Tag: pubmed

Public Health Nurs. 2026 Jul 7. doi: 10.1111/phn.70149. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the effects of a transtheoretical model based training and counseling program on the stages of change, the decisions to avoid partner violence, and the self-efficacy of the victims of intimate partner violence.

METHODS: The study was planned as a single group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from 40 women from the Investigation Bureau of Violence Against Women in a courthouse in Turkey between September 2018 and June 2019. Personal questionnaire form, a tool to determine the type of intimate violence, Abused Women’s Change Process Scales, telephone interview form, and semi-structured interview forms were used.

RESULTS: Informative training and a counseling program were offered to the women, who were then followed up for 6 months; the difference between the identified stages of change of the abused women before and after the intervention was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The differences between the mean scores on the pros and cons scales and the Temptations and Confidence Scales before and after the training and counseling program for the victims of intimate partner violence were found to be significant (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: Nurses can use sample training and counseling models in institutions where victims of violence apply.

PMID:42411137 | DOI:10.1111/phn.70149

Pharm Stat. 2026 Jul-Aug;25(4):e70108. doi: 10.1002/pst.70108.

ABSTRACT

Oncology drug development has increasingly shifted toward determining optimal biological doses rather than maximum tolerated doses (MTDs), particularly for targeted therapies and immunotherapies that exhibit complex dose-efficacy relationships. Concurrently, basket trials have emerged as an efficient approach for evaluating investigational treatments across multiple cancer types sharing common molecular targets. We propose the BOIN-ETB design, a model-assisted dose-finding design that addresses optimal dose (OD) identification in phase I/II basket trials by incorporating both toxicity and efficacy endpoints. The proposed approach employs common toxicity boundaries across cancer types while implementing cancer-specific efficacy boundaries to account for differential efficacy responses between baskets. OD selection utilizes utility functions that quantify efficacy-toxicity trade-offs. Through comprehensive simulation studies across Fourteen realistic scenarios, the BOIN-ETB design demonstrates robust performance in identifying true ODs while maintaining acceptable safety profiles across diverse cancer populations. The design provides superior consistency compared to alternative approaches, particularly in scenarios with heterogeneous dose-efficacy relationships between cancer types, making it well-suited for contemporary oncology dose-finding basket trials.

PMID:42411136 | DOI:10.1002/pst.70108

Cytometry A. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.70052. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Studies evaluating cellular phenotypes by cytometry techniques are increasingly facing analytical challenges due to the multitudes of samples and parameters that are evaluated concurrently. Spurious technical effects resulting from a lack of standardization can affect marker distributions and further complicate multi-sample analyses. User-friendly tools for exploratory data analysis to identify such technical effects in large datasets are lacking. To fill this gap, we present a novel R package, CytoScan, that evaluates inter-measurement variation in cytometry datasets and allows for detecting anomalous measurements after data acquisition. CytoScan can detect two types of anomalies: files with limited similarity to others within a dataset (outliers) and files with limited similarity to previously acquired high-quality reference data (novelties). Using simulations of skewed marker distributions and real-life technical effects, we demonstrate that CytoScan can accurately detect such anomalies. CytoScan can be applied to large cytometry datasets on consumer-grade hardware with informative visualizations, providing accessible quality control for more reliable analyses.

PMID:42411100 | DOI:10.1002/cyto.a.70052

Diagn Cytopathol. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1002/dc.70178. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intracytoplasmic lumina (ICL) are mucin-containing structures identified in histological and cytological specimens of urothelial carcinoma and are associated with high-grade tumors and poor prognosis. However, their biological significance remains unclear. This study investigated mucin expression in ICL and its association with clinical, cytopathological, and prognostic features in non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

METHODS: A total of 105 cases of non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder diagnosed were examined. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was performed in 47 cases in which ICL were identified histologically, and the staining patterns of ICL and tumor cells were evaluated. The presence of ICL in urine cytology specimens was assessed, and its associations with tumor-specific survival and recurrence were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: ICL were identified in 47 cases histologically and in 33 cases cytologically. ICL-positive tumors were more frequently observed in high-grade histology and were more often diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy in urine cytology. Immunohistochemically, MUC1 was the most frequently expressed mucin, with localization along the microvilli of the ICL lumen and within luminal mucin. Increased expression of MUC4 and MUC5AC showed a trend toward decreased survival.

CONCLUSION: ICL in non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma is more frequently observed in high-grade tumors and shows characteristic mucin expression patterns, particularly MUC1 localization within ICL structures. Increased expression of MUC4 and MUC5AC may be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that combined evaluation of ICL and mucin expression may provide additional prognostic information in urothelial carcinoma.

PMID:42411043 | DOI:10.1002/dc.70178

Global Spine J. 2026 Jul 6:21925682261466191. doi: 10.1177/21925682261466191. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Study DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.ObjectiveTo evaluate national trends in utilization and inflation-adjusted charges for single-level posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) performed in hospital-owned ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs).MethodsThe National Ambulatory Surgery Sample was queried from 2016 to 2022 for adult ASC encounters with CPT 22600, corresponding to single-level posterior cervical fusion. Survey-weighted methods estimated national volumes and modeled adjusted charges using generalized linear models. Statistical significance was set at P< 0.05.ResultsA weighted total of 8,609 single-level PCDF procedures were performed in hospital-owned ASCs from 2016 to 2022 (unweighted n = 6,505). Annual volume increased from 577 cases in 2016 to 3,307 cases in 2021 before declining to 1,586 cases in 2022. Median inflation-adjusted charges rose from $41,697 in 2016 to $69,255 in 2022 (P < 0.001). Adjusted mean charges varied significantly by payer and region, with higher charges for private insurance versus Medicaid ($62,621 vs $50,095, P < 0.001) and for the West versus the Northeast ($93,278 vs $19,847, P < 0.001), based on adequate regional sample sizes (unweighted n = 653 and n = 1,557, respectively). Medicare demonstrated the fastest annual charge growth, higher than Medicaid (+10.35%/year, P = 0.004), private (+12.31%/year, P < 0.001), and Other (+11.87%/year, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOutpatient PCDF adoption in ASCs rose sharply from 2016 to 2021 with persistent, pronounced regional and payer-associated charge variation. These findings suggest that geographic pricing ecosystems and payer dynamics are key drivers of outpatient PCDF economics.

PMID:42411038 | DOI:10.1177/21925682261466191

Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2026 Jul;14(7):e70262. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.70262.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies continue to recruit larger samples, increase resolution, and improve their statistical foundations. These investigations often remain restricted by design to large, outbred populations. This can exclude genetically distinct populations, to whom the genetic insights gained may not apply, and forgoes the benefits that isolated populations can offer to biomedical research. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a collection of highly correlated risk factors that predisposes individuals to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. The environmental factors that lead to MetS are well understood, but each person’s response to these influences is modulated by their genetics.

METHODS: In this mini-review, we discuss the features of population isolates for mapping disease genes, briefly consider some of the clinical aspects of MetS, and compare the recent contributions to understanding the genetic causes of MetS by population isolates and by large open-population approaches.

RESULTS: Studies in isolated populations have revealed novel genetic associations, including determining causal variants. Isolated populations have also validated and refined associated loci discovered in large, open populations.

CONCLUSION: Much progress has been made uncovering the genetic basis of MetS and related conditions. However, while the field progresses, the definition of the syndrome remains contested, and a comprehensive understanding of MetS genetics remains elusive.

PMID:42411037 | DOI:10.1002/mgg3.70262

J Phys Chem B. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c02780. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In microphase-forming systems, the loss of long-range order at the order-disorder transition does not necessarily imply the total disappearance of short-range structural organization. Instead, transient clusters locally resembling the ordered mesophase may persist within the isotropic phase. While the existence of such clusters is known, their statistical properties and their relationship to the thermodynamic signatures of the system have not been fully characterized. In this work, we address these questions for a binary mixture with isotropic Stillinger-Weber interactions that stabilizes a hexagonal mesophase by combining molecular dynamics simulations with thermodynamic modeling. A geometry-based algorithm is introduced to identify worm-like aggregates from particle configurations using a temperature-dependent B-B connectivity criterion. The resulting size distributions are monotonically decreasing and broaden markedly on approaching the order-disorder transition from above, showing that the disordered phase is not locally homogeneous but retains a population of finite worm-like fragments with persistent local compositional order. To rationalize these observations, we develop a minimal thermodynamic model based on a Flory-Huggins-type free energy, in which cluster formation is controlled by a single effective interaction parameter. The model reproduces the simulated size distributions over the explored temperature range using a single temperature-independent energetic parameter for a physically meaningful connectivity definition. Using this same parameter, fitted only to the structural distributions, the predicted disordering enthalpy closely matches that obtained directly from the simulations, providing an independent thermodynamic validation. Together, these results identify worm formation as the dominant energetic contribution in the isotropic phase and provide a direct link between microscopic cluster statistics and macroscopic thermodynamic behavior above the order-disorder transition.

PMID:42411003 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c02780

BMC Res Notes. 2026 Jul 6;19(1):277. doi: 10.1186/s13104-026-07937-w.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Metadata standardization in collaborative biomedical research must balance interoperability with domain-specific detail. We describe a parent-template approach in which a baseline schema from the nephrology-focused CRC 1453 NephGen was adapted for the tumor-immunology CRC OncoEscape and the perinatal-immunology CRC Pilot.

RESULTS: The derivation process produced three structurally compatible yet vocabulary-divergent schemas. Pilot required the highest granularity (324 levels), followed by NephGen (287) and OncoEscape (283). Vocabulary reuse from the NephGen baseline was limited: 134 of 283 OncoEscape levels (47%) and 113 of 324 Pilot levels (35%) were retained unchanged. The main adaptations were not only expanded level lists, such as cell lines and mouse lines, but also new CRC-specific query dimensions, including “Oncogenes” in OncoEscape and “Timeline” in Pilot. In the context of AI-assisted extraction, we use the term instruction set to denote a schema that specifies target fields, expected granularity, example values, and validation resources for each metadata dimension, rather than a simple drop-down form or a free-text prompt template.

PMID:42410488 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-026-07937-w

J Intensive Care. 2026 Jul 7. doi: 10.1186/s40560-026-00900-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the removal of cardiac troponin T via continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH), continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) as a function of circulating blood troponin T levels in critically ill patients.

METHODS: This was a single-centre, prospective observational study conducted at Tallaght University Hospital (Dublin, Ireland). Adult patients admitted to ICU and commenced on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were included. All patients required a troponin T level > 50 ng/L. All patients were required to have commenced CRRT > 4 h prior to first sample. The aim was to take three serum samples per patient every 24 h, over a total of 72 h, with simultaneous sampling of the waste effluent for troponin T. Our primary outcome measure was estimated troponin T clearance according to CRRT modality.

RESULTS: We found no significant difference in estimated troponin T clearance according to CRRT modality (overall median troponin T clearance of 2.6 ml/kg/h). As a secondary outcome, it was noted that the percentage of troponin T clearance was statistically significantly higher for CVVH compared to CVVHD and CVVHDF (16% vs. 15% vs. 10%, respectively; p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in estimated troponin T clearance was found according to CRRT modality. Our results show that clearance of troponin T on CRRT is generally small across all modalities and that ongoing treatment with CRRT is unlikely to substantially impact interpretation and tracking of troponin T results in patients with concern for acute coronary syndrome.

PMID:42410486 | DOI:10.1186/s40560-026-00900-8

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01851-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Professional volleyball demands high-level neuromuscular control, yet frequent physical exhaustion during competition can compromise postural stability. While balance training is often utilized in athletic training programs, its specific efficacy in mitigating fatigue-induced deficits among elite athletes remains under-investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether 12 weeks of supplementary balance training, integrated into a routine athletic schedule, improves fatigue-induced postural sway in professional female volleyball players.

METHODS: Twenty-three professional female volleyball players from two professional teams participated in this non-randomized, controlled study. One team implemented supplementary balance training in addition to routine practice, whereas the other team continued their standard seasonal program. Eleven players were in the training team, and twelve were in the control team. Postural sway was assessed using the Overall Stability Index (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Medial-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI) with the Biodex Balance Systems SD device. Measurements were taken at baseline and multiple time points (0, 10, 20, 30 min) after Bruce protocol, both before and after the 12-week intervention. Data were analyzed using a robust rank-based, non-parametric method and by estimating relative treatment effects (RTEs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Post-intervention analysis revealed no significant group-by-time interaction for OSI (p = 0.303), APSI (p = 0.397), or MLSI (p = 0.113). These results indicate that the trajectory of balance loss and recovery following high-intensity exercise was statistically similar for both groups. While a significant main effect of time was observed (p < 0.001), confirming that high-intensity exercise impaired stability, the supplementary balance training did not provide a statistically superior resistance to fatigue compared to routine training alone. Consistent with the non-significant group-by-time interaction tests (p > 0.05 for all stability indices), the 95% CIs of the RTEs overlapped substantially at all post-exercise time points; however, inferential conclusions are based on the interaction test results.

CONCLUSIONS: Supplementary balance training did not provide a statistically significant advantage in mitigating fatigue-induced postural instability compared to routine training in this sample.

PMID:42410480 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-026-01851-1