Tag: pubmed

Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2024 Jun 1:1. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2098. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: During adolescence, there is a significant surge in height and total body mass of males. Consequently, they simultaneously experience enhancements in their circulatory and respiratory systems, which adapt to these physiological transformations. The purpose of present study was to investigate the developmental changes in male pharyngeal airway from adolescence to adulthood.

METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 192 males were obtained and divided into 5 groups: early adolescence (age 10-13 years), middle adolescence (age 14-17 years), late adolescence (age 18-21 years), early adulthood (age 22-30 years), and middle adulthood (ages 31-50 years). The dimensions of pharyngeal airway spaces and the related anatomical structures were investigated. The one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were employed for statistical analysis.

CONCLUSION: During middle adolescence, the pharyngeal airway seems to be nearly completed in males. A significant negative correlation was found between the ANB angle and SPS, TPS, and EPS values.

PMID:38957934 | DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2024.2098

Aesthet Surg J. 2024 Jul 3:sjae144. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjae144. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKROUND: An important factor which underlines the clinical significance of vaginal laxity presence is the association of the latter with the female sexual function. Male sexuality can also be affected by vaginal laxity.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the effect of vaginoplasty on a cohort of women, who underwent the respective procedure under the indication of vaginal laxity/impaired sexual function. At the same time, it is very important to evaluate the sexual satisfaction of partners after vaginal tightening.

METHODS: Fifty women who underwent vaginoplasty and their male partners (n=50) were included in the study. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were performed to female patients three months before and after the treatment. Also, male partners were asked for their sexual functions by International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) three months before and after the treatment. A 5-question questionnaire inquiring about pleasure status was administered to the male partners using a four-point Likert scale.

RESULTS: Post-treatment STAI THE STATE and STAI THE TRAIT scores of the female patients were statistically significantly lower than their pre-treatment scores (52.5 vs 32, p<0.001; 56 vs 44, p<0.001, respectively). The post-treatment FSFI score of the female patients was significantly higher than their pre-treatment score (19.2 vs 29.7, p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated significant improvement in the sexual function of males and females and additionally, a significant decrease in the indices of the temporary anxiety levels and the inherent predisposition for anxiety disorders after vaginoplasty.

PMID:38957918 | DOI:10.1093/asj/sjae144

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2024 Apr 1;42(2):156-164. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_39_24. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many practitioners have questioned whether the construction method of pediatric zirconia crowns impacts the periodontal health and clinical performance of severely decayed primary molars. The objective of this study was to compare the periodontal health and clinical performance of primary molars restored with custom-made zirconia crowns (CZCs) and prefabricated zirconia crowns.

METHODS: Twenty primary molars indicated for crown restorations were selected from ten patients (5-9 years old) randomly. Each patient received two pediatric zirconia crowns constructed by two different methods: one custom-made and one prefabricated. The primary molars were divided into two groups: Group 1: primary molars received CZCs and Group 2: primary molars received prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs).

RESULTS: After a 12-month follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between the periodontal health of primary molars restored with custom-made and prefabricated zirconia crowns. The clinical performance of primary molars restored with CZCs was statistically significantly higher than those restored with PZCs in terms of retention and fracture resistance (P ≤ 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The construction method of pediatric zirconia crowns does not significantly affect the periodontal health of primary molars; however, clinical performance is significantly affected in terms of retention and fracture resistance.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A CZC is an excellent alternative option, especially for primary molars whose permanent successors still have a long time to erupt. The PZC is a quick and easy restoration, but the technique is sensitive.

PMID:38957914 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_39_24

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2024 Apr 1;42(2):149-155. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_116_24. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries results from an ecologic shift within the dental biofilm from a balanced population of microorganisms to an acidogenic, aciduric, and cariogenic microbiological population developed and maintained by frequent consumption of fermentable dietary carbohydrates. Total caries removal (TCR) of deep lesion may result in pulpal exposure requiring more invasive treatment. Hence, current pediatric dentistry has shifted to minimally invasive treatment that avoids more complex, time-consuming procedure, and the child’s discomfort.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical performance and radiographic changes after complete and incomplete caries removal procedures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 60 primary molars in children aged 6-9 years. Selected 60 primary molars were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (PCR): infected dentin was removed, while the affected dentin was maintained on the pulpal wall. Group 2 (TCR): both infected and affected dentin were removed through low-speed carbide bur and hand excavator. Teeth were evaluated at 4 and 6 months clinically and radiographically.

RESULTS: The proportion was compared using Fisher’s exact test. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 was used for analysis. The level of significance was kept at 5%.

CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiographic success rates of ICR and CCR in primary teeth with deep carious lesions were high and did not differ significantly, indicating that the retention of carious dentin does not interfere with pulp vitality. Thus, ICR is a reliable minimally invasive approach that might replace the CCR in primary teeth when correctly indicated.

PMID:38957913 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_116_24

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2024 Apr 1;42(2):141-148. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_104_24. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological methods, specifically sedatives, have gained popularity in managing the behavior of children during dental appointments.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare 1 m/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine, 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam, and nitrous oxide in evaluating the level of sedation, behavior of the child, onset of sedation, physiologic signs, and adverse effects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-over trial, 15 children aged 6-8 years were randomized to receive intranasal atomized dexmedetomidine, intranasal atomized midazolam, and inhalation nitrous oxide at three separate visits. After administering the sedative agent, a single pulpectomy was performed during each appointment, and the outcomes were recorded. The washout period between each visit was 1 week.

RESULTS: All three sedative agents were equally effective in controlling overall behavior. Dexmedetomidine showed lower sedation level scores (agitated; score 9) than the other groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the onset of sedation, with dexmedetomidine having the longest onset of 36.2 ± 9.47 min. Coughing and sneezing were predominantly observed after administration of intranasal midazolam. Oxygen saturation levels were statistically lower in the intranasal midazolam group during local anesthesia administration and post-treatment.

CONCLUSION: 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam is as effective as nitrous oxide sedation for controlling behavior and providing adequate sedation in pediatric dental patients. However, 1 m/kg dexmedetomidine did not provide the same level of sedation and had a significantly longer onset. 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam is an effective alternative to nitrous oxide sedation in anxious children.

PMID:38957912 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_104_24

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2024 Apr 1;42(2):134-140. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_119_24. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: For successfully managing pediatric dental patients, local anesthesia is essential to eliminate pain during or after the operative period. An early recovery from soft-tissue anesthesia after an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) should benefit a young child patient by avoiding the risk of inadvertently biting the soft tissues.

AIMS: Hence, the purpose of the study was to (1) evaluate and compare the efficacy of pre- and postoperative ibuprofen on pain perception in children who undergo IANB anesthesia with or without the use of PM and (2) evaluate the average time required for reversal of anesthesia symptoms using phentolamine mesylate.

METHODS: The present study was a randomized, clinical trial performed among 60 children between 6 and 8 years of age using a convenient sampling method. The children were randomly assigned into four equal groups of 15 each using the computer-generated randomization sequence. IANB anesthesia was performed using 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and a mandibular primary molar pulpotomy was performed on each group. Group 1: the ibuprofen tablet was taken 1 h before the onset of the procedure. Group 2: ibuprofen tablet 30 min after the pulpotomy procedure. Group 3: the ibuprofen tablet was taken 1 h before the onset of the procedure, and the Phentolamine mesylate (PM) injection was administered. Group 4: immediately after the pulpotomy, the PM injection was administered, and an ibuprofen tablet was taken 30 min after the pulpotomy procedure. All children were assessed for the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia, their behavior scores and pain rating, as well as the incidence of postoperative self-inflicted injuries.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the average time needed for the reversal of anesthetic symptoms between groups. The effects of phentolamine, local anesthetics, and ibuprofen on the child’s behavior and pain scores were compared using the Student’s t-test. For the study, P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

RESULTS: The time needed for the full reversal of anesthetic symptoms to manifest on the tongue and lip was substantially reduced by the injection of phentolamine (P < 0.001). The use of phentolamine for reversal or the intake of ibuprofen pre- or postoperatively did not exhibit any significant variation in the behavior, pain experience, or incidence of self-inflicted injuries in the child.

CONCLUSION: It is evident that although phentolamine injections shorten the duration of anesthesia, the adjunctive use of pre- or postoperative ibuprofen did not significantly alter pain scores.

PMID:38957911 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_119_24

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2024 Apr 1;42(2):119-125. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_127_24. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that manifests itself in primary and permanent dentitions. Pit and fissure sealants have become the most effective noninvasive treatment for addressing teeth with deep pits and fissures in children. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of the child when administering the pit and fissure sealant using the rubber dam and MiniDam.

METHODOLOGY: Fifty-two children in the age range of 9-12 years were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I, rubber dam and Group II, MiniDam. The children were randomly assigned into two groups with 26 members in Group 1 (rubber dam isolation) and 26 members in Group 2 (MiniDam isolation). Children’s anxiety was assessed using the modified Venham scale and heart rate. The children’s pain intensity was assessed using Memojis Pain Scale. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The level of significance was established at 0.05.

RESULTS: Intergroup comparison of heart rates showed a statistically significant difference for both the groups at various intervals (P value 0.05), that is, before placing the dam, with the dam, and during treatment. Pain and anxiety scores showed a statistically significant difference in both the groups before and after the procedure (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The use of MiniDam can offer a better option for the pit/fissure sealant procedure due to its unique qualities, including simplicity of placement, improved behavior management, and less chair time in children.

PMID:38957909 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_127_24

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2024 Apr 1;42(2):112-118. doi: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_61_24. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In the 21st century, we are surrounded by plastic, disposal of which has a detrimental effect on the environment. Around 700 million plastic toothbrushes are sold which contributes to a large portion of plastic waste. To aid in the restoration of the environment, there is a need to replace plastic toothbrushes with recyclable toothbrushes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the plaque removal efficacy of biodegradable toothbrushes and nonbiodegradable toothbrushes in children 8-10 years of age.

METHODOLOGY: Ninety children 8-10 years old from school were included in the study. Toothbrush types to groups A (nonbiodegradable toothbrush, Colgate® Palmolive India Ltd.), B (Biodegradable toothbrush, Bamboo India), and C (Biodegradable toothbrush, Palette™ India) were randomly allocated and plaque score was evaluated using plaque disclosing agent and Turesky Modification of Quigley Hein Index at day 1, 7, and 14. The data were analyzed using unpaired “t” and analysis of variance to find the significance of study parameters between the groups and paired t-test was used to find the significance of study parameters within the group (pre- and postbrushing).

RESULTS: The comparison of plaque scores pre- and postbrushing in all groups manifested reduction from day 1 to 14. However, Group B showed a significant reduction of plaque on day 14 with a difference of 0.50 which is statistically significant with a P < 0.001.

CONCLUSION: According to the results, it can be concluded that a biodegradable toothbrush has adequate plaque removal efficacy. Therefore, the use of biodegradable toothbrushes can be recommended which will reduce nonbiodegradable waste.

PMID:38957908 | DOI:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_61_24

Thorax. 2024 Jul 2:thorax-2023-221210. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221210. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preschool-aged children have among the highest burden of acute wheeze. We investigated differences in healthcare use, treatment and outcomes for recurrent wheeze/asthma in preschoolers from different ethno-socioeconomic backgrounds.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics in England. We reported number of acute presentations and hospitalisations stratified by index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and ethnicity; and factors associated with treatment non-escalation, and hospitalisation rates using multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models.

RESULTS: 194 291 preschool children were included. In children not trialled on asthma preventer medications, children from the most deprived IMD quintile (adjusted OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.83) and South Asian (1.77; 1.64 to 1.91) children were more likely to have high reliever usage and where specialist referral had not occurred, the odds of referral being indicated was higher in the most deprived quintile (1.39; 1.28 to 1.52) and South Asian (1.86; 1.72 to 2.01) children compared with the least deprived quintile and white children, respectively.Hospitalisation rates for wheeze/asthma were significantly higher in children from the most deprived quintile (adjusted IRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.27) compared with the least, and in South Asian (1.57; 1.44 to 1.70) and black (1.32; 1.22 to 1.42) compared with white children.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified inequalities in wheeze/asthma treatment and morbidity in preschool children from more deprived, and non-white backgrounds. A multifaceted approach to tackle health inequality at both the national and local levels, which includes a more integrated and standardised approach to treatment, is needed to improve health outcomes in children with preschool wheeze/asthma.

PMID:38955499 | DOI:10.1136/thorax-2023-221210

Oncologist. 2024 Jul 2:oyae111. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae111. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy with its prevalence increasing. Patients with symptomatic MM can show numerous comorbidities, affecting their quality of life (QoL). Physical activity (PA) may improve QoL but is not a standardized intervention of comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs). Since data on the PA of patients with MM are scarce, we aimed to prospectively assess fitness levels and patients’ motivation to join PA-interventions at our CCC.

METHODS: We generated an exercise questionnaire to interview consecutive patients MM. We prospectively collected data on (a) past and current PA, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, (b) knowledge on exercise effects, (c) exercise motivation, and (d) willingness to participate in PA-interventions. Demographics, comorbidities, response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed in 211 symptomatic patients MM.

RESULTS: While our patients were elderly and most showed bone involvement, their PA was similar to healthy individuals. Aerobic PA (≥ 60 minutes/week) was performed by 65%, and 25% exercised ≥ 150 minutes/week. WHO PA recommendations were fulfilled by 17% of patients. No sport activities or complete physical inactivity were observed in 35% and 16%, respectively. Notably, 38% were motivated to join MM-specific sport interventions. Self-reported knowledge of PA-induced benefits for patients cancer was high (82%), but only 27% knew which exercises were safe to perform.

CONCLUSION: This study provides an overview of the PA of patients MM. Our results suggest that the PA of patients MM might not be much lower than in the age-matched general population.

PMID:38955491 | DOI:10.1093/oncolo/oyae111