Tag: pubmed

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Nov 3;30(1):1052. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03245-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are common complications following general anesthesia, yet their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of isoflurane anesthesia on astrocyte connexin 30 (Cx30) expression in the hippocampus.

METHODS: Eighteen 8-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, post-anesthesia 1-day, and post-anesthesia 3-day groups. Rats in the anesthesia groups were exposed to 1.8% isoflurane for 2 h. Hippocampal tissues were collected at 1 and 3 days post-anesthesia. Cx30 expression was assessed using Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. Protein levels were quantified, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests.

RESULTS: WB analysis revealed a significant reduction in Cx30 protein expression in the hippocampus of rats at both 1 and 3 days post-isoflurane anesthesia compared to controls. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed decreased Cx30 expression in hippocampal astrocytes, consistent with WB findings.

CONCLUSION: Isoflurane anesthesia significantly reduces Cx30 expression in hippocampal astrocytes, which might be related with the mechanism of postoperative NCD. These findings highlight the role of astrocyte Cx30 in synaptic function and cognitive processes, implicating its dysregulation in the pathophysiology of anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment. Further research is needed to explore the functional consequences of Cx30 alterations and their contribution to postoperative NCD.

PMID:41177887 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-03245-4

Malar J. 2025 Nov 3;24(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05556-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In India, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax remain in circulation. Accurate detection of the parasite species remains crucial for prompt initiation of treatment and reducing onward transmission.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study across 12 sites of varying malaria endemicities was conducted from September 2023 to April 2024. Febrile participants were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and microscopy. Malaria positivity proportions along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were presented separately by parasite species. The diagnostic performance of the RDT was compared against microscopy.

RESULTS: A total of 10,290 febrile participants were tested by both RDT and microscopy: 1,516 (14.7%, 95% CI 7.7-21.8%) malaria cases were identified by RDT and 1,436 (14.0%, 95% CI 6.9-21.1%) by microscopy. Of the 1,516 RDT positives, 1,105 (72.9%) had P. falciparum mono-infection, 290 (19.1%) had P. vivax mono-infection, and 121 (8.0%) had P. falciparum and P. vivax mixed infections. The sensitivity and specificity of RDT were 95.0% [95% CI 94-96%] and 99% [95% CI 98-99%], respectively, for detecting P. falciparum mono-infection, 83% [95% CI 78-87%] and 100% [95% CI 99-100%] for detecting P. vivax mono-infection, and 88% [95% CI 80-93%] and 100% for detecting a mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Overall, 43 (0.4%) participants who were RDT negative were found to have malaria on subsequent microscopic examination.

CONCLUSION: Approximately 15% of the febrile participants tested were identified as malaria positive by RDT, of which nearly one-fifth were P. vivax mono-infections and 8% harboured P. falciparum and P. vivax mixed infections. Low sensitivity of the RDTs for identifying P. vivax underscores an urgent need for developing reliable diagnostics.

PMID:41177884 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05556-7

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Nov 3;30(1):1054. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03364-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To describe the outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) using ultrasound (US) adjunct guidance for long-segment femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion (LSFP-CTO).

METHODS: The medical record of 66 patients who underwent EVT, either conventional or US-guided, for LSFP-CTO recanalization at our institution between October 2016 and October 2023 was retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics, procedural data, and clinical outcomes were analysed. Patency rates during post-procedural follow-up were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: The mean total lesion length was 242.08 ± 37.57 mm and 249.84 ± 46.52 mm in the conventional EVT and US-guided EVT groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Technical success was achieved in 30 patients (93.75%) in the conventional EVT and 32 patients (94.12%) in the US-guided EVT group. Among patients with successful EVT, procedural time and contrast usage were lower in the US-guided EVT group than in the conventional group. No immediate complications of acute renal failure were observed in the US-guided EVT group. During post-procedural follow-up, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of access site complications between the two groups (6.3% vs. 2.9%, p > 0.05). A significant reduction in Rutherford category and an increase in ankle-brachial index were observed after US-guided EVT. Furthermore, the cumulative primary patency rate at 2 years was 79.4% in the US-guided EVT group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. The overall limb salvage rate was 88.2% at 2 years in the US-guided EVT group.

CONCLUSIONS: US-guided EVT is a feasible, safe, and effective adjunctive method for the treatment of LSFP-CTO, associated with low complication rates. This approach reduces procedural time and contrast usage while providing a real-time adjunctive technique for establishing arterial cannulation during EVT.

PMID:41177883 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-03364-y

Eur J Neurosci. 2025 Nov;62(9):e70298. doi: 10.1111/ejn.70298.

ABSTRACT

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) has shown promise in neuromodulation for amblyopic patients. Although pattern electroretinography (PERG) can reveal abnormal retinal responses in amblyopia, its response to TBS is unexplored. This study aims to assess the impact of TBS on PERG responses in amblyopic subjects. Twenty-four adult volunteers participated, including 12 amblyopic patients (mean age 41.75 ± 13.63) and 12 subjects with normal vision (mean age 35.58 ± 12.85). Participants underwent a comprehensive optometric exam, including tests for near and far visual acuity and eye alignment via the cover test. PERG testing was conducted before and after right-hemisphere continuous TBS application. No significant differences were observed in PERG results between amblyopic and fellow eyes, either before or after TBS. No statistically significant interaction between amblyopic vs. normal eyes amplitude and latency was demonstrated after stimulation. However, a statistically significant asymmetry in PERG P50-N95 amplitudes was found when comparing the amblyopic eyes to eyes from the normal control group (p = 0.002). Following stimulation, the initial asymmetry ceased to be present (p = 0.368). Additionally, visual acuity improved in amblyopic eyes following TBS (p = 0.002). TBS appears to enhance visual acuity in amblyopic eyes and influence PERG responses, thus suggesting that PERG may be sensitive to functional changes induced by TBS. These findings support the potential application of PERG in future amblyopia research and clinical interventions.

PMID:41177848 | DOI:10.1111/ejn.70298

Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Nov 2. doi: 10.1002/cac2.70073. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41177843 | DOI:10.1002/cac2.70073

Nat Chem. 2025 Nov;17(11):1645-1654. doi: 10.1038/s41557-025-01974-x. Epub 2025 Oct 31.

ABSTRACT

The development of porous crystalline materials with targeted properties remains challenging owing to the vast chemical design space and the high cost of experimental screening. Here we develop an artificial-intelligence-assisted interactive experiment-learning evolution approach to accelerate the discovery of highly fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs). This approach integrates model recommendation, experimental validation and active learning in an iterative refinement cycle, allowing the artificial intelligence model to evolve along the process. Among the 520 possible combinations derived from a library of 20 amine and 26 aldehyde building blocks, we needed to experimentally evaluate only 11 COFs to identify one with a remarkable photoluminescence quantum yield of 41.3%. By embedding electronic configuration and quantum-level insights into the learning process, this approach transcends intuition based on statistical analysis intuition to enable material discovery driven by chemical knowledge, enhancing prediction reliability and interpretability. We also reveal the fluorescence mechanism of these COFs and outline the critical role of HOMO-LUMO alignment and excited-state charge distribution.

PMID:41177840 | DOI:10.1038/s41557-025-01974-x

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Nov 2;197(12):1288. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14752-6.

ABSTRACT

Global human population growth results in increased emissions of chemical pollutants like heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). These two non-essential elements have strong bioavailability and toxicity, causing harmful health effects on humans, and the wider environment. Synanthropic wildlife species like the white-eared opossum may act as sentinels of environmental contamination, since they have a high incidence in urban areas and close contact with humans. The aim of this study was to conduct toxicological and histopathological analyses of white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) that live in the city of Campo Grande, capital of Mato Grosso do Sul state in Brazil. In addition, we surveyed Cd and Pb in soil and water from sites where D. albiventris were captured. A total of 23 animals were captured and, after recording biological parameters, were euthanized and necropsied. Liver and central nervous system (CNS) samples were sent for toxicological analysis of Cd and Pb. Fragments of the liver, brain, kidney, and reproductive system were collected for histopathological evaluation. The presence of Cd and Pb in the liver and CNS was identified, with a high concentration of Pb in the CNS. Additionally, we found higher concentrations of Pb in both soil and water samples than in the animals. In the histopathological analysis, mild to moderate degenerative tissues lesions were found and may be compatible with damage caused by the presence of Cd and Pb. Nevertheless, our statistical analysis indicated that contamination by Cd and Pb did not threaten the health of the sampled animals. This study is the first in Brazil to detect background levels of Cd and Pb in the liver and CNS of D. albiventris, correlating these concentrations with histopathological lesions. The findings further emphasize the importance of understanding the interactions among the environment, humans, wildlife, and domestic animals within the One Health framework.

PMID:41177812 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14752-6

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2025 Nov;19(11):e70157. doi: 10.1111/irv.70157.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) who receive and recommend seasonal influenza vaccination to their patients remains low in China. This study aims to understand why HCWs infrequently use and recommend the influenza vaccine and how to improve utilization.

METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and a focus group interview were conducted among primary HCWs in Hubei Province in September 2018 and May 2019. We analyzed qualitative data using descriptive methods and a general inductive approach following a quantitative analysis. In addition, we used the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to summarize predictors of HCW vaccination and recommendation.

RESULTS: Primary HCWs acquired basic knowledge about influenza infection and vaccination and were less likely to receive and recommend influenza vaccination. However, from the focus group, HCWs reported influenza was a mild disease and would not recommend vaccination for patients who looked healthy. HCWs raised concerns about adverse events, cost-effectiveness, and contraindications to influenza vaccination. HCWs reported, “I would be more likely to recommend vaccination if my employer required that I do so.”

CONCLUSIONS: Health education materials for HCWs could be improved by providing scientific evidence on the burden of influenza disease, the benefits of vaccination, and national and international policies on influenza vaccination. In addition, interventions that may improve influenza vaccination coverage include workplace requirements for influenza vaccination of HCWs and requirements for HCWs to recommend influenza vaccination to high-risk groups in addition to providing no-cost and on-site vaccination.

PMID:41177808 | DOI:10.1111/irv.70157

Curr Med Chem. 2025 Oct 29. doi: 10.2174/0109298673406989251010070419. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate cyclophilin (CypA) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) before and after treatment. Metabolic variables, such as weight, blood pressure, and plasma glucose, were assessed in these patients.

METHOD: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 24 weeks. We included 38 patients with DM. After confirming the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, SGLT2i (empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin) therapy was prescribed to the patients. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat ratio, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %), and CypA levels were measured at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Patients in the drug subgroup were divided into 2 groups: Empagliflozin (Empa, n=16) and Dapagliflozin (Dapa, n=22).

RESULTS: Weight (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), percentage of body fat (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.006), fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), serum creatinine (p<0.001), and CypA (p<0.001) levels after the SGLT2i therapy were statistically decreased compared to pre-treatment values in all patients. When comparing drug subgroups, significant decreases in weight (p=0.013) and percentage body fat (p=0.01) were observed in the Empa group compared with the Dapa group at 24 weeks. Changes in FPG (p=0.399), HbA1c (p=0.102), and CypA (p=0.329) between the two groups seemed to be similar.

CONCLUSION: Beyond the improvement of metabolic parameters, SGLT2 treatment reduced CypA levels in patients with DM regardless of drug subgroups. These drugs may further prevent the presence of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID:41177793 | DOI:10.2174/0109298673406989251010070419

J Sci Med Sport. 2025 Oct 22:S1440-2440(25)00479-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in elite adult team ball sport athletes and critically evaluate the methods used to assess prevalence.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

METHODS: Six databases were searched in October 2024 for original articles published in English from 2005 onwards. Eligible studies measured prevalence of REDs, low energy availability (LEA), or the Triad in elite team ball sport athletes aged ≥18 years.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria (n = 2 case; n = 2 longitudinal; n = 10 cross-sectional), including 265 athletes representing 12 team ball sports. The 12 included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies used six different methods to identify REDs/LEA prevalence as 0-80 %. Seven studies used energy availability calculations, identifying clinical LEA (<30 kcal·kg FFM^-1·day^-1) in 26.3-63.6 % of athletes. The LEA in Females Questionnaire identified LEA in 29.6-80.0 % of participants across 4 studies. Two studies evaluated REDs via blood/salivary markers, with low total-testosterone in 0-36.4 % of participants. One study found 50 % with low free-testosterone, 9.1 % with low free-T3, and 13.6 % with elevated LDL cholesterol. The REDs Specific Screening Tool identified 33.3 % of athletes in one study at medium risk of REDs. The Exercise Dependence Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire were distributed in combination in one study, finding prevalence of REDs in 4.3 % and 25.5 % of participants, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: REDs appears ubiquitous in elite team ball sports, but research remains limited. A criterion approach for evaluating REDs/LEA prevalence is needed for accurate, reliable, and consistent reporting and cross-study comparisons.

PMID:41177746 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.011