Tag: pubmed

Waste Manag. 2023 Jul 5;169:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.037. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Interest in the conversion of manure in biogas via anaerobic digestion (AD) is growing, but questions remain about the biosafety of digestates. For a period of one year, we monitored the impact of three mesophilic agricultural biogas plants (BPs) mainly fed with pig manure (BP1, BP3) or bovine manure (BP2) on the physicochemical parameters, the composition of the microbial community and the concentration of bacteria (E. coli, enterococci, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridioides difficile). The BP2 digestate differed from those of the two other BPs with a higher nitrogen content, more total solids and greater abundance of Clostridia MBA03 and Disgonomonadacea. Persistence during digestion ranked from least to most, was: Campylobacter (1.6 to >2.9 log₁₀ reduction, according to the BP) < E. coli (1.8 to 2.2 log₁₀) < Salmonella (1.1 to 1.4 log₁₀) < enterococci (0.2 to 1.2 log₁₀) and C. perfringens (0.2 to 1 log₁₀) < L. monocytogenes (-1.2 to 1.6 log₁₀) < C. difficile and C. botulinum (≤0.5 log₁₀). No statistical link was found between the reduction in the concentration of the targeted bacteria and the physicochemical and operational parameters likely to have an effect (NH₃, volatile fatty acids and total solids contents, hydraulic retention time, presence of co-substrates), underlining the fact that the fate of the bacteria during mesophilic digestion depends on many interacting factors. The reduction in concentrations varied significantly over the sampling period, underlining the need for longitudinal studies to estimate the impact of AD on pathogenic microorganisms.

PMID:37418788 | DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.037

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2023 Jul 5;252:114215. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114215. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Firefighting is one of the most hazardous occupations due to exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such exposure is suspected to affect the cardiometabolic profile, e.g., liver function and serum lipids. However, only a few studies have investigated the impact of this specific exposure among firefighters.

METHODS: Men included in the CELSPAC-FIREexpo study were professional firefighters (n = 52), newly recruited firefighters in training (n = 58), and controls (n = 54). They completed exposure questionnaires and provided 1-3 samples of urine and blood during the 11-week study period to allow assessment of their exposure to PFAS (6 compounds) and PAHs (6 compounds), and to determine biomarkers of liver function (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (BIL)) and levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG)). The associations between biomarkers were investigated both cross-sectionally using multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian weighted quantile sum (BWQS) regression and prospectively using MLR. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and false discovery rate correction was applied to account for multiplicity.

RESULTS: A positive association between exposure to PFAS and PAH mixture and BIL (β = 28.6%, 95% CrI = 14.6-45.7%) was observed by the BWQS model. When the study population was stratified, in professional firefighters and controls the mixture showed a positive association with CHOL (β = 29.5%, CrI = 10.3-53.6%) and LDL (β = 26.7%, CrI = 8.3-48.5%). No statistically significant associations with individual compounds were detected using MLR.

CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated the associations between exposure to PFAS and PAHs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in the Czech men, including firefighters. The results suggest that higher exposure to a mixture of these compounds is associated with an increase in BIL and the alteration of serum lipids, which can result in an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile.

PMID:37418783 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114215

Psychiatry Res. 2023 Jul 4;326:115330. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115330. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur and can cause significant impairment. Data are lacking as to whether interventions targeting both PTSD and MDD may improve treatment outcomes among individuals with this comorbidity compared with existing evidence-based PTSD treatments alone. This randomized trial compared the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) enhanced with behavioral activation (BA+CPT) versus CPT among 94 service members (52 women and 42 men; age M = 28.5 years) with comorbid PTSD and MDD. The primary outcome was clinician-administered depression symptom severity on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from pretreatment through 3-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses using multilevel models showed statistically and clinically significant decreases in MADRS scores for both conditions over time, with no significant differences between BA+CPT and CPT. Secondary depression and PTSD symptom outcomes followed a similar pattern of results. For diagnostic MDD and PTSD outcomes using available data, no statistically significant differences between treatments emerged at posttreatment or 3-month follow-up. Sessions attended, dropout rate, and treatment satisfaction did not significantly differ between treatments. Outcomes were comparable for both treatments, suggesting that BA+CPT and CPT were similarly effective psychotherapy options for comorbid PTSD and MDD.

PMID:37418778 | DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115330

Psychiatry Res. 2023 Jun 17;326:115302. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115302. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Research has shown that individuals with psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher likelihood of violent behavior. This study investigated the frequency of comorbid BD and ADHD in adultpatients and the relationship between this comorbidity and violent behavior. We assessed 105 remitted patients diagnosed with BD I (n = 91) or BD II (n = 14). The patients were administered the Sociodemographic Data Scale, the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and theViolence Tendency Scale (VTS) as self-reports. The same clinician administered the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0) to patients who scored≥36 on the WURS. Comorbid ADHD was diagnosed in 15.2% of patients according to the DIVA 2.0. In the multiple linear regression analysis, there was a statistically significant positive effect of the ASRS total score on the VTS and the BPAQ total score. Furthermore, it was found that male gender had a statistically significant positive effect on VTS total score and young age had a statistically significant positive effect on BPQA total score. These findings demonstrate an association between BD, comorbid ADHD, and violent behavior.

PMID:37418777 | DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115302

Schizophr Bull. 2023 Jul 7:sbad100. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbad100. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Psychiatric disorders impose a huge health and economic burden on modern society. However, there is currently no proven completely effective treatment available, partly owing to the inefficiency of drug target identification and validation. We aim to identify therapeutic targets relevant to psychiatric disorders by conducting Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed genome-wide MR analysis by integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of 4479 actionable genes that encode druggable proteins and genetic summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of psychiatric disorders. After conducting colocalization analysis on the brain MR findings, we employed protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data as genetic proposed instruments for intersecting the colocalized genes to provide further genetic evidence.

STUDY RESULTS: By performing MR and colocalization analysis with eQTL genetic instruments, we obtained 31 promising drug targets for psychiatric disorders, including 21 significant genes for schizophrenia, 7 for bipolar disorder, 2 for depression, 1 for attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and none for autism spectrum disorder. Combining MR results using pQTL genetic instruments, we finally proposed 8 drug-targeting genes supported by the strongest MR evidence, including gene ACE, BTN3A3, HAPLN4, MAPK3 and NEK4 for schizophrenia, gene NEK4 and HAPLN4 for bipolar disorder, and gene TIE1 for ADHD.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings with genetic support were more likely to be to succeed in clinical trials. In addition, our study prioritizes approved drug targets for the development of new therapies and provides critical drug reuse opportunities for psychiatric disorders.

PMID:37418754 | DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbad100

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jun 23;130(25):251902. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.251902.

ABSTRACT

Using (1.0087±0.0044)×10^{10} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process Ξ^{0}n→Ξ^{-}p is studied, where the Ξ^{0} baryon is produced in the process J/ψ→Ξ^{0}Ξ[over ¯]^{0} and the neutron is a component of the ^{9}Be, ^{12}C, and ^{197}Au nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of 7.1σ. The cross section of the reaction Ξ^{0}+^{9}Be→Ξ^{-}+p+^{8}Be is determined to be σ(Ξ^{0}+^{9}Be→Ξ^{-}+p+^{8}Be)=(22.1±5.3_{stat}±4.5_{sys}) mb at the Ξ^{0} momentum of 0.818 GeV/c, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant H-dibaryon signal is observed in the Ξ^{-}p final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.

PMID:37418739 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.251902

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jun 23;130(25):253201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.253201.

ABSTRACT

We study the strong-field ionization driven by quantum lights. Developing a quantum-optical-corrected strong-field approximation model, we simulate the photoelectron momentum distribution with squeezed-state light, which manifests as notably different interference structures from that with coherent-state (classical) light. With the saddle-point method, we analyze the electron dynamics and reveal that the photon statistics of squeezed-state light fields endows the tunneling electron wave packets with a time-varying phase uncertainty and modulates the photoelectron intracycle and intercycle interferences. Moreover, it is found the fluctuation of quantum light imprints significant influence on the propagation of tunneling electron wave packets, in which the ionization probability of electrons is considerably modified in time domain.

PMID:37418726 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.253201

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jun 23;130(25):257101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.257101.

ABSTRACT

Irreversibility is commonly quantified by entropy production. An external observer can estimate it through measuring an observable that is antisymmetric under time reversal like a current. We introduce a general framework that allows us to infer a lower bound on entropy production through measuring the time-resolved statistics of events with any symmetry under time reversal, in particular, time-symmetric instantaneous events. We emphasize Markovianity as a property of certain events rather than of the full system and introduce an operationally accessible criterion for this weakened Markov property. Conceptually, the approach is based on snippets as particular sections of trajectories between two Markovian events, for which a generalized detailed balance relation is discussed.

PMID:37418719 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.257101

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jun 23;130(25):258201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.258201.

ABSTRACT

The statistics of noise emitted by ultrathin crumpled sheets is measured while they exhibit logarithmic relaxations under load. We find that the logarithmic relaxation advanced via a series of discrete, audible, micromechanical events that are log-Poisson distributed (i.e., the process becomes a Poisson process when time stamps are replaced by their logarithms). The analysis places constraints on the possible mechanisms underlying the glasslike slow relaxation and memory retention in these systems.

PMID:37418710 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.258201

Aesthet Surg J. 2023 Jul 7:sjad214. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjad214. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The volume and position of the buccal fat pad (BFP) were reported to change with age, which manifests as a hollow midface. Previous studies showed that autologous fat grafting for BFP augmentation could effectively ameliorate midfacial hollowing.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to introduce a modified fat grafting technique for female patients with midfacial hollowing to restore the volume of BFP, and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness thereof.

METHODS: Two cadavers were used for the dissection of the BFP and the demonstration of our surgical procedures. Forty-eight patients were treated for midfacial hollowing with our modified grafting strategy. Through a percutaneous zygomatic incision, we filled the BFP and observed an immediate amelioration in the hollow area. Improvements were evaluated by Ogee line and its Ogee angle, Face-Q questionnaires, and three-party satisfaction ratings. Clinical profiles were reviewed and statistically analysed.

RESULTS: The Ogee angle was 6.6 ± 1.9° pre-operatively and 3.9 ± 1.4° post-operatively (average reduction, 2.7°). Patients’ Ogee lines were smoother post-operatively, with marked improvements in overall appearance, psychological well-being, and social confidence. Patients reported high satisfaction with decision-making and post-operative outcomes and felt 6.61 ± 2.21 years younger. Overall, 88%, 76%, and 83% of the cases were graded as good and excellent in improvement by surgeon, patient, and the third party, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: For age-dependent midfacial hollowing in female patients, our modified percutaneous grafting technique was safe and efficacious in restoring BFP volume. With this technique, a smoother Ogee line and a natural, younger midfacial contour could be achieved.

PMID:37418635 | DOI:10.1093/asj/sjad214