Tag: pubmed

Ir J Med Sci. 2026 Jun 30. doi: 10.1007/s11845-026-04529-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and often develops from precancerous polyps. Early detection and differentiation of polyp types are essential for prevention and management.

AIM: This study evaluated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression levels in hyperplastic polyps(HP), adenomatous polyps(A), and colon adenocarcinomas(CA) tissues to assess their diagnostic potential as tissue-based candidate biomarkers for distinguishing CA from A and HP tissues.

METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colon tissue samples from 120 patients were analyzed, including 40 CA, 40 A, and 40 HP. Expression levels of CCAT1, CCAT2, HOTAIR, HOTTIP, GAS5, LNCP21, H19, and MALAT1 were quantified by qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses were performed using PRISM9.2.0. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by ROC analysis, including AUC, sensitivity, and specificity. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models were performed.

RESULTS: Several lncRNAs were differentially expressed among CA, A, and HP groups. ROC analyses showed strong diagnostic performance for HOTAIR, CCAT2, and MALAT1, with AUC values of 0.896, 0.834, and 0.833, respectively. LNCP21, HOTTIP, H19, and CCAT1 also demonstrated significant discriminatory ability after multiple-testing correction. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses, HOTAIR, LNCP21, H19, CCAT2, CCAT1, MALAT1, and HOTTIP remained independently associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma, whereas GAS5 showed limited discriminatory value. Exploratory pathway enrichment analysis suggested involvement of WNT/β-catenin/MYC, p53/ubiquitin-mediated, and inflammatory JAK-STAT/EGFR-related signaling pathways.

CONCLUSION: HOTAIR, CCAT2, MALAT1, LNCP21, HOTTIP, H19, and CCAT1 showed potential diagnostic value for distinguishing CA from A and HP, with HOTAIR, CCAT2, and MALAT1 exhibiting the strongest performance. Pathway enrichment findings provide exploratory biological context and require validation in larger prospective studies and functional analyses.

PMID:42377869 | DOI:10.1007/s11845-026-04529-2

Ir J Med Sci. 2026 Jun 30. doi: 10.1007/s11845-026-04519-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare professionals work within an imperfect, multi-faceted system and cannot shoulder the burden of responsibility for unintentional patient harm. Patient safety governance aims to address the challenges of patient safety through monitoring systems and processes to provide assurance of patient safety and quality of care. The evidence suggests that healthcare staff demonstrate mixed views towards patient safety governance processes and varying attitudes towards hospital patient safety climates.

STUDY AIMS: This study aims to explore the insights of both healthcare staff and senior healthcare decision makers into patient safety governance and its associated patient safety processes. It aims to capture the attitudes of healthcare staff towards hospital patient safety climates. The researchers intend to identify the gaps in patient safety governance between praxis and theory, with the view of developing recommendations to address these gaps.

STUDY DESIGN: This research study is convergent parallel in design, with two study strands occurring simultaneously. It is set in four Irish teaching hospitals located in one regional area. A methodological pluralistic approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, will be applied to allow the researchers to adopt the most suitable methodology for data collection, analysis and data interpretation to fulfil the study aims. The study consists of three groups. Qualitative methods will apply to Groups 1 and 2, where consenting participants will be given a choice to engage with a focus group or semi-structured interview. The data collected through these methods will be analysed using the six phases of reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitative methods will apply to Group 3, where consenting participants will complete an electronic questionnaire. The quantitative data will be described in statistical terms using the Stata Now statistical package. Data integration will occur during the data interpretation phase, using a weaving approach in a narrative format where the qualitative and quantitative data findings will be compared thematically. The intention of this study is to broaden the corpus of academic understanding into healthcare staff’s insights of patient safety processes and their attitudes towards hospital patient safety climates comparatively to evidence-based best practice for patient safety governance. This study will be carried out using a methodological pluralistic approach, allowing the researchers to choose the most appropriate methods for data collection, analysis and interpretation. The researchers will then identify the current gaps in patient safety governance practice in a small group of Irish hospitals in one healthcare region. These gaps will then be assessed and explored with implementation plans developed to address the gaps, through decision makers and policy development within healthcare.

PMID:42377867 | DOI:10.1007/s11845-026-04519-4

Radiol Phys Technol. 2026 Jun 30. doi: 10.1007/s12194-026-01089-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Accurate estimation of entrance skin dose (ESD) is essential for radiation protection and protocol optimization. This study proposes a new analytical formulation for ESD estimation, the New Mathematical Model Equation for ESD (NMME_ESD), which explicitly integrates both technical and geometric beam-formation parameters, notably the ripple factor and anode angle. These parmeters are often neglected in conventional ESD models. A dataset comprising 3800 examinations acquired from four high-frequency X-ray generators was analyzed. NMME_ESD predictions were compared with experimental measurements, Monte Carlo simulations using PHITS, and the Davies and Edmonds models. The ripple factor and anode angle influence on ESD was evaluated using sensitivity analysis based on Friedman tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank post-hoc comparisons. NMME_ESD predictions showed strong agreement with both experimental measurements and PHITS simulations (with deviations of ≤ 8.6%, r = 0.996, p > 0.05). Compared with conventional formulations, the proposed model demonstrated comparable predictive performance to the Davies model while offering improved robustness under practical clinical conditions and reduced discrepancies compared with the Edmonds model (up to 59.6%, p < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis indicated statistically significant ESD variations associated with ripple factor and anode angle (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the NMME_ESD analytical model provided instantaneous dose estimates. The NMME_ESD model provides a reliable, non-invasive analytical approach for ESD estimation. Explicit inclusion of ripple factor and anode angle in the proposed formulation improves predictive dose estimation accuracy under realistic operating conditions, offering measurable practical benefit for routine clinical dosimetry.

PMID:42377865 | DOI:10.1007/s12194-026-01089-z

Food Sci Anim Resour. 2025 Sep;45(5):1308-1325. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e95. Epub 2025 Sep 1.

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic illness of significant public health concern. This research aims to investigate the prevalence of BTB and its risk factors in Upper Egypt governorates. A total of 600 cattle (200 from each of New Valley, Qena, and Aswan) were tested using a single intradermal cervical tuberculin test (SICTT), and the positive animals were slaughtered at the central abattoirs of each governorate. The tissues of the affected carcasses were inspected by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and culturing, and confirmation of results was achieved through ELISA and PCR. The findings revealed that 2.3% of inspected animals tested positive by the SICTT. Qena recorded the highest rate of tuberculin-positive animals at 3.5%. BTB was found to be statistically associated with sex, body condition, age, breed, and yard density, and the thoracic organs and their lymph nodes were mostly affected. ZN staining identified only 85.7% of the isolates as acid-fast bacilli. ELISA results indicated that 78.6% of positive tuberculin animals were also positive for bovine-purified protein derivative antigen and 71.4% were positive for commercial polypeptide antigen. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the molecular identification of Mycobacterium bovis using tissue samples or isolates, and the PCR results confirmed the occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in 8 of each examined category. The findings underscore the crucial role of slaughterhouses in providing essential data for monitoring BTB epidemiology within specific regions. These insights are pivotal for forming strategies and implementing effective regulation and prevention measures.

PMID:42377843 | DOI:10.5851/kosfa.2024.e95

Food Sci Anim Resour. 2025 Sep;45(5):1326-1340. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e96. Epub 2025 Sep 1.

ABSTRACT

Xinjiang province is the main dairy production area of China, and Junggar Bactrian camel usually lived in the north part. Lipid is the main nutrient component of milk, and there is few reports about the differences in lipids between camel milk and cow milk in Xinjiang province. In this study, the analysis of lipids in Junggar Bactrian camel milk and cow milk in north part of Xinjiang province have been carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. As a result, 669 kinds of lipids are identified in total, which are divided into 16 lipid classes. In the results of multivariate statistical analysis, camel milk and cow milk can be separated definitely when analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and revealed that lipids in camel milk is different from that in cow milk. Furthermore, 70 kinds of lipids are selected as differential lipids with the standards of fold change >2 or fold change <0.5, p<0.05, and variable importance in projection>1, which concludes 1 kinds of ceramides, 1 kinds of glycosphingolipids, 21 kinds of phosphatidylcholines, 10 kinds of phosphatidylethanolamines, 8 kinds of phosphatidylinositol, 8 kinds of phosphatidylserines, 11 kinds of sphingomyelins, and 10 kinds of triacylglycerides. In the present study, the lipid profiles of camel milk and cow milk from Xinjiang province of China are disclosed, and it can provide foundation for the utilization of lipids from milk, as well as provide a potential reference for the camel milk and dairy products adulteration.

PMID:42377842 | DOI:10.5851/kosfa.2024.e96

Sleep Breath. 2026 Jun 30;30(4):203. doi: 10.1007/s11325-026-03750-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been increasingly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). NLRP3, a central component of the inflammasome, is involved in hypoxia- and inflammation-related pathways. We therefore investigated whether circulating NLRP3 was associated with prevalent CKD and incident CKD risk in patients with OSA.

METHODS: This single-center observational study included 648 OSA patients. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of circulating NLRP3 with renal function indices and prevalent CKD. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to assess the relationship between baseline NLRP3 and incident CKD.

RESULTS: Compared with the non-CKD group, the CKD group showed a greater nocturnal hypoxic burden, including a higher apnea-hypopnea index (37.53 ± 18.80 vs. 29.74 ± 17.95 events/h) and higher T90 (18.37% [7.26-31.94] vs. 10.84% [4.12-21.63]) (all P < 0.01). Circulating NLRP3 was independently associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (β = -4.18, 95% CI – 5.69 to – 2.67; P < 0.001) and higher logarithmically transformed urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ln(UACR)] (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.21; P < 0.001). In fully adjusted logistic models, each 1-standard deviation increase in NLRP3 was associated with higher odds of prevalent CKD (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.16-1.92; P = 0.002), and the highest quartile showed a greater likelihood of CKD than the lowest quartile (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.57-4.58; P < 0.001; P for trend < 0.001). In the prospective cohort, higher baseline NLRP3 remained associated with incident CKD after full adjustment (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.94; P = 0.009), and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower CKD-free survival in the high-NLRP3 group (log-rank P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with OSA, elevated circulating NLRP3 was associated with prevalent CKD, and an increased risk of incident CKD during follow-up. These findings suggest that NLRP3 may serve as a potential inflammatory marker for renal risk stratification in OSA.

PMID:42377775 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-026-03750-8

J Perianesth Nurs. 2026 Jun 30:S1089-9472(26)00106-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2026.04.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Most studies assess emergence delirium (ED) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), but immediate post-extubation evaluation and its associated risk factors remain understudied. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of ED immediately after extubation and to identify risk factors associated with its occurrence during this early post-extubation period in surgical patients.

DESIGN: This study employed an observational, cross-sectional, correlational design with convenience sampling.

METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted involving 299 adult patients who underwent surgery at a tertiary medical center. ED was assessed using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) immediately following extubation, which was performed once patients regained consciousness and were able to follow commands. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, sex, comorbidities, type and duration of surgery, and anesthetic agents used. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

FINDINGS: The incidence of ED was 45.5% (136/299). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that anesthetic duration ≥76 min (OR 2.33; 95% CI, 1.23 to 4.42; P = 0.009), lower education level (≤9 years; OR 2.19; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.08; P = 0.014), and a history of smoking (OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.88; P = 0.014) were independently associated with an increased risk of ED.

CONCLUSIONS: Early identification of risk factors facilitates timely recognition of ED. Lower educational attainment, smoking history, and prolonged anesthetic duration were associated with an increased risk. Immediate assessment of delirium after extubation shows potential value. In the future, it may support targeted monitoring, inform preoperative risk stratification, and help improve anesthesia nursing plans to enhance patient safety.

PMID:42376720 | DOI:10.1016/j.jopan.2026.04.003

J Forensic Sci. 2026 Jun 30. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.70398. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides increased discriminatory power in forensic DNA analysis due to the detection of isoalleles. Differences in sequences between alleles allow for a second layer of differentiation between DNA contributors beyond the number of short tandem repeat (STR) repeat units. However, because NGS is a more time and resource-intensive analysis than conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE), laboratories may benefit from indicators that suggest NGS is likely to provide added value. This study examined whether CE migration offsets, measured as residuals in the OSIRIS analysis software, can differ significantly among STR isoalleles. Residuals represent the time offset between a sample allele peak and its corresponding allelic ladder peak. Paired CE and NGS data from 95 single source samples were analyzed for CE-based residual differences, as the NGS data provided the sequence information of the corresponding isoalleles. Residual values differed significantly among isoalleles at several STR loci. Statistically significant differences were identified at D16S539 and D3S1358, as well as at specific allele lengths within D12S391, D13S317, and D8S1179. These findings demonstrate that CE residual variation can reflect underlying STR sequence differences between contributors. In practice, residual-based metrics could help laboratories to identify casework reference samples where NGS is likely to provide additional discrimination, without the need for processing outside of a routine CE workflow. Due to the potentially large number of isoalleles, community wide efforts to aggregate CE residual differences versus isoallele sequences may be useful in the validation and implementation of this approach to add value to forensic DNA analyses.

PMID:42376694 | DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.70398

J Forensic Sci. 2026 Jun 30. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.70401. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Determining the cause of death using postmortem fentanyl concentrations in femoral blood remains a major challenge in forensic toxicology. This is due to substantial concentration overlap between overdose deaths and incidental non-drug-related deaths. Existing literature largely reports descriptive statistics such as ranges and medians. These statistics do not provide an objective framework for evaluating the evidentiary value of a specific fentanyl concentration. Using distribution analysis, nonparametric tests, and likelihood ratios, we developed a four-zone statistical model to quantify overdose probability based on fentanyl concentrations in femoral blood. We also determined how polysubstance use alters these probabilities, leading to adjustments in the interpretive windows. Logistic regression modeling showed that age and sex contribute minimally to overdose probability and identified which drug classes best predict overdose classification. Together, these results provide a rigorous and objective method to determine postmortem overdose certainty in fentanyl-only and multi-drug intoxication cases.

PMID:42376689 | DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.70401

Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract. 2026 Jun 12;4(1):qyag107. doi: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyag107. eCollection 2026 Jan.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Macrophages play a crucial role in coronary artery plaque development and can be quantified as circumferential arc features via optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, the prognostic implications of macrophage arc characteristics remain underexplored.

METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multicentre, retrospective study, consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing OCT between January 2017 and April 2023 were enrolled. The macrophage arc was evaluated using maximum arc, mean arc, and mean arc score (MAS) in the target vessel. Among 1025 patients (1173 vessels), 61 (5.9%) experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified optimal predictive thresholds: maximum arc ≥ 157.5°, mean arc ≥ 97.88°, and MAS ≥ 2.27 (all P < 0.001). Elevated mean arc [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.628, P < 0.0001], maximum arc (HR = 6.902, P < 0.0001), and MAS (HR = 6.704, P < 0.0001) were independently associated with MACEs. When combined with thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) status, these parameters demonstrated enhanced predictive power: mean arc ≥ 97.88° + TCFA (HR = 8.779, P < 0.0001), maximum arc ≥ 157.5° + TCFA (HR = 8.149, P < 0.0001), and MAS ≥ 2.27 + TCFA (HR = 7.509, P < 0.0001). Notably, among TCFA-negative patients, a mean arc ≥ 97.88° showed markedly improved predictive capacity for MACEs (HR = 6.685, P < 0.001), as did maximum arc ≥ 157.5° (HR = 4.490, P < 0.001) and MAS ≥ 2.27 (HR = 5.126, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Macrophage arc parameters are strongly associated with long-term cardiovascular risk, serving as novel OCT-derived biomarkers for patients with CAD.

PMID:42376680 | PMC:PMC13312119 | DOI:10.1093/ehjimp/qyag107