Tag: pubmed

PeerJ. 2024 Mar 29;12:e17174. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17174. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Healthy nutrition is widely considered the cornerstone of optimal athletic performance, both physically and mentally. This study investigates the critical role of healthy nutrition in shaping the physical and mental performance of athletes, with a specific focus on taekwondo. This research aims to explore the potential relationship between taekwondo athletes’ attitudes towards healthy nutrition and their mental toughness. The research group comprised 276 active and licensed taekwondo athletes who voluntarily participated in the study (Age M = 17.18 ± SD = 7.13, N = 125 women, N = 151 men). Ethical approval for the research was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Data collection instruments included the Healthy Nutrition Attitude Scale, Mental Toughness Scale, and a personal information form. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the validity and reliability of the scales. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between the variables within the research model. The correlation analysis identified two significant, positive, and moderate correlations: (1) between knowledge about nutrition and mental toughness (r = 0.626) and (2) between positive nutrition and mental toughness (r = 0.672). The regression analysis revealed that both knowledge about nutrition (β = 0.360) and positive nutrition (β = 0.461) significantly contribute to mental toughness. The findings suggest that as athletes’ knowledge of nutrition expands and their attitudes towards healthy eating become more positive, their mental toughness also appears to improve. These results are both important and original, adding significant new insights to the existing research landscape.

PMID:38563010 | PMC:PMC10984172 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.17174

PeerJ. 2024 Mar 29;12:e17090. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17090. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students.

METHODS: With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes’ PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models.

RESULTS: Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082-0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008-0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003-0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%.

LIMITATIONS: It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.

PMID:38563007 | PMC:PMC10984188 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.17090

Am Surg. 2024 Apr 1:31348241244633. doi: 10.1177/00031348241244633. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Routine use of nil per os (NPO) prior to procedures has been associated with dehydration and malnutrition leading to patient discomfort. We aim to examine how duration of NPO status affects postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing elective below-knee amputation (BKA).

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 92 patients who underwent elective BKA between 2014-2022 for noninfectious indications. We performed statistical analysis using Chi-square tests, t-tests, and linear/logistic regression with odds ratio using P < .05 as our significance level.

RESULTS: The mean age was 48.0 ± 16.7 years, and there were 64 (70%) male patients and 41 (45%) Black patients. Mean NPO duration was 12.9 ± 4.7 hours. Patients with longer NPO duration were associated with increased rates of postoperative stroke (P = .03). Patients with shorter NPO duration had significantly lower mean BUN on postoperative day (POD) 1 (14.5, P < .001) and POD 3 (14.1, P < .001) compared to preoperative mean BUN (16.8), however this normalized by POD 7 (19.2, P = .26). There were no changes in postoperative renal function based on baseline kidney disease status or associated with longer NPO duration. Shorter NPO duration was a predictor of increased likelihood of 1-year follow-up (OR: 2.9 [1.24-6.79], P = .01), independent ambulation (OR: 2.7 [1.03-7.34], P = .04), and decreased mortality (OR: .11 [.013-.91], P = .04).

CONCLUSION: While NPO duration does not appear to result in postoperative renal dysfunction, prolonged NPO duration predicts worse rates of follow-up, ambulation, and survival and is associated with increased stroke rates.

PMID:38561237 | DOI:10.1177/00031348241244633

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2024 Apr 1. doi: 10.1111/aas.14421. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine, shows promise as an alternative to traditional sedatives and hypnotic agents in procedural sedation and general anaesthesia. While preliminary research indicates potential advantages over conventional agents, such as faster onset, predictable duration, and improved safety profile, the extent and quality of existing evidence remain unclear. This scoping review aims to investigate the current clinical role of remimazolam and provide a broad and comprehensive overview.

METHODS: The proposed review will adhere to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. A comprehensive search will be conducted across major peer-reviewed databases and grey literature will be sought. All studies involving individuals undergoing procedural sedation or general anaesthesia with remimazolam will be eligible. Data extraction will encompass trial and participant characteristics, intervention details, reported outcomes, comparative efficacy versus midazolam and propofol, patient and operator experience and economic costs.

RESULTS: We will provide a descriptive summary supplemented by statistics, figures and tables where applicable.

CONCLUSION: The outlined scoping review aims to assess the clinical use of remimazolam in procedural sedation and as the hypnotic component of general anaesthesia. The review will map the current body of evidence of remimazolam and identify knowledge gaps, contributing to understanding its clinical implications and guiding future research efforts in procedural sedation and general anaesthesia.

PMID:38561232 | DOI:10.1111/aas.14421

Am Surg. 2024 Apr 1:31348241241658. doi: 10.1177/00031348241241658. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

24/7 critical care staffing has become more commonplace, and their impact on resident training must be carefully considered. At our institution, the Critical Care Resource Intensivist (CCRI) model was implemented to provide in-house dedicated faculty responsible solely for the provision of critical care overnight. An anonymous survey was distributed to all general surgery residents to evaluate CCRI’s impact on education and autonomy. Descriptive statistics were completed for quantitative data. Qualitative analysis of free text responses was completed to identify consensus themes. Responses from 26 residents demonstrated they associated CCRI with improved resident education, supervision, and patient care, without limiting autonomy. Qualitative analysis yielded 7 themes, reflecting improvements in patient care and safety, progression of care, operations and procedures, improved education, availability, and independence, but noted potential for conflict. Our findings show 24/7 dedicated intensivist staffing can enhance general surgery resident education without limiting autonomy.

PMID:38561216 | DOI:10.1177/00031348241241658

Percept Mot Skills. 2024 Apr 1:315125241244985. doi: 10.1177/00315125241244985. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Our main aim in this study was to analyze any differences in Win Percentages at Home (HW) that might represent a Home-Court Advantage (HA) in women’s professional basketball. A secondary objective was to analyze how team ability might modify the HA effect by comparing any interaction effect between HW and team ability in games played with and without fans. We collected data from first Spanish female basketball divisions, using a linear mixed model (LMM) for repeated measures to identify differences between time periods (games with fans vs. games without fans) for HA and HW. When comparing games with and without fans, we found no significant HA and HW differences (p = .283 and p = .872, respectively). In fact, interestingly, we observed higher win values when fans were absent. Additionally, during the COVID-19 shut down stage, HA increased; but it returned to pre-pandemic levels afterward, with no significant differences between these periods (p = .482). Similarly, while HW seemed to increase during the COVID-19 shut down period and continued improving in the post-pandemic phase, there were actually no statistically significant differences (p = .772). Higher HA and HW were evident without fans during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period when fans were present in women’s professional basketball. During the post-pandemic period, HA decreased upon fans’ return, while HW continued increasing. We discuss possible bases for these unexpected findings.

PMID:38561202 | DOI:10.1177/00315125241244985

Eur J Public Health. 2024 Apr 1:ckae061. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Some studies have reported an increase in suicides after the start of daylight saving time (DST), but the evidence is mixed and more research about proposed mechanisms (disrupted sleep, changing light exposure) is needed.

METHODS: In our preregistered study, we analyzed change in suicide rates in the 2 weeks before/after DST, based on data between 1980 and 2022 from Austria, Switzerland and Sweden, using Poisson regression models and changepoint analyses. To explore the impact of disrupted sleep, we repeated the analysis for retired people who are likely less bound to DST, and for younger people. To explore the effect of changed daylight exposure, we repeated the analysis for northern and southern regions because twilight and daylight exposure varies by latitude.

RESULTS: Suicide rates did not significantly increase after the start of DST (adjusted incidence rate ratio IRR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.06, P = 0.66, n = 13 362 suicides) or after DST ended (adjusted IRR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.91-1.07, P = 0.76, n = 12 319 suicides). There were no statistically significant findings among younger or older subgroups and also not in Sweden and Austria/Switzerland. No changepoints were detected.

CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant changes in suicide rates associated with DST and no clear evidence to support proposed mechanisms (light exposure, disruption of sleep). Our study is one of the largest and was adequately powered. Nonetheless, even larger studies to detect smaller effects could be important to inform the debate about harms and benefits of DST.

PMID:38561196 | DOI:10.1093/eurpub/ckae061

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2024 Mar 30:S0003-9993(24)00905-5. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.03.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine if lower limb prosthesis (LLP) sophistication is associated with patient-reported mobility and/or mobility satisfaction, and if these associations differ by amputation level.

DESIGN: Cohort study that identified participants through a large national database and prospectively collected self-reported patient outcomes.

SETTING: The Veterans Administration (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse, the National Prosthetics Patient Database, participant mailings and phone calls.

PARTICIPANTS: 347 Veterans who underwent an incident transtibial (TT) or transfemoral (TF) amputation due to diabetes and/or peripheral artery disease and received a qualifying LLP between March 1, 2018, and November 30, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS: Basic, intermediate, and advanced prosthesis sophistication was measured by the accurate and reliable PROClass system.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Patient reported mobility using the advanced mobility subscale of the Locomotor Capabilities Index-5: mobility satisfaction using a 0-10-point Likert scale.

RESULTS: Lower limb amputees who received intermediate or advanced prostheses were more likely to achieve advanced mobility than those who received basic prostheses, with intermediate nearing statistical significance at nearly twice the odds (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI), .98 – 3.3; p=.06). The association was strongest in TF amputees with over 10 times the odds (aOR = 10.2, 95% CI, 1.1 – 96.8; p=.04). The use of an intermediate sophistication prosthesis relative to a basic prosthesis was significantly associated with mobility satisfaction (adjusted β coefficient (aβ) = .77, 95% CI, .11 – 1.4; p=.02). A statistically significant association was only observed in those who underwent a TT amputation (aβ = .79, 95% CI, .09 – 1.5; p=.03).

CONCLUSIONS: Prosthesis sophistication was not associated with achieving advanced mobility in TT amputees but was associated with greater mobility satisfaction. In contrast, prosthesis sophistication was associated with achieving advanced mobility in TF amputees but was not associated with an increase in mobility satisfaction.

PMID:38561145 | DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.03.012

J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2024 Mar 30:S2213-7165(24)00058-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.03.009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the overall in vitro activity of bedaquiline (BDQ) against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABS) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), considering BDQ as a repurposed drug for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of publications in PubMed/ MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 15, 2023. Studies were included if they followed the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria for drug susceptibility testing (DST). Using a random effects model, we assessed the overall in vitro BDQ resistance rate in clinical isolates of MABS and MAC. Sources of heterogeneity were analyzed using Cochran’s Q and the I² statistic. All analyses were performed using CMA V3.0.

RESULTS: A total of 24 publications (19 reports for MABS and 11 for MAC) were included. Using 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL as the breakpoint for BDQ resistance, the pooled rates of in vitro BDQ resistance in clinical isolates of MABS were found to be 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-4.6%) and 1.7% (95% CI, 0.6-4.4%), respectively. In the case of MAC, the pooled rates were 1.7% (95% CI, 0.4-6.9%) and 1.6% (95% CI, 0.4-6.8%) for 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively.

CONCLUSION: This study reports the prevalence of BDQ resistance in clinical isolates of MABS and MAC. The findings suggest that BDQ holds potential as a repurposed drug for treating MABS and MAC infections.

PMID:38561143 | DOI:10.1016/j.jgar.2024.03.009

Transplant Cell Ther. 2024 Mar 30:S2666-6367(24)00301-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.03.028. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While curing a patient’s underlying disease is the primary goal of physicians performing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the ultimate objective is to provide patients with optimal post-HCT quality of life. For many survivors, this includes returning to work (RTW).

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a survey of one- to five-year post-HCT survivors at our center to evaluate their perspective on facilitators and barriers to RTW as well as to gauge interest in potentially useful RTW support interventions.

STUDY DESIGN: Survivors aged 18 to 65 years (n=994) were sent an annual survey that included 36 supplementary questions about post-HCT RTW. Survey questions were selected from published national cancer survivor surveys and then modified specifically for HCT survivors.

RESULTS: 344 (35%) survivors with a mean age of 53 years completed the survey, of whom 272 (79%) had worked prior to their diagnosis. Of those 272 patients, 145 (53%) were working currently and another 22 (8%) had attempted to go back to work following HCT but were not presently working. We found that having had an allogeneic vs autologous HCT (p=0.006) was associated with a decreased likelihood of currently working, whereas frequent employer communication (> once a month) (p=0.070) and having a more supportive employer (p=0.036) were associated with a greater chance of currently working. Of survivors currently working, 45% reported that they had made one or more changes to their work schedule (e.g., flexible schedule or part-time work) or environment (e.g., work from home) upon RTW. Ninety-five percent of responders reported that they could have benefited from RTW support provided by the transplant center, but only 13% indicated that they had received it. Education on RTW challenges, information on disability benefits, and access to physical therapy were among the most requested support interventions.

CONCLUSION: To improve post-HCT quality of life for survivors open to assistance, providers should address work status and goals, recognize barriers to successful return, and offer RTW support including working directly with employers. Allogeneic HCT survivors are particularly vulnerable to failing attempts to RTW and should be the target of retention interventions. A previously published manuscript on RTW guidance for providers of stem cell transplant patients endorsed by the American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy is available Open Access and can be used as a tool to counsel and support these patients.

PMID:38561139 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtct.2024.03.028