Tag: pubmed

J Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Mar 28:13872877251328712. doi: 10.1177/13872877251328712. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundMild behavioral impairment is a neurobehavioral symptom characterized by the onset of a new and persistent neuropsychiatric syndrome. Patients with co-occurring mild behavioral impairment and mild cognitive impairment have the relatively highest probability of developing dementia than sick mild behavioral impairment or mild cognitive impairment alone.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the currently available best estimate of mild behavioral impairment prevalence and clarify the reasons for the difference in estimates.MethodsData were retrieved and collected from five electronic databases. Two reviewers independently appraised the methodological quality of included studies. Heterogeneity was assessed by using the I² statistic and random effects models were employed. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. All statistical analyses were conducted by Stata.ResultsA total of 23 reports involving 5397 participants were included in this systematic review. The pooled effect size for the overall mild behavioral impairment was 52% (95%CI 42-62%). In the subgroup analysis and regression analysis, we found that study type, study area, assessment tools, and study subject gender could explain part of the source of heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe results of this review suggest that 52% with mild cognitive impairment combined with mild behavioral impairment; there is a close relationship between the two. Future studies should pay more attention to the underlying mechanism between the two and provide a more scientific basis for early discrimination of clinical dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

PMID:40151921 | DOI:10.1177/13872877251328712

Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2025 Jan-Dec;24:15330338251330781. doi: 10.1177/15330338251330781. Epub 2025 Mar 28.

ABSTRACT

PurposeTo compare the dosimetry and biological risk of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), helical tomotherapy (HT) and cyberKnife (CK) in the treatment of lung oligometastases.Methods and materialsThis retrospective study included a cohort of 21 lung oligometastasis patients, each with 2 or 3 lesions, who had previously undergone stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). VMAT, HT and CK plans were made for each patient. The dose distribution of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated. Three biological risks were evaluated, namely radiation pneumonitis (RP), coronary artery disease (CAD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Monitor Units (MUs) and beam-on-time were also recorded.ResultsAll techniques were able to produce clinically deliverable plans. The expected biological risks for VMAT plans, CK plans, and HT plans were 6.69%, 5.05%, 5.88% for RP, 1.20%, 1.15%, and 1.17% for CAD, 1.26%, 1.19%, and 1.22% for CHF. The expected risks of RP were slightly lower in CK plans compared to VMAT and HT plans (p < 0.001), with VMAT plans showing the highest expected risks. For central lung cancer, the expected CAD risks of CK and HT plans were lower than those of VMAT plans (p < 0.05). The delivery efficiency of VMAT plans was significantly higher than that of CK plans and HT plans.ConclusionsAll three techniques, VMAT, HT, and CK, meet the therapeutic requirements for target coverage and dose constraints for OARs. Although there are statistical differences, the difference between the expected risk values of RP and CAD is very small, so the clinical manifestations may not show differences.

PMID:40151878 | DOI:10.1177/15330338251330781

Anatol J Cardiol. 2025 Mar 28. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2025.5105. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study addresses a topic that has been explored globally but has not yet been investigated in the Türkiye. Considering that all diseases and treatments may vary due to genetic diversity, the aim is to examine the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and COVID-19 disease on heart conditions in patients in the Türkiye.

METHODS: A total of 1935 patients who underwent angiography were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were provided in terms of numbers and percentages, as well as means and SD.

RESULTS: There was no relationship found between the occurrence of COVID-19 at any time before data collection and the presence of severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, there was no relationship found between the time elapsed between COVID-19 infection and angiography and the presence of severe CAD among individuals who underwent angiography at a later date (n = 689). Between November 2021 and May 2022 (fifth 6 months) and May 2022 and November 2022 (sixth 6 months), the rates of severe CAD in angiograms conducted compared to the baseline were higher. There was no significant relationship found between the number of doses of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine received and the risk of developing severe CAD (P = .139). Similarly, there was no significant relationship found between the number of doses of inactivated vaccine received and the risk of developing severe CAD (P = .382).

CONCLUSION: In the long term, neither infection nor vaccination increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, regardless of the time elapsed since the COVID-19 infection or the type of vaccination received.

PMID:40151843 | DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2025.5105

Int J Rheumatol. 2024 Jul 23;2024:8877237. doi: 10.1155/2024/8877237. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: DISH is a systemic condition characterized by ligamentous ossification of at least four contiguous thoracic vertebrae. Prior studies have shown an association between DISH and cardiovascular morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between DISH, cardiovascular risk factors, and MACE (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and CV mortality) in patients who underwent coronary angiography between 5/2014 and 4/2015 in Ha’Emek Medical Center through 7 years of retrospective follow-up.

METHODS: Two cohorts were studied retrospectively and were defined according to the status of the coronary artery as diagnosed in angiography at enrolment (obstructive vs. nonobstructive coronary heart disease). For the retrospective analysis, we added the status of DISH (according to Resnick’s criteria) and defined four cohorts as follows: CHD and DISH (group 1), CHD and no DISH (group 2), no CHD and DISH (group 3), and no CHD and no DISH (group 4). The four groups were followed up retrospectively for a median period of 7 years. Association between DISH and cardiovascular outcomes was studied.

RESULTS: 198 patients were included in the study. 100 of them had CHD, and 98 were without significant CHD. At enrolment, DISH was present in 44 patients of CHD group and in 35 of non-CHD (p = 0.28 age and sex adjusted). Through the follow-up period, the presence of DISH was not found to be associated with death from any cause, cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, and MACE. Within the group of non-CHD, there were two additional MI events in DISH (group 3) which was found to be statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Among patients with high burden of cardiovascular risk factors undergoing coronary angiography, the presence of DISH was not associated with an increased incidence of MACE.

PMID:40151826 | PMC:PMC11949591 | DOI:10.1155/2024/8877237

Telemed Rep. 2025 Feb 13;6(1):50-57. doi: 10.1089/tmr.2024.0088. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increasing intensivist shortages and demand, coupled with the escalating bed occupancy rate due to increased demand for neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), have created enthusiasm for tele-critical care (TCC) in the form of teleconsultations. Consequently, this study aimed to describe the role of TCC intervention in enhancing NICU capacity to manage discharge, bed occupancy, and neonatal mortality rates.

METHODS: This was an uncontrolled, retrospective, interventional descriptive study conducted over 22 months from January 2021 to October 2022 in a public hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. We employed the scheduled care model of TCC, in which an intensivist provides daily rounds, overnight calls, and critical care consultations upon request. Real-time outcomes, including mortality, discharge, and bed occupancy rates, were monitored in real-time by the National Healthcare Command Center.

RESULTS: Implementing the TCC program was associated with an overall reduction of 10.7% in the neonatal mortality rate from 10.3 to 9.2 deaths per 1000 live births. The discharge rate increased from 0% in the early months of the TCC application to 34.12% after 4 months of application despite the increased bed occupancy rate. The study revealed no statistically significant difference in mortality rates between the means of pre- and post-TCC (M = 9.74, SD = 4.32), (M = 10.28, SD = 7.99) respectively, p = 0.856 with a 95% confidence interval of -5.58 to 6.66.

CONCLUSIONS: TCC in virtual scheduled consultations with a real-time dashboard was proven successful in controlling neonatal mortality and discharge rates. Further studies are required with extended follow-up periods and involving parameters such as the acceptance of physicians, long-term effects beyond the NICU, and the impact of TCC on logistics and resources.

PMID:40151791 | PMC:PMC11947632 | DOI:10.1089/tmr.2024.0088

Int J Popul Data Sci. 2024 Jun 6;8(6):2392. doi: 10.23889/ijpds.v8i6.2392. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Sibling dynamics play a crucial role in individual development, health and wellbeing. We established a national birth cohort using administrative health, education and social care data in England featuring clusters of mothers and their children (mothers and only-children, MoC; and mothers and siblings, MSib).

METHODS: From 13.6 million mother-baby pairs from births between April 1997 and January 2022 captured in Hospital Episode Statistics in England, we identified MoC and MSib clusters by identifying livebirths linked to the same mother. We compared only-children and children with siblings, by ethnicity, sociodemographic variables, and birth characteristics. We calculated birth intervals for children with siblings.

RESULTS: We identified 4,086,648 MoC and 3,957,856 MSib clusters. Compared with only-children, children with siblings were more likely to be Asian, live in more deprived areas, and have younger mothers, but were less likely to be overdue births (>=42 weeks), or to have very low birth weight (<1500g). Children with siblings were also less likely to have been admitted to special neonatal care after birth compared to only-children. Among the MSib clusters, sibship sizes varied between 2 and 15, with a mean of 2.4 children per mother. The median birth interval was 3.0 years.

CONCLUSION: This national cohort ECHILD-oCSib of 4.1 million MoC and 4.0 million MSib clusters in England is an important resource for investigating the effects of maternal exposures, sibling dynamics and their interplay on individual development, health and wellbeing. Potential sources of bias should be considered in analyses of these data.

KEY FEATURES: We derived a national cohort of 4.1 million clusters of mothers and only-children and 4.0 million clusters of mothers and siblings using administrative health, education and social care data in England.Compared with only-children, children with siblings were more likely to be Asian, live in more deprived areas, and have younger mothers, but less likely to be overdue births (>=42 weeks of gestation), or to have very low birth weight (<1500 g).Among children with siblings, sibship sizes varied between 2 and 15, with a mean of 2.4 children per mother (median = 2.0). The median birth interval was 3.0 years.The cohort is linked to longitudinal administrative data on health, education and social care use, and provides a valuable opportunity to investigate the effects of maternal factors, sibling dynamics, and their interaction on children development, health, education and wellbeing.The data can be accessed as part of ECHILD database.

PMID:40151762 | PMC:PMC11949256 | DOI:10.23889/ijpds.v8i6.2392

Cureus. 2025 Feb 24;17(2):e79595. doi: 10.7759/cureus.79595. eCollection 2025 Feb.

ABSTRACT

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, perceptions, and barriers associated with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) implementation among perioperative clinicians. Methods This cross-sectional study included responses from 214 perioperative clinicians, comprising surgeons and anesthesiologists involved in abdominal surgeries, from tertiary care hospitals in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire collected data on participants’ knowledge of ERAS protocols, perceived barriers to implementation, and learning preferences. Responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with significance set at p<0.05. Results This study included 214 perioperative clinicians, predominantly residents (91.6%, n=196), from surgery (90.2%, n=193) and anesthesiology (9.8%, n=21) departments. Knowledge about ERAS protocols was limited, with 89 (41.6%) of respondents stating they knew nothing and 97 (45.3%) reporting very little or some familiarity. Perceived barriers included lack of institutional support, time constraints, and insufficient research. Most participants, 145 (67.8%), supported integrating ERAS education into formal training, with 92 (42.9%) favoring seminars or lectures and 79 (36.9%) preferring journal articles for learning. Perceptions of ERAS importance were generally positive, but significant differences were noted regarding hospital administration support (p=0.013). Conclusion This study identifies significant gaps in ERAS knowledge among perioperative clinicians, particularly among residents, and highlights perceived logistical barriers to its implementation. However, the findings are limited by the underrepresentation of consultants and anesthesiologists, who are key drivers of ERAS programs. The findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions, stronger institutional support, and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve ERAS adoption.

PMID:40151758 | PMC:PMC11947496 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.79595

Cureus. 2025 Feb 24;17(2):e79594. doi: 10.7759/cureus.79594. eCollection 2025 Feb.

ABSTRACT

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition in which airflow limitation becomes irreversible over time, often resulting from long-term exposure to environmental pollutants, harmful particles, smoke, and biomass fuel. Beyond FEV1, identifying a more specific biomarker to predict COPD progression remains a challenge. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) expression increases in the respiratory epithelial cells of COPD patients. This study aimed to evaluate serum suPAR levels across different grades of stable COPD patients. Methods Two hundred stable COPD patients (148 males and 52 females) were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Blood samples were collected, and serum suPAR levels were measured in all participants. Results Serum suPAR levels were elevated in COPD patients at Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages IV and III (6.38 ± 0.05 ng/ml and 5.82 ± 0.18 ng/ml, respectively) compared to those at GOLD stages II and I (5.15 ± 0.25 ng/ml and 4.17 ± 0.29 ng/ml). A one-way ANOVA confirmed that the differences between groups were statistically significant (F = 428.83, p < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that serum suPAR levels can serve as a diagnostic marker for COPD. As low-grade pulmonary inflammation increases with disease severity, suPAR levels also rise. Additionally, this marker may be useful for monitoring the prognosis of stable COPD and assessing treatment response.

PMID:40151757 | PMC:PMC11947502 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.79594

Global Spine J. 2025 Mar 27:21925682251331462. doi: 10.1177/21925682251331462. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Study DesignRetrospective study.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) treated with one-level Direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF) in combination with minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) and percutaneous facet joint fixation (PFJF).MethodsThis retrospective single-center study included 98 patients (67 men, 31 women) aged 28 to 59 years with one level lumbar DDD with foraminal and central stenosis, were divided into groups after DLIF: PPSF (n = 50) and PFJF (n = 48). Intraoperative parameters, perioperative clinical data and radiological assessment with X-ray, MRI and CT were used before operation and mean 45-month follow-up. Workload intensity criteria were used to analyze return to work rate.ResultsThe DLIF-PFJF group had significantly shorter surgery time (P = .04), duration of anesthesia (P = .02), X-ray time (P = .02), less back pain (P = .03), better functional status according to ODI (P = .04) and SF-36 PCS (P = .04), less atrophic changes in the multifidus muscle compared with DLIF-PPSF. There were no statistically significant differences in the volume of blood loss, duration of inpatient treatment, VAS leg pain, SF-36 MCS, Macnab results, mean disc height, intervertebral foramen height, sagittal disc angle, global lumbar lordosis, fusion rate, and the number of complications. In heavy/very heavy workload patients, the DLIF-PFJF had a statistically significantly higher rate of return to work compared to the DLIF-PPSF group.ConclusionsDLIF-PFJF appears to be superior to DLIF-PPSF, minimizing invasiveness, which significantly reduces the damage to the paraspinal muscles and also has significant long-term clinical advantages and return to work rates. Both minimally invasive techniques have comparable radiographic parameters, including the height of the intervertebral foramen and disc, fusion rates, global and segmental sagittal correction after surgery.

PMID:40148253 | DOI:10.1177/21925682251331462

J Diabetes. 2025 Apr;17(4):e70080. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.70080.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young resulting from mutations of the NEUROD1 gene (NEUROD1-MODY) is a rare form of diabetes and has not been well studied. We aimed to estimate its prevalence in Chinese patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (EOD) and summarize its clinical and genetic characteristics.

METHODS: We performed next-generation sequencing in 679 patients with EOD to screen rare variants in NEUROD1 exons and evaluated the effects of variants using in vitro experiments. All the reported NEUROD1-MODY cases were reviewed. Patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were diagnosed with NEUROD1-MODY according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.

RESULTS: Four rare variants were identified in 679 patients with EOD, but only P197H decreased the transcriptional activity in in vitro functional assays to an extent comparable to the well-known mutation causing NEUROD1-MODY. Its frequency was pretty higher in the European population (0.024) than that in the East Asian population (0.00034) according to the gnomAD database. Twenty-eight previously reported patients could be confirmed as diagnosed. The patients in Asia had a lower body mass index and a higher rate of ketosis compared with Caucasians, and the mutations present in Asia often occurred in the transactivation domain. Neurological abnormalities were observed in 10.7% of the patients with NEUROD1-MODY.

CONCLUSIONS: NEUROD1-MODY in Chinese patients with EOD is not common (≤ 0.15%). The P197H might account for MODY in Chinese with a higher penetrance than Caucasian and needs further exploration. The possible differences of phenotypes exist between the two ethnic populations.

PMID:40148250 | DOI:10.1111/1753-0407.70080