Tag: pubmed

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2024 May 4. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.15577. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer in low- and middle-income countries, despite being preventable. Uganda, which lacks an effective screening program, has one of the highest global cervical cancer incidence rates. Mobile health (mHealth) technology has the potential to improve healthcare-seeking behaviors and access. The present study describes the connection between mobile phone access and healthcare-seeking behaviors in rural Uganda.

METHODS: Women were eligible for this cross-sectional study if they had no prior screening or treatment for cervical cancer in the past 5 years, were aged 30 to 49 years old, and were residents of the South Busoga Forest reserve. Survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

RESULTS: Of the 1434 participants included in the analysis, 91.4% reported having access to a mobile phone. Most respondents were aged 30-40 years, had a partner, had ≤primary education, and were farmers. Participants with mobile phone access were significantly more likely to report attending a healthcare outreach visit (access = 87.3%, no access = 72.6%, P < 0.001) or visiting a health center (access = 96.9%, no access = 93.5%, P < 0.001). Participants in both groups had largely positive attitudes around and good knowledge of cervical cancer screening.

CONCLUSION: While attendance to healthcare services was high amongst participants, those with mobile phone access were more likely to seek healthcare services. Further inquiry into this association between mobile phone access and healthcare-seeking behavior is needed to optimize the improvements to cervical cancer screening when implementing interventions such as mHealth technology.

PMID:38702957 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.15577

Pediatr Transplant. 2024 Jun;28(4):e14777. doi: 10.1111/petr.14777.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients experience increased rates of rejection and graft loss surrounding the time of health care transition, in part due to poor medication adherence. This study aims to examine the impact of a once-daily formulation of tacrolimus, LCP-tacrolimus (LCPT), on medication adherence for AYA SOT patients.

METHODS: A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed for all patients who underwent SOT and were prescribed LCPT after the age of 12 at our single-center pediatric hospital. Medication adherence was assessed via provider documentation and the medication level variability index (MLVI).

RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were prescribed LCPT as part of their immunosuppression regimen. Twenty patients were converted to LCPT from immediate-acting (IR) tacrolimus; six patients were initiated immediately following transplant, and three patients were unable to receive LCPT due to insurance denial. There was a numeric improvement in medication adherence for converted patients when measured by provider assessment (45.0% vs. 68.4%, p = .140) and MLVI (40.0% vs. 71.4%, p = .276), though these did not reach statistical significance. There were no differences in episodes of rejection or adverse effects. LCPT prescription was not associated with decreased medication burden, and two patients transitioned back to IR tacrolimus due to increased cost.

CONCLUSIONS: LCPT use did not significantly improve patient adherence; however, it resulted in numerically higher perceived and measured adherence rates. LCPT appears to be safe and effective in the management of SOT recipients; however, it may not affect pill burden and may result in a higher financial burden. Use may be considered for a select group of AYA SOT recipients.

PMID:38702932 | DOI:10.1111/petr.14777

Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2024 May 3. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.1407. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Atogepant, an oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, is approved for the preventive treatment of migraine. Atogepant is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein, organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters, and cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and 2D6. Quinidine is a strong P-gp and CYP2D6 inhibitor. A phase 1 open-label study evaluated the effect of P-gp and CYP2D6 inhibition by quinidine on the pharmacokinetics of atogepant, and the safety and tolerability of atogepant and quinidine gluconate (QG) when co-administered and when given alone in 33 healthy adults. There was no significant change in the atogepant maximum plasma concentration with QG co-administration. The overall systemic exposure, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (from time 0 to time t or to infinity), of atogepant increased by 25% when co-administered with QG. However, such an increase was not considered clinically relevant. Atogepant did not alter the mean plasma concentration of quinidine at steady state. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was highest when QG was administered alone (42.4%), which was primarily due to QT prolongation. Most TEAEs reported were mild in severity and resolved within 1-2 days. Co-administration of atogepant with QG did not result in any unexpected tolerability findings in this phase 1 study in healthy participants. The increase in atogepant exposure during QG co-administration could be due to inhibition of CYP2D6 (a minor contributor to atogepant clearance) as well as inhibition of P-gp.

PMID:38702918 | DOI:10.1002/cpdd.1407

J Sci Food Agric. 2024 May 3. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13563. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine how various amounts (0.00, 0.58, 1.52 and 4.50 g 100 g^-1) of wine lees (WL), which contains numerous essential components, impact the emulsifying properties of fish gelatin (FG) at a low concentration (0.5 g 100 g^-1) in the high-fat phase (65 g 100 g^-1). This study conducted rheology, physicochemical technical and characterization analyses on the emulsions to provide sustainable and innovative approaches for spreadable oils.

RESULTS: The addition of WL to FG emulsions improved oxidative stability, emulsion stability and bioactive compounds. The zeta potential (-101 ± 5.62 mV) of 0.58 g 100 g^-1 WL-containing emulsion (PE1) was found to be high, whereas particle size (347.6 ± 5.25 nm) and polydispersity index (0.50) were statistically low. It was also found that the addition of WL improved the intermolecular interactions, crystallinity and microstructural properties of the emulsions. All these results were supported by simulating the molecular configuration between FG and WL. The compounds gallic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin and resveratrol showed a strong affinity to FG, with free binding energies of -5.50, -5.88, -6.53, -6.68 and -6.66 kcal mol^-1, respectively.

CONCLUSION: As a result, WL-supported FG has the potential to be used as an alternative to egg proteins to develop sustainable low-cost spreadable emulsions. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID:38702916 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.13563

Anat Histol Embryol. 2024 May;53(3):e13047. doi: 10.1111/ahe.13047.

ABSTRACT

Sheep (Ovis aries) play an important role in the economy of Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula due to their use in farming. As a domesticated species, sheep’s morphometric and morphological diversity is likely determined by selective breeding practices rather than geographic distribution. This study aimed to analyse four different sheep breed skulls and reveal skull asymmetry using geometric morphometric methods. For this purpose, 2D images of 52 sheep skulls from different breeds were analysed from the dorsal view of the skull, using 28 landmarks. In the comparison of sheep skulls from the dorsal view, the first principal components for directional asymmetry (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) were 32.98% and 39.62% of the total variation, respectively. Sharri and Ivesi (Awassi) sheep breeds had the broadest distribution of skull shapes among the breeds, while Lara e Polisit was the most conservative breed. DA was used as a measure of biomechanical constraints, and FA was used as an indicator of environmental stress. Consistent with DA, both differences in centroid size and shape between breeds were statistically significant. No differences between males and females related to asymmetry were revealed. Ivesi sheep revealed the highest fluctuating asymmetry. Geometric morphometric methods proved to be a useful tool for distinguishing differences in the shape of the skull of different sheep breeds and also can be useful for taxonomic purposes.

PMID:38702894 | DOI:10.1111/ahe.13047

Anal Chem. 2024 May 3. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04868. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Adsorption of a biofouling layer on the surface of biosensors decreases the electrochemical activity and hence shortens the service life of biosensors, particularly implantable and wearable biosensors. Real-time quantification of the loss of activity is important for in situ assessment of performance while presenting an opportunity to compensate for the loss of activity and recalibrate the sensor to extend the service life. Here, we introduce an electrochemical noise measurement technique as a tool for the quantification of the formation of a biofouling layer on the surface of gold. The technique uniquely affords thermodynamic and kinetic information without applying an external bias (potential and/or current), hence allowing the system to be appraised in its innate state. The technique relies on the analysis of non-faradaic current and potential fluctuations that are intrinsically generated by the interaction of charged species at the electrode surface, i.e., gold. An analytical model is extended to explain the significance of parameters drawn from statistical analysis of the noise signal. This concept is then examined in buffered media in the presence of albumin, a common protein in the blood and a known source of a fouling layer in biological systems. Results indicate that the statistical analysis of the noise signal can quantify the loss of electrochemical activity, which is also corroborated by impedance spectroscopy as a complementary technique.

PMID:38702865 | DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04868

Int J Biostat. 2024 May 6. doi: 10.1515/ijb-2024-0013. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38702859 | DOI:10.1515/ijb-2024-0013

J Public Health (Oxf). 2024 May 3:fdae058. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae058. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 caused widespread disruptions to health services worldwide, including reductions in elective surgery. Tooth extractions are among the most common reasons for elective surgery among children and young people (CYP). It is unclear how COVID-19 affected elective dental surgeries in hospitals over multiple pandemic waves at a national level.

METHODS: Elective dental tooth extraction admissions were selected using Hospital Episode Statistics. Admission trends for the first 14 pandemic months were compared with the previous five years and results were stratified by age (under-11s, 11-16s, 17-24s).

RESULTS: The most socioeconomically deprived CYP comprised the largest proportion of elective dental tooth extraction admissions. In April 2020, admissions dropped by >95%. In absolute terms, the biggest reduction was in April (11-16s: -1339 admissions, 95% CI -1411 to -1267; 17-24s: -1600, -1678 to -1521) and May 2020 (under-11s: -2857, -2962 to -2752). Admissions differed by socioeconomic deprivation for the under-11s (P < 0.0001), driven by fewer admissions than expected by the most deprived and more by the most affluent during the pandemic.

CONCLUSION: Elective tooth extractions dropped most in April 2020, remaining below pre-pandemic levels throughout the study. Despite being the most likely to be admitted, the most deprived under-11s had the largest reductions in admissions relative to other groups.

PMID:38702840 | DOI:10.1093/pubmed/fdae058

Implement Sci Commun. 2024 May 3;5(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00585-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Practitioners’ enrollment, adherence, and retention rates influence estimates of effectiveness in knowledge translation (KT) studies and remain important concerns for implementation researchers. This review aimed to systematically summarize the current evidence on feasibility measures as gauged by enrollment, adherence, and retention rates in KT evaluation studies targeting rehabilitation practitioners treating musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

METHODS: We searched five electronic databases from the inception to October 2022. We included KT studies that 1) had designs recommended by the Effective Practice and Organisation of Care, 2) targeted rehabilitation practitioners managing patients with MSDs, 3) delivered KT interventions according to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change classification, and 4) reported on the feasibility measures (e.g., enrollment, adherence, and retention). Descriptive statistics were conducted to report on study-, practitioners- and intervention-related factors influencing enrollment, adherence, and retention rates. Meta-regression weighted by the sample size of included studies was used to estimate the effect of factors on overall enrollment, adherence, and retention rates.

RESULTS: Findings from 33 KT studies reported weighted enrolment, adherence, and retention rate of 82% (range: 32%-100%), 74% (range: 44%-100%), and 65% (range: 36%-100%) respectively for both intervention and control groups. Factors positively influencing enrollment, adherence, and retention rates included designing short study period with short duration intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: Intense (e.g., high frequency, short duration) single KT intervention was more appealing for practitioners. Future evaluation studies should clearly report follow-up data, and practitioners’ prior training, Results may not apply to non-MSD healthcare providers.

PMID:38702833 | DOI:10.1186/s43058-024-00585-w

World J Surg Oncol. 2024 May 3;22(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12957-024-03398-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: REBOA is a method used to manage bleeding during surgery involving sacropelvic tumors. Nevertheless, studies on the use of REBOA among elderly people are lacking. The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Zone III REBOA in patients aged more than 70 years.

METHODS: A comparative study was conducted using case-control methods. A group of patients, referred to as Group A, who were younger than 70 years was identified and paired with a comparable group of patients, known as Group B, who were older than 70 years. Continuous monitoring of physiological parameters was conducted, and blood samples were collected at consistent intervals.

RESULTS: Totally, 188 participants were enrolled and received REBOA. Among the 188 patients, seventeen were aged more than 70 years. By implementing REBOA, the average amount of blood loss was only 1427 ml. Experiments were also conducted to compare Group A and Group B. No notable differences were observed in terms of demographic variables, systolic blood pressure (SBP), arterial pH, lactate levels, blood creatinine levels, potassium levels, or calcium levels at baseline. Additionally, after the deflation of the REBOA, laboratory test results, which included arterial pH, lactate, potassium concentration, calcium concentration, and blood creatinine concentration, were not significantly different (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study indicated that in selected patients aged more than 70 years can achieve satisfactory hemodynamic and metabolic stability with Zone III REBOA.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level III.

PMID:38702816 | DOI:10.1186/s12957-024-03398-2