Tag: pubmed

Epidemiol Prev. 2022 Jul-Aug;46(4):259-267. doi: 10.19191/EP22.4.A372.074.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: immigrant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have additional language and cultural obstacles in following lifestyle and dietary recommendations within a Western health care setting.

OBJECTIVES: to describe: • sociodemographic characteristics and dietary and lifestyle behaviours in Italian and immigrant pregnant women who underwent a GDM screening; • any differences in these aspects among GDM Italian and immigrant women; • any differences in terms of primary maternal-neonatal outcomes among GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) cohorts.

DESIGN: survey.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: this survey was conducted in three hospitals located in Tuscany Region (Central Italy). According to a convenience sampling, an ad hoc questionnaire was administered both to Italian and immigrant women who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: information about nutrition and lifestyle, medical and obstetric history, clinical and therapy data, maternal and neonatal primary outcomes was analysed. Eating habits have been investigated referring to the prudent diet, in order to also include those foods specifically consumed by the immigrant women, in addition to the Mediterranean Diet which is more widespread among Italians.

RESULTS: a total of 117 Italian women (42 diagnosed with GDM) and 95 immigrant women (36 with GDM) were enrolled. Immigrant women showed lower adherence to the prudent diet compared to Italian women (p<0.05) and a broader use of unhealthy food preparation (e.g., frying; p<0.05). Primary maternal and neonatal outcomes (preterm birth, caesarean section, macrosomia) showed no statistical differences among GDM and NGT cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS: even if immigrant and Italian women gained similar pregnancy outcomes, immigrant women showed lower adherence to the prudent diet at the time of GDM screening. An ethnic and tailored meal plan is needed to overcome cultural barriers in dietary recommendations during pregnancy in immigrant women.

PMID:36259342 | DOI:10.19191/EP22.4.A372.074

BJPsych Open. 2022 Oct 18;8(6):e186. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2022.588.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is cumulative evidence of the importance of exploring the change of dynamics between symptoms over time as reflective of consolidation of psychopathology.

AIMS: To explore the interactions between symptoms of ICD-11 adjustment disorder before and after the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel and identify the most central symptoms and their concurrent and prospective associations with probable adjustment disorder.

METHOD: This is a population-based study drawn from a probability-based internet panel. A representative sample of the adult Israeli population was assessed at two time points (T1, pre-second lockdown, n = 1029, response rate 76.17%; T2, post-second lockdown, n = 764, response rate 74.24%). Symptoms of adjustment disorder were assessed by the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ).

RESULTS: Although the overall strength of associations at the two measurement points was similar and two same communities were found, there was a significant change in their structure, with a more consolidated network at T2. The most central item was ‘difficult to relax’ in both networks. Cross-sectionally, all symptoms of failure to adapt significantly predicted adjustment disorder. ‘Worry a lot more’ (preoccupation) and ‘difficult to adapt to life’ (failure to adapt) at T1 significantly predicted this diagnosis at T2.

CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment disorder symptoms consolidated during the second lockdown of the pandemic. In line with the ICD-11 conceptualisation of adjustment disorder, both preoccupation and failure-to-adapt symptoms have prognostic validity. This highlights the importance of identifying and targeting adjustment disorder symptoms during a period of stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

PMID:36254808 | DOI:10.1192/bjo.2022.588

Health Informatics J. 2022 Oct-Dec;28(4):14604582221135439. doi: 10.1177/14604582221135439.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sound and reliable health information is needed to promote culture of evidence based decision making. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers to use District health information system among public health facilities in South-West Ethiopia.

METHOD: Cross sectional quantitative study was conducted. A total of 264 participants were approached. Descriptive and analytical statistics was done.

RESULT: Overall 130 (49.2%) of respondents had good knowledge to use DHIS (95% CI: [43, 55.3]). 149 (56.4%) of respondents had favourable attitudes (95% CI: [53.2, 59.8]). Sufficient skills [AOR = 2.20, 95% CI: (1.16, 4.19)], older age [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: (1.03, 3.59)] , resources [AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: (1.35, 4.86)], staffing [AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: (1.49, 5.48)] and high experiences [AOR = 4.66, 95% CI: (1.94, 5.78)] were variables associated with knowledge. Being trained [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: (2.48, 5.42)], provision of feedback [AOR = 4.08, 95% CI: (1.87, 8.91)], motivation [AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: (1.36, 6.06)] and health need [AOR = 2.32, 95% CI: (1.10, 4.92)] were variables associated with attitudes.

CONCLUSION: Thus, Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers to use DHIS working in public health facilities in this setting is relatively low. The results highlight the need to improve knowledge and attitudes to use DHIS among healthcare providers focusing on the identified gaps.

PMID:36254781 | DOI:10.1177/14604582221135439

Ann Ital Chir. 2022;93:510-516.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Mammographic breast density (MBD) has been investigated as a risk factor for many years and has been determined to increase the risk of breast cancer in many studies. Research has shown that the correlation between MBD with breast cancer as both a risk factor and a prognostic factor is not limited to difficulty in diagnosis and patient age. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of MBD on the surgical effectiveness of different techniques applied for breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

METHODS: We investigated the data of 460 patients who were prospectively registered in the database of the center between 2007-2017 and who were treated with level II Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) and conventional lumpectomy due to invasive breast cancer.

RESULTS: BCS was applied to 223 (48.5%) patients, and OPS was applied to 237 (51.5%) patients. 213 (46.3%) patients had fatty breast density, and 247 (53.7%) had dense breasts. Mean surgical margin was 11.01 mm in the OPS group and 9.17 mm in the BCS group, with a statistically larger surgical margin in the OPS group (p=0.011). Regarding the surgical margin, mean distances were 10.59 mm infatty breasts and 9.70 mm in dense breasts.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, increased MBD was found to be associated with closer surgical margins and increased reoperation rates, albeit with a reduced risk for late complications. We think that level II OPS can eliminate this handicap in terms of surgical margin and reoperation in dense breasts.

KEY WORDS: Breast Cancer, Breast Conserving Surgery, Breast Density, Oncoplastic Surgery.

PMID:36254778

Ann Ital Chir. 2022;93:584-591.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The traditional treatment for appendiceal cancer with peritoneal spread is cytoreductive surgery (CRS) but added HİPEC chemotherapy to cytoreductive surgery and has shown that it improves overall survival. The aim of this study was to report the results of CRS and HIPEC treated patients with appendiceal cancers which is based on the experience of at Surgical oncology department.

MATERIAL-METHOD: Ankara University School of Medicine, Deparment of Surgical Oncology. The data of patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC for appendiceal cancer between January 2008 – January 2019 was retrospectively analysed. 40 patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with unresectable liver metastasis, large retroperitoneal tumor, tumoral infiltration in the intestinal mesentery and liver hilum were excluded from the study.

RESULTS: The mean (±sd) PCI was 17.98 (±8.21). Twenty six patients’s completeness of cytoreduction score was 0(65.0%), 10(25.0%) CCS-1, 3(7.5%) CCS-2 and 1(2.5%) CCS-3. There was statistically significant difference with prognosis between ccr score, ASA, lymphovascular invasion, PCI score, albumin categories.

CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients survival can be increased. However, it is thought that cytoreductive surgery should be performed even if completeness of cytoreduction score is two. In our study we represent that >17PCI patients could be managed by CRS/HIPEC if the CC score ≤2 can be reached. Our results suggest that the CRS/HIPEC procedure can improve the benefits of larger patient group and provides longer survival.

KEY WORDS: Appendiceal Neoplasms, Cytoreductive Surgery, Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

PMID:36254768

Multivariate Behav Res. 2022 Oct 18:1-17. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2022.2115965. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Network meta-analysis is an extension of standard meta-analysis. It allows researchers to build a network of evidence to compare multiple interventions that may have not been compared directly in existing publications. With a Bayesian approach, network meta-analysis can be used to obtain a posterior probability distribution of all the relative treatment effects, which allows for the estimation of relative treatment effects to quantify the uncertainty of parameter estimates, and to rank all the treatments in the network. Ranking treatments using both direct and indirect evidence can provide guidance to policy makers and clinicians for making decisions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce fundamental concepts of Bayesian network meta-analysis (BNMA) to researchers in psychology and social sciences. We discuss several essential concepts of BNMA, including the assumptions of homogeneity and consistency, the fixed and random effects models, prior specification, and model fit evaluation strategies, while pointing out some issues and areas where researchers should use caution in the application of BNMA. Additionally, using an automated R package, we provide a step-by-step demonstration on how to conduct and report the findings of BNMA with a real dataset of psychological interventions extracted from PubMed.

PMID:36254763 | DOI:10.1080/00273171.2022.2115965

Ann Ital Chir. 2022;93:578-583.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evalue the short-term results obtained in endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) procedure of the varicose insufficiency of the lower limbs with Diode 1470 μm laser compared to Diode 1940 μm laser.

MATERIALS OF STUDY: A total of 55 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: those subjected to 1470 μm laser treatment in group A and those with 1940 μm laser treatment in group B. The endpoints were: Closure of the target vessel, complications and post-operative pain.

RESULTS: There are no intra-and post-operative complications. The occlusion rate of the target veins was 100% at 7- and 60-day controls. The pain perceived in the immediate post-operative and at the controls showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However in group B it was necessary to apply lower values of Power (W) and Linear Energy Density (LEED) with a statistically significant difference compared to group A.

DISCUSSION: Short-term results demonstrate closure rates comparable to those obtained with 1470 μm lasers. There were no statistically significant differences in the two groups in terms of primary and secondary endpoints. The advantage of using 1940 μm laser technology is that it is possible to dispense a lower linear energy density (LEED) at a lower power (Watt).

CONCLUSIONS: Endovenous laser ablation with Diode 1940 μm is particularly suitable and advantageous in the treatment of superficial and small vessels, as well as venous segment adjacent to nerve structures.

KEY WORDS: Diode laser, Intravenous ablation, Varicose, Venous insufficiency, Veins.

PMID:36254762

Ann Ital Chir. 2022;93:529-535.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the incidence of nursing related complications in patients undergoing coronary intervention through either the radial or femoral artery and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the two nursing approaches.

METHODS: Between September 2012 and June 2017, 360 patients underwent coronary intervention in radiology department and were enrolled in this study, 196 of these patients being assigned to the radial artery group and 164 of them to the femoral artery group. The postoperative adverse reactions and complications in these two groups were observed and recorded, and the results of the two groups were compared using a chi-square test and logistic regression.

RESULTS: The incidences of limb pain, restlessness and insomnia, low back pain, urine retention, bleeding and subcutaneous hematoma were significantly lower in the radial artery group than in the femoral artery group, but the rate of shifting approach or giving-up intervention due to artery spasm or deformity was significantly higher than that in the femoral artery group. However, the differences in the incidence of aneurysms and compartment syndrome between the two groups were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the femoral artery approach, the radial artery approach results in less trauma, fewer complications, and shorter bed rest time. It also puts less psychological pressure on patients, and is more easily accepted by them. Finally, it means simpler nursing, and, thus, it should be widely promoted.

KEY WORDS: Complications, Coronary intervention, Femoral artery, Nursing, Radial artery.

PMID:36254760

J Atten Disord. 2022 Oct 18:10870547221130113. doi: 10.1177/10870547221130113. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: ADHD is associated with increased sleep problems and circadian rhythm disturbances. This study aimed to examine ADHD patients and healthy controls in terms of chronotypic features and expression levels of CLOCK, PER1, lncRNA HULC, lncRNA UCA1.

METHOD: Eighty-three children were included (43 ADHD). Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form, Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire, Children’s Sleep Disorders Scale were administered. Gene expression levels were studied from peripheral blood.

RESULTS: Evening chronotype, sleep initiation/maintenance disorder, sleep-wake transition disorder, excessive sleepiness disorder were higher in the ADHD group compared to the controls in the scales reported by the parents. Expression levels of all examined genes were statistically significantly higher in the ADHD group. There was no significant relationship between genes and sleep parameters in the ADHD group.

CONCLUSION: Our study provides the first evidence that lncRNA HULC and lncRNA UCA1 might have a role in the etiology of ADHD.

PMID:36254757 | DOI:10.1177/10870547221130113

Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26184. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE: Children contribute to 5% of COVID-19-related hospitalizations in the United States. There is mounting evidence suggesting childhood asthma is a risk factor for severe disease. We hypothesized that asthma is associated with longer length of stay (LOS) and need for respiratory support among children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with COVID-19.

METHODS: We reviewed 150 charts of children and young adults with a positive SARS CoV2 PCR test admitted to the PICU at Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC between 2020 and 2021. We recorded demographics, anthropometrics, past medical history, clinical course, laboratory findings, imaging, medication usage, respiratory support, and outcomes. Functional Status Scale (FSS), that measures an ICU patient’s physical function, was used to characterize children with multiple co-morbidities; FSS and obesity were included as covariates in multivariate analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0.

RESULTS: Sixty-Eight patients ages 0-21 years met inclusion criteria. Median age was 14.9 years, 55.9% were female, median BMI percentile was 62, and 42.6% were African American. Compared to those without asthma, patients with asthma averaged longer LOS (20.7 vs. 10.2 days, p=0.02), with longer PICU stay (15.9 vs. 7.6 days, p=0.033) and prolonged maximum respiratory support (8.3 vs. 3.3 days, p=0.016). Adjusted for obesity and poor physical function (FSS>6), asthma remained a significant predictor of hospital LOS, PICU LOS, and days on maximum respiratory support.

CONCLUSION: Asthma can cause severe disease with prolonged need for maximum respiratory support among children with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36254734 | DOI:10.1002/ppul.26184