Tag: pubmed

JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3643. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: It is unclear whether increased television (TV) and DVD viewing in early childhood from age 1 year decreases development or whether poor development increases TV/DVD viewing.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the directional association between TV/DVD screen time and performance on developmental screeners in children aged 1 to 3 years.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from 57 980 children and mothers from a national birth cohort, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Data were collected in collaboration with 15 regional centers across Japan. The mothers were recruited between January 2011 and March 2014. Analyses using random intercept, cross-lagged panel models were performed for children aged 1, 2, and 3 years. Of 100 303 live births, children with missing developmental screening test scores and screen time data, those with congenital diseases or cerebral palsy, and those diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder were excluded. Statistical analyses were conducted from October 2022 to July 2023.

EXPOSURES: TV and DVD screen time.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Child development at ages 1, 2, and 3 years was assessed via the mother’s or guardian’s report using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition.

RESULTS: Of 57 980 included children, 29 418 (50.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) maternal age at delivery was 31.5 (4.9) years. A negative association between screen time and developmental scores was observed. Increased TV/DVD screen times at age 1 and 2 years were associated with lower developmental scores at age 2 and 3 years, respectively (2 years: β = -0.05; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.04; 3 years: β = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.06). An obverse association was observed from the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition, score in the communication domain at age 1 and 2 years to subsequent screen time (2 years: γ = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.02; 3 years: γ = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.04).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, increased TV/DVD screen time from age 1 year negatively affected later development. To reduce the negative consequences of excessive media use, researchers and health care professionals should encourage family media management and recommend social support for parents who tend to rely on the media.

PMID:37721733 | DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3643

Minerva Dent Oral Sci. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.23736/S2724-6329.23.04855-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to make an objective quantitative assessment of effectiveness of procedures with the use of a therapeutic dose of ultrasounds in this nosological entity, in connection with improved biomechanical properties and alleviation of pain experienced in masseter muscles.

METHODS: The study included 40 patients with temporomandibular disorder. In group 1 (N.=20) ultrasound therapy (1.2 W/cm²) was carried out, while in group 2 (N.=20) sham therapy was applied. A total of 10 procedures were performed. Myotonometric measurements and assessment of pain intensity were carried out before treatment and after the completion of procedures.

RESULTS: The analysis revealed a significant difference (P=0.011) between the values of decrement (D) measured on day 0 (2.08±0.45 [log]) and day 4 (1.80±0.55 [log]) in group 1. In group 2 no statistically significant differences were noted between the results obtained on consecutive days of the therapeutic cycle. A statistically significant difference in values of decrement (D) between group 1 (1.80±0.55 [log]) and group 2 (2.23±0.51 [log]) was noted on day 4 of the experiment (P=0.021). Both in group 1 and in group 2, a statistically significant reduction of pain intensity (VAS Scale) was obtained.

CONCLUSIONS: The masseter muscle was more elastic during ultrasound therapy. However, the effect was transient. The analgesic effect was also observed in the control group; therefore, a placebo effect cannot be excluded.

PMID:37721730 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-6329.23.04855-6

J Prosthodont. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13773. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare and analyze differences in tissue displacement of edentulous arches among three-dimensional (3D) files obtained using various impression-making techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients who underwent prosthodontic treatment for edentulous arches at Yonsei University Dental Hospital between June 2020 and April 2023 were included in the study. Three types of 3D files were used for the evaluation of each arch: a 3D scan file of a definitive cast (Group DEF), a preliminary cast (Group PRE), and an intraoral scan file (Group IOS). The files were superimposed on a reference 3D scan file of the definitive cast group through best-fit matching using metrology software. Seventeen measurement points (MP1-4, RC1-6, TB1-2, and PPS1-5 for the maxilla and RP1-2, RC1-7, BS1-4, and LS1-4 for the mandible) were selected for both the maxillary (n = 13) and mandibular arches (n = 6). The deviation considering the direction (DD) between the three groups and the absolute deviation (AD) between the three groups were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05 and α = 0.0167, respectively).

RESULTS: Concerning the DD values, at the RC4 point of the maxillary arch, Group PRE exhibited significantly higher values than Groups IOS (p = 0.006) and DEF (p < 0.001), and at the RC5 point of the maxillary arch, Group IOS exhibited significantly lower values than Groups PRE (p = 0.016) and DEF (p < 0.001). Group IOS showed significantly lower DD values in the mandibular arch than Group DEF at the RP2 and RC3 points (p < 0.167). The AD values in Groups PRE and IOS significantly differed from those in Group DEF (all p < 0.001) at all measurement points but did not exhibit significant differences between each other (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Different impression-making methods yielded different amounts of tissue displacement. The tendency of 3D files regarding tissue displacement varied at certain residual ridge crest areas and retromolar pad areas. The absolute amount of tissue displacement observed in the intraoral scan data was comparable to that observed in the preliminary casts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:37721728 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13773

Int Ophthalmol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s10792-023-02877-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate corneal endothelial cell changes following uncomplicated phacoemulsification in diabetic patients with PEX, compared with diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients with PEX.

METHODS: This prospective, comparative, non-randomized cohort study included 61 eyes of 61 patients who were diagnosed as having senile cataract. Patients were divided into three groups: Group (1) included 19 eyes of patients with DM and PEX, group (2) included 22 eyes of diabetic patients, and group (3) included 20 eyes of patients with PEX. All included patients had uncomplicated phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Patients were examined by non-contact specular microscopy (NIDEK, CEM-530, Japan), preoperatively and postoperatively at regular follow-up periods (one, three, and six months postoperatively) with analysis of the endothelial cell density, percentage of hexagonal cells, CV, and CCT.

RESULTS: By the end of follow-up period, there was a statistically significant reduction in ECD and HEX with a significant increase in CV and CCT in group one (DM-PEX). In group two (DM), a statistically significant decrease in ECD and HEX with a significant increase in CCT was reported, while in group three (PEX), the only significant difference was found in the form of ECD reduction.

CONCLUSION: Patients with DM and PEX had significant changes regarding ECD, CV, HEX, and CCT which were more pronounced than in patients with DM only or PEX only. More attention should be paid while operating on diabetic patients with PEX to save corneal endothelium and decrease postoperative complications.

STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER: The study was retrospectively registered (16 July 2021) on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04965168).

PMID:37721703 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-023-02877-x

Neurotherapeutics. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s13311-023-01437-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Virtual reality (VR) applications are pervasive of everyday life, as in working, medical, and entertainment scenarios. There is yet no solution to cybersickness (CS), a disabling vestibular syndrome with nausea, dizziness, and general discomfort that most of VR users undergo, which results from an integration mismatch among visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular information. In a double-blind, controlled trial, we propose an innovative treatment for CS, consisting of online oscillatory imperceptible neuromodulation with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz, biophysically modelled to reach the vestibular cortex bilaterally. tACS significantly reduced CS nausea in 37 healthy subjects during a VR rollercoaster experience. The effect was frequency-dependent and placebo-insensitive. Subjective benefits were paralleled by galvanic skin response modulation in 25 subjects, addressing neurovegetative activity. Besides confirming the role of transcranially delivered oscillations in physiologically tuning the vestibular system function (and dysfunction), results open a new way to facilitate the use of VR in different scenarios and possibly to help treating also other vestibular dysfunctions.

PMID:37721646 | DOI:10.1007/s13311-023-01437-6

Clin Rheumatol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s10067-023-06763-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder with multiple organs destruction. This study aimed to identify the ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in Egyptian scleroderma patients and to detect their association to different disease manifestations.

METHODS: Forty-seven SSc patients and 43 apparent healthy volunteers were enrolled. Demographics, inflammatory markers, and autoimmune status were recorded. Ultrasound evaluation of salivary glands was performed. Salivary gland changes’ associations were statistically examined with SSc susceptibility and disease manifestations.

RESULTS: Thirty-one SSc patients exhibited glandular pathology (p < 0.0001), compared to controls. Of these abnormalities, SSc patients showed a total parotid gray scale of 2, total submandibular gray scale of 2, total glandular gray scale of 4, and total glandular Doppler signal of 1 at p < 0.0001, compared to the control group. Patients with SSc and glandular pathology had a higher prevalence of arthritis (p = 0.029) and ESR (p = 0.002) than those with normal glandular ultrasound. Significant associations were reported between gray scale ultrasound (GSUS) of total parotid (odds ratio “OR” = 0.4), total submandibular (OR = 0.36), and total glandular (OR = 0.53) with susceptibility to SSc at p < 0.0001. Total glandular GSUS (p = 0.039) and total submandibular power Doppler (p = 0.044) correlated with the SSc duration. Total parotid GSUS (p = 0.008) and total glandular GSUS (p < 0.0001) correlated with Schirmer’s test.

CONCLUSIONS: Major salivary glands are affected in SSc. Hence, scanning these glands with ultrasound is an additive tool besides the current practice. Key Points • Major salivary gland changes, observed by ultrasonography, are new findings in Egyptian SSc patients. • Ultrasound changes of major salivary glands are associated with inflammatory markers and clinical manifestations of SSc. • Scleroderma ultrasonography scans of the main salivary glands could be added to the routine work.

PMID:37721645 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-023-06763-w

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s00266-023-03467-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Control of nasal tip position is critical to final rhinoplasty outcomes. Two frequent methods of exerting tip control are columellar strut and caudal septal extension graft (SEG). Past work has demonstrated that SEG are better able to preserve tip position. However, there is no quantitative data describing long-term projection and rotation. The purpose of this study was to analyze long-term maintenance of tip projection and rotation following SEG.

METHODS: A retrospective study of adult patients undergoing open rhinoplasty was conducted. Three-dimensional photogrammetric evaluation of nasal tip position was performed. Anthropometric points were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively. Outcome variables were tip projection, tip rotation, and nasal length.

RESULTS: Twenty patients were included with an average follow-up time of 3.3 years (2.0 – 6.6 years). From postoperative week 1 to 6, there was a statistically significant decrease in rotation (-4.3%, p<0.01). There were no statistically significant decreases in projection, rotation, or nasal length from 6 weeks postoperative to 2 years postoperative, or from 6 weeks postoperative to final follow-up (2.0 – 6.6 years).

CONCLUSIONS: Nasal tip projection and rotation appear to decrease from the immediate postoperative position, likely due to resolving edema. In this study, patients that underwent open rhinoplasty with SEG experienced modest loss of projection and rotation until 6 weeks postoperative, but projection and rotation were maintained from 6 weeks postoperative to 2 years and beyond. This study provides evidence that SEG maintains long-term changes in tip projection and rotation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:37721626 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-023-03467-z

JAMA. 2023 Sep 19;330(11):1083-1091. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.4934.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality in the US.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a targeted systematic review to update the evidence on the effectiveness of screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published between January 1, 2014, and January 4, 2022; surveillance through February 21, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION: English-language comparative effectiveness studies comparing screening strategies in pregnant or postpartum individuals.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently appraised articles and extracted relevant data from fair-or good-quality studies; no quantitative synthesis was conducted.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life.

RESULTS: The review included 6 fair-quality studies (5 trials and 1 nonrandomized study; N = 10 165) comparing changes in prenatal screening practices with usual care, which was routine screening at in-person office visits. No studies addressed screening for new-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the postpartum period. One trial (n = 2521) evaluated home blood pressure measurement as a supplement to usual care; 3 trials (total n = 5203) evaluated reduced prenatal visit schedules. One study (n = 2441) evaluated proteinuria screening conducted only for specific clinical indications, compared with a historical control group that received routine proteinuria screening. One additional trial (n = 80) only addressed the comparative harms of home blood pressure measurement. The studies did not report statistically significant differences in maternal and infant complications with alternate strategies compared with usual care; however, estimates were imprecise for serious, rare health outcomes. Home blood pressure measurement added to prenatal care visits was not associated with earlier diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (104.3 vs 106.2 days), and incidence was not different between groups in 3 trials of reduced prenatal visit schedules. No harms of the different screening strategies were identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This review did not identify evidence that any alternative screening strategies for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were more effective than routine blood pressure measurement at in-person prenatal visits. Morbidity and mortality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can be prevented, yet American Indian/Alaska Native persons and Black persons experience inequitable rates of adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to identify screening approaches that may lead to improved disease detection and health outcomes.

PMID:37721606 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2023.4934

Eur Spine J. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07933-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate several potential imaging biomarkers of CLBP that may be useful for diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluation. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) was used to detect the content and ratio of creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), and lipid (Lip) in the multifidus muscle (Mm) in patients with CLBP and to test for relationships between these metabolites and pain severity and duration.

METHODS: Sixty patients with CLBP (experimental group) and sixty-nine asymptomatic volunteers (control group) underwent routine diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. ¹H-MRS was acquired with single-voxel MR spectroscopy. The MRS region of interest for measuring Cho, Cr, and Lip concentrations was determined at the L4/5 multifidus muscle (Mm), bilaterally. The contents and ratios of Cr, Cho, and Lip in bilateral and ipsilateral-to-pain (or matched control side) Mm were obtained, and the integral ratios of different metabolites obtained by using Cr as an internal reference were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: There were no significant within-group differences in the contents and ratios of Lip, Cr, Cho, Lip/Cr, and Cho/Cr between the left and right Mm of the healthy control group (p > 0.05) or the CLBP group (p > 0.05). The CLBP group showed a much higher Lip and Lip/Cr ratio in the bilateral Mm compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.05) but there were no between-group differences in Cr, Cho, or the Cho/Cr ratio (p > 0.05). The severity of CLBP was correlated with Lip (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Using ¹H-MRS, we demonstrated higher Lip and Lip/Cr ratios in the Mm of patients with CLBP, compared to asymptomatic controls. Mm Lip was correlated with CLBP intensity. An increase in Lip in the Mm may be a characteristic finding in CLBP and may offer a useful prognostic marker for guiding rehabilitation strategies.

PMID:37721604 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-023-07933-9

J Nat Prod. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00566. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

DP4+ is one of the most popular methods for the structure elucidation of natural products using NMR calculations. While the method is simple and easy to implement, it requires a series of procedures that can be tedious, coupled with the fact that its computational demand can be high in certain cases. In this work, we made a substantial improvement to these limitations. First, we deeply explored the effect of molecular mechanics architecture on the DP4+ formalism (MM-DP4+). In addition, a Python applet (DP4+App) was developed to automate the entire process, requiring only the Gaussian NMR output files and a spreadsheet containing the experimental NMR data and labels. The script is designed to use the statistical parameters from the original 24 levels of theory (employing B3LYP/6-31G* geometries) and the new 36 levels explored in this work (over MMFF geometries). Furthermore, it enables the development of customizable methods using any desired level of theory, allowing for a free choice of test molecules.

PMID:37721602 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00566