Tag: pubmed

Dent Med Probl. 2024 Jan-Feb;61(1):65-70. doi: 10.17219/dmp/133072.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immediate implant placement in the maxillary esthetic zone is a challenging and demanding task. To achieve favorable results, proper case selection and treatment planning are necessary. Variables like the sagittal root position (SRP) and the labial bone thickness (LBT) of maxillary anterior teeth are of paramount importance for predictable outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the SRP and LBT of maxillary anterior teeth in the context of immediate implant placement by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a sample of the Pakistani population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the CBCT scans of patients. The SRP of each tooth (maxillary canine to canine) was evaluated in the sagittal section of a CBCT scan according to the classification by Kan et al. The LBT of each tooth was measured perpendicularly to the long axis of tooth at 3 sites: at the alveolar crest (P1); 2 mm from the alveolar crest (P2); and 4 mm from the alveolar crest (P3). Descriptive statistics were reported for SRP and LBT. The χ2 test was employed to assess any association between the variables.

RESULTS: Class I SRP was the most prevalent (n = 196, 81.7%), while Class III was the least frequent (n = 1, 0.4%). The association between the tooth type and SRP was statistically non-significant (p = 0.510).

CONCLUSIONS: In the evaluated sample of the Pakistani population, the most frequent type of the SRP of maxillary anterior teeth was Class I, which is most favorable for immediate implant placement. Furthermore, the labial bone in the maxillary esthetic zone was found to be mostly thin – LBT was within the range of 0.5-0.9 mm – which makes immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla a challenge. The results of the present study could serve as a guide for clinicians in terms of appropriate patient selection for immediate implant placement in the maxillary esthetic zone.

PMID:38415388 | DOI:10.17219/dmp/133072

Dent Med Probl. 2024 Jan-Feb;61(1):71-76. doi: 10.17219/dmp/146663.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Porosity is a crucial parameter that affects the solubility, sealing and mechanical strength of a material. It plays a significant role in determining the success of treatment.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the porosity of different bioceramic-based materials, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study, 76 permanent lower first or second molars that had been extracted for periodontal reasons and were free of calcification, resorption, root cavities, fractures, or cracks, with discrete roots and complete root apex development were selected. In each of the 4 experimental groups, perforations were made in the furcation areas of 19 molars. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus®, EndoSequence® Root Repair Material (ERRM), Biodentine™, and BioAggregate were placed on the perforated areas of the samples and scanned with a micro-CT to evaluate porosity. The pore volume and the pore percentage with regard to the closed, open and total porosity of these repair materials were calculated individually in each sample.

RESULTS: While no statistically significant differences were found between group I (MTA), group III (Biodentine) and group IV (BioAggregate) when evaluating the total pore percentage (p > 0.05), the parameter in group II (ERRM) was found to be significantly lower as compared to other groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with the other materials used in this study, the use of ERRM may be more suitable for perforation repair.

PMID:38415383 | DOI:10.17219/dmp/146663

Future Oncol. 2024 Feb 28. doi: 10.2217/fon-2023-0995. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Elranatamab efficacy in the single-arm, registrational MagnetisMM-3 trial (NCT04649359) was compared with that of physician’s choice of treatment (PCT) for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma. MagnestisMM-3 eligibility criteria were applied to two USA-based oncology electronic health record databases, COTA and Flatiron Health (FH), to identify cohorts for this study (NCT05932290). Applied statistical techniques accounted for cohort imbalances. MagnetisMM-3 (BCMA-naive; n = 123) outcomes were compared with those from COTA (n = 239) and FH (n = 152). Elranatamab was associated with a significantly higher objective response rate (risk ratios, 1.88-2.25), significantly longer progression-free survival (hazard ratios [HRs], 0.37-0.57), and, across most analyses, significantly longer overall survival (HRs, 0.46-0.66) versus PCT. BCMA-naive patients who were treated with elranatamab exhibited significantly better outcomes than patients treated in real-world clinical practice.

PMID:38415370 | DOI:10.2217/fon-2023-0995

Laterality. 2024 Feb 28:1-15. doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2024.2315856. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The notion of an increased incidence of left handers among architects and visual artists has inspired both scientific theory building and popular discussion. However, a systematic exploration of the available publications provides, at best, modest evidence for this claim. The present preregistered observational study was designed to reinvestigate the postulated association by examining hand preference of visual artists who share their artistic activities as short video clips (“reels”) on the social media platform Instagram. Determining individual hand preference based on five reels for each of N = 468 artists, we identified 42 (8.97%) left handers, suggesting an incidence which is below but statistical comparable to the 10.6% expected for the general population (χ² = 1.30; p = .25; Cohen’s w = 0.05). Also, we did not find any support for the notion that the art created by left-handed artists is of higher quality than art of right handers, as no difference in public endorsement or interest were observed (reflected by the number of likes per post or account followers). Taken together, we do not find any support for difference in artistic engagement or quality between left and right handers.

PMID:38415348 | DOI:10.1080/1357650X.2024.2315856

J Dance Med Sci. 2024 Feb 28:1089313X241233717. doi: 10.1177/1089313X241233717. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To explore reconstructed identities of dancers who experienced an injury, using a model of identity reconstruction post-injury. Methods: An online questionnaire study with 145 dancers who had experienced a significant dance-related injury. Measures included a questionnaire measuring dancers’ reconstructed identities, injury perceptions and injury centrality to self-concept. Statistical analyses included factor analysis, regression analyses and discriminant analysis. Results: Four latent variables discovered “supernormal self,” “former self,” “middle self,” and “resentful self” reconstructed identities. Injury centrality to the self and specific injury perceptions were correlated with reconstructed identity scales in the predicted directions. Conclusions: The findings validated the existence of 4 distinct reconstructed identities associated with time distance from the injury. Classifying injured dancers according to these identities can help dance educators, practitioners and counselors detect dancers needing help and tailor counseling methods to modify the relevant injury perceptions.

PMID:38415345 | DOI:10.1177/1089313X241233717

Ecology. 2024 Feb 28:e4270. doi: 10.1002/ecy.4270. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Spatial synchrony is the tendency for population fluctuations to be correlated among different locations. This phenomenon is a ubiquitous feature of population dynamics and is important for ecosystem stability, but several aspects of synchrony remain unresolved. In particular, the extent to which any particular mechanism, such as dispersal, contributes to observed synchrony in natural populations has been difficult to determine. To address this gap, we leveraged recent methodological improvements to determine how dispersal structures synchrony in giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), a global marine foundation species that has served as a useful system for understanding synchrony. We quantified population synchrony and fecundity with satellite imagery across 11 years and 880 km of coastline in southern California, USA, and estimated propagule dispersal probabilities using a high-resolution ocean circulation model. Using matrix regression models that control for the influence of geographic distance, resources (seawater nitrate), and disturbance (destructive waves), we discovered that dispersal was an important driver of synchrony. Our findings were robust to assumptions about propagule mortality during dispersal and consistent between two metrics of dispersal: (1) the individual probability of dispersal and (2) estimates of demographic connectivity that incorporate fecundity (the number of propagules dispersing). We also found that dispersal and environmental conditions resulted in geographic clusters with distinct patterns of synchrony. This study is among the few to statistically associate synchrony with dispersal in a natural population and the first to do so in a marine organism. The synchronizing effects of dispersal and environmental conditions on foundation species, such as giant kelp, likely have cascading effects on the spatial stability of biodiversity and ecosystem function.

PMID:38415343 | DOI:10.1002/ecy.4270

J Comp Eff Res. 2024 Feb 28:e230110. doi: 10.57264/cer-2023-0110. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aim: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with multi-layer, watertight closure (MLWC) using knotless barbed suture and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate plus polymer mesh tape was compared with conventional closure (CC) using Vicryl™ sutures and staples. Patients & methods: Electronic medical records of patients undergoing TJA (1574: total knee arthroplasty; 580: total hip arthroplasty; 13: unknown) from a single surgeon at a US hospital (CC 2011 to 2013; MLWC 2015 to 2020) were reviewed. Outcomes were length of stay (LOS), discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF), 90-day surgical site infection (SSI) and 90-day readmission. Logistic regression controlled for baseline characteristics. Adjusted interrupted time series (ITS) analyses accounted for decreasing trends in LOS and SNF discharge over time. Results: Among 2167 TJA cases (mean [standard deviation] age 66.0 [9.7] years, 53.3% female), 906 received CC and 1261 received MLWC. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant differences in 90-day SSI rates; however, MLWC patients had 60% lower 90-day readmission rates (1.5 vs 3.8%, p < 0.05), 44% lower LOS (1.4 vs 2.5 days, p < 0.05) and 40% lower discharge rates to a skilled care facility (8.5 vs 14.1%, p < 0.05). Multivariable analyses showed CC patients were 2.45-times more likely to be readmitted within 90 days, 1.88-times more likely to be discharged to SNF and had 1.67-times longer LOS compared with MLWC. ITS analyses showed a sharp decline in LOS (0.9 days) and discharge to SNF (5.6% incidence) after implementation of MLWC, followed by no further changes for the remainder of the study period. Conclusion: MLWC was associated with ≥40% reduction in 90-day readmission, LOS and SNF discharge compared with TJA CC. LOS and discharge rate to SNF declined sharply after the implementation of MLWC.

PMID:38415342 | DOI:10.57264/cer-2023-0110

Clin Otolaryngol. 2024 Feb 28. doi: 10.1111/coa.14148. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric feeding difficulties are common, affecting up to 25% of otherwise healthy children, symptoms include food refusal, gagging, choking, and excessive mealtime duration. These symptoms are commonly described in pre-operative discussions about tonsillectomy. This prospective study explores the impact of tonsillectomy on paediatric feeding difficulties.

DESIGN: This prospective cohort study invited caregivers of children undergoing tonsillectomy to complete a PediEAT questionnaire about their children’s feeding behaviours, pre and post-operatively. The study was completed in two phases with 9 questions administered in phase 1 and three additional questions added for phase 2. A free text comments box was also provided. Responses were graded from 0 to 5, where 0 is ‘never a problem’ and 5 is ‘always a problem’ with eating behaviours.

SETTING: The study was conducted at our institution, a tertiary paediatric ENT unit.

PARTICIPANTS: Children aged between 6 months – 7 years undergoing tonsillectomy for any indication were invited to participate.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes to the Pedi-EAT scores pre and post operatively were the main outcome measure.

RESULTS: 102 participants were recruited between January 2020 and January 2022. The mean age of participants was 4.1 years, 87% had a concurrent adenoidectomy. The mean time to completion of post-operative questionnaire was 23 weeks after surgery. 9 of the 12 questions showed a statistically significant improvement in post-operative scores using a paired student t-test (p < 0.05). The most significant improvements related to ‘gets tired from eating and is not able to finish’ (1.49 pre-op, 0.91 post op, p < 0.01) and ‘eats food that needs to be chewed’ (1.4 pre-op, 0.72 post-op, p < 0.01). 13% of participants only underwent tonsillectomy and this group also showed a statistically significant improvement in fatigue during eating (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Symptoms of fatigue during eating and avoidance of food requiring mastication are most likely to improve following tonsillectomy in children.

PMID:38415339 | DOI:10.1111/coa.14148

East Mediterr Health J. 2024 Jan 21;30(1):68-76. doi: 10.26719/emhj.24.006.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Some review papers and meta-analyses have investigated seroprevalence and fatality trends of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), but it is not clear if its seroprevalence is increasing.

AIM: To investigate the trend in the seroprevalence of CCHF.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the results of a meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of CCHF published in 2019. We used a multilevel mixed effects Poisson regression to find the predictors of seropositivity. To explain the magnitude effect, we reported an incidence rate ratio (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We conducted multilevel modeling using Stata 14 for data analysis.

RESULTS: In the fixed effects model, time was significantly associated with increased seropositivity (IRR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.021-1.030), and no significant association was found for local sampling (IRR = 1.026, 95% CI = 0.988-1.065). In the mixed effects model, random intercepts of the country and parallel of latitude were applied as 3 levels of the model (prevalence rate of each study, nested within countries and latitude parallel). Accordingly, time was significantly associated with a reduction of seropositivity (IRR = 0.899, 95% CI = 0.891-0.907), and local sampling was significantly associated with increased seropositivity (IRR = 2.477, 95% CI = 2.316-2.649).

CONCLUSION: Despite reporting increasing trends for seroprevalence of CCHF in previous reviews and the fixed effects model of the present study, the secondary mixed effects modeling showed a decreasing trend. The multilevel generalized model is recommended for such temporal and spatial designs in the future.

PMID:38415338 | DOI:10.26719/emhj.24.006

East Mediterr Health J. 2024 Jan 21;30(1):32-45. doi: 10.26719/emhj.24.003.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding its epidemiology and burden is critical for targeted interventions.

AIM: To highlight the prevalence, incidence and treatment outcomes of TB in Egypt during the last 2 decades.

METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline/PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. We searched the local databases for unpublished studies, and the reports of international agencies, applying clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search covered prevalence; incidence; treatment outcomes; age, gender and residence of patients; and type of TB. Data were analyzed using STATA version 16.0. Pooled estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was used as effect measures for related variables. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I² statistic with sub-group analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 23 studies from 22 governorates, out of 27 governorates, involving a 139 597 study population met the eligibility requirements with no publication bias. The pooled prevalence was 8.70 (95% CI: 5.80-12.41, I² = 92.7%) and the pooled incidence was 9.10 (95% CI: 6.65-14.86, I² = 95.5%) per 100 000 population. About 82.6% of cases showed cured/completed treatment, 4.4% failure of treatment, and 3.9% died. In the subgroup analyses, the odds of TB prevalence were higher among males than females (2.05; 95% CI: 1.44-3.28), among those living in rural than in urban areas (1.29; 95% CI: 0.61-1.97), in Upper Egypt and Greater Cairo than in Lower Egypt and Delta Region (1.85; 95% CI: 0.97-4.15). The odds of pulmonary TB prevalence were higher than the extrapulmonary TB (2.43; 95% CI: 1.63-5.71). The odds of the treatment cases who were cured/completed (1.04; 95% CI: 0.96-1.51), failed (1.71; 95% CI: 1.35-2.73), and died (1.12; 95% CI: 0.87-1.60) were higher in Lower Egypt than in Upper Egypt.

CONCLUSION: TB incidence decreased in Egypt over the last two decades, but treatment outcomes were unsatisfactory, with variations across the different regions. To achieve TB eradication in Egypt, efforts should be made to sustain the TB control strategy by improving treatment outcomes and intensifying case finding and surveillance reporting.

PMID:38415334 | DOI:10.26719/emhj.24.003