Tag: pubmed

Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2023 Oct 26. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51925. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a milder variant of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal X-linked muscular disorder. Here, we aim to investigat the clinical involvement of skeletal, respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous systems in patients with BMD, as well as genotype-phenotype relationships.

METHODS: This nationwide cohort study investigated the clinical manifestations and genotype-phenotype relationships in 225 patients with BMD having in-frame deletion from 22 medical centers. The primary outcome was to elucidate the association of genotype with skeletal muscle, respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 31.5 (range, 1-81) years. Initial symptoms of BMD were muscular (60%), followed by asymptomatic hypercreatine kinasemia (32.4%) and central nervous system disorders (5.3%). Gait disturbance was observed in 53.8% of patients and the average age at wheelchair introduction was 36.5 years. The ventilator introduction rate was 6.7% at an average age of 36.6 years. More than 30% of patients had an abnormal electrocardiogram and approximately 15% had heart failure symptoms. Cardiac function on echocardiography varied significantly among the patients. The frequencies of seizures and intellectual/developmental disability were 8.0% and 16.9%, respectively. Exon 45-47deletion (del) was the most common (22.6%), followed by exon 45-48del (13.1%). Patients with exon 45-49del patients demonstrated severe skeletal muscle damage. Patients with exon 45-47del and exon 45-55del patients did not require ventilator use.

INTERPRETATION: The study provides important prognostic information for patients and clinicians to establish therapy plans and to implement preventative medicine.

PMID:37882106 | DOI:10.1002/acn3.51925

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2023 Oct 26. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12919. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Favipiravir is an antiviral agent, recently used for COVID-19 infections. Several reports associate favipiravir intake with Wood’s lamp fluorescence of hair, nails, and sclera. The present study was designed to elucidate the positivity rates, and sites of favipiravir-related fluorescence and to unravel the site-specific changes in fluorescence positivity rates by a function of time past exposure.

METHODS: The study population comprised 50 patients and 50 control individuals. All patients in the patient group had received a full dose of favipiravir for COVID-19 infection. Fifty volunteers served as the control group. Wood’s lamp examination was performed in a completely darkened room, and the positivity rate, extent, pattern, and distribution of fluorescence were recorded.

RESULTS: Wood’s light revealed fluorescence of the fingernails, toenails, sclera, and hair in 35 (70%), 35 (70%), 22 (44%), and 8 (16%) patients, respectively. No control individual tested positive by Wood’s lamp. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between patient and control groups in terms of Wood’s light luminescence in the fingernails (p = .000), toenails (p = .000), sclera (p = .000) and hair (p = .003). Although fingernail, toenail, and hair fluorescence positivity rates declined or ceased at or after 91 days of favipiravir exposure, ocular fluorescence positivity rates were prolonged up to 188 days.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that favipiravir may produce fluorescence of nails, sclera, and hair, detectable by Wood’s light starting from the initial month and peaking at second- and third months following exposure to the medication. Although nail and hair fluorescence tend to abate after 3 months, ocular fluorescence may persist even longer than 6 months after cessation of the medication.

PMID:37882104 | DOI:10.1111/phpp.12919

Rev Neurol. 2023 Oct 31;77(S03):S1-S7. doi: 10.33588/rn.77S03.2023212.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The management of motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be challenging, and current therapeutic options include the use of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (MAO-B inhibitors), among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of safinamide in the clinical practice carried out in the Toledo Movement Disorders Unit.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which data were collected at baseline and at six months from PD patients who were started on safinamide as an add-on therapy with a stable dose of levodopa in line with standard clinical practice. An analysis was performed by subgroups: patients who were given low-dose safinamide and patients who previously received rasagiline.

RESULTS: Ninety patients (47 previously received rasagiline) completed the six-month follow-up. A statistically significant decrease in morning akinesia, nocturnal akinesia, wearing off, unpredictable off phenomenon and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III was observed both in those who previously received rasagiline and in those treated with low doses of safinamide. No variation was found in the dyskinesias. The adverse events described were mild, with generalised weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache and alopecia.

CONCLUSIONS: Safinamide has been shown to be effective and safe in improving motor fluctuations, motor symptoms and the subjective perception of disease severity in PD patients previously receiving rasagiline and in those receiving low-dose safinamide, all of which is accompanied by a good safety profile.

PMID:37882094 | DOI:10.33588/rn.77S03.2023212

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 Oct 26. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003320. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Sprinting often provokes hip pain in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Asphericity of the femoral head-neck junction (cam morphology) characteristic of FAIS can increase risk of anterior-superior acetabular cartilage damage. This study aimed to: 1) compare hip contact forces (magnitude and direction) during sprinting between individuals with FAIS, asymptomatic cam morphology (CAM), and controls without cam morphology, and 2) identify the phases of sprinting with high levels of anteriorly directed hip contact forces.

METHODS: Forty-six recreationally active individuals with comparable levels of physical activity were divided into three groups (FAIS = 14; CAM = 15; control = 17) based on their history of hip/groin pain, results of a clinical impingement test, and presence of cam morphology (alpha angle>55°). Three-dimensional marker trajectories, ground reaction forces, and electromyograms (EMG) from 12 lower-limb muscles were recorded during 10 m overground sprinting trials. A linearly scaled EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal model was used to calculate hip contact force magnitude (resultant, anterior-posterior, inferior-superior, medio-lateral) and angle (sagittal and frontal planes). Between-group comparisons were made using 2-sample t-tests via statistical parametric mapping (P < 0.05).

RESULTS: No significant differences in magnitude or direction of hip contact forces were observed between FAIS and CAM or between FAIS and control groups during any phase of the sprint cycle. The highest anteriorly directed hip contact forces were observed during the initial swing phase of the sprint cycle.

CONCLUSIONS: Hip contact forces during sprinting do not differentiate recreationally active individuals with FAIS from asymptomatic individuals with and without cam morphology. Hip loading during early swing, where peak anterior loading occurs, may be a potential mechanism for cartilage damage during sprinting related sports in individuals with FAIS and/or asymptomatic cam morphology.

PMID:37882088 | DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003320

Ren Fail. 2023;45(2):2270078. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2270078. Epub 2023 Oct 26.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sex-specific trends over time with respect to kidney graft survival have scarcely been described in earlier studies. The present study aimed to examine whether kidney graft survival differs between women and men over time.

METHODS: This study was based on prospectively collected data extracted from a quality registry including all kidney transplant patients between January 1965 and September 2017 at the transplantation center of a university hospital in Sweden. The transplantation center serves a population of approximately 3.5 million inhabitants. Only the first graft for each patient was included in the study resulting in 4698 transplantations from unique patients (37% women, 63% men). Patients were followed-up until graft failure, death, or the end of the study. Death-censored graft survival analysis after kidney transplantation (KT) was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test, and analysis adjusted for confounders was performed using multivariable Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS: Median age at transplantation was 48 years (quartiles 36-57 years) and was similar for women and men. Graft survival was analyzed separately in four transplantation periods that represented various immunosuppressive regimes (1965-1985, 1986-1995, 1996-2005, and 2006-2017). Sex differences in graft survival varied over time (sex-by-period interaction, p = 0.026). During the three first periods, there were no significant sex differences in graft survival. However, during the last period, women had shorter graft survival (p = 0.022, hazard ratio (HR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.7, adjusted for covariates). Biopsy-proven rejections were more common in women.

CONCLUSIONS: In this registry-based study, women had shorter graft survival than men during the last observation period (years 2006-2017).

PMID:37882045 | DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2023.2270078

Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2022;53(1):1969-1989. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2042999. Epub 2023 Oct 26.

ABSTRACT

Digital recombinase polymerase amplification (dRPA) aims to quantify the initial amount of nucleic acid by dividing nucleic acid and all reagents required for the RPA reaction evenly into numerous individual reaction units, such as chambers or droplets. dRPA turns out to be a prominent technique for quantifying the absolute quantity of target nucleic acid because of its advantages including low equipment requirements, short time consumption, as well as high sensitivity and specificity. dRPA combined with microfluidics are recognized as simple, various, and high-throughput nucleic acid quantization systems. This paper classifies the microfluidic dRPA systems over the last decade. We analyze and summarize the vital technologies of various microfluidic dRPA systems (e.g., chip preparation process, segmentation principle, microfluidic control, and statistical analysis methods), and major efforts to address limitations (e.g., prevention of evaporation and contamination, accurate initiation, and reduction of manual operation). In addition, this paper summarizes key factors and potential constraints to the success of the microfluidic dRPA to help more researchers, and possible strategies to overcome the mentioned challenges. Lastly, actual suggestions and strategies are proposed for the subsequent development of microfluidic dRPA.

PMID:37881955 | DOI:10.1080/10408347.2022.2042999

J Biosoc Sci. 2023 Oct 26:1-16. doi: 10.1017/S0021932023000226. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A known health effect of widowhood is an increased mortality risk among surviving spouses, with gender- and age-specific observations. While morbidity conditions with socio-economic factors may exacerbate the effect of widowhood on mortality, no research has attempted to predict mortality among the widowed over the married population with the presence of morbidity in India. Thus, the present study concurrently examines marital status and health in the Indian setting, bringing substantial empirical evidence to explore the link between marital status, morbidity, and mortality. The study used prospective data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS) wave 1 (2004-2005) and wave 2 (2011-2012). In total, 82,607 individuals aged 25 years and above were considered for the analysis. To present the preliminary findings, descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used. Using multivariable logistic regression, the interaction effect of marital status and morbidity status was estimated to predict the likelihood of mortality. Across all socio-economic groups, widowed individuals reporting any morbidity had a higher mortality proportion than married people. Young widowers with any morbidity are more susceptible to increased mortality. Asthma among young widowers and cardiovascular diseases among elderly widowers significantly elevate the probability of mortality. However, older widowed women with diabetes had a lower probability of mortality than older married women with diabetes. The widowers’ disadvantage in mortality and morbidity may be attributable to less care-receiving and the greater incidence of unhealthy lifestyle practices during the post-widowhood period, indicating the need for more research.

PMID:37881942 | DOI:10.1017/S0021932023000226

Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2023 Oct 25;36(10):996-1004. doi: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.10.016.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the clinical efficacy of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and ankle arthrodesis (AA) in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis.

METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis with AA or TAA from the establishment of the database to June 2021. Bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale(AOFAS), visual analog scale (VAS), ankle osteoarthritis scale(AOS), gait analysis (pace, frequency, stride), range of motion (ROM), satisfaction, complications and reoperation rate were analyzed by meta-analysis between AA and TAA groups by RevMan 5.3 software.

RESULTS: A total of 12 articles were included, including 1 050 patients in the AA group and 3 760 patients in the TAA group, totaling 4 810 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the total score of AOFAS[MD=-3.12, 95%CI(-9.02, 2.96), P=0.31], pain score [MD=1.60, 95%CI(-1.35, 4.54), P=0.29], alignmentl score[MD=-0.04, 95%CI(-0.52, 0.44), P=0.88], VAS[MD=0.10, 95%CI(-0.49, 0.68), P=0.74], and AOS total score [MD=-4.01, 95%CI(-8.28, 0.25), P=0.06], the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The score of AOFAS functional in TAA group was significantly higher than that in TAA group[MD=44.22, 95%CI(-8.01, -0.43), P=0.03]. There was no significant difference in gait analysis between the two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative ROM [MD=-4.93, 95%CI(-6.35, -3.52), P<0.000 01] and change in ROM from preoperative to follow-up[MD=-5.74, 95%CI(-8.88, -2.61), P=0.0003] between two groups, the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups [OR=1.011, 95%CI(0.46, 2.23), P=0.98]. Complications [OR=1.61, 95%CI(1.26, 2.06), P=0.0002] and non-revision reoperation [OR=1.61, 95%CI(1.17, 2.21), P=0.003] were significantly lower in the TAA group than in the AA group. There was no significant difference in the rate of revision and reoperation(P>0.05) between the two groups [OR=1.02, 95%CI(0.37, 2.78), P=0.97].

CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy of AA is similar to that of TAA, but the non revision reoperation rate and main surgical complications of TAA are significantly reduced. Therefore, further high-quality methodological research and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm this conclusion.

PMID:37881935 | DOI:10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.10.016

Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2023 Oct 25;36(10):959-64. doi: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.10.010.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical efficacy of different manipulation in the treatment of cervical instability in young people, and to analyze the risk factors of relapse of cervical instability in young people.

METHODS: From March 2021 to June 2022, the clinical data of 120 young patients with cervical instability were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into rotation group (60 cases, 3 cases of loss) and tendon group (60 cases, 5 cases of loss). There were 25 males and 32 females in rotation-traction manipulation group;age ranged from 22 to 44 years old with a median of 28 years old;course of disease ranged from 0.17 to 120 months with amedian of 22 months. There were 22 males and 33 females in tendon-regulating manipulation group;age ranged from 21 to 42 years old with a median of 27 years old;course of disease ranged from 0.23 to 180 months with a median of 24 months. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks, once every other day for 7 times, and were followed up for 1 year. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated, and the visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) were observed before and after treatment. One year after the course of treatment, patients with effective treatment were followed up to make statistics on recurrence. Patients with recurrence were included in the recurrence group, while those without recurrence were included in the non-recurrence group. Factors that may affect symptom recurrence were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed.

RESULTS: The 13 patients who failed the treatment (4 cases in the rotation-traction manipulation group and 9 cases in the tendon-regulating manipulation group) were not followed up. All the 99 patients who were effective in treatment were followed up ranged from 303 to 406 days with a median of 359 days. No complications occurred in all patients. There were significant differences in VAS and NDI between the two groups after treatment and before treatment (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in VAS and NDI between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05). Ninety-nine patients achieved follow-up, 56 (56.57%) relapsed and 43 (43.43%) did not. Univariate correlation analysis showed that NDI index, the time spent at the desk every day, the time spent using electronic products every day and angular displacement of anterior flexion before treatment in the relapse group were significantly higher than those in the non-relapse group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the time spent at the desk every day [OR=2.447, 95%CI(1.255, 4.771)], the time spent using electronic products every day [OR=1.892, 95%CI(1.066, 3.358)] and the angular displacement of anterior flexion of the cervical before treatment [OR=1.246, 95%CI(1.045, 1.485) ]were the risk factors for relapse.

CONCLUSION: Both rotation-traction manipulation and tendon-regulating manipulation can effectively treat cervical instability in young people, and rotation-traction manipulation has more advantages than tendon-regulating manipulation in improving cervical pain and cervical dysfunction in patients. The time spent at the desk every day, the time spent using electronic products every day, and the increase of cervical flexion angle displacement will increase the risk of relapse in patients.

PMID:37881929 | DOI:10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.10.010

Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2023 Oct 25;36(10):954-8. doi: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.10.009.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of proximal fibula osteotomy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and to analyze the effect of osteotomy on the tension of the lateral knee soft tissue of patients and verify the reliability of the Arch string theory.

METHODS: A total of 71 patients with varus knee osteoarthritis from December 2019 to March 2022 were included, 3 patients dropped out, and 68 patients completed all trials, collected 27 males and 41 females, aged from 51 to 79 years old, with an average of (68.0±7.0 ) years old. The follow-up time ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, with an average of (3.76±1.94) weeks. After admission, the patient underwent Proximal fibula osteotomy, and the tension of lateral knee soft tissue, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, the western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and other indicators were recorded before surgery and 1 month after surgery in the weight-bearing state.

RESULTS: According to the VAS, the curative effect of a single index was evaluated by referring to the score before and after treatment by Bao Zongzhao. Thirty seven cases were markedly effective, 27 cases were effective, and 4 cases were ineffective. After surgery, 3 patients presented with weakness of dorsalis pedis extension and 1 presented with paresthesia of dorsalis pedis, which disappeared after symptomatic treatment . The VAS and WOMAC score at 1 month after operation were lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The tension of lateral knee soft tissue 1 month after operation was lower than that before operation, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Proximal fibula osteotomy is safe and effective in the treatment of varus knee osteoarthritis in the short term. One month after osteotomy, the tension of lateral knee soft tissue increases under weight-bearing state, but the long-term changes still need further observation and follow-up.

PMID:37881928 | DOI:10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.10.009