Tag: pubmed

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28755. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The bone marrow (BM) evaluation of acute leukemia (AL) mainly depends on invasive BM puncture biopsy. Noninvasive and accurate MR examination technology has potential clinical application value in the BM evaluation of AL patients. Multi-gradient-echo (MGRE) has been found useful to evaluate changes in BM fat and iron content, but has not yet been applied in AL.

PURPOSE: To explore the diagnostic capability of BM infiltration of quantitative BM fat fraction (FF) and R2* values obtained from a 3D MGRE sequence in children with primary AL.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

POPULATION/SUBJECTS: Sixty-two pediatric patients with untreated AL and 68 healthy volunteers. AL patients were divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 39) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 23) groups.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3T, 3D chemical-shift-encoded multi-gradient-echo, T1WI, T2WI, T2_STIR.

ASSESSMENT: BM FF and R2* values were assessed by manually drawing regions of interest at the L3, L4, ilium, and 1 cm below the bilateral trochanter of the femur (upper femur).

STATISTICAL TESTS: Independent sample t-tests, variance analysis, Spearman correlation.

RESULTS: BM FF and R2* at L3, L4, ilium, and upper femur, FF_total and R2*_total were significantly lower in the AL than control group. BM FF did not significantly differ between ALL and AML groups (P_L3 = 0.060, P_L4 = 0.086, P_ilium = 0.179, P_{upper femur} = 0.149, and P_totle = 0.097, respectively). The R2* was significantly lower in ALL group than AML group for L3, L4, and R2*_total . BM FF was moderately positively correlated with R2* in ALL group, and strongly positively correlated in AML group. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves showed that BM FF had higher AUC in AL, ALL, and AML (all AUC = 1.000) than R2* (0.976, 0.996, and 0.941, respectively).

DATA CONCLUSION: MGRE-MRI mapping can be applied to measure BM FF and R2* values, and help evaluate BM infiltration and iron storage in children with AL.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 Technical Efficacy: 2.

PMID:37154163 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28755

Behav Brain Sci. 2023 May 8;46:e108. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X22002783.

ABSTRACT

Convincing narratives are not confabulations. Presumably they “feel right” to decision-making agents because the probabilities they assign intuitively (i.e., implicitly) to potential outcomes are plausible. Can we render explicit the calculations that would be performed by a decision-making agent to evaluate the plausibility of competing narratives? And if we can, what, exactly, makes a narrative “feel right” to an agent?

PMID:37154124 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X22002783

Orthop Surg. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1111/os.13748. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is an important surgical treatment for spinal tumors that can achieve en bloc resection of the affected vertebral body by using the T-saw. However, the conventional TES process and the surgical instruments currently in use have some inconveniences, which may lead to longer operative times and a higher incidence of complications. To address these obstacles, we developed a modified TES technique using a homemade intervertebral hook blade. The objectives of this study were to describe our modified total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) using a homemade intervertebral hook blade and to assess its clinical effects in patients with spinal tumors.

METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive patients with spinal tumors were included from September 2018 to November 2021. Eleven patients underwent a modified TES using an intervertebral hook blade, and 12 patients underwent a conventional TES using a wire saw. Details of the modified technique for TES were depicted, and the intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and improvement in pain symptom and neurological function measured by visual analog score (VAS) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score of all patients was reviewed and analyzed. Nonparametric analysis of covariates (ANCOVA) was performed to compare the clinical outcomes between patients treated with modified TES and conventional TES.

RESULTS: The modified TES significantly reduced operative time (F = 7.935, p = 0.010) and achieved favorable improvement of neurological function (F = 0.570, p = 0.459) and relief of pain (F = 3.196, p = 0.088) compared with the conventional TES group. The mean intraoperative blood loss in the modified TES group (2381.82 ml) was lower than that in the conventional TES group (3558.33 ml), although the difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.677, p = 0.420).

CONCLUSIONS: Modified TES using the intervertebral hook blade can effectively reduce the operation time and intraoperative bleeding, and meanwhile ensure the improvement of neurological function and relief of pain symptoms, suggesting that this modified technique is feasible, safe, and effective for spinal tumors.

PMID:37154111 | DOI:10.1111/os.13748

J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2023 Apr 24. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2204700235. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigated the accuracy of free-hand implant surgery performed by an experienced operator compared to static guided implant surgery performed by an inexperienced operator on an anterior maxillary dental model arch.

METHODS: A maxillary dental model with missing teeth (No. 11, 22, and 23) was used for this in vitro study. An intraoral scan was performed on the model, with the resulting digital impression exported as a stereolithography file. Next, a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was performed, with the resulting image exported as a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine file. Both files were imported into the RealGUIDE 5.0 dental implant planning software. Active Bio implants were selected to place into the model. A single stereolithographic 3-dimensional surgical guide was printed for all cases. Ten clinicians, divided into 2 groups, placed a total of 60 implants in 20 acrylic resin maxillary models. Due to the small sample size, the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze mean values in the 2 groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4.

RESULTS: The accuracy of implant placement using a surgical guide was significantly higher than that of free-hand implantation. The mean difference between the planned and actual implant positions at the apex was 0.68 mm for the experienced group using the free-hand technique and 0.14 mm for the non-experienced group using the surgical guide technique (P=0.019). At the top of the implant, the mean difference was 1.04 mm for the experienced group using the free-hand technique and 0.52 mm for the non-experienced group using the surgical guide technique (P=0.044).

CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study will provide valuable insights for future studies, since in vitro studies should be conducted extensively in advance of retrospective or prospective studies to avoid burdening patients unnecessarily.

PMID:37154109 | DOI:10.5051/jpis.2204700235

J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2023 Mar 24. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2203660183. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: No evidence exists regarding the advantages of periodontal regeneration treatment for furcation defects using soft block bone substitutes. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative therapy using porcine-derived soft block bone substitutes (DPBM-C, test group) compared with porcine-derived particulate bone substitutes (DPBM, control group) for the treatment of severe class II furcation defects in the mandibular molar regions.

METHODS: Thirty-five enrolled patients (test group, n=17; control group, n=18) were available for a 12-month follow-up assessment. Clinical (probing pocket depth [PPD] and clinical attachment level [CAL]) and radiographic (vertical furcation defect; VFD) parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 and 12 months after regenerative treatment. Early postoperative discomfort (severity and duration of pain and swelling) and wound healing outcomes (dehiscence, suppuration, abscess formation, and swelling) were also assessed 2 weeks after surgery.

RESULTS: For both treatment modalities, significant improvements in PPD, CAL, and VFD were found in the test group (PPD reduction of 4.1±3.0 mm, CAL gain of 4.4±2.9 mm, and VFD reduction of 4.1±2.5 mm) and control group (PPD reduction of 2.7±2.0 mm, CAL gain of 2.0±2.8 mm, and VFD reduction of 2.4±2.5 mm) 12 months after the regenerative treatment of furcation defects (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found in any of the measured clinical and radiographic parameters, and no significant differences were observed in any early postoperative discomfort and wound healing outcomes between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Similar to DPBM, DPBM-C showed favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes for periodontal regeneration of severe class II furcation defects in a 12-month follow-up period.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0007305.

PMID:37154106 | DOI:10.5051/jpis.2203660183

Drug Dev Res. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1002/ddr.22073. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Our previous work reported that galaxamide, a cyclopeptide extracted from the seaweed Galaxaura filamentosa, showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells by MTT assay. In this study, the growth-inhibitory effects of galaxamide in HeLa cells and xenograft mouse models were investigated. It was found galaxamide significantly inhibited cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion and induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway in HeLa cells. RNA sequencing revealed that galaxamide regulated stemness by Wnt6 signaling pathway in HeLa cells. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas database, Wnt6 was found to be negatively/positively correlated with stemness- and apoptosis-related genes in human cervical cancer. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) isolated and enriched from HeLa cells demonstrated elevated Wnt6 and β-catenin genes compared with nonstem HeLa cells. After galaxamide treatment, CSCs showed abrogation of sphere-forming ability, along with inhibition of stemness-related and Wnt pathway genes. Galaxamide treatment was also accompanied by the induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells, which was consistent with the results in BALB/c nude mice. Our results provide evidence that suppression of stemness by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway is the molecular mechanism by which galaxamide effectively inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.

PMID:37154105 | DOI:10.1002/ddr.22073

Orthop Surg. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1111/os.13360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with grade-1 L4/5 degenerative spondylolisthesis.

METHODS: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the comparative analysis included consecutive patients with grade-1 degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent oblique LIF (OLIF, n = 36) or minimally invasive transforaminal LIF (MI-TLIF, n = 45) at the Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2016 to August 2017. Patient satisfaction Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), radiographic outcomes including anterior/posterior disc heights (ADH/PDH), foraminal height (FH), foraminal width (FW), cage subsidence, cage retropulsion, and fusion rate were assessed during a 2-year follow-up. Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared between groups using the independent sample t-test. Categorical data are presented as n (%) and were compared between groups using the Pearson chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. Repetitive measurement and analysis of variance was employed in the analysis of ODI, back pain VAS score, and leg pain VAS score. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The OLIF and MI-TLIF groups comprised 36 patients (age, 52.1 ± 7.2 years; 27 women) and 45 patients (age, 48.4 ± 14.4 years; 24 women), respectively. Satisfaction rates at 2 years post procedure exceeded 90% in both groups. The OLIF group had less intraoperative blood loss (140 ± 36 vs 233 ± 62 mL), lower back pain VAS score (2.42 ± 0.81 vs 3.38 ± 0.47), and ODI score (20.47 ± 2.53 vs 27.31 ± 3.71) at 3 months follow-up (with trends toward lower values at 2 years follow-up), but higher leg pain VAS scores at all postoperative time points than the MI-TLIF group (all p < 0.001). ADH, PDH, FD, and FW improved in both groups post-surgery. At the 2 year follow-up, the OLIF group had a higher rate of Bridwell grade-I fusion (100% vs 88.9%, p = 0.046) and lower incidences of cage subsidence (8.33% vs 46.67%, p < 0.001) and retropulsion (0% vs 6.67%, p = 0.046) than the MI-TLIF group.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with grade-I spondylolisthesis, OLIF was associated with lower blood loss and greater improvements in VAS for back pain and ODI and radiologic outcomes than MI-TLIF. The OLIF is more suitable for these patients with low back pain as the main symptoms are accompanied by mild or no leg symptoms before operation.

PMID:37154089 | DOI:10.1111/os.13360

Chin Med J (Engl). 2023 May 7. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002707. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37154087 | DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002707

Drug Test Anal. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1002/dta.3515. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The work discusses the results of hair and urine testing performed in 51 cases of suspected in utero drug exposure handled at the University Hospital of Verona from 2016 to 2022. The day of birth, or the day after birth, urine from mother and newborn (UM and UN) and hair from mother (HM), newborn (HN) and father (HF), if possible, were collected. Urine underwent immunoassay and GC-MS analysis, while hair LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analysis. In 50 out of 51 cases HM and/or HN were available. In 92% of them hair testing resulted positive, often (> 50 % cases) for more than 1 class of substances. The most detected substances were: cocaine, opiates, methadone and cannabinoids. Maternal segmental analysis showed a prevalent decreasing concentration trend during pregnancy in case of positivity for 1 class of substances, while, as expected, a neatly prevalent increasing trend in case of positivity for more than 1 class of substances. In 9 cases, HF were also available, resulting all positive usually for the same classes of substances identified in HM, thus questioning parental responsibility. In 33 cases, urine samples from mother or from newborn were also collected. Of them, 27 cases (82%) tested positive showing a peri-partum drug consumption and then confirming the severity of the addiction. Hair testing showed to be a reliable diagnostic tool to investigate in utero drug exposure because of the possibility to obtain a complete picture of maternal addictive behaviour and family background also thanks to segmental maternal hair analysis and father hair testing.

PMID:37154073 | DOI:10.1002/dta.3515

Chin Med J (Engl). 2023 May 5. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002677. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can reduce severe joint pain and improve functional disability in hemophilia. However, the long-term outcomes have rarely been reported in China. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and complications of TKA in Chinese patients with hemophilic arthropathy.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with hemophilia who underwent TKA between 2003 and 2020, with at least 10 years of follow-up. The clinical results, patellar scores, patients’ overall satisfaction ratings, and radiological findings were evaluated. Revision surgery for implants during the follow-up period was recorded.

RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with 36 TKAs were successfully followed up for an average of 12.4 years. Their Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score improved from an average of 45.8 to 85.9. The average flexion contracture statistically significantly decreased from 18.1° to 4.2°. The range of motion (ROM) improved from 60.6° to 84.8°. All the patients accepted patelloplasty, and the patients’ patellar score improved from 7.8 preoperatively to 24.9 at the last follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes between the unilateral and bilateral procedures, except for a better ROM at follow-up in the unilateral group. Mild and enduring anterior knee pain was reported in seven knees (19%). The annual bleeding event was 2.7 times/year at the last follow-up. A total of 25 patients with 35 TKAs were satisfied with the procedure (97%). Revision surgery was performed in seven knees, with 10- and 15-year prosthesis survival rates of 85.8% and 75.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: TKA is an effective procedure for patients with end-stage hemophilic arthropathy, which relieves pain, improves knee functions, decreases flexion contracture, and provides a high rate of satisfaction after more than ten years of follow-up.

PMID:37154057 | DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002677