Tag: pubmed

J Dent. 2023 Jul 15:104623. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104623. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microstructural, elemental and mechanical properties of contemporary CAD/CAM resin based composite (RBC) materials.

METHODS: Six CAD/CAM RBC materials [Brilliant CRIOS (Coltene Whaledent AG), Cerasmart (GC), Lava Ultimate (3M ESPE), Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent), Shofu Block HC (Shofu), Grandio Blocs (VOCO GmbH)] were tested. Ten CAD/CAM rectangular blocks (14 Χ 12 Χ 18 mm) for each material, after metallographic grinding and polishing, were subjected to Instrumented Indentation Testing (ΙIT). Martens Hardness (HM), Indentation Elastic Modulus (E_IT), Elastic (η_IT) and Creep indices (C_IT) were determined according to formulas provided by ISO 14577. The diagonal length of each indentation was measured and HV was determined. The results of HM, E_IT, η_ΙΤ, HV, and C_IT were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test employing the material as a discriminating variable (a=0.05), while the possible correlations were determined by Spearman’s correlation test. One specimen from each group was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

RESULTS: SEM images and EDX analysis demonstrated differences in size, shape and type of fillers along with elemental composition among materials tested. Statistical significant differences were identified for all mechanical properties tested. Grandio Blocs had the significantly higher HM (953±7 N/mm²), HV (136±1) and E_IT (23±1 GPa) followed by Lava Ultimate (ΗM=674±25 N/mm², HV=105±2, E_IT=15±1 GPa). Elastic index ranged from 41% to 52%, with Shofu Block demonstrating the significantly highest η_IT (52 ± 1%) values. Cerasmart had significantly higher C_IT value (8.4±0.1%) than all other materials tested, while Grandio Blocs and Lava Ultimate had the lowest ones. Spearman’s correlation revealed that all mechanical properties tested exhibited correlations with each other, apart from η_ΙΤ.

CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the CAD/CAM materials tested have differences in their microstructure, elemental composition and mechanical properties.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The RBCs tested showed significant differences in mechanical properties and thus differences in clinical performance are anticipated. RBCs with increased filler loading had the most favorable combination of hardness, elastic modulus and creep index indicating that these materials may have better clinical performance under intraoral loading conditions.

PMID:37459951 | DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104623

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023 Jul 15:103712. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103712. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare objective refractive errors and keratometry measurements obtained using the Nidek OPD-Scan II aberrometer/topographer and Topcon KR 8900 autorefractokeratometer.

METHODS: A total of 176 right eyes of 176 patients aged 18-35 years who were admitted to our clinic as refractive surgery candidates were tested for refractive status and keratometry measurements with a Nidek OPD-Scan II aberrometer/topographer and a standard tabletop autorefractokeratometer (Topcon KR 8900) before the induction of cycloplegia. Patients who had undergone eye surgery and had hereditary, ectatic, or acquired corneal pathology were excluded. Refractive data were compared as spheres, cylinders, spherical equivalents, and power vectors before and after the induction of cycloplegia. Flat and steep keratometry readings were recorded in diopters (D) and axis degrees, respectively, for each eye.

RESULTS: The spherical, cylindrical, spherical equivalence, J0-J45 vector values and K1-K2 readings (D, axis) between the two devices were statistically significant before and after the induction of cycloplegia (p<0.05). Bland-Altman analysis identified mean differences (95%CI of limits of agreement) of 0.77 (-0,57 to 2,11) in sphere, 0.74 (-0,54 to 2,01) in spherical equivalent, -0,07 (-0,41 to 0,26) in J0 vector, 0,06 (-0,31 to 0,43) in J45 vector, -0,16 (-0,66 to 0,33) in K1, -0,23 (-0,79 to 0,33) in K2 values before induction of cycloplegia.

CONCLUSION: The refractive and keratometry results of the Nidek OPD Scan II system and Topcon KR 8900 standard table-top autorefractokeratometer are not interchangeable in healthy adult population before and after induction of cycloplegia.

PMID:37459941 | DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103712

Chemosphere. 2023 Jul 15:139509. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139509. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology (RSM) is an effective tool for process optimization with multi-complex operational factors. The present work aims to model and optimize the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) parameters of Reactive Red 195 (RR195) dye decoloration with the SiO₂-supported Fe-Co catalyst (FCS) derived from a novel catalyst synthesis method, fluidized-bed crystallization (FBC) process, using Box-Behnken design (BBD) as the RSM statistical model. The Fe-Co@SiO₂ catalyst was successfully fabricated using the FBC process, and it showed good catalytic activity and performance toward the degradation of RR195. The extent of the effects of pH, H₂O₂ dosage (HD), catalyst loading (CL), and operating time (t) on the decoloration of RR195 was studied. Hence, the order of variable significance follows the sequence: pH > t > CL > HD. pH has the most significant effect among the variables for RR195 decoloration. The decoloration efficiency predicted by the BBD model was 88.3% under the optimized operation conditions of initial pH of 3.15, 0.76 mM H₂O₂, 1.18 g L^-1 FCS and 59.4 min of operating time. The actual decoloration efficiency was very close to the predicted value indicating that BBD can efficiently be utilized to optimize RR195 degradation with FCS under the PCO system.

PMID:37459934 | DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139509

Chemosphere. 2023 Jul 15:139530. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139530. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Micro/nanomotors that can promote mass transport have attracted more and more research concern in the photocatalysis field. Here we first report a newly-designed hierarchical α-Fe₂O₃/ZnFe₂O₄/Mn₂O₃ magnetic micromotor as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The resulting three-dimensional (3D) flower-like hollow Janus micromotors are fabricated through a green and scalable strategy, in which each component has different functions. ZnFe₂O₄ microspheres serve as a magnetic scaffold for the nucleation and growth of α-Fe₂O₃ nanosheets and for the recycling of the micromachine. α-Fe₂O₃ nanosheets have shown great potential as an ideal semiconductor material for the photocatalytic decontamination of pollutants. Mn₂O₃ nanoparticles are mainly utilized as a catalyst to produce O₂ bubbles to propel the autonomic movement of the micromotors in the presence of H₂O₂ fuel and also as a Fenton-like catalyst to decompose H₂O₂ to generate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the resultant micromotors exhibited linear-like motion form with an average speed of 189.1 μm s^-1 in 5 wt% H₂O₂ solution. Moreover, the self-driven micromotors exhibited a superior catalytic degradation property toward MB, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of heterogeneous photocatalyst and the boosted micro-mixing and mass transfer caused by the vigorous motion of the micro-actuator. The possible degradation intermediates and passways of MB by α-Fe₂O₃/ZnFe₂O₄/Mn₂O₃ micromotor were identified with time of flight mass spectroscopy (TOF-MS). The 3D Janus micromotors have the potential to be used as a high-efficiency and active heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.

PMID:37459924 | DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139530

Ophthalmol Retina. 2023 Jul 15:S2468-6530(23)00312-3. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.07.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess real-world primary anatomic reattachment rate and postoperative visual acuity outcomes in patients aged 75 years or older who underwent pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study.

SUBJECTS: Patients aged 75 years or older with primary RRD undergoing PnR.

METHODS: This study evaluates real-world outcomes from Oct 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022, of eligible patients with a minimum of 3 months follow-up. There were no limitations with respect to the number, size or location of retinal breaks. Exclusion criteria included significant proliferative vitreoretinopathy or previous retinal detachment repair in the index eye, inability to maintain the postoperative posturing requirements (such as physical disability), very inferior breaks below 5 or 7 o’clock) or inability to carry out adequate examination of the peripheral retina due to media opacity. Lens status did not impact decision to offer PnR.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PnR primary anatomic reattachment rate and postoperative visual acuity (VA) at 3 months.

RESULTS: 80 patients with a mean age of 80.6±4.6 years were included in this study. 35% (28) were phakic, and 34% (27) presented with a fovea-on RRD. The mean number of breaks in the detached retina was 1.52±1.13, and the mean number of quadrants of detached retina was 2.35±0.93. The primary anatomic reattachment rate at 3 months following PnR was 78.8% (63/80), while the remaining 21.2% (17/80) failed PnR and underwent an operating room procedure. There was a statistically significant improvement in LogMAR VA from baseline to 3 months (1.29±0.94 and 0.69±0.67, respectively, p<0.001). A subgroup analysis that only included patients above the age of 80 was also performed, with a total of 39 patients with a mean age of 84.4±3.5 years. Primary anatomic reattachment rate with PnR in this subgroup was 74.4% (29/39) with a statistically significant improvement in LogMAR VA from baseline to 3 months (1.4±1.05 and 0.77±0.70, respectively, p=0.004).

CONCLUSION: Patients aged 75 years and above or aged 80 years and above treated with PnR for primary RRD had primary anatomic reattachment rates of 78.8% and 74.4%, respectively. These are relatively comparable primary reattachment rates in this age group with other surgical techniques such as pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckle (SB) or PPV/SB. Pneumatic retinopexy is an effective, minimally invasive office-based procedure which may be desirable for some elderly patients.

PMID:37459912 | DOI:10.1016/j.oret.2023.07.010

Lancet Healthy Longev. 2023 Jul 14:S2666-7568(23)00098-3. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00098-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous population-based, longitudinal studies have shown that delirium is associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are largely unknown. We aimed to assess the effects of delirium on both cognitive trajectories and any neuronal injury, measured via neurofilament light chain (NfL).

METHODS: In this analysis of a prospective, 2-year follow-up, cohort study of participants aged 65 years or older living in Sandefjord municipality, Norway, we included cohort participants who were receiving domiciliary care services at least once per week between May 12, 2015, and July 8, 2016. Individuals with a life expectancy of less than 1 week, with Lewy body dementia, with psychiatric illness (except dementia), or for whom substance misuse was the principal indication for domiciliary services were excluded. Participants had a comprehensive assessment at 6-month intervals for 2 years, which included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a blood sample for NfL to measure neuronal injury. All information on clinical diagnoses and medications were cross-referenced with medical records. During any acute change in mental status or hospitalisation (ie, admission to hospital), participants were assessed once per day for delirium with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition criteria. We also measured NfL from blood samples taken from participants who were acutely hospitalised.

FINDINGS: Between May 12, 2015, and July 8, 2016, 210 participants were eligible for inclusion and assessed at baseline (138 [66%] of whom were female and 72 [34%] of whom were male), 203 completed cognitive assessment, and 141 were followed up for 2 years. 160 (76%) of 210 had moderate or severe frailty and 112 (53%) were living with dementia. During the 2-year follow-up, 89 (42%) of 210 participants were diagnosed with one or more episodes of delirium. Incident delirium was independently associated with a decrease in MoCA score at the next 6-month follow-up, even after adjustment for age, sex, education, previous MoCA score, and frailty (adjusted mean difference -1·5, 95% CI -2·9 to -0·1). We found an interaction between previous MoCA score and delirium (β -0.254, 95% CI -0·441 to -0·066, p=0·010.), with the largest decline being observed in people with better baseline cognition. Participants with delirium and good previous cognitive function and participants with a high peak concentration of NfL during any hospitalisation had increased NfL at the next 6-month follow-up. Mediation analyses showed independent pathways from previous MoCA score to follow-up MoCA score with contributions from incident delirium (-1·7, 95% CI -2·8 to -0·6) and from previous NfL to follow-up MoCA score with contributions from acute NfL concentrations (-1·8, -2·5 to -1·1). Delirium was directly linked with a predicted value of 1·2 pg/mL (95% CI 1·02 to 1·40, p=0·029) increase in NfL.

INTERPRETATION: In people aged 65 years or older, an episode of delirium was associated with a decline in MoCA score. Greater neuronal injury during acute illness and delirium, measured by NfL, was associated with greater cognitive decline. For clinicians, our finding of delirium associated with both signs of acute neuronal injury, measured via NfL, and cognitive decline is important regarding the risk of long-term cognitive deterioration and to acknowledge that delirium is harmful for the brain.

FUNDING: South-Eastern Norway Health Authorities, Old Age Psychiatry Research Network, Telemark Hospital Trust, Vestfold Hospital Trust, and Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health.

TRANSLATION: For the Norwegian translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

PMID:37459878 | DOI:10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00098-3

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2023 Jul 17. doi: 10.1111/clr.14130. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of 3-mm high abutments with different shapes (cylindrical abutment vs. wide abutment) on marginal bone-level changes (bone loss and bone remodeling). The influence of abutment shape on implant success, probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BoP) was studied as secondary objectives.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a partially edentulous area requiring fixed dental prostheses by two implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla were included. The implants were 1 mm subcrestally placed, and osseointegration healing was submerged. Three-mm high abutments with two different shapes were randomly placed in second-stage surgery: cylindrical abutments (cylindrical group) and wide abutments (wide group). Marginal bone-level changes were measured using parallelized periapical radiographs at abutment placement, at definitive prosthesis placement, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after loading. PPD and BoP were likewise measured at the control visits.

RESULTS: Sixty-four dental implants in 25 patients were included. Statistically significant differences were found in bone-level changes. The cylindrical group exhibited less mean marginal bone remodeling (MBR) and marginal bone loss (MBL) than the wide group (p < .05). Moreover, the cylindrical group showed significantly less BoP (p < .05).

CONCLUSION: Abutment shape had a significant influence upon marginal bone-level changes during the first 12 months. Cylindrical abutments caused less MBR and MBL than wide abutments. More clinical studies involving longer follow-ups and analyzing other abutment modifications are needed to improve our understanding of how abutments can affect peri-implant tissue stability.

PMID:37461127 | DOI:10.1111/clr.14130

J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2023 Jul 17. doi: 10.1111/jog.15746. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine whether maternal serum haptoglobin values could have an effect on predicting diagnosis and neonatal outcomes in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred sixteen pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. To evaluate whether serum haptoglobin level in maternal blood could be used in early diagnosis of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, 49 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 13 pregnant women diagnosed with HELLP syndrome were included in the study group, and 54 healthy pregnant women in the control group. The groups were compared regarding maternal serum haptoglobin level, platelet count, ALT, AST, LDH, and uric acid levels. Moreover, the age, obstetric histories, and newborn outcomes of all pregnant women were recorded and compared between groups.

RESULTS: The mean haptoglobin values were 0.29 ± 0.23 g/L in the HELLP syndrome group, 1.01 ± 0.52 g/L in the preeclampsia group, and 1.16 ± 0.37 g/L in the control group. The mean haptoglobin result was lower in the HELLP syndrome group compared to the preeclampsia and control groups (p < 0.001). While the differences between HELLP syndrome and the control and preeclampsia groups were statistically significant, no significant difference was determined between the preeclampsia and control groups. There was a significant positive correlation between haptoglobin value with the week of delivery, umbilical cord pH value, and the first and fifth-minute Apgar scores (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that haptoglobin values could be used together with other biochemical parameters to diagnose HELLP syndrome and predict newborn outcomes.

PMID:37461123 | DOI:10.1111/jog.15746

Arch Public Health. 2023 Jul 17;81(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s13690-023-01149-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hospital cleaners are the unsung heroes in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of hospital cleaners towards COVID-19 and determine factors associated with good practices.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lebanon between the 1st and 14th November 2020. Using a snowball sampling technique, data were collected through an online survey that was sent to governmental and private hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics and KAP of hospital cleaners towards COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 453 cleaners completed the survey, of whom 54.3% were females. Most participants had a good level of COVID-19 knowledge (98%) and good preventive practices (89.7%). Regarding attitude, 90.7% had a positive attitude toward health facilities, 78.8% toward cleaning and disinfection, and 73.5% toward health authorities. Sociodemographic characteristics, including younger age, higher levels of education, working in private hospitals, and having more than 3 years of experience, were positively associated with good preventive practices. Our results also showed that participants who had good knowledge about COVID-19, COVID-19 prevention and treatment, cleaning and disinfection processes, and COVID-19 risk factors had a higher likelihood of positive preventive practices. Finally, a positive attitude toward health facilities, health authorities, and cleaning and disinfection was positively associated with good practices.

CONCLUSION: The surveyed cleaners have a high level of knowledge and expressed positive attitudes toward health facilities and health authorities, as well as good preventive practices. Understanding the determinants of cleaning performance is critical in tailoring interventions to improve hospital cleaning.

PMID:37461121 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-023-01149-5

Blood Purif. 2023 Jul 17:1-7. doi: 10.1159/000531274. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common finding among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, especially those on dialysis. The recent introduction of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) has raised some concerns about the cardiovascular and thrombotic complications of this class of drugs.

OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety of HIF-PHIs in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) versus standard therapy with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).

METHODS: Databases were searched on April 2022. Studies that reported incidence of all-cause mortality; major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs); myocardial infarction (MI); stroke and thrombotic events in the use of HIF-PHIs or ESA on ESKD patients in hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were evaluated. Data were extracted from published reports, and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations.

RESULTS: 12,821 patients from ten randomized controlled trials were included in this study. Most patients (83%) were on hemodialysis. 6,461 (50.3%) were using HIF-PHIs, and 6,360 (49.6%) were in the ESA group. The pooled estimated incidence of all-cause mortality was 769 in the HIF-PHIs group (relative-risk ratios (RR): 1.04; confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.14; p = 0.52; I2 = 0%). There was no difference in the groups regarding the outcomes of MACE in the analysis of the three studies that reported this outcome (RR: 0.95; CI: 0.87-1.04; p = 0.69; I2 = 0%). In addition, there was no statistical difference among the outcomes of MI, stroke, or thrombotic events.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with ESKD on dialysis, the use of HIF-PHIs was non-inferior regarding the safety outcomes when compared to standard of care therapy.

PMID:37459846 | DOI:10.1159/000531274