Tag: pubmed

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01519-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective was to compare conventional and electronic cigarettes regarding the discoloration of three types of aligner composite resin attachments. Three composite resins were evaluated: Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow, G-ænial Universal Injectable, and Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative. Attachments were bonded onto epoxy resin models (N = 28 teeth). Each composite group was divided into conventional and electronic cigarette subgroups (n = 14). Color measurements were performed before and after exposure with VITA Easyshade V, and ΔE₀₀ and Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WI_D) values were calculated. The chemical composition of the attachments was assessed using FTIR-ATR. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, paired and independent samples t-tests. After conventional cigarette exposure, WI_D significantly decreased in all composites. Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow exhibited a significantly smaller reduction in WI_D (- 4.06 ± 4.03) compared with G-ænial Universal Injectable (- 8.28 ± 3.56) and Filtek Z350 XT (- 10.16 ± 4.63) (p < 0.05). Following electronic cigarette exposure, WI_D increased for G-ænial Universal Injectable (p = 0.031) but decreased for Filtek Z350 XT (p = 0.009). After electronic cigarette, ΔE₀₀ was significantly higher in G-ænial Universal Injectable (4.07 ± 1.49) than in Filtek Z350 XT (2.94 ± 2.38) (p = 0.001). Significant differences between conventional and electronic cigarette exposure were observed for G-ænial Universal Injectable in ΔL, for all composites in Δb and ΔWI_D, and for Filtek Z350 XT in ΔE₀₀. Irrespective of the smoking type, all composite resins exhibited ΔE₀₀ values exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold after exposure. After conventional cigarette, whiteness index of Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow was less affected than other resin types. Conventional cigarette induced more pronounced color changes than electronic cigarette aerosol.

PMID:42547722 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01519-9

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01516-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated the efficacy of autologous blood-derived products compared with open flap debridement (OFD) over time in patients with intrabony periodontal defects. Randomized clinical trials were included, and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD) reduction, and bone regeneration (BR) were assessed at 6, 9, and 12 months. Study selection followed the PRISMA-NMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420250651074). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with CINeMA. NMA was conducted using a random-effects model integrating direct and indirect comparisons, with treatment ranking based on Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. PRF-based protocols, alone or combined with adjunctive agents, were associated with favorable trends in CAL, PD, and BR outcomes, particularly at the 9-month follow-up. Combinations of PRF with alendronate or rosuvastatin achieved high ranking probabilities and may offer additional regenerative benefits; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the variability in certainty across comparisons. Although statistically significant differences were not consistently observed at 12 months, some interventions maintained favorable point estimates and ranking probabilities over time. Although sustained statistical superiority was not consistently demonstrated, some interventions showed potentially favorable clinical outcomes that may contribute to periodontal stability. Overall, PRF-based therapies showed promising results, particularly at intermediate follow-up periods; however, the magnitude and durability of these effects remain uncertain. Further well-designed long-term clinical trials are required to clarify their role as adjunctive regenerative therapies.

PMID:42547721 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01516-y

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01499-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Three-dimensional (3D) printed surgical guides have improved the transfer of virtual implant planning to the clinical setting. However, autoclave sterilization may expose photopolymer resins to thermal and hygrometric stress, potentially affecting their dimensional stability. This study evaluated whether moist heat sterilization at 121 °C induces dimensional changes in 3D-printed surgical guides that could compromise implant placement accuracy. Ten identical maxillary models were used to fabricate standardized surgical guides based on a single digital plan. Five guides were sterilized in an autoclave at 121 °C (test group), while five were not sterilized (control group). The guides were produced from intraoral scanning and tomography of a randomly selected model and 3D printed from the same digital file. Linear and angular deviations between planned and obtained positions were measured through digital scanning and analyzed using GOM software. Statistical comparisons were performed using paired t-tests, with reference values from previous studies used to define acceptable precision margins. No statistically significant differences were observed between sterilized and non-sterilized guides for angular deviations within 4° (p = 1.000) and 2° (p = 0.203). Linear deviations also remained within acceptable limits, with no significant differences beyond 1 mm (p = 1.000) or 0.68 mm (p = 1.000). These findings indicate that autoclave sterilization at 121 °C does not produce clinically relevant distortions in the precision of 3D-printed surgical guides. However, further studies are needed to evaluate potential material fragility and the impact of alternative sterilization methods.

PMID:42547716 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01499-w

Acta Neurol Belg. 2026 Aug 4. doi: 10.1007/s13760-026-03160-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate brain morphometric changes in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to explore their associations with structural and functional ophthalmic parameters.

METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 15 patients with NAION and 15 healthy controls. All participants underwent high-resolution 3.0-Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain VBM was performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) to assess gray and white matter volume differences between groups. Ophthalmic evaluation included best-corrected visual acuity, visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between brain morphometric measures and ophthalmic parameters.

RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with NAION exhibited reduced gray matter volumes in the limbic lobe, cuneus, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe at an exploratory voxel-level threshold (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Increased gray matter volumes were observed in the bilateral cerebellum, while increased white matter volumes were identified in the right cerebellum and posterior cerebellar lobe. No significant correlations were identified between brain morphometric measures and ophthalmic parameters, time since onset, or visual function (all p > 0.05). None of the observed gray or white matter clusters remained statistically significant after family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests that patients with NAION may exhibit brain morphometric alterations involving visual pathway-related cortical regions and the cerebellum. These exploratory findings raise the possibility that central nervous system changes in NAION may extend beyond isolated optic nerve pathology. However, because none of the observed clusters survived family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple comparisons, these findings should be considered exploratory and require confirmation in larger studies.

PMID:42547714 | DOI:10.1007/s13760-026-03160-3

J Med Toxicol. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s13181-026-01148-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Medetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, emerged as a U.S. drug adulterant in 2022. In May 2024, the Chicago Department of Public Health identified a cluster of opioid overdoses with unusual clinical features linked to medetomidine.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to three Chicago emergency departments with suspected opioid-involved overdoses during May 11-17, 2024. We classified cases as confirmed, probable, or suspected based on independent clinical criteria and laboratory screening results. We performed descriptive statistics and exploratory logistic regression to assess the association between case status and hospital outcomes.

RESULTS: Out of 181 patients presenting with suspected opioid-involved overdoses during the one-week window, 15 patients identified during the initial phase of the outbreak underwent supplemental testing, yielding 12 laboratory-confirmed cases of medetomidine exposure. In patients with confirmed medetomidine exposure (n = 12), all exhibited persistent altered mental status despite naloxone administration and demonstrated marked hypertension at presentation. Bradycardia was present in 9 patients (75%). Compared to suspected cases, confirmed or probable cases had a higher odds of experiencing asymptomatic markedly elevated blood pressure (OR = 3.2, 95% Cl = 1.5-6.9), hospital admission (OR = 3.2, 95% Cl = 1.4-7.3), and admission to intensive care (OR = 4.0, 95% Cl = 1.4-11.8).

CONCLUSION: Patients with confirmed medetomidine exposure demonstrated a toxidrome characterized by initial asymptomatic markedly elevated blood pressure, bradycardia, and a prolonged altered mental status requiring clinical stabilization. The increased likelihood of hospital and intensive care unit admission observed in this outbreak highlights the need for heightened clinical awareness and preparedness.

PMID:42547711 | DOI:10.1007/s13181-026-01148-2

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s40615-026-03118-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Although school quality is associated with greater educational attainment and better health in population-wide studies, it remains unclear whether these effects are experienced similarly across racial and ethnic groups in the USA. To explore this question, we used the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine the association between four individual school quality indicators (student promotion rates, teacher retention, average daily attendance, parental involvement) in Wave I (grades 7-12th, age 12-19), with adult health outcomes in Wave V (age 32-42), stratified by race/ethnicity (White, Black, Latinx). The primary outcomes were self-rated health and depressive symptoms. Regression models adjusted for baseline health, individual, family, and school characteristics. Of 10,724 participants, approximately 50% identified as female, 63% White, 21% Black, 17% Latinx. School quality indicators were not statistically associated with adult depressive symptoms for White participants. Teacher retention was unrelated to self-rated health for any group, but was associated with greater depression symptoms in adulthood for Black and Latinx participants (β = 0.42-point higher score per 1 SD increase in teacher retention, 95% CI [0.153, 0.690], p = 0.002; β = 0.23-point higher score per 1 SD increase in teacher retention, 95% CI [0.003, 0.466], p = 0.047, respectively). Some conventional school quality indicators were associated with worse adult mental health for Black and Latinx participants. The findings suggest that more research is needed to understand what aspects of school quality may best promote life course health development for minoritized groups.

PMID:42547705 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-026-03118-4

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 Aug 4;198(9):907. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15756-6.

ABSTRACT

Incomplete groundwater level time series are common in monitoring networks and can bias homogeneity and trend analyses if not properly addressed. This study evaluates how different gap-filling strategies influence homogeneity detection and trend inference in groundwater level records from the Middle Sebaou Basin, northern Algeria. Four imputation approaches (Seasonal Trend decomposition with interpolation (STL), Kalman Smoothing, Moving Average Imputation, and Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE)) were assessed. Homogeneity and change-point behavior were examined using Pettitt and Buishand tests, while randomness was evaluated with the Von Neumann ratio test. Trend analyses were conducted using autocorrelation-corrected Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator, and Innovative Trend Analysis. Results demonstrate that imputation choice substantially affects homogeneity outcomes and trend significance. MICE preserved temporal variability and reduced artificial change-point detection, whereas smoothing-based methods tended to dampen variability. The study highlights the necessity of selecting imputation methods consistent with groundwater system dynamics and provides a transferable framework for trend analysis in data-scarce aquifers.

PMID:42547670 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15756-6

J Neurol. 2026 Aug 3;273(8):503. doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-14048-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a global epidemic of obesity and in this context, the development of novel agents for weight loss has been timely. There have been emerging reports of peripheral nerve complications and this study aimed to systematically review all reported cases associated with medications used for weight loss.

METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases from inception to 30 June 2026 was performed to identify studies that report new-onset or worsening peripheral nerve complications. Independent screening was conducted by two authors. Data including demographics, medications, weight-loss parameters, neurological presentation and investigations. Descriptive statistics were used.

RESULTS: There were 19 studies, comprising 31 cases and one cohort (103 individuals) identified. All bar one were published from 2024. Of 31 individual cases median weight loss achieved was 20.4 kg (IQR 15.2) or 21.8% (IQR 16.4) of starting body weight. Median rate of weight loss was 3.7 kg/month (IQR 1.7), with symptom onset at 150 days (IQR 135). Semaglutide or tirzepatide were implicated in the majority (83%), and 67% had pre-diabetes/diabetes. Neurological presentations included fibular neuropathy (n = 10), lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (n = 9) and distal symmetric polyneuropathy (n = 7). Electrodiagnostic and imaging data were supportive of diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a recent increase in peripheral nerve disorders associated with medical treatment of diabetes and obesity. To reduce the risk, it is recommended to ensure adequate nutritional status and avoid ultrarapid HbA1c and weight loss. Prospective studies are needed to determine incidence and confirm safe rates of weight loss and glycemic correction.

PMID:42547656 | DOI:10.1007/s00415-026-14048-w

Neurosurg Rev. 2026 Aug 4;49(1):509. doi: 10.1007/s10143-026-04436-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BCMs) are high-risk vascular lesions characterized by a significant tendency for recurrent hemorrhage and devastating neurological morbidity. While open microsurgery is the traditional gold standard, purely endoscopic approaches have emerged as minimally invasive alternatives. This study aims to systematically review the surgical effectiveness, safety, and clinical outcomes of purely endoscopic BCM resection.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase for all eligible studies published from database inception until October 21, 2025. Data on patient demographics, lesion characteristics, surgical corridors, extent of resection (EOR), and complications were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Descriptive statistical pooling and data stratification by surgical approach corridors were performed using R software to calculate pooled clinical frequencies and symptom recovery rates.

RESULTS: Twenty-six studies (22 case reports, 4 case series) involving 37 patients were included. The cohort was predominantly female (64%, n = 23 of 36 with documented gender), with a mean age of 41 years. Lesions were primarily located in the pons (76%, n = 28). The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach (EEA-TC) was the most frequent corridor (75.7%, n = 28), followed by various transcranial endoscopic routes. Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was utilized in a subset of cases, consistently demonstrating corticospinal tract displacement. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 89.2% of the cohort (n = 33). Postoperative neurological improvement was documented in 91.9% of patients (n = 34), with no instances of re-bleeding during follow-up. The most significant complication was postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, occurring in 16.2% of patients (n = 6), with revision surgery required in 8.1% (n = 3). Other complications included transient neurological worsening and aseptic meningitis.

CONCLUSION: Purely endoscopic resection of BCMs is a technically feasible and effective treatment modality, particularly for ventral and ventromedial pontine lesions. It offers high GTR rates and favorable neurological recovery while avoiding the brain retraction associated with open microsurgery. However, the risk of CSF leakage remains a primary limitation of the endonasal corridor. Future prospective, multi-center registries are necessary to further define patient selection criteria and long-term comparative outcomes against traditional microsurgical standards.

PMID:42547654 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-026-04436-1

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 Aug 3;198(9):906. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15681-8.

ABSTRACT

Water quality in regulated tropical reservoirs is shaped by the interplay of seasonal hydrology, spatial habitat heterogeneity, land use, and climate variability, yet the relative importance of these drivers remains poorly quantified in African river basins. We aimed to partition the variance in water quality among temporal, spatial, land-use, and climate drivers across the Kainji-Jebba reservoir cascade in Nigeria and to identify sentinel parameters capable of consistently and timely detecting water-quality change. Monthly water-quality surveys were conducted at six sites spanning two dams and three habitat types (riverine, ecotonal, and lacustrine) from April 2024 to March 2025 (n = 72 samples). A modified National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated for each sample. Variance partitioning using partial redundancy analysis (RDA), exploratory Granger causality testing, and six complementary changepoint detection methods were applied to disentangle the relative contributions of space, time, land use, and climate. Temporal variation (season and month) explained 28.3% of the variance in water quality, whereas spatial factors accounted for 1.8% and land-use effects for 0.4%. These results suggest that seasonal hydrological dynamics were the dominant structuring force within the study period, although the limited spatial extent of sampling (six sites across two reservoirs) should be considered when interpreting the comparatively weak spatial signal. After Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction, no climate-water-quality relationships were statistically significant across 480 stratified Granger causality tests; given the exploratory scope of the analysis and the 1-year dataset, this null result is treated as hypothesis-generating rather than conclusive. WQI, electrical conductivity (EC), and relative humidity (RH) showed the highest changepoint consensus detection rates (71.4% each) and are proposed as sentinel parameters for water-quality monitoring, although the role of RH warrants further investigation before operational adoption. These findings suggest that monitoring programmes in regulated tropical reservoir cascades may benefit from prioritising targeted seasonal windows, the wet-season runoff peak (June-July) and the black flood period (January-February), rather than expanding spatial coverage, pending validation across longer time series. The integrated analytical framework, combining WQI, variance partitioning, exploratory Granger causality, and multi-method changepoint detection, offers a transferable template for other data-poor tropical river systems where monitoring resources must be allocated efficiently.

PMID:42547643 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15681-8