Tag: pubmed

Pediatr Obes. 2023 Oct 5:e13079. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13079. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs), that is, dietary intake, screen, outdoor play and sleep, tend to combine into ‘lifestyle patterns’, with potential synergistic influences on health. To date, studies addressing this theme mainly focused on school children and rarely accounted for sleep, with a cross-country perspective.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed at comparing lifestyle patterns among preschool-aged children across Europe, their associations with socio-demographic factors and their links with body mass index (BMI).

METHODS: Harmonized data on 2-5-year-olds participating in nine European birth cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network were used (EBRBs, socio-demographics and anthropometrics). Principal component analysis and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed.

RESULTS: The most consistent pattern identified across cohorts was defined by at least three of the following EBRBs: discretionary consumption, high screen time, low outdoor play time and low sleep duration. Consistently, children from low-income households and born to mothers with low education level had higher scores on this pattern compared to their socioeconomically advantaged counterparts. Furthermore, it was associated with higher BMI z-scores in the Spanish and Italian cohorts (β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.02; 0.10], both studies).

CONCLUSION: These findings may be valuable in informing early multi-behavioural interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities in health at a European scale.

PMID:37795656 | DOI:10.1111/ijpo.13079

Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12857. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The cardioprotective mechanisms of gliflozins however have not been fully elucidated. Aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on right and left ventricular function in patients with diabetes and HF.

METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with diabetes and CHF were enrolled in the study and followed up; 38 started treatment with SGLT2i, while the remaining 40 continued their previous antidiabetic therapy. All patients underwent conventional, TDI and strain echocardiography in an ambulatory setting, at the beginning and after 3 months of therapy with SGLT2i.

RESULTS: After 3 months of therapy with SGLT2i, echocardiographic parameters assessing both left and right ventricular dimensions and function were found as significantly improved in patients switching to SGLT2i than control group: LVEF (45±9% vs 40±8%, p<0.001), LVEDD (54±6.5 vs 56±6.5 mm, p<0.01), GLS (-13±4% vs -10±3%, p<0.001), TAPSE (21±3 vs 19±3 mm, p<0.001), RV S’ (13±2.5 vs 11±2, p<0.001), and PAsP (24±8 vs 31±9 mmHg, p<0.001). Also mitral (1.0±0.5 vs 1.3±0.5, p<0.01) and tricuspid regurgitation (1.0±0.5 vs 1.3±0.5, p<0.01) improved after SGLT2i therapy. Changes were not statistically significant in patients not treated with SGLT2i (p n.s. in all cases).

CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world scenario, treatment with SGLT2i in patients with CHF and diabetes is associated with an improvement in both left and right ventricular function assessed at echocardiography. These data may explain potential anti-remodelling effects of gliflozins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:37795627 | DOI:10.1111/cpf.12857

Adv Mater. 2023 Oct 5:e2303253. doi: 10.1002/adma.202303253. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Functional biomaterial has already become an important aspect in modern therapeutics, yet the design of novel multi-functional biomaterial is still a challenging task nowadays. When several biofunctional components are present, the complexity that arises from their combinations and interactions would lead to tedious trial-and-error screening. In this work, we present a novel strategy of biomaterial rational design through the marriage of gradient surface generation with statistical learning. Not only parameter combinations can be screened in a high-throughput fashion, the optimal conditions beyond the experimentally tested range can also be extrapolated from the models. We have demonstrated the power of our strategy in rationally designing an unprecedented ternary functionalized surface for orthopedic implant, with optimal osteogenic, angiogenic and neurogenic activities, and have confirmed its optimality in vitro and the best osteointegration promotion in vivo. The presented strategy is expected to open up new possibilities in the rational design of biomaterials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:37795620 | DOI:10.1002/adma.202303253

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2023 Oct 5:271678X231204426. doi: 10.1177/0271678X231204426. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with dyslipidemia and mild cognitive impairment. This study investigated the relationships between serum lipids metabolism, cognition, and functional connectivity (FC) within and between brain networks in T2D patients. The study included 102 T2D patients and 45 healthy controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, lipid profile tests, and cognitive assessments. Thirteen functional networks were identified using independent component analysis. The statistical analyses included multivariate analysis of covariance, partial correlation, canonical correlation, and mediation analyses. We found widely reduced between-network FCs in T2D, especially between the ventral sensorimotor network (SMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) (p = 0.001) and between the ventral SMN and lateral visual network (VN) (p < 0.001). Moreover, lower between-network FCs were correlated with worse serum lipids metabolism and poorer cognitive performance (all p < 0.05). Importantly, between-network FCs mediated the relationship between lipid metabolism and cognition (β = -0.3136, 95% CI: -0.7660, -0.0186). Within-network analyses revealed altered FCs within the anterior default mode network, DAN, and lateral VN, each positively correlated with global cognition (all p < 0.01). Our results suggest the potential of improving cognitive function by regulating serum lipids in individuals with T2D.

PMID:37795619 | DOI:10.1177/0271678X231204426

Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26695. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We determined if the heart rate (HR) monitoring performance of a wireless and nonadhesive belt is non-inferior compared to standard electrocardiography (ECG). Secondary objective was to explore the belt’s respiratory rate (RR) monitoring performance compared to chest impedance (CI).

METHOD: In this multicenter non-inferiority trial, preterm and term infants were simultaneously monitored with the belt and conventional ECG/CI for 24 h. HR monitoring performance was estimated with the HR difference and ability to detect cardiac events compared to the ECG, and the incidence of HR-data loss per second. These estimations were statistically compared to prespecified margins to confirm equivalence/non-inferiority. Exploratory RR analyses estimated the RR trend difference and ability to detect apnea/tachypnea compared to CI, and the incidence of RR-data loss per second.

RESULTS: Thirty-nine infants were included. HR monitoring with the belt was non-inferior to the ECG with a mean HR difference of 0.03 beats per minute (bpm) (standard error [SE] = 0.02) (95% limits of agreement [LoA]: [-5 to 5] bpm) (p < 0.001). Second, sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for cardiac event detection were 94.0% (SE = 0.5%) and 92.6% (SE = 0.6%), respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Third, the incidence of HR-data loss was 2.1% (SE = 0.4%) per second (p < 0.05). The exploratory analyses of RR showed moderate trend agreement with a mean RR-difference of 3.7 breaths/min (SE = 0.8) (LoA: [-12 to 19] breaths/min), but low sensitivities and PPV’s for apnea/tachypnea detection. The incidence of RR-data loss was 2.2% (SE = 0.4%) per second.

CONCLUSION: The nonadhesive, wireless belt showed non-inferior HR monitoring and a moderate agreement in RR trend compared to ECG/CI. Future research on apnea/tachypnea detection is required.

PMID:37795597 | DOI:10.1002/ppul.26695

J Neurotrauma. 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1089/neu.2023.0377. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Intracranial pressure (ICP) data from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) cannot be interpreted appropriately without accounting for the effect of administered therapy intensity level (TIL) on ICP. A 15-point scale was originally proposed in 1987 to quantify the hourly intensity of ICP-targeted treatment. This scale was subsequently modified &ndash; through expert consensus &ndash; during the development of TBI Common Data Elements to address statistical limitations and improve usability. The latest, 38-point scale (hereafter referred to as TIL) permits integrated scoring for a 24-hour period and has a five-category, condensed version (TIL^(Basic)) based on qualitative assessment. Here, we perform a total- and component-score analysis of TIL and TIL^(Basic) to: (1) validate the scales across the wide variation in contemporary ICP management, (2) compare their performance against that of predecessors, and (3) derive guidelines for proper scale use. From the observational Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) study, we extract clinical data from a prospective cohort of ICP-monitored TBI patients (<em>n</em>=873) from 52 ICUs across 19 countries. We calculate daily TIL and TIL^(Basic) scores (TIL₂₄ and TIL^(Basic)₂₄, respectively) from each patient&rsquo;s first week of ICU stay. We also calculate summary TIL and TIL^(Basic) scores by taking the first-week maximum (TIL_max and TIL^(Basic)_max) and first-week median (TIL_median and TIL^(Basic)_median) of TIL₂₄ and TIL^(Basic)₂₄ scores for each patient. We find that, across all measures of construct and criterion validity, the latest TIL scale performs significantly greater than or similarly to all alternative scales (including TIL^(Basic)) and integrates the widest range of modern ICP treatments. TIL_median outperforms both TIL_max and summarised ICP values in detecting refractory intracranial hypertension (RICH) during ICU stay. The RICH detection thresholds which maximise the sum of sensitivity and specificity are TIL_median&ge;7.5 and TIL_max&ge;14. The TIL₂₄ threshold which maximises the sum of sensitivity and specificity in the detection of surgical ICP control is TIL₂₄&ge;9. The median scores of each TIL component therapy over increasing TIL₂₄ reflect a credible staircase approach to treatment intensity escalation, from head positioning to surgical ICP control, as well as considerable variability in the use of cerebrospinal fluid drainage and decompressive craniectomy. Since TIL^(Basic)_max suffers from a strong statistical ceiling effect and only covers 17% (95% CI: 16&ndash;18%) of the information in TIL_max, TIL^(Basic) should not be used instead of TIL for rating maximum treatment intensity. TIL^(Basic)₂₄ and TIL^(Basic)_median can be suitable replacements for TIL₂₄ and TIL_median, respectively (with up to 33% [95% CI: 31&ndash;35%] information coverage) when TIL assessment is infeasible. Accordingly, we derive numerical ranges for categorising TIL₂₄ scores into TIL^(Basic)₂₄ scores. In conclusion, our results validate TIL across a spectrum of ICP management and monitoring approaches. TIL is a more sensitive surrogate for pathophysiology than ICP…

PMID:37795563 | DOI:10.1089/neu.2023.0377

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023 Oct 5:e202308675. doi: 10.1002/anie.202308675. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The mechanism for interaction and bonding of single guest molecules with active sites fundamentally determines the sorption and subsequent catalytic processes occurring in host zeolitic frameworks. However, no real-space studies on these significant issues have been reported thus far, since atomically visualizing guest molecules and recognizing single Al T-sites in zeolites remain challenging. Here, we atomically resolved single thiophene probes interacting with acid T-sites in the ZSM-5 framework to study the bonding behaviors between them. The synergy of bifurcated three-centered hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions can “freeze” the near-horizontal thiophene and make it stable enough to be imaged. By combining the imaging results with simulations, direct atomic observations enabled us to precisely locate the single Al T-sites in individual straight channels. Then, we statistically found that the thiophene bonding probability of the T11 site is 15 times higher than that of the T6 site. For different acid T-sites, the variation in the interaction synergy changes the inner angle of the host-guest O-H···S hydrogen bond, thereby affecting the stability of the near-horizontal thiophene and leading to considerable bonding inhomogeneities.

PMID:37795545 | DOI:10.1002/anie.202308675

Adv Mater. 2023 Oct 5:e2306631. doi: 10.1002/adma.202306631. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an ideal 2D platform for studying a wide variety of electronic properties and potential applications due to their chemical diversity. Similarly, single-walled TMD nanotubes (SW-TMDNTs)-seamless cylinders of rolled-up TMD monolayers-are 1D materials that can exhibit tunable electronic properties depending on both their chirality and composition. However, much less has been explored about their geometrical structures and chemical variations due to their instability under ambient conditions. Here, the structural diversity of SW-TMDNTs templated by boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is reported. The outer surfaces and inner cavities of the BNNTs promote and stabilize the coaxial growth of SW-TMDNTs with various diameters, including few-nanometers-wide species. The chiral indices (n,m) of individual SW-MoS₂ NTs are assigned by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and statistical analyses reveals a broad chirality distribution ranging from zigzag to armchair configurations. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied to the synthesis of various TMDNTs, such as selenides and alloyed Mo_{1- x} W_x S₂ . Comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic analyses also suggest the partial formation of Janus MoS_{2(1- x )} Se_{2 x} nanotubes. The BNNT-templated reaction provides a universal platform to characterize the chirality-dependent properties of 1D nanotubes with various electronic structures.

PMID:37795543 | DOI:10.1002/adma.202306631

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00775.2022. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Females generally have smaller blood pressure (BP) responses to isolated muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex activation compared to males, which may explain sex differences in BP responses to voluntary exercise. The mechanoreflex may be sensitized during exercise, but whether mechanoreflex-metaboreflex interactions differ by sex or variations in sex hormones remains unknown. Thirty-one young healthy subjects (females, n=16) performed unilateral passive cycling (mechanoreflex), active cycling (40% peak Watts), post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO; metaboreflex), and passive cycling combined with PECO (combined mechanoreflex and metaboreflex activation). Beat-to-beat BP, heart rate, inactive leg vascular conductance, and active leg muscle oxygenation were measured. Ten females underwent exploratory testing during low- and high-hormone phases of their self-reported menstrual cycle or oral contraceptive use. Systolic BP and heart rate responses did not differ between sexes during active cycling (∆30±9 vs. 29±11mmHg [males vs. females], P=0.9; ∆33±8 vs. 35±6beats/min, P=0.4) or passive cycling with PECO (∆26±11 vs. 21±10mmHg, P=0.3; ∆14±7 vs. 18±15beats/min, P=0.3). Passive cycling with PECO revealed additive, not synergistic, effects for systolic BP (males: ∆23±14 vs. 26±11mmHg, [sum of isolated passive cycling and PECO vs. combined activation]; females: ∆26±11 vs. 21±12mmHg, interaction P=0.05). Results were consistent in subset analyses with sex differences in active cycling BP (P>0.1) and exploratory analyses of hormone phase (P>0.4). Despite a lack of statistical equivalence, no differences in cardiovascular responses were found during combined mechanoreflex-metaboreflex activation between sexes or hormone levels. These results provide preliminary data regarding the involvement of muscle mechanoreflex-metaboreflex interactions in mediating sex differences in voluntary exercise BP responses.

PMID:37795529 | DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00775.2022

Br J Haematol. 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/bjh.19122. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

How important is choice of conditioning regimen in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for sickle cell disease (SCD)? We compared HSCT outcomes by conditioning regimen in paediatric patients with SCD from the EBMT registry. In 2010-2020, 251 patients aged <18 years underwent a first matched sibling donor (MSD) HSCT with conditioning based on busulfan-fludarabine (bu-flu; n = 89) or treosulfan-fludarabine (treo-flu; n = 162). In the bu-flu and treo-flu groups, 51.7% and 99.4% of patients, respectively, received thiotepa. Median follow-up was 2.7 years. Two-year overall survival (OS) was 98.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.9-99.8) with bu-flu and 99.3% (95% CI: 95.2-99.9) with treo-flu (p = 0.63). Grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 100 days was 2.4% (95% CI: 0.4-7.5) and 0.6% (0.1%-3.2%) for bu-flu and treo-flu respectively (p = 0.25). The 2-year incidence of extensive chronic GVHD was 1.5% (95% CI: 0.1-7.3) with bu-flu and 8.0% (95% CI: 4.1-13.3) with treo-flu (p = 0.057). These multinational data confirm the excellent curative capacity of MSD HSCT with myeloablative conditioning. Both conditioning regimens yielded excellent OS, low rates of acute and chronic GVHD, and low rates of graft failure.

PMID:37795523 | DOI:10.1111/bjh.19122