Tag: pubmed

Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 1;14(1):12608. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63440-x.

ABSTRACT

Changes in dietary patterns and body weight have become a focus of research in undergraduate students. This study compared breakfast consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and BMI between medical and non-medical students. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 Peruvian university students, of whom 1,464 (32.1%) were from the medical field and 3,097 (67.9%) from the non-medical field. We compared the frequency of breakfast consumption (categorized as regular: 6 to 7 days/week; occasional: 3 to 5 days/week; and rarely or never: 0 to 2 days/week) and the frequency of consumption of foods high in saturated fat. We created simple and multiple linear and Poisson regression models with robust variance to evaluate the association of the mentioned variables with academic fields. Non-medical students (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; p = 0.008) were less likely to eat breakfast regularly compared to medical students. Likewise, consumption of foods high in saturated fats was higher in non-medical students (B = 1.47, 95% CI 0.91-2.04; p < 0.001) compared to medical students. Similarly, the mean BMI of these students was significantly higher than that of medical students (B = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.53; p = 0.002). Although medical students reported relatively healthy eating habits and a lower BMI, there is a widespread need to promote improved diet and lifestyle among the entire university population to reduce the risks of communicable diseases and improve quality of life.

PMID:38824182 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-63440-x

Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 1;14(1):12619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62896-1.

ABSTRACT

Subgroup analysis aims to identify subgroups (usually defined by baseline/demographic characteristics), who would (or not) benefit from an intervention under specific conditions. Often performed post hoc (not pre-specified in the protocol), subgroup analyses are prone to elevated type I error due to multiple testing, inadequate power, and inappropriate statistical interpretation. Aside from the well-known Bonferroni correction, subgroup treatment interaction tests can provide useful information to support the hypothesis. Using data from a previously published randomized trial where a p value of 0.015 was found for the comparison between standard and Hemopatch® groups in (the subgroup of) 135 patients who had hand-sewn pancreatic stump closure we first sought to determine whether there was interaction between the number and proportion of the dependent event of interest (POPF) among the subgroup population (patients with hand-sewn stump closure and use of Hemopatch®), Next, we calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the “attributable proportion” (AP). The p value of the interaction was p = 0.034, the RERI was – 0.77 (p = 0.0204) (the probability of POPF was 0.77 because of the interaction), the RERI was 13% (patients are 13% less likely to sustain POPF because of the interaction), and the AP was – 0.616 (61.6% of patients who did not develop POPF did so because of the interaction). Although no causality can be implied, Hemopatch® may potentially decrease the POPF after distal pancreatectomy when the stump is closed hand-sewn. The hypothesis generated by our subgroup analysis requires confirmation by a specific, randomized trial, including only patients undergoing hand-sewn closure of the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy.Trial registration: INS-621000-0760.

PMID:38824173 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-62896-1

Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 1;14(1):12593. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63547-1.

ABSTRACT

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaves, an unutilized resource, enriched with valuable bioactive compounds. Spectral analysis of purified pentane fraction of coconut leaves revealed the presence of a squalene analog named 4,4′-diapophytofluene or in short 4,4′-DPE (C₃₀H₄₆). Pure squalene standard (PSQ) showed cytotoxicity after 8 µg/ml concentration whereas 4,4′-DPE exhibited no cytotoxic effects up to 16 µg/ml concentration. On senescence-induced WI38 cells, 4,4′-DPE displayed better percentage of cell viability (164.5% at 24 h, 159.4% at 48 h and 148% at 72 h) compared to PSQ and BSQ (bio-source squalene) with same time duration. Similar trend of result was found in HaCaT cells. SA-β-gal assay showed that number of β-galactosidase positive cells were significantly decreased in senescent cells (WI38 and HaCaT) after treated with 4,4′-DPE than PSQ, BSQ. Percentage of ROS was increased to 60% in WI38 cells after olaparib treatment. When PSQ, BSQ and 4,4′-DPE were applied separately on these oxidative-stress-induced cells for 48 h, the overall percentage of ROS was decreased to 39.3%, 45.6% and 19.3% respectively. This 4,4′-DPE was found to be more effective in inhibiting senescence by removing ROS as compared to squalene. Therefore, this 4,4′-DPE would be new potent senotherapeutic agent for pharmaceuticals and dermatological products.

PMID:38824160 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-63547-1

Transl Psychiatry. 2024 Jun 1;14(1):232. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02911-1.

ABSTRACT

The explosion and abundance of digital data could facilitate large-scale research for psychiatry and mental health. Research using so-called “real world data”-such as electronic medical/health records-can be resource-efficient, facilitate rapid hypothesis generation and testing, complement existing evidence (e.g. from trials and evidence-synthesis) and may enable a route to translate evidence into clinically effective, outcomes-driven care for patient populations that may be under-represented. However, the interpretation and processing of real-world data sources is complex because the clinically important ‘signal’ is often contained in both structured and unstructured (narrative or “free-text”) data. Techniques for extracting meaningful information (signal) from unstructured text exist and have advanced the re-use of routinely collected clinical data, but these techniques require cautious evaluation. In this paper, we survey the opportunities, risks and progress made in the use of electronic medical record (real-world) data for psychiatric research.

PMID:38824136 | DOI:10.1038/s41398-024-02911-1

Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 1;14(1):12622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62682-z.

ABSTRACT

South Africans are not accustomed to the dry arid climate and sweltering heat in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify the common health conditions pre-Hajj, during the 5 days of Hajj and on return to South Africa from Hajj amongst the 2023 pilgrims. A QR code and a mobile link to a self-administered questionnaire was sent to all 3500 South African pilgrims. Five hundred and seventy-seven pilgrims returned the completed surveys. Mean age of the participants was 48 years (SD 12) with a higher female representation (3:2). Forty eight percent (279) had pre-existing chronic conditions. Forty five percent (259) reported being ill during their stay in the Kingdom, 20% (115) reported having an illness during the main 5 days, whilst 51% (293) reported having an illness within 7 days of returning to South Africa. Only six pilgrims were admitted to hospital after their return home. Respiratory tract linked symptoms were the most frequently reported (95% pre Hajj and 99% post Hajj). Participants who reported having a chronic condition (AOR 1.52 95% CI 1.09-2.11) and engaging in independent exercising prior to Hajj (AOR 1.52-1.07-2.10) were at an increased likelihood of developing an illness within 7 days of returning home. Post travel surveillance swabs to identify potential pathogens that the returning pilgrims are incubating should be explored to guide further interventions.

PMID:38824134 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-62682-z

J Prosthet Dent. 2024 May 31:S0022-3913(24)00352-4. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.031. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The application of highly translucent multilayered zirconia ceramic in minimally invasive esthetic dentistry allows the achievement of both esthetics and strength with minimal thickness. Clinical studies that have assessed the performance of zirconia ultrathin veneers sintered with the conventional and speed procedure are lacking.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of speed sintering processes on the translucency and clinical performance of zirconia laminate veneers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four participants had their teeth restored with 32 ultratranslucent zirconia laminate veneers. Based on the zirconia sintering procedure, the participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The teeth were prepared by selective reduction over trial restorations. Zirconia veneers were milled from multilayer zirconia blanks and sintered either by speed sintering or conventional sintering as specified by the manufacturer’s recommendations. The intaglio surface of the veneers were airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm aluminum-oxide, and the veneers were then adhesively bonded to the teeth with translucent light-polymerizing resin cement. The modified California Dental Association (CDA)/Ryge criteria were used to assess participants at baseline and every 3 months for 12 months. The translucency and the color difference of the tooth before and after veneer restoration were evaluated. For statistical analysis, the Pearson chi squared test, independent t test, and paired t test were used (α=.05).

RESULTS: Translucency and color differences were significantly higher in the conventionally sintered group (P<.05). No restorations were lost. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the CDA/Ryge criteria or color parameter after follow-up intervals (P>.05). The primary qualitative changes observed at the final recall were marginal integrity and marginal discoloration. The color match and zirconia surface were rated Alfa.

CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year of follow-up, both conventional and speed sintered ultrathin zirconia laminates showed satisfactory functional, esthetic, and color stability outcomes.

PMID:38824110 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.031

J Emerg Med. 2024 Feb 17:S0736-4679(24)00027-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.02.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Asthma, the most common chronic disease of childhood, can affect a child’s physical and mental health and social and emotional development.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with emergency department (ED) return visits for asthma exacerbations within 14 days of an initial visit.

METHODS: This was a retrospective review from Cerner Real-World Data for patients aged from 5 to 18 years and seen at an ED for an asthma exacerbation and discharged home at the index ED visit. Asthma visits were defined as encounters in which a patient was diagnosed with asthma and a beta agonist, anticholinergic, or systemic steroid was ordered or prescribed at that encounter. Return visits were ED visits for asthma within 14 days of an index ED visit. Data, including demographic characteristics, ED evaluation and treatment, health care utilization, and medical history, were collected. Data were analyzed via logistic regression mixed effects model.

RESULTS: A total of 80,434 index visits and 17,443 return visits met inclusion criteria. Prior ED return visits in the past year were associated with increased odds of a return visit (odds ratio [OR] 2.12; 95% CI 2.07-2.16). History of pneumonia, a concomitant diagnosis of pneumonia, and fever were associated with increased odds of a return visit (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.29; OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.04-1.28; OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.11-1.30, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Several variables seem to be associated with statistically significant increased odds of ED return visits. These findings indicate a potentially identifiable population of at-risk patients who may benefit from additional evaluation, planning, or education prior to discharge.

PMID:38824038 | DOI:10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.02.002

Acta Vet Scand. 2024 May 31;66(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13028-024-00745-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A syndrome of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with hunting is prevalent in the drever breed, but etiology of this syndrome is currently unknown. Alveolar surfactant has a critical role in preventing alveolar collapse and edema formation. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether the predisposition to hunting associated pulmonary edema in drever dogs is associated with impaired biophysical properties of alveolar surfactant. Seven privately owned drever dogs with recurrent hunting associated pulmonary edema and seven healthy control dogs of other breeds were included in the study. All affected dogs underwent thorough clinical examinations including echocardiography, laryngeal evaluation, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as well as head, neck and thoracic computed tomography imaging to rule out other cardiorespiratory diseases potentially causing the clinical signs. Alveolar surfactant was isolated from frozen, cell-free supernatants of BAL fluid and biophysical analysis of the samples was completed using a constrained sessile drop surfactometer. Statistical comparisons over consecutive compression expansion cycles were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and comparisons of single values between groups were analyzed using T-test.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in any of the biophysical outcomes of surfactant analysis. The critical function of surfactant, reducing the surface tension to low values upon compression, was similar between healthy dogs and affected drevers.

CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of hunting associated pulmonary edema in drever dogs is not due to an underlying surfactant dysfunction.

PMID:38822358 | DOI:10.1186/s13028-024-00745-x

Cell Commun Signal. 2024 May 31;22(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01656-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is one of the most severe causes of infertility in women of childbearing age with injured endometrium secondary to uterine performance. Stem cell therapy is effective in treating damaged endometrium. The current reports mainly focus on the therapeutic effects of stem cells through paracrine or transdifferentiation, respectively. This study investigates whether paracrine or transdifferentiation occurs preferentially in treating IUA.

METHODS: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and transformed human endometrial stromal cells (THESCs) induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) were co-cultured in vitro. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Fibronectin (FN), Collagen I, Cytokeratin19 (CK19), E-cadherin (E-cad) and Vimentin were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish the IUA model. hAMSCs, hAMSCs-conditional medium (hAMSCs-CM), and GFP-labeled hAMSCs were injected into intrauterine, respectively. The fibrotic area of the endometrium was evaluated by Masson staining. The number of endometrium glands was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). GFP-labeled hAMSCs were traced by immunofluorescence (IF). hAMSCs, combined with PPCNg (hAMSCs/PPCNg), were injected into the vagina, which was compared with intrauterine injection.

RESULTS: qPCR and WB revealed that FN and Collagen I levels in IUA-THESCs decreased significantly after co-culturing with hAMSCs. Moreover, CK19, E-cad, and Vimentin expressions in hAMSCs showed no significant difference after co-culture for 2 days. 6 days after co-culture, CK19, E-cad and Vimentin expressions in hAMSCs were significantly changed. Histological assays showed increased endometrial glands and a remarkable decrease in the fibrotic area in the hAMSCs and hAMSCs-CM groups. However, these changes were not statistically different between the two groups. In vivo, fluorescence imaging revealed that GFP-hAMSCs were localized in the endometrial stroma and gradually underwent apoptosis. The effect of hAMSCs by vaginal injection was comparable to that by intrauterine injection assessed by H&E staining, MASSON staining and IHC.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that hAMSCs promoted endometrial repair via paracrine, preferentially than transdifferentiation.

PMID:38822356 | DOI:10.1186/s12964-024-01656-0

J Ovarian Res. 2024 May 31;17(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s13048-024-01443-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The 2016 Patient-Oriented Strategy Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number (POSEIDON) criteria redefined the poor responders as low prognosis patients. The embryo transfer strategy for POSEIDON patients remained to be addressed. This study aimed to investigate the optimized number of embryos to transfer for unexpected low-prognosis patients (POSEIDON Group 1 and Group 2) with blastocyst transfer in their first frozen cycle.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 2970 patients who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients from POSEIDON Group 1 (N = 219) and Group 2 (N = 135) who underwent blastocyst transfer in their first FET cycles were included and divided into the elective single embryo transfer (eSET) group and the double embryo transfer (DET) group.

RESULTS: For POSEIDON Group 1, the live birth rate per embryo transfer of the DET group was slightly higher than the eSET group (52.17% vs 46.15%, OR 0.786, 95% CI 0.462-1.337, P = 0.374; adjusted OR (aOR) 0.622, 95% CI 0.340-1.140, P = 0.124), while a significant increase of 20.00% in the multiple birth rate was shown. For Group 2, higher live birth rates were observed in the DET group compared to the eSET group (38.46% vs 20.48%, OR 0.412, 95% CI 0.190-0.892, P = 0.024; aOR 0.358, 95% CI 0.155-0.828, P = 0.016). The difference in the multiple birth rate was 20.00% without statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that age (OR 0.759, 95% CI .624-0.922, P = 0.006 and OR 0.751, 95% CI 0.605-0.932, P = 0.009) and the number of transferred embryos (OR 0.412, 95% CI 0.190-0.892, P = 0.024 and OR 0.367, 95% CI 0.161-0.840, P = 0.018) were significant variables for the live birth rate in POSEIDON Group 2.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings in the present study showed that eSET was preferred in the first frozen cycle for POSEIDON Group 1 to avoid unnecessary risks. Double embryo transfer strategy could be considered to improve the success rate for POSEIDON Group 2 with caution. Further stratification by age is needed for a more scientific discussion about the embryo transfer strategy for POSEIDON patients.

PMID:38822354 | DOI:10.1186/s13048-024-01443-y