduate dental education.

PMID:41047492 | DOI:10.1002/jdd.70061

Odontology. 2025 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01223-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan (Cht), gelatin (Gel) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different concentrations as a medicament for the release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from infected dentin. Fifty-two single-rooted premolar teeth were standardized to 12 ± 1 mm in length and prepared up to size #100 with K-hand files. The root segments were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. Two root segments were used to confirm the mature biofilm formation by scanning electron microscope. After irrigation with 1.5% NaOCl (20 mL/5 min), the samples were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the intracanal medicament: control group (non-dressed), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), Cht/Gel/AgNPs1 (0.18 g Cht/54 μg /mL AgNPs), Cht/Gel/AgNPs2 (0.16 g Cht/108 μg/mL AgNPs), and Cht/Gel/AgNPs3 (0.14 g Cht/162 μg/mL AgNPs). The samples were incubated for two weeks and then irrigated with 17% EDTA (20 mL/5 min). They were then placed in sterile Eppendorf tubes with 1 mL Hank’s balanced salt solution at 37°C, and bFGF levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 24 hours. Each root canal volume was assessed using cone-beam computerized tomography to calculate the final bFGF concentration. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between the control and the other medicament groups (p < 0.01). The Ca(OH)₂ group showed significantly lower bFGF release levels among all Cht/Gel/AgNPs groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between the Cht/Gel/AgNPs2 and Cht/Gel/AgNPs1 groups (p = 0.019), as well as between the Cht/Gel/AgNPs2 and Cht/Gel/AgNPs3 groups (p = 0.007). Cht/Gel-containing AgNP medicaments may represent promising agents for revascularization protocols.

PMID:41047431 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-025-01223-0

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025 Oct 5;35(1):417. doi: 10.1007/s00590-025-04542-8.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Distal femur fractures are challenging to manage and fixation with intramedullary nails or plates alone can fail. Linked nail plate constructs (NPC) are increasingly used for complex cases. This five-year review from a UK major trauma centre reports indications and patient outcomes.

METHODS: Patients treated for a distal femoral fracture with a NPC between 1st January 2020 and 1st January 2025 were identified. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, fracture classification, procedural characteristics, postoperative weight-bearing status, union rates, complications and mortality were recorded.

RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were identified with a mean age of 70 years (20 to 98). Twenty-four (75%) patients were female with a median ASA of 3. There were five (16%) open fractures and ten (31%) peri-prosthetic fractures. Eight (25%) NPCs were revision operations following failure of primary fixation. All operations were performed by at least one consultant. In total, 31 (97%) patients were permitted unrestricted weight bearing postoperatively. Clinical union was achieved in 25 (96%) of 26 patients available for follow-up. There were no significant complications. Mortality rate at 30 days, 3 months and 12 months was 6%, 6% and 16%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the use of nail plate construct (NPC) in the management of both primary and revision surgery for complex distal femoral fractures. Among 32 patients with a mean age of 70 years, NPC permitted immediate unrestricted weight bearing (97%) with a high rate of union (96%) and a low complication and mortality rates. These findings highlight NPC as an effective option for managing complex distal femur fractures.

PMID:41047422 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-025-04542-8

Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Oct 6;10(1):328. doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02427-0.

ABSTRACT

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its efficacy as a standalone therapy remains suboptimal. This phase 2 trial (ChiCTR2100049829) evaluated the feasibility and safety of TACE combined with atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with intermediate-stage HCC. Participants received TACE followed by atezolizumab and bevacizumab until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), ORR by modified RECIST (mRECIST), disease control rate (DCR), time to response (TTR), duration of response (DOR), and adverse events (AEs). Between August 21, 2021 and April 10, 2023, 45 patients were enrolled. As of the data cutoff on September 30, 2024, the median follow-up was 26.7 months. The ORR was 47% per RECIST v1.1 and 67% per mRECIST. Median PFS was 17.9 months, and median OS was 33.0 months. The DCR was 87% (RECIST v1.1) and 91% (mRECIST). Median TTR was 11.9 weeks (RECIST v1.1) and 4.9 weeks (mRECIST), with median DOR of 36.6 weeks (RECIST v1.1) and 44.4 weeks (mRECIST). Of the 45 patients, 44 experienced AEs of any grade, with 20 reporting grade 3-4 AEs; no grade 5 AEs were observed. TACE combined with atezolizumab and bevacizumab appears safe and feasible for intermediate-stage HCC, supporting further investigation in larger studies.

PMID:41047409 | DOI:10.1038/s41392-025-02427-0

Eur Spine J. 2025 Oct 6. doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-09400-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of posterior endoscopic surgery using a bone tunnel approach in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) secondary to uncovertebral osteophytes.

METHODS: From January 2022 to July 2023, 68 patients diagnosed with cervical osseous foraminal stenosis due to uncovertebral osteophytes and treated with posterior endoscopic surgery through the bone tunnel approach were retrospectively enrolled in this study, with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and success rate according to Odom’s criteria. Radiological outcomes were assessed by measuring the C2-7 sagittal Cobb angle (SCA), segmental angle (SA), and cervical curvature angle (CA) on the lateral, hyperflexion and hyperextension radiographs.

RESULTS: All the patients successfully underwent the procedure without severe complications. The mean operative duration was 84.1 ± 24.6 min, with an average hospital stay of 4.4 ± 2.2 days and a mean follow-up time of 14.7 ± 3.1 months. Significant improvements in the NDI and VAS scores were observed postoperatively (p < 0.05). At the final follow-up, the clinical success rate, defined as excellent or good outcomes, was 100% (43 excellent and 25 good outcomes). On lateral radiographs, no statistically significant differences were detected in SCA, CA, and SA measurements at various time points. On hyperextension radiographs, all measurements at the final follow-up were significantly larger than those taken pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.05). On hyperflexion radiographs, all postoperative measurements were significantly smaller than those taken preoperatively and at the final follow-up (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Posterior endoscopic surgery through the bone tunnel approach is a safe and effective route for achieving direct neuroventral bony decompression, demonstrating favorable clinical and radiological outcomes in the treatment of CSR with uncovertebral osteophytes.

PMID:41047404 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-025-09400-z

Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 5;15(1):34652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-20839-4.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a complete nonclassical symmetry analysis of the nonlinear integrable model known as the (4 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (4D-BLMP) equation. The analysis is divided into two parts. The first part involves constructing systems of nonlinear partial differential equations for the determining equations based on the dimensions of the model. Five distinct cases of these systems are examined and solutions to these systems are found, leading to the creation of various new nonclassical symmetries. The second part focuses on classifying the developed unknown functions using the constructed nonclassical symmetries and their invariant formulations. These classified functions are then applied to obtain a range of new explicit exact solutions to the model. The paper also includes a graphical analysis of the dynamical behavior of these solutions, taking into account special parameter values. The results highlight the existence of various wave structures in the 4D-BLMP equation, setting it apart from other models that lack non-singular complexiton solutions. The analysis of higher-dimensional nonlinear integrable equations is essential because such models capture complex wave phenomena arising in mathematical physics, fluid dynamics, and optical systems. In particular, understanding their exact and nonclassical solutions provides deeper insight into the underlying dynamics and supports the development of effective analytical and numerical techniques.

PMID:41047386 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-20839-4

BMC Public Health. 2025 Oct 6;25(1):3311. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24629-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Improving the mental health and digital divide issues is crucial for promoting active aging. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship and intricate mechanisms between social participation, social media use, and depressive symptoms among a nationwide sample of Chinese older adults.

METHODS: We utilized data from two waves (2018, 2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, which included 4928 older adults aged 60 years and above. We Used a cross-lagged model to examine the bidirectional relationship between social participation, social media use, and depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: In two years, social media use competency and social participation frequency can be predicted bidirectionally, and social media use competency and depressive symptoms can also be predicted bidirectionally. However, there is no cross-temporal bidirectional relationship between social participation frequency and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms can predict social participation frequency two years later, while social participation frequency cannot directly predict depressive symptoms. The mediation analysis indicated that social media use competency played a complete mediating role between social participation frequency and depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Continuous social participation may enhance social media use competency and alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults. Social media use may alleviate the decrease in social participation frequency and increase in depressive symptoms in older adults. Therefore, social media can be an effective tool to promote the integration of the older adults into society and alleviate negative emotions.

PMID:41047381 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24629-5

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025 Oct 6. doi: 10.1007/s00270-025-04223-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Interventional radiologists are among the healthcare professionals most exposed to ionizing scatter radiation. A 0.5 mm lead equivalent X-ray protective drape (MXPD, Mavig, Germany) was introduced to reduce operator radiation dose and has demonstrated efficacy during cardiac interventions. This study evaluates the efficacy of the MXPD during transfemoral liver interventions.

MATERIALS & METHODS: A single-center randomized controlled study was conducted to compare operator radiation exposure during transfemoral liver interventions (n = 100) with and without the MXPD. Primary outcome was the ratio of the combined operator radiation dose values-measured at the chest, eyes and both hands and normalized to the respective dose area products – between MXPD and control groups. Secondary outcomes included the ratios in operator radiation doses measured for the individual dosimeter locations.

RESULTS: The MXPD group showed a significantly lower normalized radiation dose per DAP (mean reduction 0.31 µSv; 95% CI 0.083-0.536, p = 0.009), representing a 43% reduction. The effect of the drape was the highest for the whole-body dose measured above the lead apron (55% reduction, p = 0.10), the left hand finger dose (43%, p = 0.20) and the eye lens dose estimated at the left temple (63%, p = 0.10) and in between the eyes (47%, p = 0.10).

CONCLUSION: The MXPD can effectively reduce operator radiation dose during transfemoral arterial liver interventions, offering a practical adjunct to standard protective measures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1b, Randomized Controlled Trial.

PMID:41047378 | DOI:10.1007/s00270-025-04223-3

Nurs Health Sci. 2025 Dec;27(4):e70241. doi: 10.1111/nhs.70241.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Inpatient Experience with Nursing Care Scale (IPENCS). A methodological study included 523 inpatients in a university and a training and research hospital located in 2 provinces between April 2023 and April 2024. The language, content (I-CVI: 0.85-1.00; S-CVI: 0.99), and face validity of the scale were established. For construct validity, CFA analyses confirmed the good fit of the original scale. Convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity were established (ASV < MSV < AVE < 0.50; CR < 0.80; AVE < CR). Reliability analysis indicated that the total Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.94 and item-total score correlations (0.507-0.687) were adequate. The ICC coefficient for test-retest was 0.705, and parallel form reliability and concurrent validity had a high correlation (r = 0.669, p < 0.05). The results showed that the Turkish version of the scale was a valid and reliable tool to determine the nursing care experience of inpatients. This scale, evaluating patients’ nursing care experiences during their hospitalization by focusing on the process rather than the outcome, would be a useful tool for nurses and healthcare managers to use to evaluate the service.

PMID:41047373 | DOI:10.1111/nhs.70241