Tag: pubmed

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Apr 10;45(4):529-535. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230719-00021.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze immune reconstitution and influencing factors in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with access to antiviral therapy (ART) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) during 2005-2021. Methods: The data were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The study subjects were HIV infected MSM with access to the initial ART for ≥24 weeks in Guangxi from 2005 to 2021 and HIV RNA lower than the detection limit within 24 months. The proportion of infected MSM who had immune reconstitution after ART was calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of immune reconstitution. Software SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 3 200 HIV infected MSM were enrolled, in whom 15.56 % (498/3 200) had no immune reconstitution, 14.78% (473/3 200) had moderate immune reconstitution, and the rate of complete immune reconstitution was 69.66% (2 229/3 200). The M (Q₁, Q₃) of ART time for immune reconstitution was 12 (5, 27) months. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model analysis results showed that compared with those with initial ART at age ≥30 years, WHO clinical stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ illness, baseline BMI <18.50 kg/m² and baseline CD4⁺T lymphocyte (CD4) counts <200 cells/µl, HIV infected MSM with initial ART at age <30 years, WHO clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱ illness, baseline BMI≥24.00 kg/m² and baseline CD4 counts ≥200 cells/µl were more likely to have complete immune reconstitution. Conclusions: In the HIV infected MSM in Guangxi, failures to achieve moderate and complete immune reconstitution were observed. Surveillance and ART regimen should be improved for key populations, such as those with older age and low baseline CD4 counts.

PMID:38678348 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230719-00021

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Apr 10;45(4):513-519. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230915-00161.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of etiologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at the county (city, district) unit in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2021 to provide evidence for the implementation and adjustment of prevention and control strategies of PTB in Jiangsu Province. Methods: The registration data of etiologically positive PTB patients in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2021 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System in the China Information System of Disease Control and Prevention. Data on the permanent population were from the statistical yearbook of each county (city, district) in Jiangsu Province. Geoda 1.18.0 software was used to analyze the global and local spatial autocorrelation and explore the spatial clustering. SaTScan 10.1 software was used to analyze the spatial-temporal clusters, and ArcGIS 10.7 software was used to visualize the spatial-temporal clusters. Results: A total of 128 240 etiological positive PTB cases were registered in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2021, with an average annual registration rate of 13.99/100 000. The registration rate showed an overall upward trend (trend χ²=63.49, P<0.001) after 2017, and the etiologically positive rate showed an overall upward trend (trend χ²=3 710.86, P<0.001). The annual Moran’s I values ranged from 0.107 to 0.343, which showed a spatial clustering distribution. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there were “high-high” clustering areas in Jiangsu Province each year, showing a dynamic distribution, and most of the areas were distributed in the central and southern regions of Jiangsu Province, with the largest number (7) in 2015 and the smallest number (1) in 2011. A total of 4 spatial-temporal clustering areas were explored by spatial-temporal scanning analysis (all P<0.001), among which the first-level clustering area covered 3 counties (cities, districts), namely Changshu, Taicang, and Xiangcheng District of Suzhou, and the clustering time was from 2011 to 2015. The secondary clustering areas covered 24 counties (cities, districts), mainly covering Jiangsu’s central and northern regions, such as Huai’an, Suqian, and Yancheng. The third-level clustering areas covered 26 counties (cities, districts); the fourth-level clustering area was the Gaochun District of Nanjing, with the clustering period from 2017 to 2021. Conclusions: From 2011 to 2021, the etiologically positive PTB registration rate at the county (city, district) level in Jiangsu Province had obvious spatial-temporal clustering characteristics. The clustering areas included the northern areas with relatively backward economies and the southern areas with better economic development. Multiple measures should be taken to prevent and control PTB according to the specific situation in different regions.

PMID:38678346 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230915-00161

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 May 8;53(5):464-469. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20240125-00063.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate HER2 mRNA expression in breast cancer with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) 0 and to analyze the feasibility of distinguishing between the tumor with HER2 μltra-low expression and the one without expression of HER2 (no staining by IHC) by HER2 mRNA level preliminarily. Methods: HER2 mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription digital PCR in 41 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical tissue samples of invasive breast cancer obtained between January 2020 and March 2023 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The cohort included 21 HER2 IHC 1+ and 20 IHC 0 (12 ultra-low and 8 non-expression of HER2). HER2 mRNA expression level was quantitatively evaluated by the FAM (HER2)/VIC (reference gene) ratio. Results: The expression of HER2 mRNA for the cases with 1+, ultra-low, and non-expression of HER2 by IHC was 0.30 to 1.78 (average 0.90, median 0.82), 0.55 to 1.51 (average 0.93, median 0.90) and 0.22 to 0.78 (average 0.41, median 0.36), respectively. For the mean and median HER2 mRNA levels, there was no significant difference between HER2 IHC 1+ and HER2 ultra-low expression diseases (P=0.757). A remarkable difference in HER2 gene expression was found between the tumors with 1+ and non-expression of HER2 by IHC (P=0.002). And, HER2 ultra-low cases contained statistically higher levels of HER2 mRNA compared with non-expression of HER2 subgroup by IHC (P=0.001). Conclusions: Based on HER2 mRNA, HER2 non-expression and HER2 weak expression (including HER2 IHC 1+ and ultra-low) belong to two different types of the tumor and the disease with HER2 IHC 1+ and HER2 ultra-low expression may be the same. It is necessary to further test the performance of HER2 mRNA detection for stratifying the HER2 weak expression subgroup and to determine the threshold.

PMID:38678327 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20240125-00063

Med Sci Monit. 2024 Apr 28;30:e943443. doi: 10.12659/MSM.943443.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially life-threatening disease that affects the intestine of the neonate, causing necrosis and general inflammation. Treatment consists of feeding cessation and antibiotic therapy. In more severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary. Recently, different NEC models have been used to study the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods. This work modified an experimental NEC model in rat pups by a single exposure of animals to NEC-causing factors and testing the impact of mother’s milk on prevalence of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty rat pups were subjected to the NEC protocol, in which they were exposed to 100% nitrogen atmosphere and cold stress for set periods of time and formula feeding with exposure to mother’s milk and artificial milk. Twenty-nine pups were used for control. After a set time of 72 h, bowel fragments were obtained and examined histologically by hematoxylin-eosin staining with a modified 3-grade scale. RESULTS Histological features of NEC were present in most of the samples (10/14) in the group exposed to 1 min of hypoxia (P=0.016), 10 min of cold stress (P=0.4) and formula feeding every 3 h with no mother’s milk (P=0.001). In the group of 11 animals with the same stress conditions but fed mother’s milk right after birth, only 1 sample of NEC was present. CONCLUSIONS The modified experimental NEC model based on formula feeding and single exposure to hypothermia and hypoxia was assessed statistically and histologically. In this model, mother’s milk had a protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID:38678319 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.943443

Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2024 Apr 27:ncae104. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncae104. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to compare the differences between volumetric CT dose index (CTDIVOL) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDEWED) based on water equivalent diameter (WED) in radiation dose measurement, and explore a new method for fast calculation of SSDEWED. The imaging data of 1238 cases of head, 1152 cases of chest and 976 cases of abdominopelvic were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into five age groups: ≤ 0.5, 0.5 ~ ≤ 1, 1 ~ ≤ 5, 5 ~ ≤ 10 and 10 ~ ≤ 15 years according to age. The area of interest (AR), CT value (CTR), lateral diameter (LAT) and anteroposterior diameter (AP) of the median cross-sectional image of the standard scanning range and the SSDEWED were manually calculated, and a t-test was used to compare the differences between CTDIVOL and SSDEWED in different age groups. Pearson analyzed the correlations between DE and age, DE and WED, f and age, and counted the means of conversion factors in each age group, and analyze the error ratios between SSDE calculated based on the mean age group conversion factors and actual measured SSDE. The CTDIVOL in head was (9.41 ± 1.42) mGy and the SSDEWED was (8.25 ± 0.70) mGy: the difference was statistically significant (t = 55.04, P < 0.001); the CTDIVOL of chest was (2.68 ± 0.91) mGy and the SSDEWED was (5.16 ± 1.16) mGy, with a statistically significant difference (t = -218.78, P < 0.001); the CTDIVOL of abdominopelvic was (3.09 ± 1.58) mGy and the SSDEWED was (5.89 ± 2.19) mGy: the difference was also statistically significant (t = -112.28, P < 0.001). The CTDIVOL was larger than the SSDEWED in the head except for the ≤ 0.5 year subgroup, and CTDIVOL was smaller than SSDEWED within each subgroup in chest and abdominopelvic. There were strong negative correlations between f and age (head: r = -0.81; chest: r = -0.89; abdominopelvic: r = -0.86; P < 0.001). The mean values of f at each examination region were 0.81 ~ 1.01 for head, 1.65 ~ 2.34 for chest and 1.71 ~ 2.35 for abdominopelvic region. The SSDEWED could be accurately estimated using the mean f of each age subgroup. SSDEWED can more accurately measure the radiation dose of children. For children of different ages and examination regions, the SSDEWED conversion factors based on age subgroup can be quickly adjusted and improve the accuracy of radiation dose estimation.

PMID:38678314 | DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncae104

J Sports Sci. 2024 Apr 27:1-8. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2323849. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated learning and recall effects following a feedback-based retraining program. A 6-month follow-up of a quasi-randomized controlled trial was performed with and without recall. Twenty runners were assigned to experimental or control groups and completed a 3-week running program. A body-worn system collected axial tibial acceleration and provided real-time feedback on peak tibial acceleration for six running sessions in an athletic training facility. The experimental group received music-based biofeedback in a faded feedback scheme. The controls received tempo-synchronized music as a placebo for blinding purposes. The peak tibial acceleration and vertical loading rate of the ground reaction force were determined in a lab at baseline and six months following the intervention to assess retention and recall. The impacts of the experimental group substantially decreased at follow-up following a simple verbal recall (i.e., run as at the end of the program): peak tibial acceleration:-32%, p = 0.018; vertical loading rate:-34%, p = 0.006. No statistically significant changes were found regarding the retention of the impact variables. The impact magnitudes did not change over time in the control group. The biofeedback-based intervention did not induce clear learning at follow-up, however, a substantial impact reduction was recallable through simple cueing in the absence of biofeedback.

PMID:38678312 | DOI:10.1080/02640414.2024.2323849

Neurocase. 2024 Apr 27:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2345404. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this study, Event-Related Potential (ERP) analyzes were performed to detect cognitive impairments in PD with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). A total of 85 volunteers underwent ERP analysis and neuropsychological testing (NPT) to determine cognitive level. In ERP analyses, prolonged latencies were observed in PD groups. However, patients implanted with DBS showed a decrease in latencies, a decrease in symptoms and statistical improvements in both cognitive and attention skills. Considering all these data, ERP results are promising as a noninvasive method that can be used in both disease status and diagnosis of PD.

PMID:38678307 | DOI:10.1080/13554794.2024.2345404

Trials. 2024 Apr 27;25(1):286. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08104-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The fragility index is a statistical measure of the robustness or “stability” of a statistically significant result. It has been adapted to assess the robustness of statistically significant outcomes from randomized controlled trials. By hypothetically switching some non-responders to responders, for instance, this metric measures how many individuals would need to have responded for a statistically significant finding to become non-statistically significant. The purpose of this study is to assess the fragility index of randomized controlled trials evaluating opioid substitution and antagonist therapies for opioid use disorder. This will provide an indication as to the robustness of trials in the field and the confidence that should be placed in the trials’ outcomes, potentially identifying ways to improve clinical research in the field. This is especially important as opioid use disorder has become a global epidemic, and the incidence of opioid related fatalities have climbed 500% in the past two decades.

METHODS: Six databases were searched from inception to September 25, 2021, for randomized controlled trials evaluating opioid substitution and antagonist therapies for opioid use disorder, and meeting the necessary requirements for fragility index calculation. Specifically, we included all parallel arm or two-by-two factorial design RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of any opioid substitution and antagonist therapies using a binary primary outcome and reported a statistically significant result. The fragility index of each study was calculated using methods described by Walsh and colleagues. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials.

RESULTS: Ten studies with a median sample size of 82.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 58, 179, range 52-226) were eligible for inclusion. Overall risk of bias was deemed to be low in seven studies, have some concerns in two studies, and be high in one study. The median fragility index was 7.5 (IQR 4, 12, range 1-26).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that approximately eight participants are needed to overturn the conclusions of the majority of trials in opioid use disorder. Future work should focus on maximizing transparency in reporting of study results, by reporting confidence intervals, fragility indexes, and emphasizing the clinical relevance of findings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42013006507. Registered on November 25, 2013.

PMID:38678289 | DOI:10.1186/s13063-024-08104-x

BMC Psychol. 2024 Apr 27;12(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01746-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Climate change is seriously affecting human survival and development, and the anxiety caused by it is becoming increasingly prominent. How to alleviate people’s climate change anxiety, improve the ecological environment, and promote the formation of green lifestyles among people, especially young people, is an important topic that deserves to be explored. This study examined the relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behaviors and the underlying psychological mechanism in the adolescents.

METHODS: This study explored the crucial role of future self-continuity (FSC) between climate change anxiety (CCA) and pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) in adolescents and examined the moderating role of green self-efficacy (GSE). In this study, a total of 1,851 middle and high school students from five schools were selected for questionnaire survey.

RESULTS: The results showed that (1) in both middle and high school grades, there was a significant negative correlation between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behaviors; future self-continuity was significantly positively correlated with pro-environmental behaviors; green self-efficacy was negatively correlated with climate change anxiety and positively correlated with pro-environmental behaviors; (2) climate change anxiety negatively predicted pro-environmental behaviors, and compared with middle school grades, high school grade adolescents’ climate change anxiety was significantly predicted pro-environmental behaviors. Future self-continuity mediated the relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behaviors in both grades. (3) green self-efficacy moderated the second half of the pathway of the mediation model only in middle grades. Specifically in middle school, future self-continuity did not significantly predict pro-environmental behaviors at low green self-efficacy level, but positively predicted pro-environmental behaviors at high green self-efficacy level. In high school, future self-continuity did not significantly predict pro-environmental behaviors in either high or low green self-efficacy level.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there is a moderated mediation model between adolescents’ climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behaviors, with different mediating and moderating effects among adolescents in various grades. This is of great significance in alleviating climate anxiety among adolescents and cultivating their pro-environmental behaviors.

PMID:38678287 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-01746-1

BMC Psychol. 2024 Apr 27;12(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01745-2.

ABSTRACT

The impact of free time management and leisure satisfaction on quality of life is distinct, however, the role of satisfaction in enhancing quality of life through free time management remains uncertain. Hence, the objective of this research is to explore how leisure satisfaction acts as a mediator between free time management and the levels of quality of life among university students. Additionally, this study aims to analyse these concepts in relation to gender, age and the number of days of activity participation. Within this particular framework, a total of 213 university students willingly participated in the survey, which included the administration of the “Free Time Management Scale,” “Leisure Satisfaction Scale,” and “Quality of Life Scale.” The analyses employed the Independent T-Test, Pearson Correlation, and Linear Regression methods. The mediating effect was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The study found significant relationships between gender, free time management, and life quality. There was a significant relationship between free time management, leisure satisfaction, and quality of life (p < 0.05). Leisure satisfaction partially mediated the quality of life-free time management relationship. As age and physical activity grow, males have a higher standard of living, and time allocation and quality of life improve. Furthermore, it was found that students who effectively managed their time experienced an enhanced quality of life, as evidenced by their increased satisfaction with leisure activities. Notably, the level of satisfaction with well-managed time was identified as a crucial factor in this association.

PMID:38678286 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-01745-2