Tag: pubmed

Acta Orthop Belg. 2026 Apr 20;92(1). doi: 10.52628/92.1.15100.

ABSTRACT

While the relationship between radial head fractures (RHF) and coronoid process fractures (CPF) is biomechanically established, the exact frequency of CPF in RHF patients without focus on elbow dislocations is underexplored. To better estimate the likelihood of CPF, the analysis of typical fracture constellations is useful. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the correlation between RHF severity and the presence and type of CPF. This retrospective study analyzed 356 RHF patients, evaluating the prevalence and correlation of CPF using CT and intraoperative data. Only cases with confirmed presence or absence of CPF based on CT imaging or surgical reports were included. CPF were classified according to O’Driscoll (OD) and correlated with the severity of the RHF according to Mason (MA). Descriptive statistics and correlation using Spearman correlation were performed. CPF was observed in 42.1 % of RHF patients. 51.3 % of CPF were OD Type 1, 26% Type 2 and 10.7% Type 3. The correlation between RHF severity and CPF presence was statistically significant but weak (Spearman r = 0.19). In this study cohort, a high proportion of additional CPF were found in the presence of RHF. Although the correlation was weak, increasing RHF severity was associated with a higher likelihood of CPF. These findings emphasize that in cases of RHF, the CP should be critically examined and CT imaging should be considered in unclear cases.

PMID:42012035 | DOI:10.52628/92.1.15100

Acta Orthop Belg. 2026 Apr 20;92(1). doi: 10.52628/92.1.15335.

ABSTRACT

We have not identified any research in the literature that explores the severity of knee osteoarthritis in relation to the type of hip fracture. In our study, we examined the severity of knee osteoarthritis in patients with hip fractures affecting the intertrochanteric (Group 1) and femoral neck region (Group 2). In our study, patients over 50 years of age were analyzed and Kellgren-Lawrence classification was applied to bilateral knee radiographs. The correlation between the severity of knee osteoarthritis and the classification of hip fractures was analyzed, and subgroups were compared. The stages of knee osteoarthritis in Group 1 and Group 2; the stage of knee osteoarthritis on the hip fracture side and the healthy side were compared both between groups and within groups. 109 patients were evaluated in Group 1 and 74 patients in Group 2. The knee osteoarthritis grade of Group 1 patients was significantly more severe on both the fractured side (3.44 ± 0.81) and the healthy side (3.17 ± 0.91) in comparison to the fractured side (2.89 ± 1.00) (p<0.01) and the healthy side (2.88 ± 0.82) (p=0.032) of Group 2 patients. In Group 1, the severity of knee osteoarthritis on the fractured side was statistically substantially greater than on the healthy side (p<0.01). In Group 2, the comparison of knee osteoarthritis severity between the fractured and healthy sides revealed no statistically significant difference (p=0.849). Severe knee osteoarthritis was associated with a higher proportion of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Also, the hip on the same side as the knee with more advanced osteoarthritis is more likely to fracture.

PMID:42012032 | DOI:10.52628/92.1.15335

Acta Orthop Belg. 2026 Apr 9;92(1). doi: 10.52628/92.1.12938.

ABSTRACT

Although there have been improvements in surgical fixation techniques, the process of fracture healing continues to pose challenges, especially for patients with additional health issues. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proposed as a non-invasive method to facilitate faster bone recovery; however, its effectiveness in clinical settings remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of LIPUS on the healing of lower limb fractures. A double-blinded, prospective, randomised controlled trial was conducted in two hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa. The study was approved by the University of the Witwatersrand (M150236). Ninety-four individuals aged 18 years and older with lower limb fractures were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to either the LIPUS or control group. The intervention group underwent 20-minute LIPUS sessions every alternate day for a duration of 20 days during their hospitalisation, followed by follow-up after discharge. Callus formation, cortical bridging, fracture gap, and overall radiographic healing were evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 weeks. An intention-to- treat analysis was performed to accommodate missing radiographs and loss to follow-up. No statistically significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups concerning callus formation, cortical bridging, fracture gap, or overall healing at any assessment time. A high rate of loss to follow-up and unavailability of radiographs diminished the analysis’s power. LIPUS did not show a notable improvement in fracture healing when compared to standard care. Its clinical use may need to be reevaluated, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where cost-effectiveness is a crucial factor.

PMID:42012031 | DOI:10.52628/92.1.12938

Chem Biodivers. 2026 Apr;23(4):e03832. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202503832.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from leaves and cones of Cupressus sempervirens L., collected from six different geographic zones in Algeria. Antioxidant potential was assessed via DPPH and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assays, while antifungal activity was tested against Fusarium culmorum (BTCR) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). Steppe-derived EOs showed superior bioactivity than Saharan derived EOs. The leaves EOs from Ain Maabed (Djelfa) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (2.322 ± 0.21 mg VE/g EO), and the leaves EOs from Gtaya demonstrated the strongest antifungal effect (1.274 ± 0.03 g H/mL EO). Statistical analysis identified limonene and umbellulone as key contributors to these effects. Findings highlight the potent antifungal properties of C. sempervirens leaf EOs, supporting their potential as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides in plant disease management.

PMID:42012026 | DOI:10.1002/cbdv.202503832

Diagn Progn Res. 2026 Apr 20;10(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s41512-026-00229-8.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42010734 | DOI:10.1186/s41512-026-00229-8

Trials. 2026 Apr 20;27(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s13063-026-09713-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The estimand framework was introduced into guidance on good clinical practice to address a variety of shortcomings and ambiguities in the reporting of trials, including the use of terms such as “intention to treat” and the handling of non-adherence to treatment. The framework was primarily grounded in individually randomised trials, and some thorny issues still cloud understanding of its application to cluster randomised trials.

ESTIMANDS IN CLUSTER RANDOMISED TRIALS: This commentary addresses some of the challenges in thinking about the estimands behind cluster randomised trials. These challenges include informative cluster size-the possibility that a treatment effect may be modified by the size of the cluster. In particular, we consider the perspectives of different actors-a population-level decision maker or politician, a cluster manager, and a patient-and examine possible estimands for each, and how they differ.

CONCLUSIONS: In the cluster randomised trial context, the estimand framework can be complex to navigate. Different perspectives lead to different estimands. We caution against abandoning careful statistical modelling. This is particularly true in the presence of informative cluster size, where modelling any interaction between cluster size and treatment effect could be useful from a number of perspectives.

PMID:42010658 | DOI:10.1186/s13063-026-09713-4

BMC Anesthesiol. 2026 Apr 20;26(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s12871-026-03827-7.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42010465 | DOI:10.1186/s12871-026-03827-7

Eur J Hum Genet. 2026 Apr 20. doi: 10.1038/s41431-026-02110-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This paper continues our development of methods for discovery of genetic modifiers of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) phenotype. DMD is an X-linked recessive disorder involving progressive muscle tissue loss with replacement by fat and fibrotic tissue, leading in most cases to loss of ambulation (LOA) by early to mid-adolescence. The standard pharmacologic treatment is corticosteroid administration, which increases average LOA by 2-3 years. There is variation in LOA due to specific DMD mutations, some of which permit the production of residual or partial dystrophin protein and lead to milder phenotypes. But there is also believed to be variation due to genetic modifiers acting even in patients whose DMD mutations preclude dystrophin production altogether, based in part on animal models, and several genes have been implicated as potential modifiers of LOA in DMD patients. Here we consider whether the mechanism of action of any of these genes might be to influence LOA by modifying the effects of corticosteroid exposure. We develop and evaluate a novel statistic, the PPI_GxE; we consider the issue of potential “phenocopies,” or individuals whose late LOA might be due to residual dystrophin production; and we apply our approach to 12 candidate SNPs using our DMD dataset. We find evidence of genotype x steroid interaction effects for 4 out of the 12 SNPs we tested, which can be linked to the TGF-β pathway. These results corroborate the hypothesis that modifiers in the TGF-β pathway affect LOA by modulating the efficacy of corticosteroid administration.

PMID:42010352 | DOI:10.1038/s41431-026-02110-0

Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 20;16(1):12875. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-49144-4.

ABSTRACT

Two simple and selective spectrophotometric methods, ratio difference and derivative ratio, were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of etoricoxib and tramadol in binary mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations. The methods effectively resolved the sever spectral overlap of both drugs without prior separation. In the ratio difference method, amplitude differences between 294 and 239 nm for etoricoxib and 218 and 272 nm for tramadol showed excellent linearity. In the derivative ratio method, derivative amplitudes measured at 287 nm etoricoxib, and 229 nm tramadol provided high selectivity and sensitivity. The linear ranges were 2-23 µg/mL for etoricoxib and 3-40 µg/mL for tramadol, with correlation coefficients above 0.999. Both methods achieved recoveries between 98.78 and 101.09% and precision values (%RSD) below 2%. Statistical comparison with a reported HPLC method showed no significant difference. The proposed methods are accurate, cost-effective, and supported by AGREE-based greenness assessment, making them suitable for routine quality control of etoricoxib and tramadol formulations.

PMID:42010288 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-49144-4

Mol Imaging Biol. 2026 Apr 20. doi: 10.1007/s11307-026-02102-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Quantification of the dopamine D_2/3 receptors tracer [¹⁸F]fallypride is usually performed by defining the cerebellum (CB) as the reference region for its use in kinetic modeling. In mouse studies, [¹⁸F]fallypride is defluorinated causing gradual uptake in the skull which, in addition to extra-striatal binding, can contaminate the CB activity, therefore introducing errors in reference region kinetic modeling. Here we propose a method using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to accurately extract the reference region time activity curve (TAC) unaffected by spill-over from surrounding regions. We compared the NMF method with template-based CB reference region (erodedCB), where the region was eroded to avoid spill-over. The different methods were applied in a drug challenge study using RX821002, and compared with results obtained using [¹¹C]raclopride. Striatal and brain parametric maps of nondisplaceable binding potential (BP_ND) were calculated with the different methods, and differences between baseline and challenge were investigated. The NMF reference region TACs showed higher peak and lower tail activity compared with erodedCB. Striatal BP_ND values calculated with NMF were about 20% higher compared to those calculated with erodedCB, and difference between baseline and challenge increased using NMF (NMF: 11.5%, erodedCB: 7.0%). Parametric t-statistic maps show clusters with significant differences using NMF but not with erodedCB. [¹¹C]raclopride BP_ND differences between baseline and challenge were lower (6.1%) than with [¹⁸F]fallypride, but BP_ND variability was lower. In summary, NMF allowed us to extract reference region TACs without contamination from skull or extra-striatal uptake, which improved voxel-wise detection of differences in a drug challenge study.

PMID:42010231 | DOI:10.1007/s11307-026-02102-y