Tag: pubmed

Ann Hepatol. 2022 Apr 30:100721. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100721. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have proposed two distinctive types of obesity, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO), based on various physiological factors. This study sought to explore the relationship between the metabolic obesity types and the incidence of liver cirrhosis (LC) in a large nationally-representative population.

METHODS: Data on 27,629 adults with MHO or MUHO, were analyzed from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNANES) obtained from 2015 through 2019. Four categories of metabolic health and weight (MHW) were generated for analysis: 1) MHO, 2) MUHO, 3) Metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW), and 4) Metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW). Statistical analyses were performed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS: The prevalence of LC did not show statistically significant differences among the MHW categories: 0.5% in MHO, 0.4% in MUHO, 0.2% in MHNW, and 0.3% in MUHNW. The unadjusted analysis showed a significant association between self-reported LC and MUHO, but this association was not evident in the adjusted analysis. In the adjusted analysis of the prevalence of laboratory LC, a significant association emerged in the MUHO group, followed in descending order of magnitude by the MHO and MUHNW groups. A favorable fasting blood glucose level was the only factor associated with increased prevalence of reported LC in MUHO.

CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated a difference in the prevalence of LC between MHO and MUHO. Our study concludes that the MHO phenotype is a transient status with regard to metabolic abnormalities, and caution is necessary when evaluating MHO.

PMID:35504573 | DOI:10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100721

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022 Apr 30:S0360-3016(22)00393-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.035. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate disease, survival, and toxicity outcomes following unilateral radiotherapy treatment for tonsillar cancer.

METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of patients treated at our institution between 2000-2018. Summary statistics were used to assess the cohort by patient characteristics and treatments delivered. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine survival outcomes.

RESULTS: The cohort constituted 403 patients, including 343 (85%) with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of ipsilateral cervical nodal disease including 181 (45%) with multiple involved nodes. HPV was detected in 294 (73%) tumors. Median follow-up time was 5.8 years. Disease relapse was infrequent-with local recurrence in 9 (2%) patients, neck recurrence in 13 (3%) patients, and recurrence in the unirradiated contralateral neck in 9 (2%) of patients. Five- and ten-year overall survival rates were 94% and 89%, respectively. Gastrostomy tubes were needed in 32 (9%) patients, and no patient had a feeding tube 6 months after therapy.

CONCLUSION: For patients with well lateralized tonsillar tumors and no clinically evident adenopathy of the contralateral neck, unilateral radiotherapy offers favorable rates of disease outcomes and a relatively low toxicity profile.

PMID:35504500 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.035

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Apr 30:S0091-6749(22)00617-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In subjects with systemic mastocytosis the number of mast cells is elevated manifold. These patients frequently suffer unpredictable and recurrent life-threatening mast cell activation (MCA) events.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyze the derangements of chemokine and cytokine concentrations during severe MCA attacks METHODS: Samples from an indolent systemic mastocytosis patient were used for this study. A total of 41 chemokines and cytokines were simultaneously measured in triplicate and at multiple time points during two severe and two moderate MCA events. These were compared to 3 to 5 baseline samples, taken when clinical symptoms were not present.

RESULTS: During the severe MCA event, which required 2 days of treatment in the intensive care unit, peak CCL3, IL-1ra, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and GM-CSF concentrations were statistically significantly elevated 29-, 99-, 44-, 280-, 93-, 7- and 6-fold above baseline respectively. A very similar pattern was observed during the second severe MCA event. In the moderate MCA event with PCR-proven Influenza A infection, the Th1-associated cytokines INFα, INFγ and TNFα were only statistically significantly elevated 5- to 7-fold above baseline. The correlation coefficients between highly elevated histamine and cytokine concentrations during the acute phase were >95% indicating the same cellular origin, possibly activated mast cells.

CONCLUSIONS: One of the severe MCA events led to life-threatening symptoms over several days. During this event, the massive release of Th2 cytokines induced a hyperinflammatory state, fulfilling recently published criteria for cytokine release syndrome. Administration of IL-6 and IL-5 inhibiting biologicals might significantly shorten the acute phase of severe MCA events, likely offering significant clinical benefits to mastocytosis patients.

PMID:35504498 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.023

J Org Chem. 2022 May 3. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00369. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

6-Azidotetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine (ATPH) is a nitrogen-rich compound of surprisingly broad interest. It is purported to be a natural product, yet it is closely related to substances developed as explosives and is highly polymorphic despite having a nearly planar structure with little flexibility. Seven solid forms of ATPH have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures show diverse patterns of molecular organization, including both stacked sheets and herringbone packing. In all cases, N···N and C-H···N interactions play key roles in ensuring molecular cohesion. The high polymorphism of ATPH appears to arise in part from the ability of virtually every atom of nitrogen and hydrogen in the molecule to take part in close N···N and C-H···N contacts. As a result, adjacent molecules can adopt many different relative orientations that are energetically similar, thereby generating a polymorphic landscape with an unusually high density of potential structures. This landscape has been explored in detail by the computational prediction of crystal structures. Studying ATPH has provided insights into the field of energetic materials, where access to multiple polymorphs can be used to improve performance and clarify how it depends on molecular packing. In addition, our work with ATPH shows how valuable insights into molecular crystallization, often gleaned from statistical analyses of structural databases, can also come from in-depth empirical and theoretical studies of single compounds that show distinctive behavior.

PMID:35504046 | DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.2c00369

Retina. 2022 Apr 22. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003510. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine effects of baseline characteristics and laser type performed on outcomes in people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).

METHODS: Medical records of all consecutive patients with PDR naïve to PRP, identified using an electronic database, evaluated at the Macula Clinic, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, receiving their first PRP between 1st January 2016 and 30th June 2017, and followed for a minimum of 6 months following stabilization of PDR, were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes included time to stabilization following PRP, progression of PDR, and mean change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to last follow-up. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the effect of baseline characteristics and type of laser on outcomes following treatment.

RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen patients (135 eyes) with a mean age of 57.6 (SD: 13.1) years were included, 67% males. People receiving pattern or mixed laser had a statistically significantly delayed stabilization (HR: 0.54, p=0.004; and HR: 0.41, p=0.001, respectively) and increased risk of progression (HR: 1.83, p=0.028; and HR: 2.04, p=0.018, respectively) when compared to those receiving standard laser. Among other potential predictors in multivariable regression analysis, only vitreous hemorrhage and fibrosis or traction at baseline increased risk of progression (HR: 1.70, p=0.017; and HR: 4.14, p<0.001 respectively). Baseline characteristics and type of laser had no statistically significant effect on vision.

CONCLUSION: These findings should be considered when selecting laser treatment, planning surveillance, and counselling patients with PDR undergoing PRP.

PMID:35504028 | DOI:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003510

Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 May 3:1-8. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2065927. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Seminal work has found a negative association between physical exercise and impulsivity levels in humans. This paper aims to strengthen these findings by evaluating the association between the amount of self-reported physical exercise per week and emotion-related impulsivity whilst considering age and gender as covariates on a large-scale dataset.Participants completed an online self-report questionnaire about emotion-related impulsivity (i.e. Feelings Trigger Action) and exercise-related questions. After quality control, 773 participants were included in the analysis. Correlational analyses and a multiple regression model explaining the emotion-related impulsivity scores via the amount of exercise per week and demographic characteristics (i.e. age and gender) were performed.The number of hours spent exercising per week was significantly inversely correlated with the Feelings Trigger Action score (r = -.131, p < .001) and two out of its three subscales. The multiple linear regression model showed that hours of exercise per week and gender were significantly associated with the Feelings Trigger Action score (std. β = -.122, p < .001), however, this model explained only 3.2% of the overall variance.This large-scale dataset confirms seminal work displaying an inverse association between emotion-related impulsivity and hours of exercise per week. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two variables. HighlightsThis study (N = 773) confirms seminal work on the connection between exercise and impulsivity.When controlling for demographic variables, the amount of exercise per week was inversely correlated (small effect size) with emotion-related impulsivity levels.In the multiple-regression model, hours of exercise per week and gender were significantly associated with the Feelings Trigger Action score.

PMID:35504027 | DOI:10.1080/17461391.2022.2065927

J Nerv Ment Dis. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001540. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The use of music as a basis for overcoming depressive personality disorders is possible only if the individual is ready for this therapy. Music therapy affects, first of all, the very structure of personality, its dynamic filling with current social and political tendencies, and allows to highlight problem areas, which are often viewed as complex in the structure of other psychological problems. The purpose of the current study was the determination and justification of the corresponding criteria in relation to this, as well as the methodology for diagnosing the studied phenomenon. The diagnostics involved five groups of psychologists (in general, 438 persons). The preparedness of therapists for preventive and remedial work with patients with depressive conduct disorder was evaluated. To test the truth of the statistical hypothesis the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney criterion was used. The novelty of the article is determined by the fact that the use of music is considered only as a therapeutic measure, and not associated with the use of medication or sedation. The developed system of the use of music therapy can be implemented only under the condition of applying special factors and principles. These factors include, first of all, the ability to respond to the personality and, if necessary, adjust the therapy strategy.

PMID:35504020 | DOI:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001540

J Proteome Res. 2022 May 3. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00051. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become a high-throughput technology for the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins in complex biological samples. Two frequently used tools, MaxQuant and MSstats, allow for the analysis of raw data and finding proteins with differential abundance between conditions of interest. To enable accessible and reproducible quantitative proteomics analyses in a cloud environment, we have integrated MaxQuant (including TMTpro 16/18plex), Proteomics Quality Control (PTXQC), MSstats, and MSstatsTMT into the open-source Galaxy framework. This enables the web-based analysis of label-free and isobaric labeling proteomics experiments via Galaxy’s graphical user interface on public clouds. MaxQuant and MSstats in Galaxy can be applied in conjunction with thousands of existing Galaxy tools and integrated into standardized, sharable workflows. Galaxy tracks all metadata and intermediate results in analysis histories, which can be shared privately for collaborations or publicly, allowing full reproducibility and transparency of published analysis. To further increase accessibility, we provide detailed hands-on training materials. The integration of MaxQuant and MSstats into the Galaxy framework enables their usage in a reproducible way on accessible large computational infrastructures, hence realizing the foundation for high-throughput proteomics data science for everyone.

PMID:35503992 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00051

Radiat Res. 2022 May 3. doi: 10.1667/RADE-21-00234.1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a treatment modality for cancer that involves radiations of different qualities. A formalism that proved suitable to compute doses in photon-equivalent units is the photon isoeffective dose model. This study addresses the question whether considering in vitro or in vivo radiobiological studies to determine the parameters involved in photon isoeffective dose calculations affects the consistency of the model predictions. The analysis is focused on head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), a main target that proved to respond to BNCT. The photon isoeffective dose model for HNSCC with parameters from in vitro studies using the primary human cell line UT-SCC-16A was introduced and compared to the one previously reported with parameters from an in vivo oral cancer model in rodents. Both models were first compared in a simple scenario by means of tumor dose and control probability calculations. Then, the clinical impact of the different dose models was assessed from the analysis of a group of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) patients treated with BNCT. Traditional dose calculations using the relative biological effectiveness factors derived from the SCC cell line were also analyzed. Predictions of tumor control from the evaluated models were compared to the patients’ outcome. The quantification of the biological effectiveness of the different radiations revealed that relative biological effectiveness/compound biological effectiveness (RBE/CBE) factors for the SCC cell line are up to 20% higher than those assumed in clinical BNCT, highlighting the importance of using experimental data intimately linked to the tumor type to derive the model’s parameters. The comparison of the different models showed that photon isoeffective doses based on in vitro data are generally greater than those from in vivo data (∼8-16% for total tumor absorbed doses of 10-15 Gy). However, the predictive power of the two models was not affected by these differences: both models fulfilled conditions to guarantee a good predictive performance and gave predictions statistically compatible with the clinical outcome. On the other hand, doses computed with the traditional model were substantially larger than those obtained with both photon isoeffective models. Moreover, the traditional model is statistically rejected, which reinforces the assertion that its inconsistencies are intrinsic and not due to the use of RBE/CBE factors obtained for a tumor type different from HN cancer. The results suggest that the nature of the radiobiological data would not affect the consistency of the photon isoeffective dose model in the studied cases of SCC head and neck cancer treated with BPA-based BNCT.

PMID:35504003 | DOI:10.1667/RADE-21-00234.1

Anesthesiology. 2022 May 3. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004259. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Whether a particular surgeon’s opioid prescribing behavior is associated with prolonged postoperative opioid use is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the patients of surgeons with a higher propensity to prescribe opioids are more likely to utilize opioids long-term postoperatively.

METHODS: We identified 612,378 Medicare fee-for-service patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. We then defined “high-intensity” surgeons as those whose patients were, on average, in the upper quartile of opioid utilization in the immediate perioperative period (preoperative day 7 to postoperative day 7), We then estimated whether patients of “high-intensity” surgeons had higher opioid utilization in the mid-term (postoperative days 8-90) and long-term (postoperative days 91-365), utilizing an instrumental variables approach to minimize confounding from unobservable factors.

RESULTS: In the final sample of 604,093 patients, the average age was 74 years (SD 5) and there were 413,121 (68.4%) females. 180,926 patients (30%) were treated by “high-intensity” surgeons. On average, patients receiving treatment from a “high-intensity” surgeon received 36.1 (SD 35.0) oral morphine equivalents (MME)/day during the immediate perioperative period compared to 17.3 MME (SD 23.1) per day for all other patients (+18.9 MME/day difference; 95%CI 18.7 to 19.0; p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, receiving treatment from a “high-intensity” surgeon was associated with higher opioid utilization in the mid-term opioid postoperative period (+2.4 MME/day difference, 95%CI 1.7 to 3.2, p<0.001, [11.4 MME/day vs 9.0]), and lower opioid utilization in the long-term postoperative period (-1.0 MME/day difference, 95%CI -1.4 to -0.6, p<0.001, [2.8 MME/day vs 3.8]). While statistically significant, these differences were clinically small.

CONCLUSIONS: Among Medicare fee-for-service patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, surgeon-level variation in opioid utilization in the immediate perioperative period was associated with statistically significant but clinically insignificant differences in opioid utilization in the medium- and long-term postoperative periods.

PMID:35503990 | DOI:10.1097/ALN.0000000000004259