Tag: pubmed

J Affect Disord. 2023 Oct 16:S0165-0327(23)01305-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association of gender on the physical morbidity of individuals likely living with bipolar disorder (BD) using a comprehensive health-related database. It investigated the association between lithium dispensing (a surrogate marker for BD) and other health morbidities, considering age and sex.

METHODS: The cross-sectional study design used the 10 % Schedule of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database in Australia for 2022. Medication dispensing, age, and sex were available. A validated algorithm inferred 45 health morbidities from dispensed medicines. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, assessed the relationship between lithium dispensing, sex, and age with inferred health morbidities.

RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,594,112 individuals aged 10 to over 95 years. A higher proportion of women than men were dispensed lithium (0.33 % vs 0.30 %). Lithium dispensing and age were associated with higher prevalence of inferred morbidities. Women dispensed lithium had a greater physical health burden compared to men, with higher odds of chronic airways diseases, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease/hypertension, inflammation, pain, psychosis, and steroid-responsive diseases. Conversely, women dispensed lithium had lower odds of cardiac arrhythmias and hypothyroidism compared to men.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that individuals with BD, indicated by the dispensing of lithium, experience a relatively higher frequency of physical health morbidities, with women being disproportionally affected compared to men. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive care for people living with BD, particularly women.

PMID:37852583 | DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.115

Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023 Oct 16:102154. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102154. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of Dementia. However, the association between catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation (CA) patients and risk of dementia is not well established with conflicting results to date.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the association between CA patients and the risk of Dementia.

METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries for relevant articles from inception until 10th May 2023. Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled using a random-effect model, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 5 studies with 125649 patients (30192 in the CA group and 95457 in the non-CA group) were included. The mean age of patients among CA and non-CA groups was comparable (58.7 vs. 58.18). The most common comorbidity among CA and non-CA groups was hypertension (18.49% vs. 81.51%) respectively. Pooled analysis of primary outcome showed that CA was associated with significant reduction in the risk of Dementia (HR, 0.63(95%CI: 0.52-0.77), P<0.001). Similarly, pooled analysis of secondary outcomes showed that the patients with CA had a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (HR, 0.78(95%CI: 0.66-0.92), P<0.001) compared with the non-CA group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of vascular dementia (HR, 0.63 (95%CI: 0.38-1.06), P=0.08) between both groups of patients.

CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that catheter ablation reduced the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease compared to the non-ablation group of patients.

PMID:37852556 | DOI:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102154

Metabolism. 2023 Oct 16:155710. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155710. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The present systematic review aimed to synthesize available data from recently published randomized trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of the novel, orally administered, small-molecule glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) orforglipron and danuglipron for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity or both.

METHODS: Literature search was performed through Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library and Scopus until August 16, 2023. Double-independent study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Evidence was pooled with random effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Totally, 1037 patients among seven RCTs were analyzed. All RCTs had low risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool (RoB2). Novel GLP-1RAs led to significant reduction in HbA1c in patients with T2DM compared to controls (MD = -1.03 %; 95 % CI = [-1.29, -0.77]; P < 0.001). A significantly greater weight reduction was also noted both in patients with T2DM or obesity compared to controls (MD = -3.26 kg; 95 % CI = [-4.79, -1.72]; P < 0.001 and MD = -7.52 kg; 95 % CI = [-14.63, -0.41]; P = 0.038, respectively; P for subgroup differences = 0.25). Regarding safety, novel GLP-1RAs showed a neutral effect on the odds of severe hypoglycemia or serious adverse events (OR = 0.34; 95 % CI = [0.09, 1.31]; P = 0.11 and OR = 0.95; 95 % CI = [0.39, 2.34]; P = 0.91, respectively) and significantly higher odds of gastrointestinal, treatment-emergent adverse events (OR = 2.57; 95 % CI = [1.49, 4.42]; P < 0.001) and adverse events leading to discontinuation (OR = 2.89; 95 % CI = [1.22, 6.87]; P = 0.016).

CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence supports that orforglipron and danuglipron are efficient in glycemic control and weight reduction in T2DM, obesity or both. More longitudinal research is warranted in order to provide deeper insights into their efficacy, safety and tolerability before their potential incorporation in the pharmacological arsenal against T2DM or obesity.

PMID:37852529 | DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155710

Autoimmun Rev. 2023 Oct 16:103467. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103467. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Complement levels have been proposed as candidate biomarkers of disease activity and obstetric risk in lupus pregnancies, but their reliability has been questioned due to the physiologic fluctuations of complement levels during gestation. Thus, this network meta-analysis aimed at assessing the clinical significance of complement fluctuations in lupus pregnant women.

METHODS: Corresponding authors of 19 studies meeting inclusion criteria were invited to contribute with additional data including C3 and C4 levels [before pregnancy, at conception, in every trimester (T) and 3 months after delivery]; data were pooled together in a network meta-analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 532 lupus women from four studies were included in the analysis. In SLE women, C3 and C4 increased progressively during gestation: levels remained stable during T1 and peaked in T2 to decrease in T3. Patients with previous lupus nephritis (LN) and those who experienced flares during pregnancy had significantly lower mean levels of C3 and C4 at all timepoints. The lowest levels of complement were observed, particularly during T1, in patients with LN and gestational flare. Both reduction and the lack of increase of C3 and C4 levels at T1 versus conception were associated with gestational flares, particularly in LN patients. Pregnancies with flare had a statistically significant higher rate of maternal and fetal complications (60%vs.50.3%; p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: Low complement levels, particularly in T1, were associated with a higher frequency of gestational flare. Either reduction or smaller increase of C3 and/or C4 levels, even within normal range, might predict flares especially in early gestation.

PMID:37852515 | DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103467

J Fluency Disord. 2023 Sep 30;78:106016. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.106016. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Previous work shows that linguistic features (e.g., word length, word frequency) impact the predictability of stuttering events. Most of this work has been conducted using reading tasks. Our study examined how linguistic features impact the predictability of stuttering events during spontaneous speech.

METHODS: The data were sourced from the FluencyBank database and consisted of interviews with 35 adult stutterers (27,009 words). Three logistic regression mixed models were fit as the primary analyses: one model with four features (i.e., initial phoneme, grammatical function, word length, and word position within a sentence), a second model with six features (i.e., the features from the previous model plus word frequency and neighborhood density), and a third model with nine features (i.e., the features from the previous model plus bigram frequency, word concreteness, and typical age of word acquisition). We compared our models using the Area Under the Curve statistic.

RESULTS: The four-feature model revealed that initial phoneme, grammatical function, and word length were predictive of stuttering events. The six-feature model revealed that initial phoneme, word length, word frequency, and neighborhood density were predictive of stuttering events. The nine-feature model was not more predictive than the six-feature model.

CONCLUSION: Linguistic features that were previously found to be predictive of stuttering during reading were predictive of stuttering during spontaneous speech. The results indicate the influence of linguistic processes on the predictability of stuttering events such that words associated with increased planning demands (e.g., longer words, low frequency words) were more likely to be stuttered.

PMID:37852018 | DOI:10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.106016

Eur J Orthod. 2023 Oct 18:cjad059. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjad059. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: External apical root resorption (EARR) is a side effect of orthodontic treatment that results in root shortening. However, this condition has yet to be evaluated in African Americans. The aim of this study was to determine the EARR prevalence within this ethnicity and investigate how patient and treatment-related factors contribute to root resorption.

METHODS: The records of 336 African Americans treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics were retrospectively analyzed with Dolphin Imaging software. Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were used to measure EARR. Resorption was recorded when final roots were at least 2 mm shorter after orthodontic treatment. Additionally, moderate and severe EARR was reported when 20% and 50% or more of the root structure was lost for any of the four maxillary incisors, respectively. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations of individual patient and treatment-related factors with EARR.

RESULTS: The prevalence of root resorption with 2 mm or greater of root structure loss was 51.8%. The prevalence of ≥ 20% EARR was 29.8%. Only one patient displayed severe resorption (0.3%). The associations between the patient-specific and treatment-specific variables and EARR were not statistically significant (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the African American patients exhibit at least 2 mm of root resorption with orthodontic treatment. However, in this ethnicity, patient-related factors such as age, gender, dental malocclusion, and skeletal classifications, as well as treatment-related factors do not indicate a significant correlation with the risk of developing EARR.

PMID:37851998 | DOI:10.1093/ejo/cjad059

Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2023 Oct 18. doi: 10.1089/ther.2023.0056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of rectal administration of Reduning injection in feverish rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and observe the temperature changes and inflammatory indexes. The selected rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 10 rats in each group, named as normal empty group, model group, intravenous group (2 mL/kg), low-dose enema group (1 mL/kg), middle-dose enema group (2 mL/kg), and high-dose enema group (4 mL/kg). The hourly temperature variations in rats injected with LPS in the abdomen were recorded. Five hours later, blood samples from the abdominal aorta were collected to monitor immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. At 5 hours, the fever peak induced by LPS appeared, and obvious antipyretic effects were observed; the effect was optimal in the medium dose enema group at 4 hours (p < 0.05); the IgM value in the enema groups, the intravenous group, and normal empty group was significantly lower than that in the model group; the IgA value in each group was higher than that in the model group, but there was no statistical significance (p > 0.05); values of IL-6 and TNF-α in each group were lower than those in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant except for the high-dose enema group (p > 0.05). Low-dose and medium-dose rectal administration of Reduning injection have inhibitory effects on IL-6, TNF-α, and IgM in feverish rats induced by LPS, but there is no obvious difference compared to intravenous administration and it could achieve an anti-inflammatory effect. There is a possibility of enhancing IgA immunity with rectal administration, but there is no obvious difference compared to intravenous administration, and rectal administration has no significant effect on mucosal immunity.

PMID:37851988 | DOI:10.1089/ther.2023.0056

J Glaucoma. 2023 Sep 27. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002314. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PRCIS: Reading results in rise in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) which is greater while using smartphones compared to printed text among healthy and medically controlled POAG individuals.

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of reading for 30 minutes using smart phone and printed text on intra-ocular pressure (IOP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 60 healthy volunteers and 22 medically controlled primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients were asked to perform reading tasks using printed text followed by digital (smartphone) text under standardised conditions. IOP assessment was done using rebound tonometer at baseline and subsequently at 10, 20 & 30 minutes of reading and 10 & 20 minutes post completion of reading tasks. IOP variations from baseline were measured and compared. Paired and Independent ‘T’ test analysis was performed to study IOP variations and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The mean baseline IOP among volunteers and POAG patients was 14.58 (± 2.91) and 15.02 (± 2.18) mmHg respectively. There was a rise in IOP in all participants with reading using either of the modalities which normalised after 20 minutes of cessation. There was a statistically significant difference in rise in IOP from baseline between the 2 modalities (printed text reading & smartphone reading) at 20 minutes {+0.78 & +2.01 (P=0.002)} & 30 minutes {+0.64 & +1.72 (P=0.004)} among healthy volunteers and at 20 minutes {+0.78 & +2.01 (P=0.002)} among POAG patients.

CONCLUSION: Reading is associated with rise in IOP in both healthy volunteers and POAG individuals. The IOP rise is more marked with smartphone compared to printed text reading.

PMID:37851972 | DOI:10.1097/IJG.0000000000002314

J Glaucoma. 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002318. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PRECIS: Trabecular meshwork pigmentation is not correlated with angiographically determined aqueous humor outflow in an ex-vivo perfusion model using human eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether segmental trabecular meshwork (TM) pigmentation is correlated to segmental aqueous humor outflow (AHO) in human eyes.

METHODS: Post-mortem human eyes were acquired, and anterior segments were dissected. TM pigmentation was photographed 360-degrees around the eye. The anterior segments were then mounted onto a perfusion apparatus and perfused with DPBS until a stabile baseline outflow facility was achieved. Aqueous angiography (AHO angiography) was performed using fluorescein (2%), and segmental AHO was documented around the limbus using an angiographic camera (Spectralis HRA+OCT). Circumferential and nasal TM pigmentation were compared to respective angiographic outflow imaging using a Pearson’s correlation analysis.

RESULTS: Segmental TM pigment distribution and segmental AHO were seen. TM pigment was statistically greatest in the inferior quadrant. AHO angiographic outflow was numerically greatest in the nasal quadrant, but this was not statistically significant. No statistically significant correlation was observed (r=-0.083, P=0.06) between segmental TM pigmentation and segmental AHO angiographic signal. Analyzing just the nasal quadrant, a significant weak negative correlation was found (r=-0.296, P=0.001).

DISCUSSION: Segmental TM pigmentation circumferentially around the eye is not a good proxy for segmental AHO circumferentially around the eye and should not be used to guide trabecular minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries.

PMID:37851964 | DOI:10.1097/IJG.0000000000002318

Vet Q. 2023 Oct 18:1-34. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2272188. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, a post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application in a single closed tube, is the most straightforward method for simultaneous detection, genotyping, and mutation scanning, enabling more significant dynamic detection and sequencing-free turnaround time. This study aimed to establish a combined reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and HRM (RT-qPCR-HRM) assay for diagnosing and genotyping feline calicivirus (FCV). This developed method was validated with constructed FCV plasmids, clinical samples including nasal and oropharyngeal swabs from living cats, fresh-frozen lung tissues from necropsied cats, and four available FCV vaccines. We performed RT-qPCR to amplify a 99-base pair sequence, targeting a segment between open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2. Subsequently, the HRM assay was promptly applied using Rotor-Gene Q® Software. The results significantly revealed simultaneous detection and genetic discrimination between commercially available FCV vaccine strains, wild-type Thai FCV strains, and VS-FCV strains within a single PCR reaction. There was no cross-reactivity with other common viruses in cats, including feline herpesvirus-1, feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline morbillivirus. The detection limit of the assay was 6.18 × 10¹ copies/μl. The linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the C:G component percentage that presented the melting temperature shift of each strain typing pattern at 0.25 °C to 1% C:G alteration. This study, therefore, is the first demonstration of the uses and benefits of the RT-qPCR-HRM assay for FCV detection and strain differentiation in naturally infected cats.

PMID:37851857 | DOI:10.1080/01652176.2023.2272188