Tag: pubmed

Technol Health Care. 2023 Sep 21. doi: 10.3233/THC-230735. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of ovarian cancer can be significantly improved through standardized surgery and chemotherapy, 70% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients would suffer from drug resistance and recurrence during the long chemotherapy cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of a training mode based on the integration of virtual reality technology and mindfulness on anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy.

METHOD: Through virtual reality technology, a mindfulness training software was designed and developed, and a mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology was constructed. Using a self-controlled design, 48 ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from August 2022 to May 2023 were conveniently selected as the research subjects. The patients were subjected to one week of mindfulness training based on virtual reality technology, and the acceptance of the mindfulness training mode using virtual reality technology was evaluated. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Cancer Related Fatigue Scale (CRF) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and fatigue of patients before and after intervention.

RESULTS: The virtual reality based mindfulness training mode includes four functional modules: personalized curriculum, intelligent monitoring, emotion tracking, and Funny Games. 48 patients had a high acceptance score (139.21 ± 10.47), and after using mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology, anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy were significantly reduced, with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy have a high acceptance of virtual reality based mindfulness training mode. The application of this mode can reduce the psychological problems of anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy, and is worth promoting and using.

PMID:37781832 | DOI:10.3233/THC-230735

Technol Health Care. 2023 Sep 28. doi: 10.3233/THC-230586. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The in-depth understanding of human anatomy is the foundation for safety in nursing practice. Augmented reality is an emerging technology that can be used for integrative learning in nursing education.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to develop a human anatomy-based skill training system and pilot test its usability and feasibility.

METHODS: Twenty-seven nursing students participated in 3D anatomy-based skill training for intramuscular injection and Levin tube feeding using HoloLens 2. Various user interfaces including pictures, videos, animation graphics, and annotation boxes assisted users with a comprehensive understanding of the step-by-step procedures for these techniques. A one-group pre-post test was conducted to observe changes in skill performance competency, usability, and learning satisfaction.

RESULTS: After study participation, a statistically significant improvement in skill performance competency (p< 0.05) was observed. The usability results showed that students were satisfied with the usefulness of the program (9.55 ± 0.49) and scored highly for the intention to participate in other educational programs (9.62 ± 0.59). A high level of learning satisfaction was achieved (9.55 ± 0.49), with positive responses in fostering students’ engagement and excitement in the application of cutting-edge technology.

CONCLUSION: The 3D anatomy-based nursing skill training demonstrated good potential to improve learning outcomes and facilitate engagement in self-directed practice. This can be integrated into undergraduate nursing education as an assistant teaching tool, contributing to the combination of knowledge and practice.

PMID:37781830 | DOI:10.3233/THC-230586

J Alzheimers Dis. 2023 Sep 28. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230584. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Misidentification of dementia in Medicare claims is quite common.

OBJECTIVE: We examined potential race/ethnic disparities in misidentification of dementia in Medicare claims in a diverse cohort of older adults who underwent careful clinical assessment.

METHODS: Participants were enrolled the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a multiethnic, population-based, prospective study of cognitive aging in which dementia status was assessed using a rigorous clinical protocol. ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes in all available Medicare claims (1999-2019) were compared to clinical dementia diagnosis and categorized into three mutually exclusive groups: 1) congruent-, 2) over-, and 3) under- identification during the study period. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between race (White, African American/Black, other) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latinx, non-Hispanic/Latinx) and congruency of dementia identification after controlling for clinical (cognition, function, comorbidities) and demographic characteristics (age, sex, education), and inpatient and outpatient utilization.

RESULTS: Across all person-years, 88.4% had congruent identification of dementia compared to clinical diagnosis, in 4.1% of the times participants were over-identified with dementia, and 7.5% of the times the participants were under-identified. Rates of misidentification was higher in minority participants than in White, non-Hispanic participants. Multivariable estimation results showed that the probability of over-identification with dementia was 2.2% higher for African American/Black than White (p = 0.05) and 2.7% higher for Hispanic participants than non-Hispanics (p = 0.03) participants. Differences in under-identification by race/ethnicity were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: African American/Black and Hispanic participants were more likely over-identified with dementia in Medicare claims.

PMID:37781805 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-230584

J Alzheimers Dis. 2023 Sep 25. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230474. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pork provides higher levels of several nutrients important for cognitive maintenance in older adults. A pilot clinical study suggests the addition of moderate amounts of pork to a Mediterranean-style diet improves cognition in older adults. There is an absence of observational research that isolates effects of pork from other red meats.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of pork intake on cognitive performance in older adults.

METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 cycles were used in these analyses. Pork intake was assessed using data from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Cognitive function was assessed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Word Learning, CERAD Delayed Recall, Animal Fluency, and Digital Substitution tests. Statistical analyses were adjusted for sample weighting and survey design variables to account for the complex design. Student t-tests (continuous variables) and Pearson chi-squared tests (categorical variables) were employed to compare participant characteristics between the low and normal cognitive performance groups. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of pork intake (low, medium, and high) with prevalence of low cognitive performance, with the non-consumer group as the referent category.

RESULTS: Pork intake was not beneficially or detrimentally associated performance on the any of the cognitive tests in both the crude and multivariate models (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Prospective cohort investigations and larger/longer-term clinical trials are needed to fully elucidate effects of pork intake on cognition in older adults.

PMID:37781803 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-230474

Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023 Oct 2. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000514. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hepatocyte injury is assessed by serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase estimation. In psychiatric populations, antipsychotic drugs (AD) are culprit in hepatic dysfunction. To assess transaminitis among psychiatric patients treated by AD. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Zagazig University Hospitals in Egypt, from December 2022 to February 2023. A total of 135 adult patients aged ≥ 18 years, were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders after exclusion of patients receiving any hepatotoxic drugs, viral hepatitis, having chronic liver or kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, mental retardation, and pregnant females. Among the 135 patients, 104 (77.0%) were males. Their age was 32 ± 9, The most popular used class of AD was atypical AD 84 (62.2%). The overall incidence of transaminitis among patients receiving AD was 23/135 (17.04%) of patients; 13 (56.5%) were on atypical AD compared to 10 (43.5%) patients receiving combined AD, without any statistically significant difference. The use of AD in patients with psychiatric disorders is potentially safe with minimal transaminitis (<one-fold elevation). However, baseline and regular monitoring of serum aminotransferase is recommended during treatment.

PMID:37781786 | DOI:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000514

Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023 Oct 2. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000516. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Information on patterns of prescription of long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics among people who are incarcerated is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate prescribing rates for first-generation antipsychotic (FGA)-LAI versus second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)-LAI and to identify the factors associated with the prescription of one of the two classes of LAI. A cross-sectional study was conducted among incarcerated adult males hosted in Monza detention center between January 2013 and April 2023. Socio-demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected. Descriptive and univariate statistics as well as logistic regression analyses were performed. Data were available for 135 consecutive incarcerated adult males with different mental disorders who received a LAI as part of their treatment. 75.6% of our sample was treated with FGA-LAIs, with haloperidol as the most commonly prescribed drug, followed by zuclopentixol and aripiprazole. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder and concomitant administration of antidepressants were statistically significant predictors of SGA-LAI prescription. Some patients’ characteristics may influence prescription patterns in prison. Further longitudinal studies with larger samples should confirm these findings.

PMID:37781763 | DOI:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000516

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol. 2023 Sep 17;43:100678. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100678. eCollection 2023 Nov.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers in the USA, and their incidence is rising. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is commonly performed to excise NMSCs. MMS replaced superficial radiotherapy (SRT) as a first line treatment, given its superior efficacy. Image-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) was invented to improve the precision of SRT. This study investigates how the 2-year recurrence probability of IGSRT-treated NMSCs compares to that of MMS-treated lesions.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared the 2-year recurrence probability of early stage NMSCs (squamous and basal cell carcinomas (SCCs and BCCs)) treated by IGSRT (2,286 lesions) to data on NMSCs treated by MMS (5,391 lesions) via one sample proportion tests. Medical Subject Headings were used to search PubMed for reports of 2-year recurrence probability rates of NMSCs treated by MMS. Seventeen studies were screened; 14 studies were excluded for lack of 2-year time to event analysis, or irrelevant patient population (non-BCC/SCC study, advanced disease), leaving 3 studies for comparison.

RESULTS: IGSRT-treated NMSCs have a statistically significantly improved 2-year recurrence probability than those treated by MMS, P < 0.001 for pooled data.

CONCLUSION: The 2-year recurrence probability IGSRT-treated NMSCs is superior to MMS-treated and supports IGSRT as an effective treatment option for individuals with early stage NMSCs.

PMID:37781716 | PMC:PMC10539860 | DOI:10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100678

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 14;14:1088670. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1088670. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Objective: PB-119, a PEGylated exenatide injection, is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PB-119 on insulin resistance and beta-cell function in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to uncover its antidiabetic characteristics. Methods: A total of 36 Chinese T2DM patients were randomized to receive 25 μg and 50 μg PB-119 once weekly and exenatide (5-10 μg injected under the skin 2 times a day adjusted by the doctor) for 12 weeks. Oral mixed meal tolerance tests were conducted before the study and on Day 79. The data were fitted to estimate beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity parameters using the SAAM II package integrating the oral minimal model (OMM), which was compared with Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) analysis results. Results: Exenatide or PB-119 treatment, compared with their baseline, was associated with higher beta-cell function parameters (φ_b, φ_s and φ_tot), disposition index, insulin secretion rates, and a lower glucose area under the curve. High-dose PB-119 also has a higher insulin resistance parameter (SI) than the baseline, but HOMA-IR did not. For the homeostatic model assessment parameters, HOMA-IR showed no statistically significant changes within or between treatments. Only high-dose PB-119 improved HOMA-β after 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: After 12 weeks of treatment, PB-119 decreased glycemic levels by improving beta-cell function and insulin resistance.

PMID:37781697 | PMC:PMC10539604 | DOI:10.3389/fphar.2023.1088670

Metabol Open. 2023 Sep 21;20:100257. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257. eCollection 2023 Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer’s disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention.

METHODS: Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer’s disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer’s, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer.

RESULTS: Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer’s Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets.

CONCLUSION: The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.

PMID:37781687 | PMC:PMC10539673 | DOI:10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257

J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob. 2023 Jul 5;2(4):100138. doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100138. eCollection 2023 Nov.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is currently little research into factors predicting the results of an initial diagnostic oral food challenge (OFC) test for food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES).

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to identify predictors of the diagnosis of hen’s egg yolk-induced FPIES (HEY-FPIES).

METHODS: The present monocentric study was performed at Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center and included patients who underwent hen’s egg yolk OFC (HEY-OFC) between March 2018 and March 2023 to assess for HEY-FPIES. The baseline characteristics of the groups and HEY-OFC positivity or negativity were then compared. Univariate analysis was conducted by using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher exact test. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to create probability curves.

RESULTS: In total, 35 patients were analyzed; of these, 17 were HEY-OFC-positive. No significant difference was observed between the HEY-OFC-positive and HEY-OFC-negative groups in terms of background factors except for the HEY-LST value, which was significantly higher in the HEY-LST group (P = .027). Receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve for HEY-OFC positivity using the HEY-LST value was 0.719 (95% CI = 0.541-0.897). The statistically optimal cutoff value for the HEY-LST was 610%, which had a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 64.7% and 83.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that the HEY-LST may be a useful predictor of the result of an initial OFC for HEY-FPIES.

PMID:37781670 | PMC:PMC10509954 | DOI:10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100138