Tag: pubmed

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2026 Feb 9. doi: 10.1007/s10517-026-06587-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Coagulation hemostasis parameters were assessed in non-human primates of the genus Macaca spp. specifically Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis (age 1-34 years) housed in open enclosures at the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” under humid subtropical climatic conditions. A high degree of interspecific variability in the measured hemostatic parameters was observed among sexually mature individuals of both species. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean values of coagulation parameters between immature and mature animals. Furthermore, in the age group of 20 years and older (classified as aged animals), significant sex-dependent differences in the mean values of the studied hemostasis indicators were also detected. The quantitative reference ranges obtained in this study can serve as a baseline for interpreting hemostasiological data in laboratory studies involving these primate species.

PMID:41661431 | DOI:10.1007/s10517-026-06587-z

Brain Imaging Behav. 2026 Feb 9;20(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s11682-026-01092-3.

ABSTRACT

Brain analysis software uses different atlases producing different results. These variations arise mainly from differences in algorithms and region-of-interest definitions used for segmentation and parcellation. We compared the results of FreeSurfer (FS) and BrainSuite (BS), in brain segmentation and parcellation for group comparisons. Magnetic resonance images from 45 adults (23 females, 22 males) were analyzed using FS and BS. Our analysis included the volume, surface area and thickness of the total brain, right motor cortex, and right thalamus. Statistical analyses were done between software outputs and sex-based variations in brain structure. The mean volumes (cm³) of the thalamus, motor cortex, and total brain were 7.20, 28.54, and 951.9 for FS, and 6.25, 25.47, and 772.6 for BS (P = 0.001 for all). Volumes were higher with FS than BS. The mean surface areas (cm²) of the motor cortex and total brain were 59.30 and 1966.71 for FS, and 57.80 (P = 0.001 for both) and 1797.97 for BS (P = 0.001 for both). Motor cortex surface area was significantly higher in FS compared to BS, while total brain surface area was also larger in FS. The mean thickness (mm) of the motor cortex and total brain was 2.32 and 2.37 for FS, and 4.05 and 3.95 for BS (P = 0.001 for all). Thickness values were lower in FS than in BS. Sex comparison results differed for total brain surface area, but other comparisons revealed similar statistical results across sexes for both software. FS provides higher volume and surface area measurements than BS, while BS yields greater thickness measurements. Despite differences in thickness, surface area, and volume, group comparisons from FS and BS data yielded similar results.

PMID:41661408 | DOI:10.1007/s11682-026-01092-3

Bull Math Biol. 2026 Feb 9;88(3):37. doi: 10.1007/s11538-026-01600-y.

ABSTRACT

The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) epidemic in China provided a unique natural experiment to evaluate school closures, as it overlapped with two school vacations. Utilizing the epidemiological data from this outbreak, our study specifically assesses the impact of holidays and systematically evaluates the efficacy of school-specific prevention measures in curbing influenza transmission. By using the enhanced piecewise linear representation model and calculating the effective reproduction number R_t, we divided the entire pandemic period into six stages. We employed the Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Removed model with quarantine compartments to align with the prevention and control policy. We quantified the effectiveness of holidays and school-specific prevention strategies using parameter estimation results. Moreover, we explored several comparative scenarios, including holiday cancellations or extensions, to further demonstrate the impact of school closure and policies. The comparison of different transmission phases revealed a 14.0% and 16.5% reduction in the mean of R_t during the summer vacation and the National Day holiday, respectively. Furthermore, the relaxation of school-specific preventive measures could potentially lead to a doubling of the accumulated case count within several months. In contrast, the extension of holiday periods demonstrated a notable mitigating impact on the epidemic curve. School-specific prevention strategies and school holidays exert a beneficial and significant influence on mitigating the spread of the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic. Our research findings and methods can provide insights for implementing school closure strategies to mitigate similar emerging infectious diseases.

PMID:41661395 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-026-01600-y

Lifetime Data Anal. 2026 Feb 9;32(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s10985-026-09693-2.

ABSTRACT

The time-to-first-event analysis is often used for studies involving multiple event times, where each component is treated equally, regardless of their clinical importance. Alternative summaries such as Win Ratio, Net Benefit, and Win Odds (WO) have drawn attention lately because they can handle different types of outcomes and allow for a hierarchical ordering in component outcomes. In this paper, we focus on WO and propose proportional WO regression models to evaluate the treatment effect on multiple outcomes while controlling for other risk factors. The models are easily interpretable as a standard logistic regression model. However, the proposed WO regression is more advanced; multiple outcomes of different types can be modeled together, and the estimating equation is constructed based on all possible and potentially dependent pairings of a treated individual with a control one under the functional response modeling framework. In addition, informative ties are carefully distinguished from those inconclusive comparisons due to censoring, and the latter is handled via the inverse probability of censoring weighting method. We establish the asymptotic properties of the estimated regression coefficients using the U-statistic theory and demonstrate the finite sample performance through numerical studies.

PMID:41661385 | DOI:10.1007/s10985-026-09693-2

Int Ophthalmol. 2026 Feb 9;46(1):107. doi: 10.1007/s10792-026-03977-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND / PURPOSE: Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia characterized by stromal thinning and protrusion, leading to irregular astigmatism and visual impairment. To mitigate these issues, iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking (I-CXL) was developed to enhance riboflavin penetration while preserving the epithelium, aiming for comparable biomechanical effects with fewer adverse events. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the efficacy and safety of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking (I-CXL) and standard epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking (S-CXL) in the management of keratoconus.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251091187). PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and DOJA were searched from inception until August 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational cohort studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration). A random-effects model was used to assess heterogeneity across studies.

RESULTS: 14 studies with a total of 629 patients were included, with10 incorporated into the quantitative analysis. Pooled analysis showed no significant difference between S-CXL and I-CXL in K-max reduction (mean difference MD = 0.52 D; 95% CI = [- 0.20, 1.23]; P = 0.16). I-CXL had more improvement in UCVA and BCVA, but without statistical significance (UCVA MD = – 0.03 logMAR; P = 0.30; BCVA MD = – 0.01 logMAR; P = 0.57). there was no significant difference between the two in terms of ECC, CCT, and TPT. I-CXL was associated with less adverse events and better patient comfort.

CONCLUSION: Both S-CXL and I-CXL are effective in halting keratoconus progression. S-CXL offered better corneal flatting, whereas I-CXL achieved better visual acuity parameters with less side effects and better patient comfort. Due to the high heterogeneity, lack of long-term trials, especially on pediatric population, further research is required.

PMID:41661382 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-026-03977-0

Lifetime Data Anal. 2026 Feb 9;32(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s10985-026-09689-y.

ABSTRACT

This study develops estimation methods for a deep partially linear Cox proportional hazards model with a change point under current status data, aiming to accommodate complex change-point effects. Prior work has largely relied on linear models, which may inadequately capture relationships among multivariate covariates and thus hinder accurate change-point detection. To address this, we use a deep neural network to model covariate effects within the Cox framework and propose a maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the model. We establish asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators, including consistency, asymptotic independence, and semiparametric efficiency. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed inference procedure performs well in finite samples. An analysis of a breast cancer dataset is provided to illustrate the methodology.

PMID:41661381 | DOI:10.1007/s10985-026-09689-y

Int Ophthalmol. 2026 Feb 9;46(1):106. doi: 10.1007/s10792-026-03939-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aim to evaluate the effect of pharmacological pupil dilation on spherical and toric intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations using biometric measurements from the Anterion optical biometer.

METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of adults undergoing cataract surgery. Pre- and post-dilation biometric measurements were obtained using the Anterion biometer. IOL power calculations, including both spherical and toric values, were performed using the following formulas: Barrett Universal II, Cooke K6, EVO, Hill-RBF, Hoffer® QST, Kane, and Pearl-DGS. Vector analysis was used to compare pre- and post-dilation corneal astigmatism and toric IOL magnitude and axis.

RESULTS: A total of 74 eyes from 37 patients (17 male, 20 female; mean age 52.4 ± 7.8 years) were analysed. Pupil dilation resulted in a statistically significant increase in reported central corneal thickness (CCT, p < 0.05), while other biometric parameters remained unaffected. Both spherical and toric IOL power calculations showed no significant changes across formulas following dilation. Vector analysis revealed that the centroid difference in corneal astigmatism and toric IOL magnitude ranged from 0.09 D to 0.05, and axis orientation differences ranged from 3° to 6°, indicating no systematic bias due to dilation. Approximately 75% of eyes showed changes of < 0.50 D in spherical IOL power, while ~ 25% exceeded 0.50 D. For toric IOL power, ~ 90% of eyes showed changes < 0.50 D, with ~ 25% reaching or exceeding 0.50 D.

CONCLUSION: Most eyes show minimal IOL power variation with pupil dilation; however, a subset may experience clinically relevant differences, particularly in toric IOL calculations.

PMID:41661359 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-026-03939-6

Surg Today. 2026 Feb 9. doi: 10.1007/s00595-026-03248-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) often presents challenges with intraoperatively detected distal bile duct margin (DM) positivity. We evaluated the safety and oncological impact of performing an additional pancreatoduodenectomy (ad-PD) for converting R1 to R0 resection.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 272 patients (1990-2024) who underwent major hepatectomies for PHCC. Patients with positive DM were divided into an ad-PD group (n = 8) and a hepatectomy alone group (DMpos-HA, n = 10).

RESULTS: A manalysis identified lymph node metastasis, non-R0 resection, vascular resection, and CA19-9 > 90 U/mL as independent predictors of a poor overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort (n = 272). Regarding the DM-positive subgroup, the ad-PD group achieved a 100% R0 rate, whereas the DMpos-HA group had a 0% rate (p < 0.001). The 5-year OS rate tended to be higher in the ad-PD group (50.0% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.396), although the difference was not statistically significant. Major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa) occurred in 38% of the ad-PD group and 20% of the DMpos-HA group (p = 0.613). Importantly, the in-hospital mortality rate was 0% in both groups.

CONCLUSION: In carefully selected patients, concomitant ad-PD is a feasible option that achieves a high R0 rate and suggests a trend toward an improved long-term survival without increasing mortality.

PMID:41661327 | DOI:10.1007/s00595-026-03248-6

Neurourol Urodyn. 2026 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/nau.70231. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been linked to excessive urethral mobility, yet clinical evaluation has been largely limited to assessing maximal excursion rather than capturing the full dynamics of visible urethral movement. In this study, we hypothesize that an automated, ultrasound-based method can objectively differentiate urethral mobility patterns between women with SUI and continent controls.

METHODS: We used a previously validated optical flow-based algorithm to automatically track urethral motion from transperineal ultrasound images during cough, Valsalva maneuver, and pelvic muscle contraction (PMC) in 11 women with SUI and 10 continent controls. Urethral motion was assessed by defining three regions of interest along the urethra (proximal, mid, and distal). Segmental urethral kinematics were computed and statistically compared between groups.

RESULTS: Substantial variability and overlap between groups were observed, with coefficient of variation ranging 25%-90%. On average, women with SUI demonstrated significantly larger urethral displacement compared to controls, particularly at the proximal segment during Valsalva (10.6 ± 1.2 mm vs. 6.0 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.01), with pronounced inferior-posterior motion. Additionally, displacement between the upper and lower urethra was significantly larger in the SUI group (0.47 ± 0.10 mm/mm vs. 0.13 ± 0.03 mm/mm, p < 0.05), indicating localized hypermobility particularly near the proximal urethra. Maneuver-specific differences were also noted within the SUI group, with Valsalva producing significantly larger and less uniform urethral movements compared to cough (10.6 ± 1.2 mm vs. 6.6 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the automated method is capable of capturing urethral mobility characteristics associated with SUI. Significant inter-individual variability in both continent and SUI groups indicates that urethral kinematics are heterogeneous. The detailed kinematic data have the potential to identify distinct sub-types of urethral mobility, facilitating systematic comparisons with underlying structural and neuromuscular defects. This approach can move clinical evaluation from simple group comparisons toward personalized SUI diagnosis and targeted treatment selection. Future studies with larger sample sizes and inclusion of additional pelvic floor conditions will be needed to validate these findings and advance their translation into clinical practice.

PMID:41657287 | DOI:10.1002/nau.70231

Microsurgery. 2026 Feb;46(2):e70190. doi: 10.1002/micr.70190.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dangling protocols are widely used in the postoperative management of lower extremity free flaps to promote microvascular adaptation. To optimize outcomes, surgeons use dangling protocols, gradually increasing limb dependency, to enhance venous adaptation. However, wide variability exists in their design, and the impact of dangling duration and frequency on complication rates remains unclear.

METHODS: A systematic meta-analysis was performed to evaluate pooled complication rates associated with dangling protocols and to assess whether protocol duration (minutes per session) or frequency (number of sessions) was associated with adverse outcomes. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane for relevant studies published through 2024. Then, a random-effects model was used to estimate pooled rates of partial flap loss, total flap loss, venous congestion, arterial compromise, hematoma, infection, wound dehiscence, return to the operating room, and donor site complications. Meta-regression was performed to examine associations with dangling protocol characteristics.

RESULTS: Across pooled studies, overall complication rates were low, including total flap loss (0.30%), arterial compromise (0.30%), and venous congestion (0.73%). No statistically significant associations were found between dangling duration and any complication type. While increased frequency of dangling was significantly associated with higher return-to-OR rates in the full model (slope = 0.0224; p = 0.0002), this relationship was entirely driven by a single study reporting 24 sessions/day. When this outlier was excluded, the association became non-significant.

CONCLUSION: Dangling protocols appear safe and well tolerated, with low rates of major complications. While the duration of dangling sessions does not affect complication risk, higher frequency may increase the likelihood of surgical re-intervention. These findings support the need for standardized, evidence-based protocols and further research into the physiologic and clinical thresholds guiding postoperative flap care. A meta-analysis of lower extremity free flap studies demonstrated low complication rates across common endpoints including total flap loss (0.30%), arterial compromise (0.30%), and venous congestion (0.73%).

PMID:41657266 | DOI:10.1002/micr.70190