Tag: pubmed

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.1007/s00266-022-02907-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mastectomy is the most common and sometimes the only surgery performed in FtM transgender individuals. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the improvement in life standards of patients who underwent double incision mastectomy with free nipple-areolar complex graft and periareolar mastectomy by using TRANS-Q in trans men.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: TRANS-Q was performed in 71 trans men at the preoperative and postoperative 1st year, and the revision and complication rates in both groups were compared.

RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed in the postoperative satisfaction rates in both groups. We observed that the patients who underwent periareolar mastectomy had significantly higher satisfaction rates than the patients who underwent double incision mastectomy with free nipple areolar complex graft. In both groups, postoperative satisfaction rates were found to be significantly higher.

CONCLUSION: Improvement in life standards has been observed in trans men who underwent mastectomy, and late results should be evaluated with further prospective studies.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:35545705 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-022-02907-6

Sci Data. 2022 May 11;9(1):200. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01305-6.

ABSTRACT

As a key variable to characterize the process of crop growth, the aboveground biomass (AGB) plays an important role in crop management and production. Process-based models and remote sensing are two important scientific methods for crop AGB estimation. In this study, we combined observations from agricultural meteorological stations and county-level yield statistics to calibrate a process-based crop growth model for winter wheat. After that, we assimilated a reprocessed temporal-spatial filtered MODIS Leaf Area Index product into the model to derive the 1 km daily AGB dataset of the main winter wheat producing areas in China from 2007 to 2015. The validation using ground measurements also suggests the derived AGB dataset agrees well with the filed observations, i.e., the R² is above 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) reaches 1,377 kg·ha^-1. Compared to county-level statistics during 2007-2015, the ranges of R², RMSE, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are 0.73~0.89, 953~1,503 kg·ha^-1, and 8%~12%, respectively. We believe our dataset can be helpful for relevant studies on regional agricultural production management and yield estimation.

PMID:35545636 | DOI:10.1038/s41597-022-01305-6

Nature. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04718-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Immunotherapies have achieved remarkable successes in the treatment of cancer, but major challenges remain^1,2. An inherent weakness of current treatment approaches is that therapeutically targeted pathways are not restricted to tumours, but are also found in other tissue microenvironments, complicating treatment^3,4. Despite great efforts to define inflammatory processes in the tumour microenvironment, the understanding of tumour-unique immune alterations is limited by a knowledge gap regarding the immune cell populations in inflamed human tissues. Here, in an effort to identify such tumour-enriched immune alterations, we used complementary single-cell analysis approaches to interrogate the immune infiltrate in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and site-matched non-malignant, inflamed tissues. Our analysis revealed a large overlap in the composition and phenotype of immune cells in tumour and inflamed tissues. Computational analysis identified tumour-enriched immune cell interactions, one of which yields a large population of regulatory T (T_reg) cells that is highly enriched in the tumour and uniquely identified among all haematopoietically-derived cells in blood and tissue by co-expression of ICOS and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1). We provide evidence that these intratumoural IL1R1⁺ T_reg cells had responded to antigen recently and demonstrate that they are clonally expanded with superior suppressive function compared with IL1R1^– T_reg cells. In addition to identifying extensive immunological congruence between inflamed tissues and tumours as well as tumour-specific changes with direct disease relevance, our work also provides a blueprint for extricating disease-specific changes from general inflammation-associated patterns.

PMID:35545675 | DOI:10.1038/s41586-022-04718-w

Sci Rep. 2022 May 11;12(1):7761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11231-7.

ABSTRACT

The dust plume tracks from the Middle East and Eastern Africa to the Indian subcontinent have an impact on the atmospheric and ocean biogeochemistry of the Arabian Sea (AS). Here, we present the impact of dust on net primary productivity (NPP) over the AS using satellite-based observation and model simulation. Seasonal episodes and long-term trends in dust optical depth (DOD), dust mass flux (DMF) and dust deposition flux (DDF) from 2007 to 2020 are quantified. Nearly 32% of the total dust is advected to the AS during transport (maximum in JJA; DMF ~ 33.1 Tg year^-1 ~ 56% of annual and DDF ~ 5.5 Tg year^-1 ~ 63% of annual). Over the last one and half decades, there has been a statistically significant decreasing trend in DOD, associated with precipitation, enhanced vegetation index and surface soil moisture over the landmasses in the proximity of the AS. Similarly, the depletion in DDF suppresses the NPP over different regions of the AS, especially over the central AS, where the oceanic supply of nutrients is limited.

PMID:35545631 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-11231-7

Sci Rep. 2022 May 11;12(1):7714. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11599-6.

ABSTRACT

Impacts of blending fusel oil with gasoline on fuel combustion have been investigated experimentally in the current research to evaluate engine performance improvement and exhaust emission. Tested fuel include F10, F20 (10% and 20% of fusel oil by volume) and pure gasoline as baseline fuel have been used to operate 4-cylinder SI engine at increasing engine speed and constant throttle valve of 45%. The present results reveal a shorter combustion duration and better engine performance with F10 over engine speeds with maximum value of 33.9% for the engine brake thermal efficiency. The lowest BSFC of 251 g/kW h was recorded at 3500 rpm engine speed also with F10. All blended fuel have almost similar COV_IMEP. Less NO_x emission was measured with F10 at 4500 engine speed compared to gasoline. However, CO emissions reduced while higher CO₂ was observed with introducing fusel oil in the blend. Moreover, HC emission increased an average by 11% over speed range and the highest value was achieved with 10% fusel oil addition compared to 20% and pure gasoline. Accordingly, higher oxygen content of fusel oil and octane number contribute to improve combustion of fuel mixture.

PMID:35545627 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-11599-6

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 20;40(4):311-315. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210126-00054.

ABSTRACT

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) refer to musculoskeletal disorders caused by work or work as the main cause, which are characterized by high prevalence and heavy burden of disease as a global problem. The classification and catalog of occupational diseases is of great significance for guiding the prevention and control of occupational diseases and safeguarding the rights and interests of workers. The types of WMSDs included in the list of occupational diseases vary greatly from country to country, and the regulations on specific pathogenic factors are also inconsistent. By sorting out and analyzing the lists and characteristics of WMSDs at home and abroad, and using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) in occupational health to standardize of WMSDs in various countries, which would lay the foundation for future multi-country WMSDs occupational health registration and disease burden research, and provide a reference for China to revise the WMSDs list.

PMID:35545604 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210126-00054

Int Wound J. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13840. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cyanoacrylate (CA) tissue glue is frequently used in various surgical procedures, and it is simple to use and may save time during procedures. We report the use, effectiveness, and postoperative outcomes of patients who have undergone skin graft surgeries in which CA glue was used to stabilise the graft. A retrospective study of patients who underwent skin graft surgeries where CA was used to stabilise the grafts between January 2018 and August 2021 at different medical institutes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York). A total of 36 cases were included. Five patients (13.9%) had diabetes. All cases received antibiotics preoperatively. Two types of harvested skin grafts were used: (a) a non-meshed split-thickness skin graft (n = 24, 66.7%), and (b) a meshed split-thickness skin graft (n = 12, 33.3%). The graft uptake outcome was 100% for 32 patients (88.9%). The most common underlying indication of skin grafting was burn 17 (47.2%), in which 5 (13.9%) developed partial graft loss. The percentage of skin grafts taken using CA was high and comparable to other fixation methods. Further studies may be needed to assess the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

PMID:35545607 | DOI:10.1111/iwj.13840

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 20;40(4):308-310. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200903-00513.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate and monitor the occupational hazards in the Teaching and Research Laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the place) of a university, so as to provide basis for the occupational health work in the university. Methods: November 2014, 46 places in a university were selected by stratified random sampling, and the occupational health risk factors were investigated. Results: Indoor temperature, humidity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were detected in 21 sites, xylene and hydrofluoric acid were detected in 6 sites, and colony count was detected in 18 sites, the power frequency electric field intensity was measured in 23 places, and the x-ray radiation dose was measured in 4 places. Noise was measured at 21 sites, with 7 sites exceeding the standards accounting for 33.3% (7/21) ; 21 sites were detected for illumination and 10 sites for nonconformity accounting for 47.6% (10/21) ; 10 sites for Microwave Radiation and 3 sites exceeding the standards accounting for 30% (3/10) ; and 25 sites were detected for outdoor air volume and air velocity, the percentage of unqualified was 72% (18/25) in 18 sites, among which the wind velocity was statistically significant in teaching, research and experimental sites (P=0.010) . Conclusion: The occupational hazards in the teaching and research places of a university should be paid attention to, and the engineering protection and personal protection should be strengthened in the experiment.

PMID:35545603 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200903-00513

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 20;40(4):267-271. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210318-00154.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the influential factors of job stress suffered by workers in railway stations, the level of job stress of were measured and subjective comfort of employees targeting to working environment were reported. Methods: In March 2019, a cluster sampling study was designed to collect the personal characteristics, job characteristics and subjective comfort degree of working environment of 432 employees in Chongqing railway stations. Meanwhile, job stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance scale. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of occupational stress detection rate among different stratified factors such as occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influential factors of occupational stress. Results: The detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations was 31.02% (134/432) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among the divorced workers in railway stations, those earning less than 5, 000 yuan per month, those with 10-20 years’ length of service, those who worked as a conductor and other workers including baggageman, station master on duty and assistant engineer (χ(2)=9.61, 14.76, 23.28, 11.06, P=0.008, 0.002, 0.000, 0.011) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among those whose working environment subjective feelings were uncomfortable, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) . The results showed that the occupational stress of the staff in the railway stations was influenced by their subjective feeling of air quality, noise and Space Layout (P<0.05) . The risk factors of occupational stress were air quality, noise and uncomfortable space layout (OR=0.571, 0.068, 0.441, P=0.051, 0.054, 0.007) . Conductor, other (Bellboy, Duty Station Master, assistant engineer) were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=1.884, 2.703, P=0.065, 0.019) . The employees of station A and station B were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=4.681, 1.811, P=0.002, 0.067) . Conclusion: The higher detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations is correlated with the subjective comfort degree of the working environment of the workers.

PMID:35545592 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210318-00154

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2022 May 17;102(18):1389-1393. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210909-02055.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify prognostic factors for revitrectomy in patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for complications with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control study. Clinical data of PDR patients (290 eyes) at Peking University People’s Hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected.According to the number of operations, patients were divided into two groups: single PPV group (227 eyes) and revitrectomy PPV group (63 eyes). Follow-up will be conducted up to 6 months postoperatively. The BCVA was compared before and after PPV between the two groups, and postoperative complications of revitrectomy PPV group were analyzed. Quantitative data are presented as medians [M (Q₁, Q₃)]. Results: The age of single PPV group patients was 55.0 (47.0, 63.0), and the age of revitrectomy PPV group patients was 49.0 (38.0, 57.0). This difference was statistically significant (P=0.027). The LogMAR visual acuity of two groups were 1.7 (1.0, 2.4) and 2.1 (1.4, 2.4) (P=0.026) preoperative; the visual acuity of single PPV group was 0.75 (0.43, 1.00) (P<0.001), and revitrectomy PPV group was 0.95 (0.60, 1.65) (P<0.001) at 6 months postoperative. The visual acuity improvement of single PPV group was better than revitrectomy PPV group (P=0.021). Age (P=0.043, OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-1.00), preoperative BCVA (P=0.024, OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.08-3.05), tractional retinal detachment (TRD) (P=0.033, OR=2.16, 95%CI:1.06-4.37), silicone oil tamponade (P=0.028, OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.25-0.92) were prognostic factors of revitrectomy. Conclusion: Young age, low preoperative BCVA, TRD, and silicon oil tamponade were the potential prognostic factors of revitrectomy for PDR patients.

PMID:35545585 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210909-02055