Tag: pubmed

Int J Psychophysiol. 2026 Aug 23:113458. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113458. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the fine-grained interplay of episodic and associative-semantic long-term knowledge in a sentence-embedded paired-associate paradigm and to probe separable contributions to encoding-related event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes. Participants were instructed to learn sentences of the structure: article, subject-prime, auxiliary verb, closed-class word, and target-object (e.g., “the car has an engine”). Later, they had to recall the target-object, given the preceding sentence context. Words were displayed using rapid serial visual presentation. Corpus-based co-occurrence statistics were used to orthogonally manipulate direct association (strong vs. none) and semantic feature overlap (high vs. low) between the prime and the target word (cf. Hofmann et al., 2018). Strong direct associations led to more correct responses, whereas semantic feature overlap showed no reliable main effect and no interaction was observed. However, descriptive trends suggested a potential supportive contribution in the presence of direct associations. This aligns with the largely additive pattern of associative and semantic influences reported for lexical processing (Rölke et al., 2018). Response times were faster for strong direct associations, with no effect for semantic feature overlap. ERPs were recorded during target-object encoding, with condition-related analyses restricted to correctly recalled trials. Further, ERPs were contrasted between subsequently correct vs. incorrect recall to quantify subsequent memory effects. Strong direct associations elicited a greater Late Positive Component (LPC; 460-800 ms) with an occipito-parietal scalp distribution, whereas semantic feature overlap showed no LPC modulation. Correctly recalled targets showed more positive-going ERP amplitudes, reflected in an attenuated N400 (250-500 ms) and an enhanced P600 (500-800 ms), both with a centro-parietal scalp distribution and regardless of associative-semantic priming manipulations. This study demonstrates that classic priming patterns from lexical processing (Rölke et al., 2018) can extend to paired-associate learning outcomes and further identifies dissociable ERP signatures during encoding that track associative priming effects (LPC).

PMID:42633871 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113458

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2026 Aug 23:102962. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102962. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various sizes of regions of interest (ROIs) on fractal dimension (FD) in the evaluation of trabecular bone structure in dental radiographic images.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 12 sheep hemimandibles. One set of digital images was obtained from each hemimandible using either periapical radiography, panoramic radiography, or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Fractal analysis (FA) was conducted using ImageJ 1.3 software with the box-counting method on small, medium, and large ROIs obtained from each image, using a novel ROI selection method. Comparisons of FD values obtained from the three different ROI sizes were conducted within each radiographic image using repeated-measures ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed with Bonferroni correction. Data were analyzed using Jamovi 1.6.23. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05.

RESULTS: In periapical radiography, the FD values ​​obtained in small, medium, and large ROI sizes were 1.60 ± 0.02, 1.60 ± 0.01, and 1.65 ± 0.01, respectively (p < 0.001). In panoramic radiography, they were 1.45 ± 0.04, 1.71 ± 0.02, and 1.59 ± 0.01, respectively (p < 0.001), and in CBCT, they were 0.76 ± 0.07, 1.21 ± 0.04, and 1.48 ± 0.04, respectively (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that FD is affected by the ROI size.

PMID:42633839 | DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102962

J Pain. 2026 Aug 23:106423. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106423. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Chronic pain is both prevalent and debilitating. It is often treated with interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs). While research has largely focused on the effectiveness of IPRPs in improving patient outcomes, negative treatment effects remain under-explored. This study aims to investigate both the prevalence and types of negative outcomes following IPRPs for chronic pain. Data for the current study were obtained from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain, with 22771 patients undergoing IPRPs between 2016 and 2023. We calculated the Reliable Change Index to find reliable deterioration across 18 patient-reported outcome measures, including pain intensity, physical function, psychological well-being, and vitality. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine the prevalence of deterioration, the prevalence of less severe deterioration, and the frequency of multiple deteriorations per patient. Results showed that while most participants did not report any areas of deterioration, about 23% of patients did experience reliable deterioration on at least one measure at the end of rehabilitation. Deterioration was most frequent in measures assessing physical status and pain, while psychological measures showed less deterioration. Mild deterioration on at least one measure was observed in 44.5% of patients. This study shows that a substantial proportion of patients experience at least some negative short-term outcomes following IPRPs, primarily in physical and pain-related outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of acknowledging and further investigating negative outcomes in chronic pain rehabilitation, and to take measures to address this issue. PERSPECTIVE: This large registry study reveals that almost one in four patients experiences a statistically reliable short-term worsening in at least one outcome, primarily physical and pain-related, after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation. Thus, there is a need to identify these patients and the mechanisms behind deteriorations.

PMID:42633810 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106423

Biosystems. 2026 Aug 23:105932. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105932. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Unifying physical and biological systems under a common information-theoretic framework requires reconciling two long-standing positions: that information is a universal structural feature of the environment and that it becomes meaningful only when a system registers a difference that alters its state. We propose a substrate-process-agency synthesis in which N-Space denotes a relational substrate of latent distinctions, while Order-Disorder-Reflexive Control (ODC) describes a phase-structured grammar through which bounded systems with memory render such distinctions operational. In this formulation, information becomes causally effective only through partition-mediated interaction that reduces uncertainty. Across domains, this framework predicts a set of falsifiable statistical signatures, including transient coordination during state alignment, non-memoryless persistence, boundary-dependent settling dynamics, and phase-dependent responses to perturbation. We argue, however, that these signatures need not appear identically in every system: some regimes are pulse-driven rather than sustained oscillators, and some support timing-sensitive responses more strongly than residence-time inference. To illustrate this point, we combine a minimal synthetic model, a nonlinear physical example, and an illustrative biological reanalysis of NF-κB signaling dynamics. Together, these analyses support the view that ODC is best interpreted as a phase-structured transition framework rather than a strictly periodic cycle model. The contribution of this work is not to introduce a new physical entity, but to provide a unified, empirically testable grammar for how relational structure, boundary conditions, memory, and timing jointly shape information flow across scales.

PMID:42633804 | DOI:10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105932

Med Educ. 2026 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/medu.70290. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Errors are an inevitable part of clinical learning, yet procedural training commonly emphasises error avoidance. This study examined the effect of deliberate replication of predefined procedural errors (Error Replication; ER), compared with error avoidance training (EAT), on post-test performance, retention and transfer in surgical simulation.

METHODS: In this randomised controlled trial, 70 medical students with no prior simulation-based osteosynthesis experience completed a pre-test of simulated dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation before 60 min of ER or EAT training. ER participants deliberately reproduced predefined, clinically relevant errors, whereas EAT participants used simulator feedback to improve performance and minimise errors across successive iterations. Participants then completed an immediate DHS post-test, a DHS retention test after 6-10 days and a transfer test involving antegrade femoral nailing. Transfer-test performance was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included performance trajectories across pre-test, post-test and retention test; completed DHS iterations; self-perceived dexterity and spatial awareness; and perceived training efficacy.

RESULTS: Complete data were available for 68 participants. Performance improved substantially over time in both groups (p < 0.001, η² _p = 0.606), with no significant group-by-time interaction (p = 0.44). Transfer scores were 52.6 (SD 24.7) for EAT and 51.0 (SD 33.9) for ER (p = 0.82; d = 0.06, 95% CI – 0.42 to 0.53). No statistically significant differences were detected in the remaining secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Participants improved following both instructional approaches, although those in the ER group spent most of the training period deliberately reproducing predefined errors. No statistically significant differences between ER and EAT were detected in post-test performance, retention or transfer. These findings suggest that structured exposure to clinically relevant procedural errors warrants further study as a distinct instructional modality.

PMID:42633790 | DOI:10.1111/medu.70290

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2026 Aug 21:1-7. doi: 10.2460/javma.26.05.0429. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance human and veterinary providers and nonproviders place on One Health interprofessional collaboration and identify factors associated with provider comfort in making cross-species referrals.

METHODS: An online, cross-sectional survey was given to human and veterinary providers via professional associations and snowball sampling (January to February 2025) and to nonproviders via a nationally representative panel. Analyses included frequencies, ordinal logistic regression, and χ2 tests.

RESULTS: A total of 1,660 respondents were enrolled (144 human providers, 50 veterinary providers, 1,466 nonproviders). Among human providers, pet ownership was associated with higher importance for pet-ownership inquiry (OR, 3.44; range, 1.53 to 7.70), cross-species care inquiry (OR, 2.29; range, 1.09 to 4.78), and greater comfort making cross-species referrals (OR, 2.18; range, 1.04 to 4.57). Specialty human providers assigned lower importance to both inquiries versus primary human providers, with ORs of 0.46 (range, 0.21 to 1.00) and 0.45 (range, 0.21 to 0.98), respectively. Among veterinary providers, viewing client health as a proxy for patient health was statistically significantly associated with greater referral comfort (OR, 4.39; range, 1.11 to 17.36).

CONCLUSIONS: Pet ownership among human providers is the strongest predictor of engagement with One Health inquiry and referral. Specialty human providers are a key gap One Health training opportunity. Veterinary providers who frame client wellness as relevant to patient health show markedly higher comfort with client referral to a human provider.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Questions about pet ownership and cross-species health may yield relevant insights for providers. Incorporating One Health inquiries into standard intakes could improve patient/client outcomes and advance interprofessional collaboration.

PMID:42633779 | DOI:10.2460/javma.26.05.0429

Disabil Rehabil. 2026 Aug 23:1-17. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2026.2720757. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To support early detection of cerebral palsy, capacity for General Movements Assessment (GMA) needs to be built in Denmark. This study aimed to evaluate the training and implementation of GMA across Danish hospitals. Objectives [1]: to develop a GMA training intervention [2]; to evaluate implementation [3]; to identify key factors for successful implementation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter mixed-methods study, physiotherapists participated in GMA courses, in-person workshops, dialogue meetings, and online workshops from May 2023 to November 2024. Data was collected through surveys, field notes, and focus group interviews. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used within the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance). (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05835674).

RESULTS: Reach was high across training components. Effectiveness showed high post-training competencies, with median group scores of 70-80 on a 0-100 scale. Adoption was strong, driven by clinical relevance and interdisciplinary recognition. After 18 months, all participants working with infants aged 3-4 months used GMA in clinical practice. Maintenance was supported by a national GMA network. Key factors for sustainable use included video storage, peer-based training, and expert feedback.

CONCLUSION: GMA capacity was successfully built and implemented in clinical practice. Structural support and collaboration were essential for maintenance.

PMID:42633768 | DOI:10.1080/09638288.2026.2720757

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2026 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/jgh.70677. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Minocycline-containing bismuth quadruple therapy may provide a practical option for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) rescue treatment when tetracycline is unavailable, yet the optimal dosing remains unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different doses of minocycline-containing regimens with classical tetracycline-based bismuth quadruple therapy.

METHODS: Refractory H. pylori-infected participants with multiple treatment-failure were randomly (1:1:1:1) allocated to receive 14-day therapy with vonoprazan 20 mg b.i.d, bismuth 220 mg b.i.d, plus tetracycline 400 mg q.i.d and metronidazole 500 mg q.i.d (BQT), or minocycline 50 mg t.i.d and metronidazole 400 mg t.i.d (VBMn₃M₃), or minocycline 50 mg b.i.d and metronidazole 400 mg q.i.d (VBMn₂M₄), or minocycline 50 mg b.i.d and metronidazole 400 mg t.i.d (VBMn₂M₃). Primary outcome was H. pylori eradication rate evaluated by ¹³C-urea breath test at least 6 weeks after the end of treatment.

RESULTS: Totally, 480 participants were randomized. Eradication rates of BQT, VBMn₃M₃, VBMn₂M₄, and VBMn₂M₃ were 90.0%, 92.5%, 90.8%, and 91.7% by intention-to-treat analysis; 97.3%, 97.4%, 97.3%, and 96.5% by modified intention-to-treat analysis; 98.2%, 97.4%, 97.2%, and 96.4% by per-protocol analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in eradication rates among the regimens, and noninferiority of minocycline-based regimens was confirmed (p < 0.025). Metronidazole resistance did not affect the efficacy. VBMn₂M₃ group achieved the lowest overall incidence of adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose minocycline-containing quadruple therapy provided similar eradication rates, adherence, and lower adverse event rates compared with classical bismuth quadruple therapy, and may serve as a practical substitute strategy for H. pylori rescue treatment when tetracycline access is limited.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06561711.

PMID:42633753 | DOI:10.1111/jgh.70677

J Biomech. 2026 Aug 13;206:113524. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113524. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Approximately 47% of lateral ankle sprains (LASs) occur via indirect contact; therefore, clarifying postural control after external contact to the trunk may provide valuable insights into LAS prevention. In the present study, kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity were measured during a stepping task following trunk perturbation. Kinematics and muscle activity were analyzed before and after both perturbation and initial contact (IC), whereas kinetics were analyzed only before and after IC. The anterior-posterior stability index, medial-lateral stability index (MLSI), and maximum lateral center of pressure (COP) displacement were calculated as stability outcomes. Co-contraction indices (CCIs) were calculated to assess muscle coactivation. Group differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, or statistical parametric mapping for time-series data. Relationships between stability outcomes and muscle activity were examined using multiple regression analysis. The CAI group exhibited significantly higher MLSI and COP lateral displacement, and significantly lower tibialis anterior (TA)/TA + gastrocnemius medialis (GasM) and TA/TA + gastrocnemius lateralis (GasL) co-contraction indices. The analyses revealed several significant group differences and associations. GasM root mean square (RMS) before IC was also significantly higher. Increased MLSI was associated with delayed peroneus longus (PL) onset; COP displacement was related to PL/PL + TA CCI, PL RMS before IC, and delayed GasL onset. These findings indicate that individuals with CAI exhibit impaired postural stability during post-perturbation stepping responses following external contact to the trunk, accompanied by altered ankle muscle activation. Perturbation-based training targeting foot stability and coordinated ankle muscle activation may be important for LAS prevention and rehabilitation.

PMID:42633742 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113524

Food Chem. 2026 Aug 20;526:150842. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150842. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study systematically evaluated thermal drying methods effects on characteristic volatile organic compounds of passion fruit peel using E-nose, GC-MS, GC-IMS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Specifically, GC-MS exhibited higher sensitivity for hydrocarbons and other compounds, whereas GC-IMS was esters, aldehydes, and alcohols. Multiple Factor Analysis confirmed that the combination of these two methods was shown to more comprehensively evaluate the volatile flavor compounds and aroma characteristics of passion fruit peel. Overall, HPD exhibited the best retention of characteristic volatile organic compounds (e.g., Methyl benzoate-M, Nonanal, Decanal), generated new compounds (e.g., (E)-2-octenal, Benzaldehyde, 2-methylbutanal) and enriched the aroma characteristics (e.g., apple, chocolate, fruity). Therefore, HPD was recommended as the optimal pretreatment method for obtaining the best aroma quality of passion fruit peel. Besides, methyl benzoate could serve as a key marker for evaluating the aroma quality of passion fruit peel dried by VMD.

PMID:42633734 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150842