Tag: pubmed

Int J Dent Hyg. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/idh.12838. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air polishing with sodium bicarbonate and erythritol powders on surface roughness and morphological changes in titanium abutments.

METHODS: A total of 45 grade V titanium discs were divided in three groups: Group A (Control) air polished with air/water; Group B, air polished with sodium bicarbonate powder; and Group C, air polished with erythritol powder. After air polishing, the samples’ roughness (S_a) in micrometres were analysed with an optical profilometer. The samples’ surface morphology study was conducted via scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Data were described using mean and standard deviation of roughness values (S_a). Inferential analysis was performed using the ANOVA multiple comparison test followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Both tests used a 5% level of significance.

RESULTS: After air polishing, average roughness of group A, B and C were 0.036, 0.046 and 0.037 μm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups A and B (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between group A and group C, as well as between group B and C (p > 0.05). As for the morphology analysis, damages to the titanium surface were only observed in group B.

CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that air polishing with erythritol powder maintains titanium abutment integrity better than sodium bicarbonate, which increased surface roughness and caused damage. Erythritol is preferable for minimizing surface alterations and maintaining morphological stability.

PMID:38852151 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12838

Int J Dent Hyg. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/idh.12835. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The effects of air-polishing on exposed root dentin surfaces are largely unknown, as there are only few studies which show heterogeneous results. Thus, this study was to investigate roughness changes of exposed dentin surfaces after air-polishing and the influence of subsequent polishing with cup and paste.

METHODS: Totally 54 teeth with exposed root dentin surfaces were treated using a split-mouth design by either air-polishing with erythritol and a rubber cup with polishing paste on the test side, or rubber cup and paste alone. Teeth were finally cleaned using a sonic tooth brush. Impressions were taken at relevant time points and replicated using epoxy resin. The resulting casts were profilometrically analysed to obtain the average surface roughness (sR_a) and maximum peak-to-valley height (sR_z), which are given as the mean ± standard deviation in μm.

RESULTS: After air-polishing, in comparison to the baseline, there was a slight but significant increase in sR_a (0.168 ± 0.143, p < 0.001), but sR_z did not change (-0.471 ± 4.857, p = 0.936). Subsequent polishing with cup and paste and cleaning with a sonic toothbrush did not reduce the surface roughness (sonic toothbrush-air-polishing, sR_a -0.044 ± 0.081, p = 0.218; sR_z -0.551 ± 3.563, p = 0.903).

CONCLUSION: The use of erythritol led to a slight increase in the roughness of the dentin surface, which was not reduced by polishing with a cup and paste. Polishing paste did not seem to conceal surface irregularities.

PMID:38852146 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12835

Orv Hetil. 2024 Jun 9;165(23):900-907. doi: 10.1556/650.2024.33063. Print 2024 Jun 9.

ABSTRACT

Bevezetés: A prehospitális betegellátás minden színtere más és más megterhelést ró a dolgozók testi és lelki egészségére. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja volt összevetni a földi, a légi- és a vízimentők stresszterhelését és egyéb rizikófaktorait. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti vizsgálat történt a 2022. augusztus–októberi időszakban. Nem véletlenszerű, kényelmi mintaválasztást követően az adatgyűjtés önkéntes alapon, az Országos Mentőszolgálat Vas vármegyei mentőállomásain (n = 70), a Magyar Légimentő Nonprofit Kft. bázisain (n = 24) és a Vízimentők Magyarországi Szakszolgálatánál (n = 25) anonim, online kérdőív segítségével zajlott. A Rövid Stressz Kérdőív (Purebl és Rózsa, 2006) mellett szociodemográfiai mutatókra, munkavégzésre, káros szenvedélyekre, sportolásra és mentálhigiénés szokásokra kérdeztünk rá. Eredmények: A minta (n = 119) stresszterhelése alacsonynak volt mondható (átlag 9,79 ± 5,38), melyet nem befolyásolt a munkavégzés színtere (p = 0,064). A legjelentősebb stresszről a földi (10,17 ± 5,57 pont), míg a legcsekélyebbről a légimentők (9,08 ± 4,86 pont) számoltak be. A „nagy fokú” és az „igen jelentős” stresszkategóriába tartozott az Országos Mentőszolgálat dolgozóinak több mint 50%-a (p = 0,987). Nagyobb stresszterhelést mutattak a nők (p = 0,008), az egyedül élők (p = 0,006) és a gyermektelenek (p<0,001). Minél több esetet látott el egy műszak alatt (p = 0,008), minél megterhelőbbnek érezte a műszakokat (p<0,001), és minél kevésbé érezte magát szakmailag felkészültnek (p<0,001) egy válaszadó, annál nagyobb volt a stresszterhelése. Következtetés: A mentésben dolgozókat érő stressz mértékében és az előforduló rizikó-magatartások tekintetében nem volt ugyan számottevő különbség földön, vízen és/vagy levegőben, az eredmények rávilágítottak, hogy a munkaterhelés mértékét tekintve a földi mentésben tevékenykedők szoros nyomon követést igényelnek a stresszterhelés és a megküzdés szempontjából. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(23): 900–907.

PMID:38852145 | DOI:10.1556/650.2024.33063

Trop Biomed. 2024 Mar 1;41(1):78-83. doi: 10.47665/tb.41.1.010.

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed at exploring whether sunlight exposure might account for the relative difference in COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality between tropical and non-tropical countries. A retrospective observational study was designed and data from the World Health Organization weekly COVID-19 epidemiological update was compiled. We examined the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population, as well as the total number of COVID-19-related mortalities per 100 000 population. Solar variables data were obtained from the Global Solar Atlas website (https://globalsolaratlas.info/). These data were analyzed to determine the association of sunlight exposure to COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in tropical and non-tropical countries. Results revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population (P<0.001), as well as the number of COVID-19-related mortalities per 100 000 population (P<0.001) between tropical and non-tropical countries. Analyses of sunlight exposure data found that specific photovoltaic power output, global horizontal irradiation, diffuse horizontal irradiation and global tilted irradiation at optimum angle were significantly inversely correlated to COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. This suggests that stronger sunlight exposure potentially leads to lower COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Findings from this study suggest that the relatively low COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in tropical countries were possibly due to better sunlight exposure that translates into adequate vitamin D status.

PMID:38852137 | DOI:10.47665/tb.41.1.010

Trop Biomed. 2024 Mar 1;41(1):52-63. doi: 10.47665/tb.41.1.007.

ABSTRACT

In tropical regions, numerous tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) play a crucial role as causative agents of infectious diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the population of companion and pet dogs has significantly increased in Vietnam; however, information on the occurrence of TBPs is still limited. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the occurrence rate, risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of TBPs in dogs from northern Vietnam. Of 341 blood samples tested by PCR, the total infection of TBPs was 73.9% (252/341). Babesia vogeli (18SrRNA gene – 30.5%) was detected most frequently in studied dogs followed by Rickettsia spp. (OmpA gene – 27%), Anaplasma platys (groEL gene – 22%), Bartonella spp. (16SrRNA – 18.8%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (16SrRNA – 9.4%) and Hepatozoon canis (18SrRNA gene – 1.2%), respectively. All samples were negative for Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophylum. Co-infection was detected in 31.4% of the samples (107/341) of which, A. platys/Bartonella spp. (34/94,10%), Rickettsia spp./B. vogeli (19/94, 5.6%), and M. haemocanis/B. vogeli (19/94, 5.6%) were recorded as the three most frequent two species of co-infection types. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between TBP infection and several host variables regarding age, breed, and living area in the current study. The recent findings reported herein, for the first time in Vietnam, are essential for local veterinarians when considering the appropriate approaches for diagnosing these diseases. Furthermore, this data can be used to establish control measures for future surveillance and prevention strategies against canine TBPs in Vietnam.

PMID:38852134 | DOI:10.47665/tb.41.1.007

J Perianesth Nurs. 2024 Jun 8:S1089-9472(24)00041-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.01.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine if postanesthesia forced-air warming as a nonpharmacologic intervention for emergence delirium (ED)/emergence agitation (EA) decreased the incidence and severity of ED in children aged 18 months to 6 years old.

DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial.

METHODS: Participants included children aged 18 months to 6 years old receiving general anesthesia within a radiation oncology setting. Status of ED/EA was based on the participants’ Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale score (two consecutive scores greater than 10 out of 20) or inconsolable agitation behaviors post computed tomography simulation (day 0). Interrater reliability was conducted among the center’s perianesthesia care nurses. Participants who scored positive for ED/EA received a forced-air warming blanket for the remainder of treatment with data collection 1 to 14 days postanesthesia. Non-ED/EA participants were followed for 14 days and provided forced-air warming if ED/EA occurred. Data consisted of daily PAED scores and self- or parent-report on the anxiety scale. If the participants received forced-air warming, nurses’ clinical observations and parent satisfaction surveys were collected 3 times during the 14-day study period.

FINDINGS: A total of 59 participants completed the study (mean age 3.43 years; 60% male; 63% non-Hispanic White); 16 were identified with ED or EA (mean age 3.56 years; 50% male; 69% non-Hispanic White) with an incidence rate of 28%. For the 16 participants with ED/EA, the primary diagnosis consisted of solid tumors and an American Society of Anesthesia Classification III to IV. Prior to the forced-air warming intervention, all 16 participants exhibited inconsolable ED/EA behaviors, including 8 who had PAED scores greater than 10. ED/EA behaviors expressed included inconsolability, confusion, thrashing, and combativeness. Within the 14-day period, 3 participants received forced-air warming on day 1, while the other 13 received an average of 4.23 days of treatment (range 1 to 11 days; mode 1 day; median 4 days). Comparison of PAED scores pre (mean 4.4) and post (mean 1.8) indicated that the use of forced-air warming was statistically significant (P = .001). ED/EA behaviors and PAED scores after the forced-air warming period decreased in all but one participant. Some agitation behaviors were not captured within the PAED score.

CONCLUSIONS: Forced-air warming impacted PAED scores and agitation behaviors for studied participants, offering a safe, nonpharmacological nursing intervention that may be an effective tool for helping to manage this baffling condition.

PMID:38852105 | DOI:10.1016/j.jopan.2024.01.021

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024 Jun 8:S0889-5406(24)00200-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.05.009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Interproximal reduction (IPR) damages the caries protective superficial layer of the enamel, making the enamel surface prone to caries because of the increase in surface roughness. Remineralizing solutions can help in preventing these undesirable side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and sodium fluoride (NaF) application on enamel remineralization after IPR and to evaluate changes in surface roughness, composition, and microhardness of the treated enamel.

METHODS: A total of 25 patients with Angle’s Class I malocclusion, requiring 4 premolar extractions, were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Group 1 served as the control. In group 2, the extraction of premolars was done immediately after IPR, and in group 3, the extraction of premolars was done 3 months after IPR. In group 4, the extraction of premolars was performed 3 months after IPR with weekly application of nHAp serum. In group 5, the extraction of premolars was performed 3 months after IPR, along with once-a-month application of NaF varnish. The proximal reduction of premolars in all the groups was done using Strauss IPR burs (Strauss Diamond Instruments, Palm Coast, Fla). The extracted teeth were sectioned, and the enamel surfaces were subjected to energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to evaluate elemental composition. Vicker’s microhardness test was used to evaluate enamel hardness and atomic force microscopy for enamel surface roughness. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the 5 groups using a 1-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s multiple post-hoc test was used for intergroup comparison.

RESULTS: Calcium-to-phosphorous ratio, enamel microhardness, and surface roughness were found to be closest to untouched enamel in patients treated with nHAp, followed by patients who were treated with NaF. A lower calcium-to-phosphorous ratio and weakened and roughest enamel surface was seen in teeth, which were extracted immediately after IPR.

CONCLUSIONS: Among the remineralizing agents tested, nHAp serum can be recommended for better remineralization of enamel surfaces after IPR.

PMID:38852104 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.05.009

Pediatr Ann. 2024 Jun;53(6):e197-e199. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-04. Epub 2024 Jun 1.

ABSTRACT

Gun violence is a rapidly growing concern for youth. As rates of death by firearm rise, so does exposure to firearm violence and high levels of accompanying morbidity. Although gun violence cannot be attributed to any one cause, it is important pediatric health care providers understand the prevalence of this issue. Additionally, the long-term health effects are profound with many victims of, and witnesses to, gun violence experiencing new symptoms of general anxiety disorder. There are numerous initiatives taking place at the individual, local, and national levels to address this public health crisis. An overview of such interventions is also presented. With better screening and treatment of upstream and downstream symptoms of youth gun violence, pediatricians can decrease the morbidity and mortality that results from firearm use. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(6):e197-e199.].

PMID:38852080 | DOI:10.3928/19382359-20240407-04

Health Lit Res Pract. 2024 Apr;8(2):e91-e92. doi: 10.3928/24748307-20240515-02. Epub 2024 Jun 6.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38852073 | DOI:10.3928/24748307-20240515-02

Health Lit Res Pract. 2024 Apr;8(2):e102-e112. doi: 10.3928/24748307-20240521-01. Epub 2024 Jun 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire’s largest city, obesity rates among women are increasing, posing a major health challenge, especially for the working generation. Merchants represent 64.3% of working women and are a typical occupation for women with low- and middle-income. Health literacy is used to prevent and overcome chronic diseases and can be used as anti-obesity measures.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity, health literacy, and weight perception among women merchants in Abidjan.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a complete enumeration survey among women merchants in a market in Abidjan from December 2020 to December 2021. In addition to anthropometric measurements, structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. The participants were asked about their weight perception, weight management behaviors, and sociodemographic attributes. They also responded to the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Data were tabulated using descriptive statistics, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine obesity’s association with HLQ scales, weight perception, and weight management behaviors.

KEY RESULTS: Of the 873 participants, 259 (29.7%) were obese; 82% of them underestimated their weight. Obesity was associated with a higher rate of HLQ1 (Feeling understood and supported by health care providers) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.926, confidence interval [CI]:1.450-5.901, p = .03), a lower score of HLQ3 (Actively managing my health) (OR = 0.343, CI:0.165-0.716, p = 0.004), a lower rate of accurate weight perception (OR = 0.145, CI: 0.093-0.224, p < .001), and a lower rate of eating at least three meals per day (OR = 0.401, CI:0.260-0.617, p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study of Abidjan women merchants include obese participants’ lack of a proactive attitude toward personal health management, and the association of factors such as inaccurate weight perception and eating fewer than three meals per day with obesity. These finding have important implications for future anti-obesity measures. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(2):e102-e112.].

PMID:38852072 | DOI:10.3928/24748307-20240521-01