Tag: pubmed

Can Assoc Radiol J. 2022 Aug 10:8465371221118886. doi: 10.1177/08465371221118886. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To assess value of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) collagen material decomposition algorithm when combined with standard computed tomography (CT) in detection of lumbar disc extrusion and sequestration. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with acute low back pain who had a diagnosis of lumbar spine disc extrusion and/or sequestration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (reference standard), and had undergone non-contrast DECT of the lumbar spine within 60 days of the MRI. Age and sex-matched control patients (n = 42) were included. Patients were grouped into standard, grey-scale CT only group and standard CT + DECT tendon images group. Two double-blinded radiologists reviewed both groups for presence of extrusion or sequestration. They also rated their diagnostic confidence on Likert 5-point scale. McNemar Chi-square test was used to compare diagnostic accuracy, unpaired t-test to compare reviewers diagnostic confidence, and Cohen’s k (kappa) test for interobserver agreement. Results: The combined group showed higher overall sensitivity (96.6% vs 87.2%), specificity (99% vs 95.4%), and diagnostic accuracy (98.7% vs 94.5%) with a lower false positive rate (1.1% vs 4.6%). McNemar Chi-square test confirmed statistical significance (P = .03 and P = .02 for Reviewers R1 and R2, respectively). The mean diagnostic confidence was also significantly higher on combined group (R1: 3.74 ± 1.1 vs 3.47 ± 1.15 (P < .01) and R2: 3.91 ± 1.15 vs 3.72 ± 1.16 [mean ± SD] (P = .02)). Conclusion: Utilizing MRI as a reference standard, DECT tendon application combined with standard CT increases the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detection of lumbar spine disc extrusion and sequestration, when compared to standard CT alone.

PMID:35948996 | DOI:10.1177/08465371221118886

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Aug 10;23(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s40360-022-00603-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) is a common problem in clinical medication. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between clinical drug application and CADR occurrence as evidence for preventive strategies and rational clinical drug use.

METHODS: We analyzed the characteristics of CADRs of 858 patients admitted to Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from March 2007 to December 2018. The most significant drugs concerning the common skin symptoms and their significance to CADR were investigated by case-non-case and multiple logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 266 drugs were involved in 858 cases of CADR. Among the ten most relevant medications, primarily antibiotics and herbal injections, and nutritional support drugs, potassium sodium dehydroandrographolide succinate injection, and cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium injection were found to be 2.1 and 1.45 times statistically more prone to CADRs than to other adverse drug reactions (ADRs), respectively. The main route of administration was intravenous (63.16%), with oral administration accounting for 25.19%. There were 747 cases of ADR, 71 of severe ADR, 2 of new and severe ADRs, and 38 cases of new ADR. Overall, 100 cases of CADR exhibited abnormal alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and serum creatinine levels. The predictive factors for severe CADR occurrence included allergy and smoking histories, cefoperazone sodium, sulbactam sodium injection, levofloxacin lactate and sodium chloride injection.

CONCLUSIONS: Drug-induced CADR symptoms are commonly associated with other ARDs, predominantly rashes and pruritus, and are often accompanied by some medical conditions, especially liver and kidney damage. Detailed attention to a patient’s primary diseases, allergy history, and drug safety profile could help prevent or reverse CADR in most patients.

PMID:35948985 | DOI:10.1186/s40360-022-00603-4

Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 10;21(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12991-022-00405-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationship between depression and travel.

METHOD: We analyzed 8524 participants’ data obtained from the 2008 to 2016 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective cohort study. Depression was diagnosed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: 10-Items (CES-D10), with scores of 4 or higher indicating depression. We used a generalized estimating equation and a cross-lagged panel model for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Participants who had not traveled for one year had a 71% higher risk of suffering from depression in the following year than did those who had traveled [relative risk (RR) = 1.71, P < 0.001], and participants with depression had more than double the increased risk of not traveling than did those not currently suffering from depression (RR = 2.08, P < 0.001). The cross-lagged panel model confirmed the vicious cycle involving the amount of travel and score on the CES-D10; individuals who traveled more frequently were more likely to have lower scores on the CES-D10 (coefficient = – 0.04 to – 0.03, Ps < 0.01), and individuals with higher scores were less likely to travel (coefficient = – 0.06 to – 0.03, Ps < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of depression increases for people who do not travel, and a reciprocal relationship exists between travel and depression.

PMID:35948992 | DOI:10.1186/s12991-022-00405-2

BMC Public Health. 2022 Aug 10;22(1):1522. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13936-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity rates are increasing worldwide, particularly among people with a low socioeconomic status (SES). Care-physical activity (care-PA) initiatives may improve participants’ lifestyles and thereby lower overweight and obesity rates. A two-year care-PA initiative specifically developed for citizens with a low SES, X-Fittt 2.0, was offered free of charge to participants, and included 12 weeks of intensive guidance and sports sessions, and 21 months of aftercare. Here, we study the impact of X-Fittt 2.0 on health, quality of life (QoL) and societal participation using a mixed-methods design.

METHODS: Questionnaires and body measurements were taken from 208 participants at the start of X-Fittt 2.0 (t₀) and after 12 weeks (t₁), one year (t₂) and two to three years (t₃). We also held 17 group discussions (t₁, n = 71) and 68 semi-structured interviews (t₂ and t₃). Continuous variables were analysed using a linear mixed-model analysis (corrected for gender, age at t₀, height, education level and employment status at the different time points), while we used descriptive statistics for the categorical variables. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Body weight was significantly lower at all three post-initiative time points compared with the baseline, with a maximum of 3.8 kg difference at t₂. Body Mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure and self-perceived health only significantly improved during the first 12 weeks. A positive trend regarding paid work was observed, while social visits decreased. The latter might be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic, as lockdowns limited social life. Furthermore, participants reported increased PA (including sports) and a few stopped smoking or drinking alcohol. Participants mentioned feeling healthier, fitter and more energetic. Additionally, participants’ self-esteem and stress levels improved, stimulating them to become more socially active. However, the participants also mentioned barriers to being physically active, such as a lack of money or time, or physical or mental health problems.

CONCLUSIONS: X-Fittt 2.0 improved the health, QoL and societal participation of the participants. Future initiatives should take into account the aforementioned barriers, and consider a longer intervention period for more sustainable results. More complete data are needed to confirm the findings.

PMID:35948969 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-022-13936-w

BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 10;22(1):686. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07668-w.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To find pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of vancomycin associated with the optimal outcome of severe infection due to Enterococcus species.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed enterococcal bacteremia cases treated with vancomycin from January 2015 to December 2020. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. We calculated cutoff values of the ratio of vancomycin area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h to the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC₂₄/MIC) and trough concentration (C_trough) during the initial 72 h of treatment. The optimal cutoff value was determined using the Youden index. Binary variables created based on these cutoffs were further assessed using multivariable analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 65 patients were included. The majority (87.7%) had solid or hematologic malignancies. Thirty-day mortality and nephrotoxicity occurred in nine (13.4%) and 14 (21.5%) patients, respectively. Both vancomycin AUC₂₄/MIC and C_trough showed fair performance in predicting 30-day mortality (AUC of receiver-operator curve for AUC₂₄/MIC, 0.712; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.539-0.886; AUC for C_trough, 0.760; 95% CI 0.627-0.892; pairwise AUC comparison: p = 0.570). C_trough ≥ 13.94 μg/mL, but not AUC₂₄/MIC ≥ 504, had a significant association with 30-day mortality after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio, 8.40; 95% CI 1.60-86.62; p = 0.010).

CONCLUSION: Mean C_trough ≥ 13.94 μg/mL during the initial 72 h was associated with higher 30-day mortality in enterococcal bacteremia. Further studies are warranted to elucidate optimal pharmacokinetic targets for enterococcal bacteremia.

PMID:35948963 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-022-07668-w

Biopsychosoc Med. 2022 Aug 10;16(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13030-022-00245-2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Our study sought to investigate the clinical influencing factors of psoriasis patients with depression, and analyze whether the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in plasma was correlated with depression incidence among psoriasis patients.

METHODS: Ninety patients with psoriasis and 40 healthy volunteers (aged from18 to 60) were recruited and interviewed with a piloted questionnaire in both groups to obtain relevant information. The catecholamine in plasma from the two groups was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.

RESULTS: The mean Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and mean Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores of the psoriasis patients were higher than the control group. Dopamine content in the plasma was lower (comparing psoriasis patients without depression and the control group, and was negatively correlated with HAMD, AIS, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores in the psoriasis patients with depression. There was no significant difference in the epinephrine and norepinephrine contents in all groups. PASI scores were positively correlated with HAMD scores in psoriasis patients. The low dopamine content, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and high PASI scores were the risk factors for depression among the psoriasis patients.

CONCLUSION: Psoriasis patients have a significantly higher risk of depression than healthy people, and higher PASI scores were linked to a higher incidence of depression. The dopamine levels of patients were influenced by both psoriasis and depression. The risk factors for depression in psoriasis patients are low dopamine levels in the plasma, severe skin lesions, and lower quality of life.

PMID:35948962 | DOI:10.1186/s13030-022-00245-2

BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Aug 10;22(1):1016. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08412-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among medical personnel. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors and frequency of PPE-induced headache during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: From January 25 to March 1, 2021, an anonymous online survey was undertaken in the Baltic states.

RESULTS: In total, 2132 individuals participated. 52.3% experienced a PPE-induced headache. Usual onset time was between 2-3 h, lasting up to 1 h after PPE removal. The most common localization was in temporal and frontal regions. Headache usually occurred 2 to 3 days per week with an average pain score of 5.04 ± 1.80 points. Higher risk was associated with discomfort/pressure OR = 11.55, heat stress OR = 2.228, skin conditions OR = 1.784, long PPE use (duration 10-12 h) OR = 2,18, headache history prior PPE use OR = 1.207. Out of 52.3% respondents with PPE-induced headache, 45.5% developed de novo headache, whereas 54.5% had headache history. Statistically significant differences of PPE-induced headache between respective groups included severity (4.73 vs 5.29), duration (≥ 6 h 6.7% vs 8.2%), accompanying symptoms (nausea (19.3% vs 25.7%), photophobia (19.1% vs 25.7%), phonophobia (15.8% vs 23.5%), osmophobia (5.3% vs 12.0%)) and painkiller use (43.0% vs 61.7%).

CONCLUSIONS: Over half of the medical personnel reported headache while using PPE. The risk was higher in individuals with headache history, increased duration of PPE use and discomfort while using PPE. Predisposed individuals reported PPE-induced headache which persisted longer, was more intense and debilitating than in the respondents with de novo headache.

PMID:35948960 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-022-08412-5

BMC Med. 2022 Aug 11;20(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02468-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The risk of hip fracture in women on plant-based diets is unclear. We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Women’s Cohort Study and to determine if potential associations between each diet group and hip fracture risk are modified by body mass index (BMI).

METHODS: UK women, ages 35-69 years, were classified as regular meat-eaters (≥ 5 servings/week), occasional meat-eaters (< 5 servings/week), pescatarian (ate fish but not meat), or vegetarian (ate neither meat nor fish) based on a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire completed in 1995-1998. Incident hip fractures were identified via linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics up to March 2019. Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between each diet group and hip fracture risk over a median follow-up time of 22.3 years.

RESULTS: Amongst 26,318 women, 822 hip fracture cases were observed (556,331 person-years). After adjustment for confounders, vegetarians (HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.03, 1.71)) but not occasional meat-eaters (1.00 (0.85, 1.18)) or pescatarians (0.97 (0.75, 1.26)) had a greater risk of hip fracture than regular meat-eaters. There was no clear evidence of effect modification by BMI in any diet group (p-interaction = 0.3).

CONCLUSIONS: Vegetarian women were at a higher risk of hip fracture compared to regular meat-eaters. Further research is needed to confirm this in men and non-European populations and to identify factors responsible for the observed risk difference. Further research exploring the role of BMI and nutrients abundant in animal-sourced foods is recommended.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05081466.

PMID:35948956 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-022-02468-0

BMC Oral Health. 2022 Aug 10;22(1):340. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02372-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To examine the role of dental pain, sense of coherence (SOC) and social support on the relationship between dental caries and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children aged 12 years.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 400 schoolchildren selected from public schools in a socioeconomically disadvantaged region in the city of Manaus, Brazil was carried out. The predictors of OHRQoL were selected according to the Wilson and Cleary theoretical model, including number of decayed teeth and its clinical consequence (component D of the DMFT index and PUFA/pufa index), dental pain (symptom status), and SOC and social support (individual and environmental characteristics). Statistical analysis was conducted through structural equation modelling and multivariable negative binomial regression. The significance level established for all analyses was 5%.

RESULTS: Number of dental caries was indirectly linked with OHRQoL (β = 0.19, 95% CI 0.11/0.29) through dental pain, SOC and social support. Clinical consequences of untreated caries directly predicted poor OHRQoL (β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.01/0.23). Dental pain, SOC and social support did not moderate the effect of dental caries measures on OHRQoL.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the role of dental pain, SOC and social support as mediator factors on the link between dental caries and OHRQoL. Tackling dental caries along with psychosocial factors may attenuated the impact of oral health on OHRQoL in children.

PMID:35948932 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-022-02372-2

Proteome Sci. 2022 Aug 10;20(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12953-022-00195-1.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ocular injured induced by mustard gas can help better identify complications and discover appropriate therapies. This study aimed to analyze the proteomics of tears of chemical warfare victims with mustard gas ocular injuries and compare it with healthy individuals. In this case-control research, 10 mustard gas victims with long-term ocular difficulties (Chronic) were included in the patient group, while 10 healthy persons who were age and sex matched to the patients were included in the control group. Schirmer strips were used to collect the tears of the participants. Proteomics experiments were performed using the high-efficiency TMT10X method to evaluate the tear protein profile, and statistical bioinformatics methods were used to identify the differently expressed proteins. 24 proteins had different expressions between the two groups. Among these 24 proteins, 8 proteins had increased expression in veterans’ tears, while the remaining 16 proteins had decreased expression. Reactome pathways were used to look at proteins with various expressions, and 13 proteins were found to be engaged in the immune system, 9 of which were effective in the innate immune system, and 5 proteins were effective in the complement cascade. Ocular mustard gas exposure may cause a compromised immune system on the eye’s surface, exposing the cornea to external and endogenous infections, and eventually causing corneal opacity and reduced vision.

PMID:35948930 | DOI:10.1186/s12953-022-00195-1