Tag: pubmed

Clin Transl Sci. 2026 May;19(5):e70579. doi: 10.1111/cts.70579.

ABSTRACT

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with malignancies. Identifying prognostic factors is vital for improving survival outcomes. This study assessed the impact of clinical, demographic, and genetic factors on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A prospective cohort of 70 NSCLC patients was analyzed. Demographic and clinical data, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and clinical response by RECIST 1.1 criteria, were assessed. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. The median PFS and OS were 15 and 24 months, respectively. EGFR-positive patients showed significantly longer survival than EGFR-negative patients (PFS: 17 vs. 11 months, OS: not reached [NA] vs. 24 months). Brain metastases indicated poor OS (OS: 15 months vs. NA) but did not affect PFS. Patients with a partial response after one year exhibited improved overall survival (24-month OS probability of 77.8%). EGFR mutation status, brain metastases, and clinical response are key predictors of survival in NSCLC patients. Integrating genetic screening, timely management of brain metastases, and early assessment may enhance personalized treatment and improve prognosis.

PMID:42109065 | DOI:10.1111/cts.70579

J Endovasc Ther. 2026 May 11:15266028261439629. doi: 10.1177/15266028261439629. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Drug-coated balloon (DCB) have gained prominence as an innovative drug delivery approach in intravascular interventions. Despite its growing clinical application, the safety and efficacy of DCB, especially in the treatment of below-the-knee arterial occlusive disease, require further investigation and validation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the comparative clinical outcomes of DCB versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with below-the-knee arterial disease.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (2009-2024). Two investigators independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality using predefined criteria. The primary outcomes were clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) and binary restenosis, and the secondary outcomes included primary patency, late lumen loss, and major amputation. Safety outcomes included all-cause mortality and major adverse events (MAEs). Data were analyzed using RevMan version 5.4.

RESULTS: Twelve studies (2165 patients, 2986 lesions) were included, with an overall moderate-to-low quality. DCB demonstrated superior outcomes versus PTA: trend toward reduction CD-TLR (17.2% vs 23.2%; OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47-1.01), reduced restenosis (40% vs 67.9%; OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.13-1.36), and improved 6-month primary patency (70.1% vs 50.8%; OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.00-5.84). DCB also showed reduced late lumen loss (MD -0.45, 95% CI -0.92 to 0.01), lower major amputation (12.1% vs 23.1%; OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.49-1.60), decreased mortality (16.0% vs 19.6%; OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71-1.13), and fewer MAEs (44.1% vs 47.9%; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.94). Detailed statistical analyses are presented in the main text of this paper.

CONCLUSION: In below-the-knee arterial disease, DCB showed a trend toward reduced repeat revascularization and improved vessel patency compared to PTA, although the reduction in CD-TLR was not statistically significant. DCB demonstrated comparable safety and limb preservation outcomes. These results indicate that DCB represents a viable therapeutic option for this challenging disease.Clinical ImpactThis meta-analysis moderates expectations regarding DCB use in BTK arterial disease. While DCB appears effective in reducing reinterventions and MAEs compared to PTA, these benefits did not clearly translate to improved amputation-free survival or mortality. For clinicians, this suggests a need for cautious patient selection rather than routine escalation. The innovation lies in highlighting the apparent dissociation between surrogate markers and hard outcomes. This warrants a balanced approach: prioritizing wound care and comorbidity control, while reserving DCB for select cases where lesion characteristics may favor drug delivery.

PMID:42109064 | DOI:10.1177/15266028261439629

Pediatr Int. 2026 Jan-Dec;68(1):e70412. doi: 10.1111/ped.70412.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dengue remains a major public health burden in Malaysia, with vaccination offering a promising strategy for control. Following conditional approval of the TAK-003 vaccine for individuals aged 4 years and above, understanding acceptance among public and healthcare workers is essential.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2024 to April 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Parents/guardians of pediatric patients and healthcare workers completed a questionnaire on vaccine acceptance, decision-making factors, and perceived promoters and barriers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 386 participants (57% parents/guardians, 43% healthcare workers), 59.8% expressed willingness to receive the vaccine, while 53.7% of parents/guardians were willing to vaccinate their children. The most important decision-making factors were vaccine efficacy, advice from healthcare professionals, and long-term safety. Promoters included fears of severe dengue and belief in vaccine efficacy, while barriers included potential side effects, long-term safety, and doubts about vaccine efficacy. No sociodemographic factor was significantly associated with vaccine acceptance.

CONCLUSION: This study, conducted within the first year of the dengue vaccine’s approval in Malaysia, found a moderate level of acceptance. These early perceptions may evolve as awareness of the vaccine grows.

PMID:42109061 | DOI:10.1111/ped.70412

J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2026 May 11:19322968261446654. doi: 10.1177/19322968261446654. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Automated insulin delivery (AID) improves glycemia in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, concern remains about early worsening of diabetic retinopathy (EWDR) following rapid and large glycemic improvements. This study evaluated diabetic retinopathy (DR) outcomes in adolescents and young adults with T1D (aged 10-30 years) following AID initiation.

METHODS: This retrospective observational study included adolescents and young adults with T1D and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 8.5% (69 mmol/mol) prior to AID initiation. Clinical data, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, and retinopathy grading were collected from research and clinical databases before and after at least three months of AID initiation. Statistical analyses assessed outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 95 adolescents/young adults (mean age 17.8 years, diabetes duration 9.7 years, 54.7% female) with a baseline HbA1c of 10.3% (89.5 mmol/mol) were included. Mean HbA1c improved by 2.1 percentage points (22.6 mmol/mol) following AID initiation. Retinopathy remained stable or improved in 72/95 (75.8%), while 23/95 (24.2%) experienced EWDR inclusive of diabetic macular edema (DME). While no one required treatment for DME, proliferative DR requiring treatment developed in three participants (3.2%); all had preexisting retinopathy and ≥1 additional diabetes-related complication/risk factor. Logistic regression identified age >18 years and preexisting retinopathy at AID initiation as the only significant risk factors for EWDR.

CONCLUSIONS: Automated insulin delivery is associated with substantial glycemic improvement in adolescents and young adults with T1D. Despite these large glycemic improvements, diabetic retinal disease remains stable or improves in most cases. Risk factors for deterioration include age >18 years and preexisting DR.

PMID:42109056 | DOI:10.1177/19322968261446654

J Food Sci. 2026 May;91(5):e71088. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.71088.

ABSTRACT

Human consumption of food contaminated with oxytetracycline (OTC) residues can lead to its accumulation in the body and cause harm. In this study, due to the trace residues of OTC in food, surface imprinting technology was employed to prepare oxytetracycline magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (OTC-MMIPs). This was achieved using Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ as the core, modified with chitosan, and with OTC as the template molecule. OTC-MMIPs were used to adsorb OTC. After combining with AuNPs, the OTC-MMIPs@AuNPs composite was used to adsorb OTC, and then SERS was employed for detection. According to the kinetic adsorption experiment, the maximum adsorption capacity of OTC-MMIPs was 44.58 mg g^-1, with a 7% decrease in adsorption capacity observed after four cycles of reuse. Following the adsorption of OTC onto OTC-MMIPs@AuNPs, detection was performed using SERS. A linear relationship was established between the intensity of the characteristic peak at 1329 cm^{– 1} and the OTC concentration, achieving a detection limit of 6.67 × 10^-12 M. Furthermore, the method was validated in pure milk samples, the recovery rate ranges from 91.73% to 96.22%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for detecting OTC in pure milk.

PMID:42109021 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.71088

J Environ Qual. 2026 May-Jun;55(3):e70192. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.70192.

ABSTRACT

With the encouragement of international climate agreements, scientific and economic communities are increasingly seeking innovative strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine the net carbon balance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production systems, assess the technical efficiency of hemp farms, and examine the relationship between farm efficiency and carbon emissions. Primary data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 49 industrial hemp farms in Samsun province, the leading hemp-producing region of Turkey. Carbon equivalent emissions were calculated using crop-specific emission coefficients. Data envelopment analysis was employed to identify technically efficient and inefficient farms under industrial hemp seed and hemp fiber production systems. The results indicate that hemp absorbs approximately 16 times more carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere than it emits. One tonne of industrial hemp production was found to reduce 1.83 tonnes of CO₂, confirming hemp as a net carbon remover. The net carbon balance of technically efficient farms was 39% higher than that of inefficient farms. Efficient farms absorbed an average of 21.56 tCO₂, compared to 15.49 tCO₂ for inefficient farms. The simulation results show that if inefficient farms improve their efficiency through input control, the net carbon balance could increase by 5.61 tCO₂ per farm, corresponding to a total increase of 196 tCO₂. Overall, industrial hemp production systems provide significant climate-regulation ecosystem services, with higher efficiency levels substantially enhancing carbon sequestration performance.

PMID:42109017 | DOI:10.1002/jeq2.70192

Ann Med. 2026 Dec;58(1):2667620. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2667620. Epub 2026 May 11.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: No data exist on whether ischemic stroke admissions among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) vary by day of the week.

METHODS: The nationwide registry-linkage FinACAF study includes all patients with incident AF in Finland between 2007 and 2018. This analysis focused on patients who experienced their first-ever ischemic stroke. Hospital stroke admissions were categorized by day of the week, and a weekday-to-weekend ratio was calculated as the ratio of strokes on a weekday versus a weekend day.

RESULTS: We identified 13 781 patients (mean age 79.2 years; 57.1% women) with AF admitted for ischemic stroke. Stroke admissions varied significantly by day of the week (p < 0.001), with the highest number occurring on Mondays (16.1% of all strokes), followed by a progressive decline over the week. Admission rates were notably higher on Monday and Tuesday, remained relatively stable from Wednesday to Friday, and decreased on Saturday and Sunday (11-12% of all strokes per day). The overall weekday-to-weekend ratio was 1.31 (95% CI 1.26-1.37) and was more pronounced in men than in women, as well as during the first half of the study period (2007-2012) compared to the latter half (2013-2018).

CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide cohort study demonstrates a clear day-of-the-week variation in hospital admissions for ischemic stroke among patients with AF, with fewer admissions on weekends than on weekdays. Promoting awareness of stroke symptoms and the importance of seeking timely care regardless of the day may represent a modifiable target to improve outcomes in patients with AF who experience stroke.

PMID:42109013 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2026.2667620

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2026 May;20(5):e70199. doi: 10.1111/irv.70199.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Influenza sentinel surveillance has been ongoing in Tunisia since 1999. We describe the epidemiology of respiratory viruses during 2022-2023, the first season to include testing for other respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

METHODS: We analyzed weekly surveillance data from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) inpatients and influenza-like illness outpatients from 11 hospitals and 85 clinics in Tunisia. Nasopharyngeal specimens and demographic, clinical, and vaccination data were collected. Specimens were tested by rRT-PCR for influenza, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and 18 other respiratory viruses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize case characteristics; group differences were assessed using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests.

RESULTS: 2038 specimens were collected from unique patients; 1231 (60.4%) were positive for ≥ 1 respiratory virus and 200 (16.2%) were positive for ≥ 2 viruses. Influenza was the most detected (n = 445; 21.8%), followed by rhinovirus (n = 301, 14.8%), RSV (n = 255, 12.5%), and SARS-CoV-2 (n = 125, 6.1%). Among SARI cases, infections with influenza and SARS-CoV-2 were more common in adults ≥ 50 years (61.8% and 71.4%, respectively), while children < 2 years had higher RSV prevalence (83.0%, adjusted p-value = 0.004). 4.9% of patients received a recent influenza vaccine.

CONCLUSION: The burden of respiratory viruses varied by age, with RSV being more prevalent among younger children and SARS-CoV-2 and influenza being more prevalent among older adults. Ongoing sentinel surveillance is essential to monitor priority respiratory pathogens, particularly those with available public health interventions, such as vaccination, to enable timely action and reduce disease burden.

PMID:42109008 | DOI:10.1111/irv.70199

Ann Med. 2026 Dec;58(1):2664304. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2664304. Epub 2026 May 11.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pressure pain threshold (PPT) is a reliable objective measure of pain sensitization; however, standardized region-specific reference data for Chinese patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remain scarce. This study aimed to establish preliminary PPT reference ranges for end-stage KOA patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls in Xi’an, Northwest China, and to identify factors influencing PPT.

METHODS: A total of 165 patients with end-stage KOA scheduled for total knee arthroplasty and 146 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. PPT at the medial knee and dorsal forearm was assessed using standardized PPT assessment. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), sociological factors and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) scores were collected. Nonparametric analyses, Spearman correlation and hierarchical regression were performed.

RESULTS: KOA patients exhibited significantly lower median PPTs (forearm: 3.79; knee: 4.21 kg·cm^-2) compared with controls (forearm: 5.53; knee: 6.57 kg·cm^-2; all p < 0.001), with left-shifted and broader 95% reference ranges (KOA: forearm 2.16-6.09; knee 2.07-6.78 kg·cm^-2). CSI scores were moderately negatively correlated with forearm PPT (r = -0.567) and weakly correlated with knee PPT (r = -0.389; all p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, CSI remained the strongest independent predictor of PPT (forearm: β = -0.403; knee: β = -0.301; all p < 0.001), explaining greater incremental variance (ΔR² = 0.144 for forearm; ΔR² = 0.080 for knee) than other factors. In healthy controls, PPT was influenced only by sex, age and BMI (all p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to establish preliminary PPT reference ranges for end-stage KOA patients in Xi’an, Northwest China, suggesting generalized pain hypersensitivity as a predominant phenotype in this cohort. The strong correlation between CSI (subjective) and forearm PPT (objective) provides a preliminary basis for future preoperative stratification and potential perioperative analgesic strategies, with potential clinical translational value.

PMID:42108990 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2026.2664304

J Biopharm Stat. 2026 May 11:1-6. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2026.2670514. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Normally, the safety evaluation starts at a phase 1 study using healthy subjects, since the main purpose of phase 1 studies is to find out maximum tolerated doses and side effects. Sometimes, a multiple-dose study may be necessary to further understand the side effects of a treatment, since a specific side effect has been identified during the post-market safety evaluation after drugs are repeatedly administered to patients for treating a disease for a long time. Particularly, Phase 1 trial of interest here evaluates the effect of multiple doses of a drug on a renal function via measurement of a metabolite clearance in healthy subjects. In general, we know that the renal function will be adversely impaired by the drug intake. We propose a non-inferiority analysis allowing a small decrease in the renal function after the drug is taken. In this study, we discuss the design, power and sample size, and statistical data analysis.

PMID:42108982 | DOI:10.1080/10543406.2026.2670514