Tag: pubmed

J Nurs Manag. 2026;2026(1):e6160239. doi: 10.1155/jonm/6160239.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) nurses face elevated risks of infection during emerging infectious disease (EID) outbreaks. A multilevel understanding of factors influencing infection control performance is essential for improving safety in these settings.

AIM(S): To examine associations among safety control, communication, perceived patient safety culture, and infection control performance among ED nurses and identify key influencing factors based on ecological systems theory.

METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected in October 2023 from 227 ED nurses at tertiary hospitals in South Korea who had experience caring for patients with confirmed or suspected EIDs. Structured, self-administered online questionnaires were used, and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression (SPSS Version 28).

RESULTS: Communication exhibited the strongest association with infection control performance (β = 0.53, p < 0.001), followed by safety control (β = 0.27, p < 0.001) and the availability of negative-pressure isolation rooms with anterooms (3-4) (β = 0.13, p = 0.016). These factors explained 74.0% of the variance in infection control performance (F = 46.83, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Infection control performance among ED nurses was associated with individual, organizational, and environmental factors. Ecological systems theory provided an effective framework for identifying these multilevel influences.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should implement comprehensive multilevel strategies addressing safety control at the microsystem, communication at the mesosystem, and infrastructure at the macrosystem to improve infection control performance. This study provides evidence to support targeted interventions in emergency settings.

PMID:42522542 | DOI:10.1155/jonm/6160239

APMIS. 2026 Aug;134(8):e70242. doi: 10.1111/apm.70242.

ABSTRACT

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9) expression has been implicated in a variety of malignancies, its precise role in CRC remains poorly understood. Also Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is known to enhance cellular proliferation in various cancers. This study aims to investigate the expression of UBC9 and PI3K in CRC, prognostic and predictive significance, and association with patients’ survival. A total of 140 archival samples of CRC, 70 normal colonic tissue, and 40 metastatic lymph nodes were included. Immunohistochemistry was done for UBC9 and PI3K antibodies, and appropriate statistical analysis of results was performed. UBC9 and PI3K are highly expressed in tumor cells, where co-high expression is significantly associated with high grade, advanced stage, high lymph node ratio (LNR), lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), low tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TILs), chemo-resistance, and positive KRAS mutation, with the poorest median survival (17 months) in patients. Significant positive association was revealed between both molecules in metastatic lymph nodes. UBC9 and PI3K are related to CRC poor survival and resistance to treatment. A potential combined role of both molecules in colorectal carcinogenesis could be found.

PMID:42522541 | DOI:10.1111/apm.70242

Dermatol Online J. 2026 Jun 30;32(3). doi: 10.25251/10.25251/t1jlta74.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Café-au-lait macules (CALMs) are often the earliest visible sign of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder with marked clinical variability. Early characterization of CALM patterns may aid in anticipating systemic disease burden.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the early appearance, anatomical distribution, and number of CALMs in children with genetically confirmed NF1 and explore associations with central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal manifestations.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed children with genetically confirmed NF1 at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Athens, Greece (2018-2023). Demographic data, CALM count and distribution, mutation type, and systemic involvement were recorded. CALMs were documented through standardized dermatologic assessment and clinical photography. Statistical correlations were evaluated using nonparametric tests.

RESULTS: Sixty-three children (33 males, 30 females; mean age 7.5 ± 4.6 years) were included. All had more than 6 CALMs (mean 18.1 per child), most frequently on the thoracic region (53.6%). In 38.1% of patients, more than 6 CALMs were present by 6 months; among those with 6 or fewer at 6 months, 94.9% exceeded this threshold by 24 months. Children with 7-12 CALMs at 12 months had significantly higher frequencies of CNS and skeletal manifestations (P < .05).

CONCLUSION: CALMs were predominantly thoracic and showed the steepest increase between 6 and 12 months. Children with 7-12 CALMs at 12 months had greater systemic involvement, supporting early, risk-adapted surveillance strategies in pediatric NF1.

PMID:42522512 | DOI:10.25251/10.25251/t1jlta74

Eval Rev. 2026 Jul 29:193841X261472564. doi: 10.1177/0193841X261472564. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Academic probation is a common institutional response to poor academic performance, yet limited experimental evidence exists on whether the content and framing of probation notifications influence student outcomes. This study examined the impact of an embellished academic probation email on reenrollment and academic performance among community college students placed on academic probation. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a large, multi-campus community college. Students placed on academic probation at the end of the Fall term (n = 3,109) were randomly assigned to receive either the standard probation notification or an embellished version designed to increase salience and clarity through enhanced formatting, a graphic of sanctions progression, and encouragement to use support resources. Primary intent-to-treat outcomes were reenrollment in the subsequent Winter term and academic recovery, defined as reenrollment with a Winter GPA of at least 2.0. A secondary outcome, Winter GPA, was analyzed among students who reenrolled. Impacts were estimated using covariate-adjusted linear regression models, with logistic regression models estimated as robustness checks. The embellished email produced modest positive estimated effects. Reenrollment and academic recovery increased by approximately 2 to 3 percentage points, although estimates were accompanied by statistical uncertainty. Among returning students, Winter GPA was approximately 0.10 points higher in the treatment group, although these estimates were conditional on reenrollment and should be interpreted cautiously. Enhanced probation communications delivered through institutional email may modestly improve short-term academic outcomes for students placed on academic probation. More broadly, such low-cost communication interventions may complement broader student support strategies.

PMID:42522508 | DOI:10.1177/0193841X261472564

Am J Health Promot. 2026 Jul 29:8901171261472636. doi: 10.1177/08901171261472636. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundText messaging can improve attendance and retention in community health programs; however, message development can be resource intensive.PurposeTo compare human and large language model (LLM)-generated retention messages in terms of creation time, clarity, appropriateness, and alignment with behavior change principles.DesignMixed methods using expert message ratings and qualitative feedback from message developers.SettingBuilding Healthy Families, a family healthy weight program.SampleExperts in behavioral science or related fields (n = 21) and message developers (n = 3).MeasuresMatched message pairs were rated on a 5-point Likert scale for clarity, appropriateness, and alignment with Social Cognitive Theory principles.AnalysisWilcoxon signed-rank tests compared message ratings. Equivalence testing using a ±10% equivalence interval and 90% confidence intervals assessed similarity between message types.ResultsLLM-generated messages yielded significantly higher ratings than human-generated messages for 4 of 5 message pairs on clarity and 3 of 5 rated on appropriateness (all P‘s < 0.05). Messages were statistically equivalent for 3 of 5 message pairs rated for behavior change theory alignment (all P‘s < 0.05). Time to develop the human- and LLM-generated messages was approximately the same with similar averaged Flesch-Kincaid grade level scores. However, the LLM-generated messages were shorter and more concise.ConclusionThis study suggests the potential for LLMs to create messages more efficiently and reduce, but not eliminate, workload for health promotion professionals.

PMID:42522506 | DOI:10.1177/08901171261472636

Dermatol Online J. 2026 May 8;32(2). doi: 10.25251/fgc2ph98.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42522503 | DOI:10.25251/fgc2ph98

Dermatol Online J. 2026 May 8;32(2). doi: 10.25251/bpchfy12.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dermaroller-mediated microneedling is a minimally invasive modality used to induce controlled cutaneous injury and promote hair follicle regeneration. Unlike automated microneedling devices, dermarollers are manually operated, introducing variability in technique and treatment parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and procedural variability of dermarolling as a monotherapy for hair loss.

METHODS: A literature search of PubMed through September 2025 was performed using terms related to dermarolling and hair loss. Studies were included if they specifically evaluated dermaroller devices. Data regarding study design, patient population, treatment parameters, and outcomes were extracted.

RESULTS: Three studies met inclusion criteria, including two human clinical studies and one animal model. One clinical study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in hair count and thickness, whereas another reported no significant improvement in hair density or scalp coverage. The animal study showed enhanced hair regeneration, with optimal effects observed at needle lengths of 0.25-0.5 mm. Considerable variability existed across studies in needle length, treatment frequency, duration, and procedural endpoints. Reported adverse effects were generally mild and transient, though improper technique may increase the risk of epidermal injury and scarring.

CONCLUSION: Evidence supporting dermaroller monotherapy for hair loss remains limited and inconsistent. Lack of standardized protocols likely contributes to variable outcomes. Further large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to define optimal treatment parameters and establish the safety and efficacy of dermarollling in clinical practice.

PMID:42522488 | DOI:10.25251/bpchfy12

Dermatol Online J. 2026 May 8;32(2). doi: 10.25251/4dmwat50.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Apalutamide is an androgen receptor antagonist used to treat patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) or metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). One of the most frequent adverse events associated with apalutamide is skin rash, particularly in Japanese patients. However, preventive skin care may reduce the frequency of apalutamide-induced skin rashes.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the cumulative incidence of skin rashes in patients on apalutamide therapy with and without preventive skin care.

METHODS: This retrospective, real-world study included 27 patients in the control group (those who were not administered skin care) and 38 patients in the skin care group (those who were administered preventative skin care).

RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 7 months, grade 3 apalutamide-induced skin rashes occurred in 8.1% (3/37) of patients in the skin care group and 53.6% (15/28) of patients in the control group. Based on Gray’s test, the difference in incidence between groups was statistically significant (P = .002).

CONCLUSION: Preventive skin moisturization may reduce apalutamide-induced adverse skin events in patients with mCSPC or nmCRPC. Incorporating routine skin care may help patients experience the full efficacy of apalutamide while maintaining a good quality of life.

PMID:42522476 | DOI:10.25251/4dmwat50

J Nurs Manag. 2026;2026(1):e4905589. doi: 10.1155/jonm/4905589.

ABSTRACT

AIM(S): This study examined the association of moral injury and burnout with professional communication among operating room (OR) nurses in Southern Iran.

BACKGROUND: Effective professional communication is essential for surgical teamwork and patient safety. However, limited context-specific evidence is available on how moral injury and burnout are jointly associated with the quality of professional communication among OR nurses. Addressing this gap may help inform strategies to improve staff well-being, team functioning, and patient safety in high-stakes perioperative settings.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between March and May 2025. A total of 307 OR nurses were recruited from six tertiary referral hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Healthcare Professionals (MISS-HP), the Operating Room Nurses’ Burnout Questionnaire, and the Professional Communication Questionnaire for Operating Room Personnel. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: Moral injury was significantly and positively correlated with burnout. In the multivariate regression model, moral injury was positively associated with professional communication, whereas burnout showed a negative association.

CONCLUSION: Moral injury and burnout were associated with professional communication among OR nurses. While burnout was negatively associated with communication, the unexpected positive adjusted association between moral injury and professional communication should be interpreted cautiously and may reflect ethically motivated communication, moral sensitivity, or professional advocacy rather than a beneficial effect of moral injury itself.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers should consider integrated strategies to reduce burnout, support nurses facing morally challenging situations, and strengthen professional communication within surgical teams. Practical approaches may include workload monitoring, fair shift allocation, moral resilience training, ethics debriefing, supportive supervision, and team-based communication training. Such interventions may help promote nurses’ psychological well-being while supporting safer and more effective communication in OR settings.

PMID:42522470 | DOI:10.1155/jonm/4905589

Andrology. 2026 Jul 29. doi: 10.1111/andr.70336. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a growing concern, which has led to an increase in the use of assisted reproductive techniques, involving in vitro sperm capacitation. Nonetheless, the optimal capacitation time remains a matter of debate, and it is unknown whether it has an impact on the localization of key membrane proteins.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and dynamics of membrane protein domains zonadhesin (ZAN), izumo sperm-egg fusion 1 (IZUMO1), and transmembrane protein 95 (TMEM95) in sperm following 1 and 4 h of in vitro capacitation and subsequent induction of the acrosome reaction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sperm from 16 humans under five physiological conditions were used: noncapacitation, 1- and 4 h in vitro capacitation, and acrosome reaction induction. Immunolocalization of ZAN, IZUMO1, and TMEM95 was assessed using confocal microscopy.

RESULTS: The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis revealed a clear relationship between physiological conditions and protein dynamics. In particular, noncapacitated spermatozoa were characterized by an absence of ZAN and TMEM95. Whereas, regardless of the capacitation time (1 h vs. 4 h), there was an increase in the key protein presence with ZAN and IZUMO1 in the acrosomal region and TMEM95 in the equatorial region. After induction of acrosome reaction, IZUMO1 was relocated to the equatorial region.

CONCLUSION: Here we illustrate the potential to quantify physiological differences among human spermatozoa by a multibiomarker approach. However, no evidence supports that capacitation time influences ZAN, IZUMO1, and TMEM95 distribution.

PMID:42522465 | DOI:10.1111/andr.70336