Tag: pubmed

Acta Neurol Belg. 2026 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s13760-026-03120-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet registry-based data from developing countries remain limited. This study reports the establishment and feasibility of the Iranian Deep Brain Stimulation Registry for Parkinson’s Disease (IDBSR-PD).

METHODS: We conducted a single-center feasibility study at the Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, including all PD patients undergoing DBS implantation since 2014. Primary feasibility outcomes included patient enrollment coverage, follow-up adherence, data completeness, multidisciplinary implementation, and the sustainability of technical infrastructure. Secondary outcomes included descriptive patient characteristics. Only descriptive statistics were performed; no hypothesis testing or longitudinal outcome analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: A total of 208 patients were enrolled (65.4% male; mean age 58.4 ± 10.2 years). Enrollment increased progressively over time, peaking in 2024 (n = 41). Patients were referred from multiple provinces across Iran. Data validation mechanisms and regular surveillance ensured acceptable data completeness.

CONCLUSIONS: The IDBSR-PD demonstrates the feasibility and sustainability of a web-based DBS registry in a developing country. These findings confirm the viability of structured data collection and provide a foundation for future multicenter and longitudinal outcome research.

PMID:42332325 | DOI:10.1007/s13760-026-03120-x

J Neurovirol. 2026 Jun 22;32(4):21. doi: 10.1007/s13365-026-01318-6.

ABSTRACT

Brain health disorders (BHDs) remain a concern for people with HIV (PWH) despite antiretroviral therapy access and viral suppression. The contribution of HIV to brain health is often obscured by comorbidities in high-income settings which are less prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of axonal injury, may offer insight into underlying mechanisms. 338 virally-suppressed PWH and 250 people without HIV (PWoH) completed a Research Domain Criteria-informed battery assessing cognitive, sensorimotor, and social processing systems. Demographically-adjusted norms were derived from PWoH. Serostatus differences in impairment (≥ 1SD below the mean) were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Additional models examined associations between NfL (plasma, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) and task performance. PWH were similar to PWoH in age (43.9 vs. 43.5yrs), sex (female, 54 vs. 46%), and education (6.1 vs. 5.8yrs). PWH had higher odds of impairment in the cognitive control and attention (Color Trails, Symbol Digit) and sensorimotor (Grooved Pegboard) domains. Plasma NfL was associated with sensorimotor impairment in both groups. Similar trends held in CSF NfL but did not reach statistical significance, likely due to sample size (n = 85). Cognitive and sensorimotor difficulties are common in PWH in Rakai, independent of typical Western confounders. The profile of impairment differs from reports in high-income settings where declarative memory deficits are often observed. NfL was associated with sensorimotor impairment, suggesting that NfL may capture ongoing axonal injury and motor system vulnerability in PWH and PWoH. These findings suggest NfL’s potential as a biomarker of sensorimotor impairment in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID:42332320 | DOI:10.1007/s13365-026-01318-6

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026 Jun 22. doi: 10.1007/s00266-026-06020-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Superior orbital sulcus hollowness is a common aesthetic concern that may result from structural changes, trauma, or excessive fat removal during upper blepharoplasty, and it can be further exacerbated by age-related orbital remodeling. Traditional corrective approaches such as fat redistribution and autologous fat grafting carry limitations, including graft atrophy and the risk of embolic complications. This study evaluated the safety and outcomes of superior orbital sulcus correction using a medial-pedicled preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle flap.

METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 481 patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty between January 2017 and June 2024, of whom 45 received additional correction of superior orbital sulcus hollowness with a medial-pedicled preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle flap. Exclusion criteria included male sex, previous upper eyelid surgery, levator dehiscence, less than six months of follow-up, and refusal to complete the FACE-Q Adverse Effects questionnaire. The mean follow-up duration was 8 months, and the mean patient age was 51.4 years. Postoperative complications and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated and compared with those of patients undergoing conventional upper blepharoplasty.

RESULTS: Early postoperative complications, including transient lagophthalmos and edema, were self-limiting. In the conventional blepharoplasty group, 16 patients developed medial canthal scarring, with four requiring revision. In the flap group, transient supraorbital hypoesthesia occurred in 71% of patients and resolved within a few months, and no cases of flap necrosis were observed. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated no significant difference in FACE-Q scores between the two groups (U = 8828.0, p = 0.251).

CONCLUSION: The medial-pedicled preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle flap appears to be a safe, reproducible, and anatomically sound technique for selected patients with superior orbital sulcus hollowness. Although the relatively uniform flap volume may not fully correct the deformity in all cases and patient numbers were limited, this method provides a promising alternative to fat grafting without adding long-term complications, with the potential to enhance aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:42332315 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-026-06020-w

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026 Jun 22. doi: 10.1007/s00266-026-05982-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Migration is one of the most feared complications following lip filler. The use of a specific filler with a high degree of elasticity and cohesiveness could be the key to solve the problem if injections are performed in the correct anatomical plane. The purpose of this study was to describe the authors’ 5-year experience with a new concept of lip filling, iLips. This reproducible approach combines elasticity and cohesiveness of a 25,5 mg/ml filler injected through superficial micro-tunnels in a virtual space between orbicularis muscle and mucosa creating a tridimensional net that respects lip dynamic also leading to a low risk of filler migration.

METHODS: A total of 4583 consecutive patients who underwent lip filler with iLips technique were enrolled in this prospective study. An objective evaluation on the aesthetic results was obtained by a jury composed of 3 external plastic surgeons using Lip Fullness Merz scale. PROMs were investigated through FACE-Q administration to the patients (“Psychological function”, “Satisfaction with outcome” and “Satisfaction with lips” scales). Statistical analysis was performed through Prism10. Complications were reported.

RESULTS: t-test with Welch’s correction showed an improvement in Lip Fullness Merz score both in upper and lower lip (p<0.05). A similar trend was shown also for “Psychological function”, “Satisfaction with outcome” and “Satisfaction with lips” mean values after the procedure. Just 2 cases of major vascular complications were reported.

CONCLUSION: iLips ® seem to be a safe, highly reproducible, effective and satisfying approach for lip augmentation positively impacting also the patient’s psychological sphere.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:42332314 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-026-05982-1

Surg Endosc. 2026 Jun 22. doi: 10.1007/s00464-026-13034-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Contemporary abdominal wall reconstruction places a strong emphasis on optimizing extraperitoneal mesh placement. When the posterior layer is insufficient for closure, adjuncts such as hernia sac, omentum, or Vicryl mesh have been described. The outcomes of various posterior layer supplementation (PLS) materials, both autologous and non-autologous, have not been well examined. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing ventral hernia repair with extraperitoneal mesh placement who undergo PLS and compare how PLS materials impact these outcomes.

METHODS: All patients who underwent a retromuscular hernia (RM) repair with PLS between Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 at a single center were reviewed. Patient demographics, preoperative characteristics, intraoperative factors, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and comparative tests including Mann-Whitney U test, Student’s t-test, and Fisher’s exact test were utilized.

RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients underwent RM repair with PLS. Supplement materials used included hernia sac, omentum, falciform ligament, prior mesh, new biologic, and biosynthetic coated mesh. Fifty-two percent (n = 35) of the repairs were retrorectus only and 48% (n = 32) were transversus abdominus releases. The average length of follow-up was 189 days with a recurrence rate of 3%. Sixty percent of PLS was performed with autologous material with 40% utilizing new biologic or biosynthetic coated meshes. SSI, SSO, and SSOPI were similar between the autologous and non-autologous supplementation groups (p = 1, p = 0.16, p = 0.29, respectively). There were more postoperative bowel obstructions in the non-autologous group (n = 4) as compared to the autologous group (n = 0) (p = 0.02). All the bowel obstructions were managed nonoperatively.

DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that outcomes are acceptable with minimal morbidity when comparing autologous tissue to biologic and biosynthetic coated mesh for PLS. The low recurrence rates observed, regardless of the material used, support the continued adoption of this approach. Proactive supplementation of the visceral sac may decrease need for lateral myofascial release.

PMID:42332310 | DOI:10.1007/s00464-026-13034-7

Eur J Pediatr. 2026 Jun 22;185(7):513. doi: 10.1007/s00431-026-07192-y.

ABSTRACT

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous disease often preceding food allergy (FA). However, it remains unclear how different developmental trajectories of AD/eczema influence the risk of FA. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal AD/eczema phenotypes from infancy to early adolescence and evaluate their specific associations with FA risk. We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century in Japan, including 23,767 participants followed from age 0.5 to 12 years. Distinct AD/eczema phenotypes were identified using group-based trajectory modeling derived from healthcare visit histories. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between AD/eczema phenotypes and cumulative FA healthcare visit history, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and asthma comorbidity. Five AD/eczema phenotypes were identified: “Early-onset transient” (6.4%), “Early-onset persistent” (23.2%), “Toddler-onset persistent” (17.3%), “Late-onset” (2.1%), and “No/minimal symptoms” (51.0%). Compared with the “No/minimal symptoms” group, all AD/eczema phenotypes were associated with increased FA risk. The “Early-onset transient” (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.33; 95% CI, 1.98-2.74) and “Early-onset persistent” (aOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.10-2.59) groups showed the strongest associations. The “Late-onset” phenotype was also associated with increased risk (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.93), with elevated risk observed in early childhood preceding the peak of overt skin symptoms.

CONCLUSION: Distinct developmental trajectories of AD/eczema are differentially associated with FA risk. While early-onset phenotypes confer the highest risk, the elevated risk in “Late-onset” trajectories before peak symptoms suggests shared underlying susceptibility or subclinical pathology. Monitoring FA development is important across all clinical trajectories of AD/eczema.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a primary precursor for the atopic march, but how different longitudinal trajectories influence food allergy (FA) risk remains unclear. • Early-onset persistent AD is considered to pose the highest risk for FA.

WHAT IS NEW: • Early-onset transient AD/eczema carries a high FA risk comparable to persistent cases, indicating that timing of onset is more critical than disease duration for FA development. • Late-onset AD/eczema trajectories show elevated FA risk in early childhood preceding peak skin symptoms, suggesting shared underlying susceptibility or subclinical pathology.

PMID:42332302 | DOI:10.1007/s00431-026-07192-y

Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2026 Jun 22. doi: 10.1007/s44402-026-00124-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Laboratory and patient-oriented research on photoreceptors and vision in ageing and early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were conducted in parallel starting in the 1990s by Christine Curcio and Cynthia Owsley, respectively. They joined forces in two longitudinal observation studies, the Alabama Study on Age-related Macular Degeneration (ALSTAR) in 2009 and in ALSTAR2 in 2019, together involving >1100 participants. These studies established rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) measured close to the fovea as the first functional biomarker for incident early AMD and the progression of AMD. These studies used standardised grading of colour fundus photography and prioritised large samples for statistical power. RMDA is a global measure of dysregulated transport between the circulation and photoreceptors, involving at least seven different steps in a retinoid re-supply route especially needed by rods, and a surrogate for the delivery of other essentials across this route. The choice of functional and imaging outcome measures was informed by a model of AMD pathophysiology based on drusen biology, as discovered in the laboratory using high-quality human donor eyes. Specifically, high-risk drusen in the central retina were thought to result from large lipoproteins constitutively made by the retinal pigment epithelium and impaired in transit to circulation by ageing changes in Bruch’s membrane and choriocapillaris. Imaging studies in ALSTAR/2 thus included optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography assessments of choriocapillaris flow signal and OCT assessments of outer bands involved in intercellular transfer (interdigitation zone). Of seven vision tests utilised in ALSTAR2, only RMDA achieved a Minimum Clinically Important Difference at 3 years follow-up. This research highlights the importance of developing functionally valid structural endpoints for use in early and intermediate AMD intervention trials. Research to date supports the idea that functional changes emerge earlier than structural changes in early and intermediate AMD. Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT04112667 (registration date October 7, 2019).

PMID:42332292 | DOI:10.1007/s44402-026-00124-1

Support Care Cancer. 2026 Jun 22;34(7):679. doi: 10.1007/s00520-026-10914-5.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most prevalent and distressing psychological concerns among cancer survivors. This study examined the association between somatosensory amplification (SSA) and FCR and tested whether emotion regulation (ER) difficulties moderate this relationship.

METHODS: A sample of 116 adult cancer survivors (Mage = 47.24) completed validated self-report measures assessing SSA, ER difficulties, and FCR. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, controlling for anxiety symptom severity, age, gender, and time since treatment completion.

RESULTS: Neither SSA nor ER difficulties were associated with FCR. Yet, the interaction between SSA and ER difficulties was statistically significant. Specifically, the positive association between SSA and FCR was evident at low and mean levels of ER difficulties, but not at high levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the relationship between heightened bodily sensitivity and FCR may differ according to levels of ER difficulties. Future research should explore longitudinal pathways and relevant intervention-based outcomes.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Screening for SSA and ER difficulties in survivorship care may help identify individuals for whom heightened bodily sensitivity is associated with increased FCR.

PMID:42332285 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-026-10914-5

Neurocrit Care. 2026 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s12028-026-02563-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Subsequent to an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a cascade of neuroinflammatory response drives the process of secondary brain injury. At present, no anti-inflammatory nor neuroprotective pharmacological interventions have been demonstrated to improve functional outcome after ICH. This Phase 2b study was designed to establish the safety and feasibility of CN-105, a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory pentapeptide designed from the receptor binding region of apolipoprotein E, in patients with acute primary supratentorial ICH.

METHODS: The Singapore CN-105 in Participants with Acute Supratentorial ICH Trial (S-CATCH, NCT03711903) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 60 patients (30 CN-105, 30 placebo) treated within 12 h of symptom onset. Safety was assessed through adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs), while efficacy was evaluated using functional outcome measures, including the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days.

RESULTS: CN-105 was safe and well tolerated in patients with acute ICH, with no significant differences in incidence of SAEs between groups (30% SAEs in placebo vs. 26.7% in CN-105). Notably, fewer patients treated with CN-105 group experienced in-hospital neurological deterioration (0 vs. 10% in placebo). While treatment was not associated with a statistically significant improvement in 90-day mRS, higher proportion of patients treated with CN-105 achieved favorable mRS scores (≤ 3) compared with those in the placebo group (77.8 vs. 66.7%; p = 0.35).

CONCLUSIONS: This Phase 2b trial confirmed the safety and feasibility of CN-105 administration in the acute setting of ICH. Although no statistically significant improvements in neurological outcomes were found, the observed trends warrant further investigation. Future Phase 3 trials should focus on refining patient selection and assessing the therapeutic efficacy of CN-105 in more targeted subgroups such as those with medium-sized subcortical ICH. Trial registration NCT03711903, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03711903?term=NCT03711903&rank=1 . Registered 16 October 2018.

PMID:42332280 | DOI:10.1007/s12028-026-02563-7

Int Orthop. 2026 Jun 22. doi: 10.1007/s00264-026-06921-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Accurate acetabular cup placement is essential in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We hypothesized that the newly introduced Computed Tomography (CT)-based portable navigation system would demonstrate accuracy comparable to that of the imageless portable navigation system. The aim of this study was to compare cup placement accuracy between the CT-based and imageless portable navigation systems of the same platform in THA performed in the lateral decubitus position.

METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 36 patients who underwent primary THA via a direct lateral approach in the lateral decubitus position. In all cases, both imageless and CT-based portable navigation systems were used concurrently. Postoperative cup alignment was evaluated using three-dimensional CT (3D-CT). The primary outcome was the absolute error in cup inclination and anteversion, defined as the difference between intraoperative navigation values and postoperative 3D-CT measurements in the functional. Secondary outcomes included outlier rates and registration success rates.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between the imageless and CT-based portable navigation systems in the mean absolute error for inclination (2.2 ± 1.8° vs. 2.3 ± 1.8°, p = 0.93) or anteversion (2.3 ± 2.3° vs. 2.6 ± 2.5°, p = 0.41). There were no significant differences in outlier proportions. The registration success rate was 92% (36/39) due to three technical failures.

CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, the CT-based portable navigation system demonstrated cup placement accuracy comparable to that of the imageless portable navigation system. Although the CT-based system may provide additional spatial information intraoperatively, its impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear and requires further longitudinal investigation.

PMID:42332259 | DOI:10.1007/s00264-026-06921-0