Tag: pubmed

BMC Gastroenterol. 2025 Apr 11;25(1):247. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-03858-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Plasma lipid homeostasis is pivotal in maintaining intestinal health. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) as distinct subtypes, manifests unique metabolic signatures. However, the specific roles of lipids in the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of IBD remain inadequately explored. This study aims to delineate the genetic influences of plasma lipids on IBD risk.

METHODS: We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of lipidomes and IBD (including UC and CD) from published studies to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Outliers were removed using radial MR, followed by the application of the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to assess causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to validate the robustness of the primary results of the MR analyses. Additionally, reverse MR analyses were performed to evaluate the potential for reverse causality.

RESULTS: The MR analysis identified fourteen lipid species significantly associated with IBD, four with UC, and ten with CD. Phosphatidylcholine (PC; P < 0 .05) and lysophosphatidylcholine (OR = 0.83, P < 0.001) were instrumental in UC, while in CD, alongside these, cholesterol ester (OR = 0.86, P < 0.001), diacylglycerol (OR = 1.21, P = 0.004), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (OR = 1.30, P < 0.001) also demonstrated causal links. Reverse MR analysis revealed no significant associations between IBDs and 179 lipid species.

CONCLUSION: This bidirectional MR study has uncovered genetic evidence of a causal relationship between lipidome and IBD, identifying potential therapeutic targets for IBD treatment. The findings suggest that elevated partial phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol ester levels could reduce the risk of IBD, indicating a potential protective role for these lipid molecules. This study also underscores the critical role of lipidome variability in advancing our understanding of IBD’s pathogenic processes and in developing targeted therapies.

PMID:40217472 | DOI:10.1186/s12876-025-03858-3

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 11;25(1):534. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05810-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To compare the effect of deglazing and aging on biaxial flexural strength (FS) of high translucent (HT) zirconia.

METHODS: 40 disc-shaped specimens (12 × 1.2 mm) of HT zirconia (3Y-PSZ, Upcera HT) were sintered after milling, glazed(G) and randomly assigned equally into 4 experimental groups: G) glazing; G-A) glazing, aging; DG-A) deglazing, aging; and NG-A) non-glazing, aging. A sequence of three methods was used for aging; hydrothermal, pH-cycling, and load cycling. FS(flexural strength) of all specimens was measured and one specimen from each group underwent X-ray diffraction (XRD) for assessment of phase transformation (t-m). Distribution of data was evaluated using the Kolmogorov -Smirnov test, and with respect to the confidence interval of 95%, data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with statistical software (IBM SPSS Statisticsv20.0) to compare the mean flexural strength values among the 4 groups. When significant differences were found, the mean values were compared using Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: FS of glazed specimens (1092.78 ± 175.40 MPa^a) did not decrease after aging (1141.11 ± 117.43 MPa, P = 0.872^a). FS of DG-A (1338.22 ± 175.13 MPa^b) and NG-A (1320.44 ± 77.44 MPa^b) groups was significantly higher than that of G and GA groups (P < 0.005). XRD revealed monoclinic phase in DG-A (4.23%) and NG-A (7.63%) groups.

CONCLUSION: Loss of glaze layer and no glazing had no significant effect on FS of high translucent Y-PSZ after aging.

PMID:40217464 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-05810-z

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 11;25(1):544. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05849-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Residual root canal filling material might inhibit the efficacy of irrigation materials, medicaments and sealers during the endodontic non-surgical retreatment. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the XP Endo Retreatment file with other retreatment systems on removing the root canal filling materials by using Micro-CT during the endodontic retreatment.

METHODS: Sixty human mandibular molars with mesial root curvature between 20° and 40° were included in the study. Mesiobuccal canals of specimens were prepared with the ProTaper Next file and filled with gutta percha and AH Plus sealer. Samples were scanned with Micro-CT and they were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups. Root canal treatments were removed with the following systems. Group PTUR: Root canal filling was removed using ProTaper Universal Retreatment System. Group Rec25: Reciproc R25 file was used to remove the root canal filling. Group RE: Retreatment of specimens were performed using R-Endo Retreatment System. Group XPER: Root canal filling was removed using XP Endo Retreatment System. Group HF: Hand files and Gates Glidden burs was used to remove the root canal filling. The time (second) from the use of the first file to reach the WL (T1) and the time (second) to remove all obturation material (T2) were recorded. Micro-CT images were obtained from the samples after removing the root canal filling and the volume of the residual root canal filling was calculated. The data was statistically analyzed (P < 0.05).

RESULTS: The residual root canal filling volume and the percentage of residual root canal filling material (%) in the RE and Rec25 groups were statistically higher than the PTUR, XPER, and HF groups. T1 and T2 values were the highest in the HF and time values were the lowest in the XPER.

CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, all tested methods could not completely remove filling material from the root canal. PTUR, XPER, and HF removed the root canal filling more efficiently than Rec25, and RE. It was concluded that the XP-Endo group was the fastest retreatment system among the tested groups.

PMID:40217457 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-05849-y

Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2025 Apr 11;30(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s11658-025-00724-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor affecting pediatric and adolescent individuals. However, despite the passage of three decades, there has been no notable enhancement in the overall survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma. In recent years, CD155 has been reported to exhibit abnormal amplification in a range of tumors, yet the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of CD155 in osteosarcoma, and to identify drugs that specifically target this molecule, thereby offering a novel direction for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

METHODS: The prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma with high and low expression of CD155 was verified by immunohistochemistry. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation and drug resistance. Transwell experiments were used to detect cell migration and invasion. The sphere formation experiment was used to evaluate the stemness of tumor cells. Additionally, in vivo animal models were utilized to assess the functional role of CD155 in a biological context. RNA-seq and co-immunoprecipitation methods were used to search for downstream target molecules and signaling pathways of CD155. Finally, virtual screening was used to find drugs targeting CD155.

RESULTS: In this study, we have established the significant amplification of CD155 in osteosarcoma. Utilizing a comprehensive array of experimental methods, including CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and in vivo animal models, we unequivocally demonstrate that CD155 significantly potentiates the malignancy of osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, our findings reveal that CD155 promotes osteosarcoma stemness by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Advanced molecular techniques, such as RNA sequencing and co-immunoprecipitation, have been instrumental in elucidating the mechanism of CD155 in activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the SRC/AKT/GSK3β signaling axis, thereby enhancing the stem-cell-like properties of osteosarcoma cells. To explore targeted therapeutic options, we conducted virtual screening and identified troxerutin as a promising CD155 inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that troxerutin effectively inhibits CD155, attenuates the SRC/AKT/GSK3β signaling cascade, diminishes the nuclear localization of β-catenin, and consequently mitigates osteosarcoma stemness. These discoveries position troxerutin as a promising candidate for targeted osteosarcoma therapy.

PMID:40217455 | DOI:10.1186/s11658-025-00724-8

BMC Public Health. 2025 Apr 11;25(1):1369. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22362-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Disasters represent significant public health challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations. In the Republic of Korea, both natural and man-made disasters, exacerbated by urbanization and socioeconomic disparities, have exposed weaknesses in disaster preparedness and public health resilience. This scoping review examines health outcomes and associated risk factors from past disasters in Korea.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, DBpia, KISS, and RISS databases for studies published between April 2004 and April 2022, following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Eighty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach to distinguish direct and indirect health effects. Key outcomes were categorized into socioeconomic, physical, mental, social, and environmental risk factors.

RESULTS: Among the 83 reviewed studies, natural disasters accounted for 50.6% of the total, man-made disasters for 22.9%, and mass trauma events for 26.5%. Most studies (78.3%) focused on disaster survivors, with cross-sectional designs predominating (90.4%). Approximately half (51.8%) of the studies used primary data, with the remainder being based on secondary sources. Regression was the most common method for statistical analysis (75.9%). Frequently reported direct health outcomes included physical injuries such as fractures, burns, and respiratory issues, along with mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Natural disasters were particularly associated with physical injuries, while both natural and man-made disasters had a significant impact on mental health. Vulnerable groups-older adults, women, unmarried individuals, and those with lower socioeconomic status-faced disproportionate higher risk for both physical and mental health. Indirect health impacts such as heightened anxiety, emotional distress, and weakened social cohesion were common in economically disadvantaged and disaster-prone communities, in which recovery was further hindered due to limited access to healthcare and support services.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for strategies aimed at disaster risk reduction that prioritize health equity, integrate mental health services, and address environmental vulnerabilities. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to track evolving health outcomes.

PMID:40217450 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-22362-7

J Act Sedentary Sleep Behav. 2023 Aug 1;2(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s44167-023-00025-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies to date that investigate combined impacts of health behaviors, have rarely examined device-based movement behaviors alongside other health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol, and sleep, on cardiometabolic health markers. The aim of this study was to identify distinct classes based on device-assessed movement behaviors (prolonged sitting, standing, stepping, and sleeping) and self-reported health behaviors (diet quality, alcohol consumption, and smoking status), and assess associations with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults.

METHODS: The present study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen (MCR) Study (2015-2017). In total, 1,378 older adults (aged 55-74 years) participated in the study, of whom 355 with valid activPAL3 Micro data were included in the analytical sample. Seven health behaviors (prolonged sitting, standing, stepping, sleep, diet quality, alcohol consumption, and smoking status) were included in a latent class analysis to identify groups of participants based on their distinct health behaviors. One-class through to six-class solutions were obtained and the best fit solution (i.e., optimal number of classes) was identified using a combination of best fit statistics (e.g., log likelihood, Akaike’s information criteria) and interpretability of classes. Linear regression models were used to test associations of the derived classes with cardiometabolic health markers, including body mass index, body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

RESULTS: In total, 355 participants (89% of participants who were given the activPAL3 Micro) were included in the latent class analysis. Mean participant ages was 64.7 years and 45% were female. Two distinct classes were identified: “Healthy time-users” and “Unhealthy time-users”. These groups differed in their movement behaviors, including physical activity, prolonged sitting, and sleep. However, smoking, nutrition, and alcohol intake habits among both groups were similar. Overall, no clear associations were observed between the derived classes and cardiometabolic risk markers.

DISCUSSION: Despite having similar cardiometabolic health, two distinct clusters were identified, with differences in key behaviors such as prolonged sitting, stepping, and sleeping. This is suggestive of a complex interplay between many lifestyle behaviors, whereby one specific behavior alone cannot determine an individual’s health status. Improving the identification of the relation of multiple risk factors with health is imperative, so that effective and targeted interventions for improving health in older adults can be designed and implemented.

PMID:40217447 | DOI:10.1186/s44167-023-00025-5

J Act Sedentary Sleep Behav. 2024 Jun 13;3(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s44167-024-00053-9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Traditional intensity-based physical activity measures and variable-centered statistics may not fully capture the complex associations between sitting time, physical activity, and obesity indices. This study investigates the associations between device-measured sitting, standing and different modes of physical activity (i.e., slow walking, brisk-walking, cycling and high-intensity activity) and measured body mass index (BMI) in children using person-based latent profile analyses and Partial Least Squared-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

METHODS: A total of 344 children (11.5 ± 0.81 years, boys n = 139) wore a triaxial accelerometer (Fibion®) on their thigh for eight days, and their weight and height were measured at school. Latent profile analysis formed profiles including BMI, total sitting time, and physical activities, and their associations were further studied with PLS-SEM.

RESULTS: The latent profile analysis indicates that high levels of physical activity always coincide with low sitting time. Both normal weight and overweight/obesity can coexist with low physical activity and prolonged sitting. The PLS-SEM results highlight a cascade-like sequence in the relationship between various types of physical activity, sitting time, and BMI. This sequence begins with light-intensity activities, such as standing, progresses to higher-intensity activities, and ultimately through reduced sitting time (sample mean= -0.01; effect size = 0.0001; p = 0.02), mediates a decline in BMI (sample mean= -0.06; effect size = 0.0036; p = 0.01). The most positive effects on sitting time and BMI occur when this pattern is adhered to consistently, suggesting that omitting steps could negatively impact the associations.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that persuading children to increase physical activity incrementally, starting from low-intensity activities such as standing and slow walking to activity types with higher intensities, possibly influence BMI by mediating reduced sitting time. This approach is particularly inclusive for overweight and obese children, taking into account the potential challenges they may encounter when performing activity types with high intensity. These cross-sectional associations need to be verified with longitudinal and experimental designs.

PMID:40217444 | DOI:10.1186/s44167-024-00053-9

J Act Sedentary Sleep Behav. 2025 Jan 9;4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s44167-024-00071-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While recent studies, primarily among Asian cohorts, have linked adherence to 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines with improved mental health-some of which show sex differences-few studies have explored these relationships among older adults from the United States.

METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011-2018 were examined in 2,812 older adults (≥ 65years). Those considered adherent to 24-HMB guidelines had a sleep duration of 7-8 h./night, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ≥ 150 min/wk., and sedentary behavior (SB) < 8 h./day. Sleep duration, SB, and MVPA were self-reported, with SB and MVPA obtained from the validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score of ≥ 10 indicating depression. Logistic regression was used to evaluate overall and sex-stratified associations between non-adherence to all three behaviors, combinations of two behaviors, or individual behavior guidelines, with odds of depression, adjusted for putative confounders.

RESULTS: Among the full sample, non-adherence to all three 24-HMB guidelines was associated with 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.1, 3.1; p = 0.02] higher odds of depression versus those that adhered to all three behaviors. After sex stratification, the association only persisted among males [OR = 2.5 (95% CI:1.1, 5.4); p = 0.02]. Within the overall sample, higher odds of depression were observed for those who did not adhere to the SB + sleep duration guidelines and the sleep duration + MVPA guidelines. Sex-stratified findings revealed that associations only remained significant in males. While in the overall sample of older adults, non-adherence to the sleep duration guideline was associated with 2.1 (95% CI:1.4, 3.3; p = 0.001) higher odds of depression compared to those that adhered to the guideline.

CONCLUSIONS: Results provide evidence of associations between non-adherence to 24-HMB and higher odds of depression, specifically in older males, suggesting a potential sex-specific effect that warrants further investigation. Future studies using longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

PMID:40217442 | DOI:10.1186/s44167-024-00071-7

J Act Sedentary Sleep Behav. 2024 Jul 5;3(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s44167-024-00056-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24 H-MG) has been associated with a reduced risk of developing various chronic conditions. However, its association with frailty and all-cause mortality has not been investigated. Therefore, our primary and secondary objective was to investigate the association between adherence to the 24 H-MG and frailty and mortality, respectively.

METHODS: This study included 2739 individuals (age = 50.6 ± 18.1 years; male = 1370 (50.0%)) from the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Frailty was quantified with a 46-item frailty index and analyzed cross-sectionally using linear regression. All-cause mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index and was analyzed prospectively over 10 years using Cox regression. The primary exposure variable was six individual and combined 24 H-MG components including the moderated-to-vigorous physical activity, light physical activity, sedentary time, recreational screen time, sleep, and strength training guidelines. All analyses were stratified into two age groups (younger: 20-64 and older adults 65 + years).

RESULTS: Our cross-sectional analyses demonstrated an inverse dose-response relationship between the number of individual 24 H-MG components met and frailty level in adults aged 20-64 (β = -0.439 (95% C.I. = -0.551:-0.328)) and 65+ (β = -0.322 (95% C.I. = -0.490:-0.154)). Of the individual guideline components, following the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guideline in individuals aged 20-64 and the recreational screen time guideline in adults aged 65 + was associated with lower frailty (p < 0.001). There was no clear prospective relationship between adherence to the combined 24 H-MG and mortality. Of the individual guideline components, only meeting the MVPA guideline component in the 65 + group was prospectively associated with reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.48 (95% C.I. = 0.25-0.93)).

CONCLUSION: Adherence to the Canadian 24 H-MG may be protective against frailty. Increasing MVPA and decreasing recreational screen time may be important behaviors to consider for frailty prevention and should be investigated further.

PMID:40217427 | DOI:10.1186/s44167-024-00056-6

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Mar 28;134(12):127101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.127101.

ABSTRACT

The study of first passage time for diffusing particles reaching target states is foundational in various practical applications, including diffusion-controlled reactions. In large systems, first passage times statistics exhibit a biscaling behavior, challenging the use of a single timescale. In this work, we present a biscaling theory for the probability density function of first passage times in confined compact processes, applicable to both Euclidean and fractal domains and for diverse geometries. Our theory employs two distinct scaling functions: one for short times, capturing initial dynamics in unbounded systems, and the other for long times, which is sensitive to finite size effects. The combined framework is argued to provide a complete expression for first passage time statistics across all timescales. As our detailed calculations show, the theory describes various scenarios with and without external force fields, for active and thermal settings, and in the presence of resetting when a nonequilibrium steady state emerges.

PMID:40215509 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.127101