Tag: pubmed

Eur Spine J. 2025 Jul 31. doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-09128-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Cervical Total Disc Replacement (CTDR) related periprosthetic osteolysis is inconsistently reported. The purpose of this study is to assess the previously published TDR Osteolysis Grading Scale, a quantitative classification system of CTDR-related osteolysis, and to assess its reliability and utility using Computer Tomography (CT) and X-ray imaging.

METHODS: Participants were assigned to Groups A (CT, 20 participants, 27 implants) and B (X-ray, 20 participants, 26 implants). Four blinded raters independently measured osteolytic cysts and both vertebral endplates, calculated the percentage of osteolysis and assigned osteolysis grades: Grade 0, no osteolysis; Grade 1, < 50% of 1 endplate; Grade 2, < 50% of both endplates; Grade 3, ≥ 50% of 1 endplate; Grade 4, ≥ 50% of both endplates. Inter-rater reliability and sensitivity were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Fleiss’ and Cohen’s Kappa statistics and sensitivity testing.

RESULTS: Group A had good reliability for osteolytic cyst measurements (ICC = 0.78-0.79), poor reliability for endplate measurements (ICC = 0.41-0.45) and moderate reliability for osteolysis grades (κ-coefficient = 0.42). Group B had moderate reliability for osteolytic cyst (ICC = 0.55-0.57) and endplate measurements (ICC = 0.55-0.64) and fair reliability for osteolysis grades (κ-coefficient = 0.30). Reliability between reference grades and assigned grades was moderate for Group A (κ-coefficient = 0.46-0.60) and fair for Group B (κ-coefficient = 0.08-0.35). Sensitivity was greater for high grade osteolysis (grade 3 and 4) in Group A (0.80-1) than Group B (0.17-0.50).

CONCLUSION: The TDR Osteolysis Grading Scale demonstrated good reliability and sensitivity amongst raters with CT. Implementing this tool may aid in standardising osteolysis reporting, monitoring osteolysis progression and clinical decision-making.

PMID:40745412 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-025-09128-w

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2025 Jul 31. doi: 10.1007/s11239-025-03148-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune acquired factor XIII deficiency (AiF13D) is an exceptionally rare and serious bleeding disorder. This condition may occur idiopathically or in association with comorbidities, such as malignancies or autoimmune diseases. Data comparing these distinct etiological subgroups remain limited. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of published case reports, case series, and cohort studies on AiF13D indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to December 2023. We compared the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes between patients with AiF13D associated with underlying disorders and those with idiopathic AiF13D. Our analysis revealed a higher proportion of female patients in the AiF13D group with underlying diseases compared to the idiopathic group. Statistically significant differences were observed that patients with underlying diseases exhibited slightly higher inhibitor levels and a greater frequency of Grade III bleeding events. Furthermore, fewer AiF13D patients with underlying diseases received combination therapy (prednisone plus rituximab or cyclophosphamide) compared to the idiopathic group. Additionally, this group experienced higher rates of relapse and/or mortality. Collectively, these findings indicated that AiF13D patients with underlying diseases experience more severe bleeding manifestations and poorer outcomes. Consequently, clinicians managing concomitant conditions should maintain vigilance for potential AiF13D development. Regular monitoring of FXIII activity and inhibitor titers is essential, coupled with prompt initiation of anti-inhibitor therapy when indicated.

PMID:40745406 | DOI:10.1007/s11239-025-03148-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 31;15(1):28025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14175-w.

ABSTRACT

This work introduces a hybrid computational approach in which degree-based topological descriptors are harnessed with the aid of advanced regression models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the crucial physicochemical properties of 17 drugs for the treatment of bladder cancer. Each molecule is assigned a molecular graph, from which a series of topological descriptors such as Zagreb indices, Randic index, Atom Bond Connectivity (ABC), and Symmetric Division Degree (SSD)are computed. These indices are used as input features by various regression models along with linear, cubic, and feedforward ANNs. The performance of the models is analyzed using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination [Formula: see text]. ANNs showed the best predictive performance with the [Formula: see text] value achieving 0.99. Moreover, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis was used to explain the contribution of each descriptor toward the models’ predictions. The findings validate the promise of the combination of graph-theoretic descriptors with the tools of machine learning to achieve solid and interpretable models of molecular property prediction, which hold the potential for drug discovery and optimization in oncologic applications.

PMID:40745380 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-14175-w

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 31;15(1):27918. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13817-3.

ABSTRACT

Dynamic knee valgus (DKV), commonly observed during functional movements, is recognized as a key biomechanical factor contributing to the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Given its importance in injury prevention, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a warm-up program on jump-landing pattern and lumbopelvic function in female basketball players exhibiting dynamic knee valgus. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design. Thirty female basketball players with DKV were screened using the single-leg landing (SLL) test and subsequently randomized into control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. The jump-landing test was utilized to assess the jump-landing pattern, whereas the forward step-down (FSD) test was implemented to evaluate lumbopelvic function. The experimental group participated in the STOP-X warm-up program over 8 weeks, whereas the control group continued with their traditional warm-up routine. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26. The results revealed significant differences in maximum flexion (F = 20.73; P = 0.001; effect size (ES) = 0.42, percentage change (PC) = ↑4.48%), initial valgus (F = 90.12; P = 0.001; ES = 0.76, PC = ↓32.56%), maximum valgus (F = 151.6; P = 0.001; ES = 0.84, PC = ↓52.86%), and FSD (F = 22.82; P = 0.001; ES = 0.44, PC = ↓51.45%) in the experimental group compared to the control group after following the STOP-X warm-up program. However, no significant impact was observed for the initial flexion (P = 0.49, ES = 0.01) variable. Implementing the warm-up injury prevention program significantly improves jump-landing pattern and optimizes lumbopelvic function. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches incorporate this program in place of traditional basketball warm-up routines. Such an approach may enhance athletic performance while reducing the risk of knee injuries associated with improper landing techniques.Trial registration No: IRCT20231230060574N1, (date of registration on 04/01/2024) registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.

PMID:40745375 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13817-3

Commun Med (Lond). 2025 Jul 31;5(1):326. doi: 10.1038/s43856-025-01059-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Clinical and genetic studies have implicated lipid dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis. While the etiologic impact of lipid intake on individuals is receiving attention, the role of food systems in shaping community-level incidence remains uncharacterized.

METHODS: Mean country-level lipid intakes were compared to Age-Standardized Alzheimer-and-other-Dementia Incidence Rates (ASAIR) in 183 countries across all inhabited continents. Free-knot penalized spline regression and multivariable-adjusted linear regression, including a lag between intake and incidence, were used to assess the relationships between five lipid intakes and ASAIR. Validation was conducted using longitudinal within-country changes between 1990 and 2019.

RESULTS: Here we show that omega-6 Polyunsaturated-Fatty-Acid (omega-6) intake exhibits a positive linear relationship with ASAIR (multivariable-adjusted model: β = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.19; p = 1.38 × 10^-9). ASAIR also increases with saturated-fat, trans-fat, and dietary-cholesterol up to a threshold. The association between omega6-PUFA and ASAIR is confirmed using longitudinal intake changes. The scale of predicted benefits varies by country but, our results predict a 2 standard deviation decrease (-3.8% as a percent of daily energy intake) in omega-6 intake would reduce ASAIR by 8% in the US. This level of consumption has already been achieved in 20 countries. If our other findings are validated in future work, decreasing all four lipids could potentially yield large ASAIR reductions (in the US: a 35% decrease).

CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of omega-6 consumption associate with increased ASAIR. Thus, decreasing omega-6 consumption on the country-level may have substantial benefits in reducing the burden of dementia.

PMID:40745374 | DOI:10.1038/s43856-025-01059-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27830. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13599-8.

ABSTRACT

Delay discounting (DD), the preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones, is a key measure of temporal impulsivity. While its link to behavioral self-regulation is well-studied, the relationship with emotional self-regulation is less understood. This study explored this relationship and its neuroanatomical mediators in the brain’s reward system. We administered the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and a DD task to 155 young adult college students and collected structural MRI data. Our data revealed that greater use of cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy was significantly associated with lower DD rates (i.e., reduced temporal impulsivity). No such relationship was found for expressive suppression. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that higher cognitive reappraisal scores were associated with lower gray matter volume in the left ventral striatum, which in turn predicted lower DD. While the pattern of results is statistically consistent with full mediation, the cross-sectional nature of our data precludes causal inference. In conclusion, these results identify a novel neuroanatomical mechanism for temporal impulsivity. They suggest that cognitive reappraisal helps control impulsive choice and the process is mediated by the ventral striatum. This may provide a useful biomarker for developing interventions to improve self-control.

PMID:40745372 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13599-8

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 31;15(1):27940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11992-x.

ABSTRACT

Rainfall erosivity is a key dynamic factor of water erosion estimation, with a significant spatial and temporal variation. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns and monthly distribution of rainfall erosivity across India, using data from 261 hourly and 2,525 monthly rainfall stations covering the period from 1969 to 2021. In India, monthly rainfall erosivity and related attributes-such as the kinetic energy of erosive rainfall, the number of erosive events, and peak hourly rainfall intensity-have been systematically examined for the first time. Monthly erosivity estimates derived from hourly data were linked with monthly rainfall, enabling a simplified and efficient estimation approach. To predict monthly erosivity based on rainfall, temperature, and topographic variables, we developed and evaluated three modeling approaches: linear regression, a machine learning-based XGBoost model, and an ensemble model. XGBoost outperformed the others, achieving a median coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.97, while the ensemble model also performed well with a median R² of 0.96. Additionally, a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) approach was applied for spatial interpolation, yielding accurate high-resolution erosivity maps with a median R² of 0.90. The results also demonstrate that erosivity peaks during the summer monsoon months (June to September), with July exhibiting the highest value due to intense rainfall and high kinetic energy. Notably, the analysis revealed that nearly 32% of India experiences monthly erosivity exceeding 2,000 MJ mm ha^-1 h^-1 month^-1 in July alone. In contrast, non-monsoon months showed considerably lower erosivity levels across most of the country. A statistically significant long-term increase was detected in January, with an average rise of +0.86 MJ mm ha^-1 h^-1 month^-1 in total erosivity and + 0.1 mm h^-1 in maximum 60-min rainfall intensity annually. While acknowledging certain limitations, this study provides valuable insights into erosive rainfall characteristics, enhances rain-driven erosion assessment, and supports the development of timely and location-specific soil conservation strategies across India.

PMID:40745366 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11992-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 31;15(1):28014. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13434-0.

ABSTRACT

As the sixth complication of diabetes, periodontitis interacts with diabetes to form a vicious circle. Periodontal health interventions can improve periodontal health and the quality of life in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to explore the effect of periodontal health interventions based on the Pender Health Promotion Model on periodontal outcome index and quality of life in this patient population. This randomized controlled trial enrolled 108 patients with T2DM from the endocrine and metabolism department of a tertiary hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The control group received routine diabetes health education and periodontal health-related knowledge education, they were general diabetes management and standard dental hygiene instructions. While the experimental group underwent a periodontal health intervention program in addition to the routine health interventions, it focuses on a combination of individualized and targeted comprehensive assessments, professional training, patient education, and behavioral interventions. Relevant outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. The main outcomes were oral hygiene-related measures, including dental plaque, debris and calculus conditions, the secondary outcomes included subjective assessment of oral health and self-assessment of knowledge, attitude and behavior. Demographic questionnaires, Plaque Index (PLI), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), Periodontal Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Questionnaire, as well as the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) (including Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) and the Calculus Index-Simplified (CI-S)) were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and SPSS software version 27. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Following the intervention, significant differences were identified between the groups in PLI, OHI-S, and Periodontal Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in GOHAI scores between the groups (P > 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can effectively prevent the occurrence or progression of periodontitis, as well as enhance periodontal health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors while positively impacting the oral health index and quality of life of older patients with T2DM. This approach holds significant value in medical practice and provides strong support for the widespread promotion of periodontal health maintenance strategies.

PMID:40745361 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13434-0

Neurol Res Pract. 2025 Jul 31;7(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s42466-025-00406-y.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Strokes are often accompanied by physical and cognitive impairments affecting driving safety. After the recommended period of abstinence from driving, the patient must decide whether his or her driving safety is still impaired, which requires a valid self-assessment of the own driving skills. At present, it is uncertain whether stroke survivors are able to provide a valid self-assessment.

METHODS: 12 stroke patients and 17 healthy controls participated in this prospective longitudinal on-road study. All participants underwent repeated neuropsychological and standardized on-road assessment at 4-month intervals (2 and 6 months after the stroke in the patient group). Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA, group comparisons and correlation analyses.

RESULTS: Our results revealed that in stroke survivors compared to healthy drivers, the validity of self-assessment (VSA) of the own on-road driving performance is impaired in the direction of overestimation (at both time points). In addition, the VSA of stroke survivors at second time point correlated with driving-relevant cognitive and non-cognitive measures.

DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that the VSA of the own driving competence is impaired after stroke. Other than expected, the differences between stroke survivors and healthy drivers did not disappear within the 4-months-interval. Consequently, an impaired VSA in stroke survivors must be considered before deciding to let them drive again.

PMID:40745347 | DOI:10.1186/s42466-025-00406-y

Arch Public Health. 2025 Jul 31;83(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01687-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This quantitative study engaged volunteer participants and a scavenger hunt application with the purpose of collecting photographic data of the breadth and scope of violations of the World Health Organization’s Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (“the Code”) and subsequent World Health Assembly Resolutions, in four industrialized countries- the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). These four countries do not have or do not adequately enforce their related polices or laws. A secondary goal was to provide evidence to inform national strategic planning efforts related to the marketing practices of manufacturers and distributors of breast-milk substitutes (BMS).

METHODS: Participants had to be residents of either the U.S., Australia, Canada or the U.K., and had to be 18 years old at minimum. They were recruited via social media, conference attendance and professional networks. Participants completed a demographic survey and downloaded the scavenger hunt application onto their mobile devices. The application directed participants to fulfill as many of the thirty total “missions,” which were provided by the research team, by uploading photographic evidence of images that they believed were examples of breaches of the Code. Data collection occurred from July 19, 2023 through July 31, 2024. The research team assessed, recategorized and calculated the numbers of participant submissions after the data collection phase. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was utilized to conduct descriptive statistics, including Pearson’s chi-squared and residuals.

RESULTS: In total, 738 individuals were eligible and consented to participation in the study. Of those individuals, 323 continued on to the scavenger hunt application. After evaluation by the research team to assess if participant submissions were submitted under the appropriate “mission” within the application, and then if their submission qualified as a true violation of the Code, 138 submitted violations were verified and included in the analysis. Key findings include the prevalence of digital marketing violations across all four countries, false, unsubstantiated marketing claims on BMS, a lack of key instructions on the preparation, handling and storage on labels of infant formula products and the marketing violations of BMS in healthcare facilities.

CONCLUSIONS: Breaches of the Code are prevalent across the U.S., the U.K., Australia and Canada and expose the public to misleading marketing tactics. To safeguard breastfeeding from exploitative digital marketing practices, countries must legislate the Code into national law and commit to its implementation through advocacy, policy and enactment.

PMID:40745340 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01687-0