Tag: pubmed

J Med Internet Res. 2026 May 4;28:e85550. doi: 10.2196/85550.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Menstruation has long been framed primarily as a hygiene issue, with mainstream products and public messaging emphasizing concealment and disposal of menstrual blood (MB). This has contributed to a culture of silence in which conversations about menstrual health have been marginalized in public and clinical settings. Recent international guidance, including the World Health Organization’s call to reframe menstruation as a health issue, underscores the need for more open discourse. Simultaneously, social media has become a prominent space where menstruating individuals share experiences, seek advice, and challenge stigma. The resurgence of reusable menstrual products has increased users’ direct observation of MB, prompting questions about variations in color, texture, and smell. These developments highlight growing curiosity about MB yet reveal persistent information gaps regarding how MB is understood outside the clinical setting.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine how MB is represented in social media discourse and to explore individuals’ perceptions of MB’s potential use as a diagnostic tool.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, convergent mixed methods social listening study combining qualitative content analysis, social network analysis, sentiment analysis, and descriptive statistical analysis. Data were collected from TikTok (ByteDance), Facebook (Meta), Instagram (Meta), and Reddit using Mention and Apify. Between February 1 and 28, 2025, 6263 posts and videos were extracted using 3 strategies-group searches, hashtag searches, and social listening alerts. All data were anonymized, and demographic information was unavailable. After removing duplicates, non-English content, images, and posts without reference to blood, 349 posts were included. Coding followed a multistep deductive process in Atlas.ti. All posts were assigned with quotations, which were designated with one or more codes. Network analysis examined associations between appearance descriptors and reported health conditions. Sentiment analysis assessed perceptions of MB-based diagnostics.

RESULTS: Among the included posts (n=349), most originated from Reddit and Facebook. Seeking help (154/349, 44.1%) was the most common type of post. Appearance descriptions (n=243 posts) focused on color, particularly brown, bright red, pink, and black; consistency, particularly coagulation; and smell, mainly unpleasant. Network analysis linked specific colors and textures to perceived conditions, including miscarriage, endometriosis, hormonal changes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and infections. Discussion of MB as a diagnostic tool (n=80 posts) was less frequent but included predominantly positive quotations (110/115, 95.7%), emphasizing accessibility, noninvasiveness, and home-based sampling. Concerns (19/115, 16.5%) focused on inclusivity, stigma, and bodily autonomy.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that social media serves as an important source for discussion on MB-related topics and highlights a gap between public information needs and the available scientific evidence. The findings also indicate a strong interest in MB characteristics and support further research into its diagnostic potential. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze social media discussions on MB characteristics and its diagnostic potential.

PMID:42081739 | DOI:10.2196/85550

J Med Internet Res. 2026 May 4;28:e93164. doi: 10.2196/93164.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low physical activity (PA) is a well-established risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the temporal dynamics of PA preceding an incident clinical diagnosis of MDD remain poorly characterized, particularly using long-term, objective measures collected in real-world settings.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize trajectories of wearable-measured PA during the year preceding incident MDD diagnosis and identify the timing of within-person changes.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective nested case-control study using linked electronic health record and wearable (Fitbit) data from the All of Us Research Program. Adults with at least 6 months of valid Fitbit PA data in the 12 months preceding diagnosis were included. Incident MDD cases were identified based on a first electronic health record-recorded diagnosis and matched to MDD-free controls on age, sex, BMI, and calendar time of diagnosis, with up to 4 controls per case. Daily steps and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were aggregated into monthly averages. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare prediagnostic PA trajectories between cases and controls over a retrospective time scale from -12 to 0 months. Among cases, within-person contrasts were used to identify when PA levels first showed statistically significant deviations relative to levels observed 12 months before diagnosis. Exploratory analyses assessed heterogeneity by demographic factors.

RESULTS: The analytic cohort included 4104 participants (n=829, 20.2% incident MDD cases and n=3275, 79.8% matched controls; n=3355, 81.7% women; median age 48.4, IQR 36.3-61.3 years). Compared with controls, individuals who developed MDD exhibited consistently lower overall PA and significant downward trajectories in both daily steps and MVPA during the year preceding diagnosis (global trajectory tests; P<.001 for both outcomes). Differences widened progressively over time, indicating accelerating declines as diagnosis approached. Among cases, statistically significant changes in daily step counts emerged approximately 4 months before diagnosis (-145, 95% CI -253 to -37 steps vs month -12; P=.02) and reached -428 (95% CI -531 to -326) steps at diagnosis (P<.001). Declines in MVPA emerged approximately 5 months before diagnosis (-2.48, 95% CI -4.32 to -0.64 minutes; P=.02) and reached -5.61 (95% CI -7.35 to -3.86) minutes at diagnosis (P<.001). Furthermore, exploratory analyses suggested heterogeneity in prediagnostic trajectories across demographic subgroups, including steeper declines among men, more pronounced reductions in activity intensity at older ages, and persistently lower activity levels with flatter trajectories among individuals with obesity.

CONCLUSIONS: Unlike prior studies lacking objective PA assessment before MDD diagnosis, this study linked wearable and clinical data to characterize long-term prediagnostic trajectories in real-world settings. We observed sustained within-person declines emerging 4 to 5 months before diagnosis, providing insights into temporal dynamics preceding clinical recognition. These findings suggest that wearable-based monitoring may offer scalable early signals for risk stratification, prevention, and intervention for MDD.

PMID:42081737 | DOI:10.2196/93164

Diabet Med. 2026 May 4:e70344. doi: 10.1111/dme.70344. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To characterise CGM-derived glycaemic trajectories over 12months in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis, with a particular focus on hypoglycaemia burden and composite glycaemic risk.

METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal observational study. CGM data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Descriptive statistics summarised characteristics. Outcomes included time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), time above range (TAR), glycaemic variability (GV), hypoglycaemia burden and glycaemic risk index (GRI). Metrics were summarised using means or medians, and changes between timepoints were assessed using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

RESULTS: In 125 participants (mean age 63.7 years; 54.5% men), TIR increased from 51.6% at baseline to 56.6% at 6 months (mean difference 5.09%, 95% CI 1.06 to 9.12; p = 0.014) but was not sustained at 12 months (50.5%; p = 0.568), with a decline between 6 and 12 months (-6.11%, 95% CI -9.03 to -3.19; p < 0.001). TBR remained low, with a small increase between 6 and 12 months (1.61%, 95% CI 0.59-2.64; p = 0.002). TAR and GV were unchanged across timepoints. Hypoglycaemia burden increased over follow-up (p < 0.001), while GRI showed no change. HbA1c showed moderate concordance with CGM-derived glucose at baseline (ρ = 0.39; p = 0.0001) and 12 months (ρ = 0.59; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: CGM revealed evolving glycaemic patterns. Early improvements in TIR were not sustained, hypoglycaemia increased modestly and the overall GRI remained unchanged. These findings support CGM-informed, individualised diabetes management, prioritising safety and stability.

PMID:42081714 | DOI:10.1111/dme.70344

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 May 4;14:e82368. doi: 10.2196/82368.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Healthy aging has emerged as a global priority. However, older adults’ participation in health promotion programs remains low, and traditional health promotion models have achieved limited success in fostering sustained engagement among this population. Mobile health (mHealth)-based gamification interventions offer a promising way to address these challenges. However, no published reviews support or oppose the use of mHealth-based gamification interventions as health promotion strategies in older adults.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify mHealth interventions using gamification to promote health among older adults.

METHODS: Our scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations for scoping reviews and Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The process followed PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines and PRISMA-S (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Literature Search Extension) checklist. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across 8 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library, from their inception to December 10, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts via Rayyan, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.

RESULTS: This scoping review identified 11 studies. Only 1 article was published before 2022. The interventions were found to improve enjoyment and motivation (n=5), cognitive function (n=3), physical activity (n=2), and digital literacy (n=2). Individual studies also reported improvements in mental health (n=1) and adherence (n=1), a reduction in suicidal ideation (n=1), improvements in physical function (n=1), the promotion of social engagement (n=1), and the identification of mild cognitive impairment (n=1). Game elements used were ranked by frequency as progress, challenges, goals, levels, reward, sensation, storytelling or narration, leaderboard, surprise, and avatar. No research was found to use the game element of “social sharing.” mHealth types included augmented and virtual reality-based training systems, wearable devices, mobile phones, tablets, and Windows platforms and devices. Notably, only 4 studies applied theoretical frameworks, and 3 omitted the concrete approach to gamification.

CONCLUSIONS: As the first scoping review to identify and map mHealth-based gamification interventions for older adults, this study highlights their potential as an innovative approach to health promotion. By systematically synthesizing evidence regarding intervention designs, gamification strategies, and preliminary health outcomes, it establishes a foundation for future inquiry. However, this review is limited by the small number of included studies, precluding broad generalizations. Future research should assess long-term impacts, integrate theoretical frameworks, establish reporting guidelines, design personalized social-interactive interventions, and expand to broader health domains. Ultimately, these insights provide targeted guidance for developing age-appropriate digital health solutions, contributing to the realization of active aging.

PMID:42081713 | DOI:10.2196/82368

Langmuir. 2026 May 4. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c00298. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Monodisperse microbubbles (MDMBs) fabricated by microfluidics exhibit a narrow size distribution and uniform acoustic response, making them promising for ultrasound imaging and therapy. However, significantly high lipid concentrations were inevitably required to inhibit bubble coalescence during high-production-rate fabrication of lipid-coated MDMBs with a low polydispersity index (PDI), leading to substantial waste and poor cost-effectiveness. Therefore, under low lipid concentrations, minimizing bubble coalescence during high-production-rate MDMB fabrication and enabling fine-tuning of acoustic properties are crucial for advancing medical applications of MDMBs. We used a flow-focusing microfluidic chip to fabricate MDMBs under varied lipid concentrations, surfactant Tween 20 concentrations, and production rates. The coalescence rate of initially formed bubbles at the chip’s orifice and outlet was statistically analyzed from high-speed photographic images. Tween 20 effectively prevented bubble coalescence under low lipid concentrations during high-production-rate MDMB fabrication, yielding a low PDI. An increased contraction ratio of MDMBs at a higher Tween-20-to-lipid ratio indicated that the incorporation of Tween 20’s alkyl chains into the lipid monolayer enhanced steric repulsion, thereby preventing bubble proximity and coalescence. After a 2-day stabilization of the freshly collected MDMBs, the acoustic attenuation spectra and cavitation dynamics were accurately characterized. Statistical results revealed that both shell elasticity and cavitation stability of MDMBs significantly increased with higher Tween 20 concentration, but significantly decreased with elevated lipid concentration, thereby enabling their precise tuning via the Tween-20-to-lipid ratio. These findings establish a feasible approach for fabricating, under low lipid concentrations, high-production-rate lipid-coated MDMBs with low PDI and tunable acoustic properties, thus advancing ultrasound-based medical applications.

PMID:42081263 | DOI:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c00298

J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2026 May 1. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001486. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess EI referral and enrollment rates among substance-exposed newborns (SENs) with and without a diagnosis of NAS in MA and to compare rates to infants and toddlers without known substance exposure.

METHODS: We analyzed the 2013-2020 Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal dataset, which includes maternal-infant birth hospitalization records linked with EI data. SEN and NAS were identified using ICD-9/10 codes. We conducted descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis to compare EI referral and enrollment between (1) SENs with and without NAS diagnoses and (2) SENs and the unexposed population.

RESULTS: Among 6565 SENs, 85.3% (n = 5602) were referred to EI, and of those referred, 49.5% (n = 2775) enrolled. Compared with SENs without an NAS diagnosis, SENs with an NAS diagnosis were more likely to be referred to (87.6%, n = 4242 vs 79.0%, n = 1360) and enroll in (53.2%, n = 2255 vs 38.2%, n = 520) EI. Among infants and toddlers without identified substance exposure, referral rates were lower (34.6%), but enrollment rates were higher among those referred (56.7%).

CONCLUSION: Substance-exposed newborns in MA had relatively high rates of EI referral but lower rates of enrollment compared with the general population, particularly among SENs without a diagnosis of NAS, suggesting a referral-to-enrollment gap.

PMID:42081262 | DOI:10.1097/DBP.0000000000001486

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 May 1;9(5):e2610120. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10120.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: In the US, adjuvanted or higher-dose influenza vaccines are preferentially recommended for annual use among adults aged 65 years or older. Adjuvanted and high-dose influenza vaccines have not been compared in a pragmatic randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of adjuvanted vs high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine against polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza in older adults at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cluster randomized crossover study, during the 2023 to 2024 influenza season, 65 KPNC facilities were cluster randomized such that approximately half of facilities administered adjuvanted and half high-dose influenza vaccine on the first week of the vaccination season (and thereafter every facility crossed over and alternated formulations weekly). Using Cox proportional hazards regression on a calendar time scale, the rVE of adjuvanted vs high-dose vaccine was estimated for each outcome as 1 minus the hazard ratio, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, and health care utilization. Study participants included all adults 65 years or older who were vaccinated with adjuvanted or high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine during routine care at a KPNC facility between August 17, 2023, and April 16, 2024.

EXPOSURES: Adjuvanted or high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine receipt during the 2023 to 2024 influenza season. Individuals were considered vaccinated 14 days after immunization.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was PCR-confirmed influenza in any clinical setting. Secondary outcomes were PCR-confirmed influenza with hospitalization or emergency department visits and hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia. Outcomes were assessed starting October 1, 2023, or 14 days after vaccination, whichever came later.

RESULTS: This study included 429 595 individuals from the 2023 to 2024 influenza season (mean [SD] age, 75 [7] years; 236 857 [55.1%] female; 86 287 [20.1%] Asian, 22 910 [5.3%] Black, 53 820 [12.5%] Hispanic, 1123 [0.3%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 2562 [0.6%] Pacific Islander, 252 709 [58.8%] White, 1638 [0.4%] multiracial, and 8546 [2.0%] unknown race), of whom 212 875 (49.6%) received adjuvanted and 216 720 (50.4%) received high-dose influenza vaccine. There were 836 cases of PCR-confirmed influenza (3.9 per 1000 persons) identified after adjuvanted and 867 cases (4.0 per 1000 persons) after high-dose vaccine. The rVE of adjuvanted compared with high-dose influenza vaccine was 1.5% (95% CI, -8.4% to 10.5%) against influenza, 9.1% (95% CI, -4.0% to 20.4%) against influenza with hospitalization or emergency department visits, and 1.0% (95% CI, -11.4% to 12.0%) against hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In the first season of a large, ongoing study in adults 65 years or older, adjuvanted and high-dose influenza vaccines did not differ in effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2023 to 2024 influenza season. Consistent with Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations, these results support the equivalency of adjuvanted and high-dose influenza vaccines for adults 65 years or older.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06029933.

PMID:42081247 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10120

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 May 1;9(5):e2610321. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10321.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Children with medical complexity often require complicated home care regimens, yet health care safety issues in community settings have been rarely described. Systems-level approaches to addressing patient safety in pediatric home health care (HHC) also remain nascent. Quantifying and categorizing HHC staff incidents is a first step toward preventing the occurrence of safety events in this population.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the rates and types of patient safety events within a US national pediatric population receiving HHC.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cohort study (September 1, 2022, to August 31, 2023) that used staff incident reports from a pediatric HHC agency with sites in 11 US states. Participants were patients aged younger than 21 years receiving HHC within the study year, excluding psychiatric HHC.

EXPOSURE: Days of HHC receipt.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Rate and type of staff-reported patient safety events per 1000 HHC-days, reviewed by 3 trained clinician reviewers, and classified using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Index.

RESULTS: This study identified 2901 children (males, 1710 [59.0%]) who received a median of 98.0 (IQR, 14.0-312.0) days of HHC. The mean (SD) age was 8.7 (5.3) years. A total of 678 incident reports were filed for 348 children (11.9%). Of these, 307 (45.3%) were patient safety events, including 168 harmful errors (54.7%), 110 nonharmful errors (35.8%), and 22 hazards (7.2%). This equated to a mean (SD) of 0.68 (4.40) patient safety events per 1000 HHC-days. Errors most frequently involved medications (108 [38.8%]) and implanted devices (91 [32.7%]). Harmful errors were most frequently related to non-pressure-related skin injuries (45 [26.8%]) and falls (30 [17.9%]). Approximately half of all errors required additional monitoring (133 [47.8%]) and 45 (16.2%) required emergency care. Patient safety events were more likely in children with invasive home ventilation compared with other types of implanted medical technology.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of children receiving HHC, more than 1 in 10 had a reported incident, of which approximately half were patient safety related. This work provides new data about pediatric HHC safety. Further work should explore factors contributing to and preventing health care-related harms to children at home and include parent perspectives.

PMID:42081246 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10321

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 May 1;9(5):e2610380. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10380.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Early identification of developmental delay and autism in young children improves outcomes, but screening rates in young children are low, particularly for some patient groups.

OBJECTIVE: To examine patient- and system-level characteristics associated with screening return rates and timelines and evaluate the association of an electronic health record (EHR)-based dashboard with these outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study using EHR data from a large integrated health care system analyzed screening questionnaire return rates and time to return among children aged 6 to 66 months referred to a secondary screening program. A cross-sectional analysis (September 1, 2022, to September 1, 2023) used adjusted modified Poisson regression and restricted mean survival time (RMST). Changes in return rates, as well as time to return and time to case completion, were assessed before (November 2, 2022, to March 31, 2023) and after (November 2, 2023, to March 31, 2024) implementation of an EHR-embedded monitoring dashboard. Data were analyzed from December 5, 2023, to February 20, 2026.

EXPOSURES: Patient and organizational characteristics based on EHR data and indicators for dashboard implementation.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Return rates of screening questionnaires, time to return questionnaires in days, and time to case completion in days (review questionnaire, recommendations to families, and place relevant referrals).

RESULTS: A total of 17 303 screening referral orders (11 351 [65.6%] among males; mean [SD] age, 27.73 [12.79] months; 15 853 [91.6%] aged 16-66 months) for 16 038 unique patients were included in this study. Questionnaires were returned for 7500 referrals (43.3%). Lower return rates were associated with older age (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.68-0.75]), non-English language preference (ARR range, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.47-0.89] to 0.73 [95% CI, 0.65-0.83]), Black race (ARR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.72-0.86]) or Hispanic ethnicity (ARR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.81-0.89]), highest neighborhood deprivation quintile (ARR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.86-0.98]), and Medicaid insurance (ARR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.81-0.89]). Online portal account access was linked to higher return rates (ARR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.75-2.26]) and faster return times (adjusted RMST difference, -6.42 days [95% CI, -7.26 to -5.59 days]). Older age was associated with longer return times (adjusted RMST difference, 6.82 days [95% CI, 5.90-7.75 days]). After dashboard implementation, return rates increased from 41.2% (2823 of 6854) to 54.7% (3883 of 7097) (ARR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.29-1.38]), while decreases were observed for time to return (adjusted RMST difference, -6.62 days [95% CI, -7.18 to -6.07 days]) and completion (adjusted RMST difference, -37.07 days [95% CI, -38.47 to -35.67] days).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this cohort study suggest that completion of recommended developmental screening can be challenging for certain patient populations. EHR-based tools may be useful to improve return rates and reduce return and case completion times.

PMID:42081245 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10380

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 May 1;9(5):e2610552. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10552.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Hospital-based shootings represent an extreme form of workplace violence, with notable consequences for staff, patients, and visitors. Despite growing concern, these events remain poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: To categorize hospital-based shootings from 2012 to 2024 and incorporate prior published events between 2000 and 2011 to examine trends in shootings over a 25-year span.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: Events in this systematic review of acute care hospital-based shootings in the US from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2024, with subgroup analysis of previously published data trending shootings over 25 years (January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2024), were identified using EBSCO Regional Business News, ProQuest US Newsstream Collection, Gun Violence Archive, and Google News Search. Selected shooting events involved at least 1 injured person (a nonperpetrator or perpetrator) that occurred within or on the immediate property of the hospital.

FINDINGS: A total of 327 news articles of unique hospital-based shooting events (5.2 per year per 1000 hospitals) were included from a review of 6658 articles, spanning 47 US states (94.0%). There was an overall incidence of 25.2 hospital-based shootings per year. Between 2012 and 2024, shootings increased by a mean (SD) of 1.7 (0.5) events per year, from 14 to 34 events (8.4% increase per year). Large hospitals accounted for the highest rate of shootings (258.1 events per 1000 hospitals). Events primarily occurred in urban settings (314 [96.0%]), and 161 (49.2%) occurred in the US South. Nearly one-third (105 [32.1%]) were potentially preventable by weapons screening. From 2000 to 2024, shootings increased by a mean (SD) of 1.1 (0.2) events per year, from 6 to 34 events (6.4% increase per year). A positive correlation was found in annual firearm fatalities in hospital settings and US firearms fatalities overall between 2012 and 2023 (r = 0.42).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This systematic review found that hospital-based shootings in the US have increased steadily over the past 25 years, representing an intersection between broader national trends in workplace and firearm violence. Large hospitals, those in the US South, and hospitals in urban communities are particularly at-risk settings. These findings underscore the need for hospital-specific prevention strategies, including consideration of weapons screening technology, alongside broader societal efforts to address rising firearm violence.

PMID:42081243 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10552