Tag: pubmed

Iran Biomed J. 2024 Dec 1;28(7):2.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age globally. It is linked to a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. Time-restricted eating is a type of intermittent fasting. That is a promising strategy for weight loss and glucose and lipid metabolism improvements. However, the exact time for the restriction of food intake is controversial. It is unclear to the beginning (early TRE, eTRE) or the middle of the day (middle TRE, mTRE). So, this study aims to determine whether eTRE or mTRE is a better dietary approach to improving the metabolic disorder of polycystic ovary syndrome.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this clinical randomized trial, we conducted a 6-week study to compare the effects of e-TRE (8:00-18:00/n=25) and m-TRE (11:00-21:00/n=25) on anthropometric indices, insulin sensitivity, and other glycemic and lipid profiles. A total of fifty overweight or obese women, aged between 18-40 and diagnosed with PCOS by modified Rotterdam criteria, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. We evaluated changes in body weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We used independent t-test and paired t-test (and their non-parametric equivalent) to analyze the differences.

RESULTS: The analyses showed that significant changes in body weight, WC, BMI, FBS, and HOMA-IR were found after 6 weeks in both intervention groups (p = 0.0001). In addition, e-TRE significantly improved fasting insulin, TC, and LDL (p = 0.0001); however, no significant relation was observed in the m-TRE group (p = 0.05). Changes in TG and HDL were not statistically significant (p = 0.05). A comparison of the two groups revealed a substantial difference in weight, BMI, FBS, TC, LDL, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (p = 0.05).

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Overall, our findings suggest that e-TRE is more effective than m-TRE for losing weight and reducing insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, results on lipid profile are conflicting, and further randomized control trials are needed.

PMID:39645592

Cancer. 2024 Dec 8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.35679. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nivolumab obtained approval in advanced melanoma (AM) with weight-adjusted dose (WAD) administration (3 mg/kg/2 weeks). In 2018, the dosage regimen was changed to flat dose (FD) administration (240 mg/2 weeks or 480 mg/4 weeks) based on a modeling study, without clinical data.

METHODS: AM patients have been prospectively included in the French national multicenter MelBase database since 2013. First-line patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy were included in the WAD or FD groups of this study. The primary end point was the incidence of grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Secondary end points were incidence of any grade irAEs, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance groups on their baseline characteristics.

RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2022, 348 patients were included: 160 in the WAD and 188 in the FD groups. In the FD group, 45% and 27% of patients weighed <75 kg and >85 kg, respectively. Grade ≥3 and any grade irAEs rates were 13.1% versus 11.7% (p = .8) and 63.1% versus 67.0% (p = .5) in the WAD and FD groups, respectively. After weighting, median PFS was 3.1 and 3.7 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.07), and median OS was 24.8 and 37.0 months (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.01) in the WAD and FD groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the incidence of severe irAEs and in median PFS between AM patients treated by WAD or FD nivolumab. The median OS between patient groups did not reach statistical significance.

PMID:39645590 | DOI:10.1002/cncr.35679

Med Sci Monit. 2024 Dec 8;30:e946624. doi: 10.12659/MSM.946624.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND This study used an edentulous mandibular resin model with 6 parallel osteotomy sites and aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of 10 digital impressions using 3 intraoral scanners, the 3Shape TRIOS 5, Medit i700, and Primescan, using Medit Link v3.3.2 software. MATERIAL AND METHODS A model simulating a patient’s lower jaw was surgically prepared at 6 parallel sites (implant osteotomy), allowing placement of 6 implant analogues. Matrix-Direct transfer abutments were attached to the analogs, and a reference scan was obtained using a CeramilMap 600 extraoral scanner. Three intraoral scanners (3Shape TRIOS 5, Medit i700, and Primescan) made 10 digital impressions of each model. The data obtained were superimposed and compared using software (Medit Link 3.3.2) to evaluate accuracy. Mean values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Differences were considered significant at a P value of less than 0.05. RESULTS The TRIOS 5 intraoral scanner displayed the lowest deviation for precision (37.8±4.53 μm) and trueness (54.9±11 μm), followed by Medit i700 (precision 40.6±4.17 μm, trueness 60.5±10.9 μm), whereas the highest deviation (precision: 49.1±8.31 μm, trueness: 72.3±10.4 μm) was reported when Primescan intraoral scanner was used for recording impressions of full arch implants. When the 3 intraoral scanners were compared, a statistically significant difference was observed in terms of precision (P<0.005) and trueness (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS TRIOS 5 intraoral scanner displayed the lowest deviation values for precision and trueness (more accurate), followed by Medit i700 and Primescan intraoral scanners. However, deviation values of all scanners were within clinically acceptable limits.

PMID:39645575 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.946624

BMC Pediatr. 2024 Dec 7;24(1):803. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05306-9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Tic disorders (TD) often present with associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. This study aims to examine the clinical manifestations of TD in pediatric patients and explore the spectrum and features of neuropsychiatric comorbidities among Chinese children diagnosed with TD.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric TD cases newly diagnosed at our institution, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents 5.0 to screen for comorbidities. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of clinical features was undertaken.

RESULTS: The study enrolled 182 patients, comprising 140 males and 42 females. The diagnoses were distributed as follows: 65 cases of provisional TD, 29 cases of chronic TD, and 88 cases of Tourette syndrome. 94 (51.65%) patients presented with at least a single neuropsychiatric comorbid, while 40 (21.98%) patients exhibited two or more such comorbidities. TD is most frequently comorbid with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (33.52%, 61/182), oppositional defiant disorder (11.00%, 20/182) and current/previous manic/hypomanic episode (7.69%, 14/182). Children with comorbidities, compared to those without, experienced delayed diagnosis (P = 0.039), were more prone to developing vocal tics (simple vocal tics P = 0.030, complex vocal tics P < 0.001), lacked sibling companionship (P = 0.030), and exhibited more severe tics (P = 0.008). The prevalence of comorbidities was notably higher in children from single-parent households (93.3%) compared to those in two-parent families (P = 0.006). Individuals with multiple comorbidities had delayed diagnosis (P = 0.013), and notably experienced more triggering psychological factors such as pressure, anxiety, and anger. Sex, parents’ educational backgrounds and severity of tics significantly related to specific comorbidity occurrence.

CONCLUSION: We identified several factors associated with comorbidities in children with TD, which aiding doctors in recognizing the comorbidities that require attention. Simultaneously, these factors help guide family members in providing targeted education that supports the physical and mental development of affected children.

PMID:39645567 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-024-05306-9

BMC Pediatr. 2024 Dec 7;24(1):804. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05295-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In July 2022, Uganda’s Ministry of Health extended the 2021 WHO guidelines that recommended 3-6 monthly dispensing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to include all children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV). Treatment outcomes following this recommendation have not yet been documented. We compared viral load (VL) suppression and retention in HIV care rates among CALHIV receiving 1, 2-5, and > = 6 monthly ART dispensation in Uganda.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study of electronic medical records in 118 health facilities was conducted. Data for CALHIV 10-19 years captured at their most recent five clinic visits as of 15th May 2023 were analysed. Most recent two VL < 1000 copies/ml were used as measures for VL suppression and sustained VL suppression. A client was considered retained in care if they visited the clinic within 28 days from their expected return visit date. We used margins plots and a modified poisson model adjusting for facility level clustering to assess VL suppression and retention across multi-month ART categories.

RESULTS: A total of 2864 CALHIV, 1609 (56.2%) being females and with a median age of 12 years (inter quartile range, iqr = 7) were included. Overall suppression and retention rates were 80.4% (2133/2654) and 87.8% (2514/2864) respectively. A significant number had been dispensed ART for ≥ 2 months (50%, 2-5 months and 43.5%, ≥ 6 months). Probability of having a suppressed VL was higher among CALHIV that had received ≥ 6 months and 2-5 months of ART compared to those of 1 month i.e., 83% vs 79% vs 41% respectively. Probability of being retained in care didn’t differ across multi-month ART categories. CALHIV who received ART for 2-5 months and ≥ 6 months compared to 1 month were more likely to have a suppressed VL; (adj.PR = 1.98; 95%CI:1.41, 2.80) and (adj.PR = 2.21; 95% CI:1.59, 3.05) respectively. CALHIV with a Tuberculosis diagnosis history were less likely to have a suppressed VL (adj.PR = 0.73; 95%CI:0.65,0.81), however this was not statistically significantly different between multi-month categories.

CONCLUSION: CALHIV receiving multi-month ART including 6 months dispensation had better VL suppression rates. Retention rates however didn’t differ by multi-month dispensing categories as observed among adults in the interval trial. We recommend multi-month ART dispensation including more than 6 months among CALHIV irrespective of their age, clinical stage, and history of prior co-morbidities.

PMID:39645566 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-024-05295-9

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024 Dec 7. doi: 10.1038/s41391-024-00924-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Without head-to-head trials between talazoparib+enzalutamide (TALA + ENZA), olaparib+abiraterone acetate (OLAP + AAP), and niraparib plus AAP (NIRA + AAP) the ability to evaluate their relative efficacy as first-line (1 L) treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the relative efficacy between TALA + ENZA (TALAPRO-2) versus OLAP + AAP (PROpel) and NIRA + AAP (MAGNITUDE) in 1 L mCRPC via a matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison (MAIC).

METHODS: Patient-level data from TALAPRO-2 and published data from PROpel and MAGNITUDE were used. TALAPRO-2 data were reweighted to satisfy the eligibility criteria for PROpel and MAGNITUDE. Talazoparib (0.5 mg/day) plus enzalutamide (160 mg/day) was compared to olaparib (300 mg twice daily) plus abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day) and niraparib (200 mg/day) plus abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS), and odds ratios (ORs) for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and objective response rate (ORR). Additional efficacy outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS: In all-comers, TALA + ENZA was statistically superior to OLAP + AAP for rPFS (HR: 0.727; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.565, 0.935) and PSA response (OR: 1.663; 1.101, 2.510), and numerically favored for OS (HR: 0.847; 0.667, 1.076) and ORR (OR: 1.109; 0.646, 1.903). In patients with homologous recombination repair mutations (HRRm), relative to NIRA + AAP, TALA + ENZA was statistically superior for rPFS (HR: 0.460; 0.280, 0.754), and numerically favored for OS (HR: 0.601; 0.347, 1.041) and ORR (OR: 1.524; 0.579, 4.016).

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that TALA + ENZA may provide improvements in clinical outcomes relative to OLAP + AAP and NIRA + AAP in 1 L mCRPC; however, inherent limitations associated with the complexity of the analyses must be considered.

PMID:39645562 | DOI:10.1038/s41391-024-00924-x

Ann Biomed Eng. 2024 Dec 7. doi: 10.1007/s10439-024-03660-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify changes in morphological and mechanical properties in the volar ligament complex (VLC), dorsoradial ligaments (DRL), and posterior oblique ligaments (POL) in healthy and osteoarthritic female trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joints.

METHODS: Twenty-four fresh-frozen female cadaveric TMCs were separated into (1) younger healthy/early-stage osteoarthritic, (2) elder healthy/early-stage osteoarthritic, and (3) advanced-stage osteoarthritic groups based on age and Eaton-Littler grading. Stress relaxation and load-to-failure testing were performed to characterize mechanical tensile properties. Light imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to further assess enthesis structural integrity.

RESULTS: The VLC in advanced-stage osteoarthritic TMCs had attenuated mechanical properties in stress relaxation experiments compared to the elder healthy/early-stage osteoarthritic specimens: Young’s modulus at 20% strain (P = 0.044), instantaneous (P = 0.023), relaxed (P = 0.017) moduli. VLCs in advanced-stage osteoarthritic TMCs also had significantly lower properties in the load-to-failure experiments compared to the younger healthy/early-stage osteoarthritic specimens: stiffness (P = 0.048), ultimate load (P = 0.017), toughness (P = 0.003). Light and SEM/EDS imaging revealed partial detachment and loss of enthesis mineral gradient at VLC metacarpal insertion in advanced-stage osteoarthritic specimens. There were no mechanical or structural changes in the DRL and POL between experiment groups.

CONCLUSION: VLC morphological and mechanical properties deteriorate across progressively severe osteoarthritis classifications while the DRL and POL remain unchanged. The attenuated mechanical properties of VLCs in advanced-stage osteoarthritic TMCs can be explained by ligament degradation as evidenced by partial detachment and loss of mineral gradient at the metacarpal insertion.

PMID:39645536 | DOI:10.1007/s10439-024-03660-4

Clin Lung Cancer. 2024 Nov 16:S1525-7304(24)00251-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2024.11.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Thoracic Enhanced Recovery with Ambulation after Surgery (T-ERAS) protocol at our institution includes ambulation into the operating room and 250-feet ambulation within 1 hour of extubation. We compared the average length of stay (LOS) between T-ERAS patients and that predicted using a validated surgical risk calculator.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing lung cancer resection with minimally invasive approach from 2012 to 2022. Patients aged ≥ 18 were included if early ambulation was documented. Patient information were entered into the American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Risk Calculator (NSQIP) to obtain the predicted LOS. Descriptive statistics, comparisons of observed versus predicted LOS (O/P ratio), and nonparametric testing were conducted.

RESULTS: Of 940 patients reviewed, 886 met eligibility. For the study cohort, average age was 68, and 514 (58.0%) were female. By procedure, there were 631(71.2%) lobectomy, 204 (23.0%) wedge, 26 (2.9%) segmentectomy, 20 (2.3%) bilobectomy, and 5 (0.6%) pneumonectomy. The average LOS observed for the entire cohort was 1.2 days (median 1.0 day) compared to the predicted LOS of 3.4 days with the NSQIP (median 4.0). Overall, 842 (95%) of patients had LOS better than predicted (O/P ratio < 1), 19 (2.1%) had LOS as predicted (O/P ratio = 1), and 25 (2.8%) had LOS longer than predicted (O/P ratio > 1). The mean O/P ratio was 0.34.

CONCLUSION: Average LOS with T-ERAS protocol was 1.2 days compared to the predicted average of 3.6 days in patients undergoing minimally invasive lung cancer resections. Our study provides a potential protocol to shorten the LOS beyond what is predicted by NSQIP.

PMID:39645529 | DOI:10.1016/j.cllc.2024.11.010

J Voice. 2024 Dec 6:S0892-1997(24)00404-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.11.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate the occurrence of auditory impairments in individuals with dysphonia and to describe the results of behavioral and electrophysiological audiological assessments in this population.

STUDY DESIGN: A scoping review.

METHOD: A scoping review following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews and PRISMA-ScR. A search was carried out using the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs, as well as the gray literature via Google Scholar. Using the Rayyan platform, the selection and extraction of data from the studies was carried out independently and blindly by two reviewers, with excellent agreement. The studies included in the review were subjected to extraction of the following information for analysis: authors, year of publication, objective, sample characteristics, dysphonia classification, audiological assessment procedure, and conclusion.

RESULTS: About 100 studies were found, and 13 eligible studies were included in the analysis. Of the studies included, 92.3% (n = 12) adopted cross-sectional designs, 76.9% (n = 10) investigated auditory functions in individuals with behavioral dysphonia, and 23.1% (n = 3) with organic dysphonia. The samples consisted of children in 53.8% (n = 7) of the studies and adults in 46.2% (n = 6), both with dysphonia. Around 53.80% (n = 7) of the studies included control groups without dysphonia. As for audiological assessment methods, 53.8% (n = 7) used behavioral tests of central auditory processing, 15.4% (n = 2) electrophysiological assessment, and 30.8% (n = 4) a combination of both.

CONCLUSION-: Individuals with dysphonia, especially of the behavioral type, may have deficits in auditory function. The main impairments refer to central auditory processing, especially in skills involving temporal processing, figure-ground skills, and auditory closure. Electrophysiological assessment does not show any significant differences between individuals with and without behavioral dysphonia. However, the frequency of follow-up response has a potential for greater impairment in this population. In cases of organic dysphonia, small and inconsistent impairments have been found, such as prolonged latencies of auditory potentials.

PMID:39645483 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.11.021

J Voice. 2024 Dec 6:S0892-1997(24)00413-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.11.029. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: There is no Azerbaijani-Turkish scale for assessing voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL). This study aimed to adapt the V-RQOL questionnaire to Azerbaijani-Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability through cross-cultural adaptation.

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional and prospective validation design was adopted.

METHODS: The V-RQOL was translated and culturally adapted into the Azerbaijani-Turkish language according to the methodology of standard forward-backward translations to obtain semantic, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence. The study included 160 participants, with 80 having voice disorders and 80 not having voice disorders. Content validity with four experts through cognitive interviewing and face validity and the pilot study with 10 voice patients was performed. The construct validity was calculated by comparing the total score of the Azerbaijani-Turkish version of V-RQOL (AT-VRQOL) with the self-assessment results. The internal consistency of V-RQOL was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. To calculate the test-retest reliability coefficient, the AT-VRQOL was completed twice by 30 participants, including 20 with voice disorders and 10 without voice disorders, at intervals of 2 weeks.

RESULTS: Differences in the V-RQOL scores between participants with and without voice disorders were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The construct validity results showed that the total score of V-RQOL with the self-assessment results is correlated (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). The area under the curve value from the receiver operating characteristic curve was 100. The optimal cut-off point was 21.25, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100%. The AT-VRQOL had high internal consistency, indicating excellent reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.98). The total V-RQOL scores obtained from the two administrations of the test-retest reliability were examined. It was found that there was a high degree of correlation between the scores obtained in the two administrations (r = 0.99, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The AT-VRQOL is a valid and reliable scale that can assess patients with voice disorders in a simple, easy, rapid way to apply and not time-consuming.

PMID:39645482 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.11.029