Tag: pubmed

Obes Surg. 2023 Jul 20. doi: 10.1007/s11695-023-06749-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is an important worldwide issue of serious medical and social concern. One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an approved, effective, and long-lasting procedure for weight loss and the remission of obesity-associated medical problems in the adult patients, but its efficacy and safety in children and adolescents are still on debate. This study aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of OAGB compare to SG and RYGB during a 5-year follow-up.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on children and adolescents with severe obesity who underwent primary OAGB, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-e-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at an academic hospital, between March 2016 and December 2020.

RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-eight patients with 24 to 60 months of follow-up including 107 SG, 37 RYGB, and 84 OAGB were included in the final analysis. The mean age, preoperative weight, and BMI were 15.71 ± 2.09 years (range, 9-18 years), 126.3 ± 22.0 kg (74.5-215 kg), and 45.1 ± 6.9 kg/ m² (36.4-79.3 kg/m²), respectively. The mean of follow-up was 30.05 ± 19.98 months. The mean of ∆BMI was 30.2 ± 5.1, 30.0 ± 5.4, and 31.1 ± 6.8 at 12th, 36th, and 60th months postoperative. At the 60-month follow-up, there were statistically significant differences in ΔBMI between SG and OAGB and SG and RYGB.

CONCLUSION: OAGB is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents in 24 to 60 months follow-ups.

PMID:37470954 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-023-06749-2

Behav Res Methods. 2023 Jul 17. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02166-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Although transfer models are limited in their ability to evolve over time and account for a wide range of processes, they have repeatedly shown to be useful for testing categorization theories and predicting participants’ generalization performance. In this study, we propose a statistical framework that allows transfer models to be applied to category learning data. Our framework uses a segmentation/clustering technique specifically tailored to suit category learning data. We applied this technique to a well-known transfer model, the Generalized Context Model, in three novel experiments that manipulated ordinal effects in category learning. The difference in performance across the three contexts, as well as the benefit of the rule-based order observed in two out of three experiments, were mostly detected by the segmentation/clustering method. Furthermore, the analysis of the segmentation/clustering outputs using the backward learning curve revealed that participants’ performance suddenly improved, suggesting the detection of an “eureka” moment. Our adjusted segmentation/clustering framework allows transfer models to fit learning data while capturing relevant patterns.

PMID:37470953 | DOI:10.3758/s13428-023-02166-6

Inflammation. 2023 Jul 20. doi: 10.1007/s10753-023-01852-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Polygallic acid (PGAL) has been used in vitro to protect synoviocytes from monosodium urate (MSU) crystals due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, MSU crystals can also activate other cells of the synovial fluid (SF). We studied the impact of PGAL on the phagocytosis of MSU crystals, inflammation, and oxidative stress using an in vitro model with SF leukocytes and THP-1 monocyte cells. SF leukocytes were stimulated with PGAL and MSU crystals, proinflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis were assessed. In THP-1 cells, the effect of PGAL on the phagocytosis of MSU crystals and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated. PGAL was added to THP-1 cultures 24 h before MSU crystal addition as a pre-treatment, and IL-1β was measured. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. PGAL (100 µg/mL) decreased phagocytosis in SF leukocytes by 14% compared to cells exposed to crystals without PGAL. In THP-1 cells, 100 and 200 µg/mL PGAL reduced phagocytosis by 17% and 15%, respectively. In SF cells, there was a tendency to decrease IL-1β and IL-6. In THP-1 cells, decreases in IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as a slight decrease in ROS, were identified. PGAL pre-treatment resulted in a reduction of IL-1β. PGAL inhibits MSU phagocytosis by exerting an anti-inflammatory effect on cells exposed to crystals. The use of PGAL before an acute attack of gout suggests an important protective factor to control the inflammation.

PMID:37470914 | DOI:10.1007/s10753-023-01852-z

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023 Jul 20;38(1):200. doi: 10.1007/s00384-023-04496-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preoperative inflammation might cause and also be a marker for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Available biomarker indices such as the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) or the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) may be clinically useful for leakage assessment.

METHODS: Patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer during 2014-2018 from a multicentre retrospective cohort were included. Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer registry and chart review at each hospital were collected. In a subset of patients, preoperative laboratory assessments were available, constituting the exposures mGPS and CAR. Anastomotic leakage within 12 months was the outcome. Causally oriented analyses were conducted with adjustment for confounding, as well as predictive models.

RESULTS: A total of 418 patients were eligible for analysis. Most patients had mGPS = 0 (84.7%), while mGPS = 1 (10.8%) and mGPS = 2 (4.5%) were less common. mGPS = 2 (OR: 4.11; 95% CI: 1.69-10.03) seemed to confer anastomotic leakage, while this was not seen for mGPS = 1 (OR 1.09; 95% CI: 0.53-2.25). A cut off point of CAR > 0.36 might be indicative of leakage (OR 2.25; 95% CI: 1.21-4.19). Predictive modelling using mGPS rendered an area-under-the-curve of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67-0.79) at most.

DISCUSSION: Preoperative inflammation seems to be involved in the development of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for cancer. Inclusion into prediction models did not result in accurate leakage prediction, but high degrees of systemic inflammation might still be important in clinical decision-making.

PMID:37470911 | DOI:10.1007/s00384-023-04496-5

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023 Jul 20;38(1):199. doi: 10.1007/s00384-023-04494-7.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Previous studies have suggested that coffee may shorten the postoperative ileus period. We sought to evaluate the impact of both coffee and caffeine on shortening the return of postoperative bowel function following minimally invasive colectomy.

METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in a tertiary hospital. Patients undergoing an elective robotic or laparoscopic small or large bowel operation were included in this study. Patients were randomized into one of three groups: warm water, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeinated coffee. Subjects were assigned to drink a 4-oz cup three times daily starting on postoperative day one. The primary endpoint was time to first bowel movement. Secondary endpoints included time to first flatus, length of hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity.

RESULTS: A total of 99 patients were included in this study: 31 warm water, 31 decaffeinated coffee, and 37 caffeinated coffee. The groups were similar in age and sex (p = 0.51 and 0.91, respectively). Mean (SD) time to the first bowel movement in days was 2.94 (1.4), 2.58 (1.2), and 2.86 (1.3), respectively (p = 0.53). There were no significant differences observed in postoperative morbidity (p = 0.52) between groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between any interventions and time to first bowel movement or length of hospital stay.

CONCLUSIONS: Coffee (caffeinated or decaffeinated) does not expedite the return of bowel function following minimally invasive operation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://classic.

CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/NCT02639728 NCT02639728.

PMID:37470901 | DOI:10.1007/s00384-023-04494-7

Eur J Popul. 2023 Jul 20;39(1):25. doi: 10.1007/s10680-023-09668-1.

ABSTRACT

In this article, we analyse the relationship between union instability and cumulated fertility among ever-partnered women in several regions across Europe and the Americas with different patterns of demographic behaviour in terms of fertility levels, union instability and fertility across partnerships. We hypothesise that the relationship between union dissolution and fertility might be less negative in contexts where repartnering is more prevalent. The analysis is performed on a large dataset of 25 countries, combining information from the Harmonised Histories of the Generation and Gender Programme with our own harmonisation of survey data from three Latin American countries. This allows for the inclusion of countries with differing prevalence of union instability as measured by (a) the proportion of women who separated by age 40, and (b) the proportion who repartnered by age 40. We first examine the prevalence of separation and repartnering during reproductive ages across regions, and we estimate the proportion of cumulated fertility attributable to unions of different ranks using a decomposition method. We then analyse the links between union instability and the number of children born by age 40 among ever-partnered and ever-repartnered women, using Poisson regression. Despite observing a high degree of heterogeneity in the proportions of births occurring in the context of repartnering both within and between regions, we find a pattern where a greater prevalence of repartnering by age 40 is accompanied by higher cumulated fertility in second or subsequent unions. Our multivariate findings reveal a negative statistical relationship between separation and cumulated fertility that is partially offset by repartnering in some contexts, and that the time spent in a union during the reproductive lifespan is a key determinant of cumulated fertility, regardless of national context and independently from age at union formation and union rank.

PMID:37470875 | DOI:10.1007/s10680-023-09668-1

Psicol Reflex Crit. 2023 Jul 20;36(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s41155-023-00260-4.

ABSTRACT

Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is a central predictor of distinct phenomena such as prejudice, voting behavior, corruption, conspiratory beliefs and dietary habits. Given its theoretical and practical relevance, researchers have incorporated RWA measures in large-scale surveys but their length can be an impediment. Although short RWA scales exist, none consider the cultural variability of the RWA structure in non-WEIRD contexts such as Brazil. Here, we report data from five cross-sectional and longitudinal Brazilian samples (N_total = 2,493) used to develop a short RWA version that considers cross-cultural specificities of the Brazilian context, where an alternative four-factor model was observed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a four-factor structure comprising Authoritarianism, Traditionalism, Submission to Authority and Contestation to Authority dimensions. Six-month longitudinal results indicated that Authoritarianism and Traditionalism are more stable than both Submission and Contestation to Authority. Correlations between these dimensions and right-wing political self-categorization were statistically equivalent for the full 34-item RWA scale version and the new 12-item version. Results confirm the psychometric properties of the four-factor, 12-item RWA scale in this cultural context.

PMID:37470848 | DOI:10.1186/s41155-023-00260-4

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 20. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02260-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There might be differential characteristics between those who have attempted suicide once in their lifetime (single attempters) and those who have attempted suicide two or more times (multiple attempters). We aimed to identify the factors that differentiate single and multiple attempters in child and adolescents. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. We conducted a systematic literature search in three databases to identify original studies exploring the characteristics of single attempters vs. multiple attempters among adolescents. We considered a wide range for the definition of adolescent, following most recent recommendations: 10-24 years. We carried out a meta-analysis. Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis with a total sample of with a total of 4286 participants. The factors statistically significantly associated with being a multiple attempter in the meta-analysis were: anxiety disorders, depression severity, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, aggressiveness, and hopelessness. Multiple attempters have a more severe clinical profile, with greater severity of symptoms. Knowledge of the risk factors associated with being a multiple attempter could help us to predict which patients are more likely to reattempt suicide and need further monitoring and a tailored treatment. Prevention programs tailored for the adolescent population, along with identification of early risk factors, could help to prevent suicidal behavior among this vulnerable population.

PMID:37470845 | DOI:10.1007/s00787-023-02260-2

Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jul 20;195(8):973. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11579-x.

ABSTRACT

Using an integrated analytical hierarchy process, remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, the current study aims to map and identify the potential groundwater zones of Kurukshetra District of Haryana, which is located in the Ghaggar and Upper Yamuna Basins in India. This is done in the context of a significant change in the use of groundwater pattern, with respect to its continuously increasing demand due to the growing population, expansion of area under irrigation and related economic factors. The amount and quality of groundwater are anticipated to be impacted by anthropogenic activities as well as natural factors such as geomorphology, soil type, lithology and rainfall variance owing to a changing climatic scenario. The potential index of groundwater for this study was calculated by using nine important factors, including geomorphology, rainfall, soil type, depth to groundwater level, lithology, land use land cover, normalized difference vegetation index, cumulative sand thickness and elevation. The integration of multiple thematic layers was accomplished using the overlay weighted method to generate a potential groundwater zonation map and the accuracy of the resulting map was validated against a groundwater resource potential map. Statistical measures demonstrate an 82% agreement between the two maps, indicating a high level of concurrence. Accordingly, three groundwater zones of good, average and bad potential have been identified in the study area. In the current study, a process that combines weighted ranking with spatial data transformation and harmonization has been developed to obtain information for accurate decision-making. The results accruing from this research have significant ramifications for creating regional sustainable groundwater management plans.

PMID:37470843 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-023-11579-x

Elife. 2023 Jul 20;12:RP85596. doi: 10.7554/eLife.85596.

ABSTRACT

The degradation of sperm-borne mitochondria after fertilization is a conserved event. This process known as post-fertilization sperm mitophagy, ensures exclusively maternal inheritance of the mitochondria-harbored mitochondrial DNA genome. This mitochondrial degradation is in part carried out by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In mammals, ubiquitin-binding pro-autophagic receptors such as SQSTM1 and GABARAP have also been shown to contribute to sperm mitophagy. These systems work in concert to ensure the timely degradation of the sperm-borne mitochondria after fertilization. We hypothesize that other receptors, cofactors, and substrates are involved in post-fertilization mitophagy. Mass spectrometry was used in conjunction with a porcine cell-free system to identify other autophagic cofactors involved in post-fertilization sperm mitophagy. This porcine cell-free system is able to recapitulate early fertilization proteomic interactions. Altogether, 185 proteins were identified as statistically different between control and cell-free-treated spermatozoa. Six of these proteins were further investigated, including MVP, PSMG2, PSMA3, FUNDC2, SAMM50, and BAG5. These proteins were phenotyped using porcine in vitro fertilization, cell imaging, proteomics, and the porcine cell-free system. The present data confirms the involvement of known mitophagy determinants in the regulation of mitochondrial inheritance and provides a master list of candidate mitophagy co-factors to validate in the future hypothesis-driven studies.

PMID:37470242 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.85596