Tag: pubmed

Cogn Sci. 2024 Apr;48(4):e13447. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13447.

ABSTRACT

One of the most prominent social influences on human decision making is conformity, which is even more prominent when the perceptual information is ambiguous. The Bayes optimal solution to this problem entails weighting the relative reliability of cognitive information and perceptual signals in constructing the percept from self-sourced/endogenous and social sources, respectively. The current study investigated whether humans integrate the statistics (i.e., mean and variance) of endogenous perceptual and social information in a Bayes optimal way while estimating numerosities. Our results demonstrated adjustment of initial estimations toward group means only when group estimations were more reliable (or “certain”), compared to participants’ endogenous metric uncertainty. Our results support Bayes optimal social conformity while also pointing to an implicit form of metacognition.

PMID:38659095 | DOI:10.1111/cogs.13447

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2024 Apr 24. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.1433. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is less invasive than surgery but procedure-related adverse events (AEs) still frequently occur. This study compared the benefits of EP using a new optimal endoCUT setting on the VIO (Erbe) electrosurgical unit (VIO-EP) with those using the conventional electrosurgical unit setting (ICC-EP, Erbe).

METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective, comparative cohort study included 57 patients who underwent VIO-EP and 91 who underwent ICC-EP. The primary outcome was occurrence of EP-related AEs. Secondary outcomes were pathological findings (the resection margins, the R0 resection, and residual lesions).

RESULTS: Pancreatitis tended to be less common in the VIO-EP group (5.3% vs. 9.9%, p = .248). Evaluation of computed tomography images showed that pancreatitis was confined to the pancreatic head in 77.8% of cases in the ICC-EP group and in 33.3% of those in the VIO-EP group. After exclusion of cases of delayed bleeding, pancreatitis tended to be less common in the VIO-EP group; this finding was not statistically significant (2.3% vs. 8.2%, p = .184). In pathological findings, residual lesions were significantly less common in the VIO-EP group.

CONCLUSIONS: The risks of pancreatitis and residual lesions after EP may be lower when the VIO electrosurgical unit is used with the optimal setting.

PMID:38659092 | DOI:10.1002/jhbp.1433

J Vasc Access. 2024 Apr 24:11297298241246300. doi: 10.1177/11297298241246300. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is little information regarding complications of arterial catheterization in modern clinical care. We aimed to determine the incidence of abnormal duplex vascular ultrasound and catheter related infections following perioperative arterial catheterization.

METHODS: Patients requiring arterial catheterization for elective surgery were included and insertion details collected prospectively. Duplex ultrasound evaluation was performed 24 h after catheter removal. Symptomatic patients were identified by self-reported questionnaire. On Day 7, patients answered questions by telephone, related to the insertion site, pain, and function. Results of catheter tip and blood culture analyses were sought. Univariate associations of patient and surgical characteristics with abnormal ultrasound were assessed with p < 0.05 considered significant.

RESULTS: Of 339 catheterizations, 105 (40%) had ultrasound evaluation. Catheters were indwelling for median (IQR, range) duration of 6.0 h (4.4-8.2, 1.8-28) with no catheter-related infections. There were 16 (15.2%, 95% CI 9.0%-23.6%) abnormal results, including 14 radial artery thromboses, one radial artery dissection, and one radial vein thrombosis. Those with abnormal ultrasound results were more likely to have had Arrow catheters inserted (68.8% vs 27%, p = 0.023) and more than one skin puncture (37.5% vs 26.8%, p = 0.031). Two of the 16 (12.5%) patients with abnormal ultrasound results reported new symptoms related to the hand compared with nine of the 88 (10.2%) with normal results (p = 0.1). No patients required urgent referral for management.

CONCLUSIONS: Thrombosis was the most common abnormality and was usually asymptomatic. There were no infections, few post-operative symptoms, and minimal functional impairment following arterial catheterization.

PMID:38659089 | DOI:10.1177/11297298241246300

Clin Epigenetics. 2024 Apr 24;16(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13148-024-01668-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a disease that poses a serious threat to individual health, and DNA methylation is an important mechanism in epigenetics, and its role in the occurrence and development of the disease has attracted more and more attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between iodothyronine deiodinase 3 promoter region fragment FA27 (DIO3-FA27) methylation levels, biochemical indices, and HF.

RESULTS: The methylation levels of DIO3-FA27_CpG_11.12 and DIO3-FA27_CpG_23.24 significantly differed in HF patients with different degrees. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the relative HF risk in the third and fourth quartiles of activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin degradation products. The results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that the methylation levels of DIO3-FA 27_CpG_11.12 and DIO3-FA 27_CpG_23.24 were associated with coagulation indicators, liver function, renal function, and blood routine.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the differential analysis of CpG methylation levels based on DIO3-FA27, it was found that biochemical indicators combined with DIO3-FA27 promoter DNA methylation levels could increase the risk of worsening the severity classification of HF patients, which provided a solid foundation and new insights for the study of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in patients with HF.

PMID:38659084 | DOI:10.1186/s13148-024-01668-0

Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024 Apr 25;10(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40842-023-00163-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite its high prevalence in the western world metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) does not benefit from targeted pharmacological therapy. We measured healthcare utilisation and identified factors associated with high-cost MASLD patients in France.

METHODS: The prevalent population with MASLD (including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) in the CONSTANCES cohort, a nationally representative sample of 200,000 adults aged between 18 and 69, was linked to the French centralised national claims database (SNDS). Study participants were identified by the fatty liver index (FLI) over the period 2015-2019. MASLD individuals were classified according as “high-cost” (above 90th percentile) or “non-high cost” (below 90th percentile). Factors significantly associated with high costs were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model.

RESULTS: A total of 14,437 predominantly male (69%) participants with an average age of 53 ± SD 12 years were included. They mainly belonged to socially deprived population groups with co-morbidities such as diabetes, high blood pressure, mental health disorders and cardiovascular complications. The average expenditure was €1860 ± SD 4634 per year. High-cost MASLD cost €10,863 ± SD 10,859 per year. Conditions associated with high-cost were mental health disorders OR 1.79 (1.44-2.22), cardiovascular diseases OR 1.54 (1.21-1.95), metabolic comorbidities OR 1.50 (1.25-1.81), and respiratory disease OR 1.50 (1.11-2.00). The 10% high-cost participants accounted for 58% of the total national health care expenditures for MASLD.

CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the need for comprehensive management of the comorbid conditions which were the major cost drivers of MASLD.

PMID:38659082 | DOI:10.1186/s40842-023-00163-4

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Apr 24;16(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00885-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Social communication impairments (SCI) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is marked by challenges in social interaction. Although physical exercise has been shown to improve SCI, this finding has not been supported by comprehensive scientific evidence. Existing research has established a strong link between the SCI in children with ASD and abnormalities in regional homogeneity (ReHo). Therefore, investigating the effects of physical exercise on SCI and Reho in patients with ASD may help to elucidate the neurological mechanisms involved.

METHODS: The present study included 30 preschool children diagnosed with ASD, with 15 participants in each group (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent a 12-week mini-basketball training program (MBTP) based on routine behavioral rehabilitation, while the control group only received routine behavioral rehabilitation. The Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) was employed to assess SCI in both groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technology was used to evaluate ReHo in both groups.

RESULTS: After 12-week of MBTP, significant group × time interactions were observed between the experimental and control groups in total SRS-2 scores (F = 14.514, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.341), as well as in the domains of social cognition (F = 15.620, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.358), social communication (F = 12.460, p < 0.01, η_p² = 0.308), and autistic mannerisms (F = 9.970, p < 0.01, η_p² = 0.263). No statistical difference was found in the scores for the social awareness subscale and social motivation subscale in the group × time interaction (all p > 0.05). The experimental group exhibited increased ReHo in the right Cerebellum_Crus1 and right parahippocampal gyrus, coupled with decreased ReHo in the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), left superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral), left postcentral gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus. Furthermore, a decrease in ReHo in the left postcentral gyrus positively correlated with changes in social communication scores in SCI behaviors (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the effectiveness of a 12-week MBTP in ameliorating SCI and abnormalities in ReHo among preschool children with ASD.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is retrospectively registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024973; August 5, 2019).

PMID:38659073 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-024-00885-7

J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Apr 24;19(1):261. doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-04725-9.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of full endoscopic lumbar annulus fibrosus suture in the treatment of single-segment lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

METHODS: The clinical data of patients with single-segment LDH who underwent full endoscopic lumbar discectomy from January 2017 to January 2019 in our hospital were retrospectively analysed. Patients with full endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with annulus fibrosus suture were divided into group A, and those with simple full endoscopic lumbar discectomy were divided into group B. The general information, surgery-related data, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), modified MacNab score at the last follow-up, reoperation rate and recurrence were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months, and the surgical time was 133.6 ± 9.6 min in group A and 129.0 ± 11.7 min in group B. The difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The blood loss of group A was higher than that of group B, and the difference was statistically significant when comparing the groups (p < 0.05). The postoperative symptoms of patients in both groups were significantly relieved, and the VAS score of low back pain and ODI index were significantly lower than the preoperative ones at all postoperative time points (1 month after surgery, 3 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up) (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The excellent rate of MacNab at the last follow-up in the two groups were 93.55% and 87.80%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). At the last follow-up, the recurrence rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), while the difference between the reoperation rate of the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Full endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with annulus fibrosus repair reduces the postoperative recurrence rate and achieves satisfactory clinical outcomes.

PMID:38659063 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-024-04725-9

Head Face Med. 2024 Apr 24;20(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13005-024-00427-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to analyze to what extent patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are affected by temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). To collect data, an online questionnaire was created to recruit participants from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland through social media and support groups. The questionnaire consists of free-text questions, the German versions of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G14), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and the Graded Chronic Pain Status (GCPS).

RESULTS: A total of 76 participants with diagnosed MFS were included. Of these, 65.8% showed TMD symptoms, the most common being pain or stiffness of the masticatory muscles in the jaw angle (50.0%). Only 14.5% of the participants were already diagnosed with TMD. Of the participants with an increased likelihood of a depression disorder, 76.9% showed TMD symptoms. Of those with a critical score for an anxiety disorder, 90.9% showed TMD symptoms. 73.3% of participants with TMD symptoms reached the critical score for a stress disorder. TMD symptoms were associated with a higher risk for chronic pain. In the median, participants with TMD showed statistically notably higher OHIP-G14 scores than participants without TMD (11.5 [IQR 17] vs. 1 [IQR 3] points, p ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSION: TMD symptoms had a noticeable impact on OHRQoL in patients with MFS, i.e., chronic pain and psychological impairment. TMD seems underdiagnosed, and more research is needed to prevent the associated chronification of pain and psychological burden to improve the OHRQoL.

PMID:38659050 | DOI:10.1186/s13005-024-00427-z

Ital J Pediatr. 2024 Apr 24;50(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13052-024-01653-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To date, the etiology and risk factors of torticollis are still poorly defined in the pediatric literature. Especially in the Emergency Department (ED) scenario, it is critical to reliably distinguish benign and transient conditions from (potentially) life-threatening disorders. This study describes the clinical characteristics of a large sample of children with torticollis. The aim of our study was to detect epidemiology, etiology and predictive variables associated with a higher risk of life-threatening conditions in acute torticollis.

METHODS: We conducted a pediatric retrospective study of acute torticollis over a 13-year period referred to the ED of a tertiary pediatric Hospital. We reported the characteristics in the overall sample and in two subgroups divided according to urgency of the underlying condition. Furthermore, we developed a multivariate model aimed at identifying the main clinical predictors of the need for urgent care.

RESULTS: 1409 patients were analyzed (median age 5.7 years, IQR 5.8). A history of trauma was present in 393 patients (27.9%). The symptom most frequently associated with torticollis were pain (83.5%). At least one pathological finding was found in 5.4 to 7.9% of patients undergoing further imaging. Hospitalization was required in 11.1% of cases (median duration 4 days). The most frequent etiologies of torticollis were postural cause (43.1%), traumatic (29.5%), and infective/inflammatory (19.1%). A longer time from onset of torticollis and the presence of headache or vomiting were strongly correlated with an underlying urgent condition, after adjusting for the other clinically and statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION: Our study shows that an urgent condition most commonly occur in patients presenting with history of trauma or headache, vomiting and torticollis for more than 24 h should undergo further diagnostic evaluation and short-term follow-up, restricting invasive or expensive investigations to patients with clinical suspicion of an underlying harmful condition.

PMID:38659045 | DOI:10.1186/s13052-024-01653-6

Harm Reduct J. 2024 Apr 24;21(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12954-024-01000-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A heated tobacco product (HTP) authorized for purchase in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration as a reduced harm product was removed from the market after about 2 years of sales. Adults who used the HTP were surveyed to determine the impact of the introduction and removal of the HTP on past and current tobacco behaviors.

METHODS: Adults who were using the HTP before its United States market removal (n = 502) completed a cross-sectional online survey to determine their tobacco use behaviors at three timepoints: prior to HTP initiation, just before HTP market removal, and at the time of the survey which was administered approximately 10 months post-removal. Descriptive statistics summarized outcome variables and paired bivariate testing was used to compare percent change between timepoints. Multivariable logistic regression and general linear models estimated associations of tobacco use behaviors and cigarette consumption.

RESULTS: Overall, significantly fewer adults consumed cigarettes while using HTP than before they tried the product (63.0% vs. 89.9%, p value < 0.0001) and the number of cigarettes consumed per week (CPW) decreased (106.3-39.0, p value < 0.0001). After HTP removal, the percent of adults who consumed cigarettes increased non-significantly (63.0-67.5%, p value = 0.0544) while CPW increased significantly (39.0-76.6 CPW, p value < 0.0001). At the time of the survey, over 25% of the sample continued to use the HTP and 7.2% reported use of no tobacco products. Electronic nicotine delivery system use had increased significantly from the prior period (27.4% increase, p value < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates reduction or elimination of combustible cigarette smoking while adults were using HTPs and some increased smoking after market removal, albeit at lower levels. If unable to find satisfying alternatives, adults who smoke and transition to reduced harm products may return to smoking or purchase products illicitly if their preferred products are removed from the regulated market.

PMID:38659033 | DOI:10.1186/s12954-024-01000-2