Tag: pubmed

Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2026 Aug 17. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000001081. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) is a sensitive stool-based test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Limited referral-center data suggest low rates of incident aerodigestive cancers after a positive mt-sDNA and negative colonoscopy; community-based outcomes are unknown.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of adults referred for colonoscopy after positive mt-sDNA in a large community practice (2017-2021). Among patients with negative colonoscopy, we manually recorded post-colonoscopy recommendations, findings if additional colonoscopies had been performed, aerodigestive cancer diagnosis, and last clinical follow-up. Observed cancer incidence was compared with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data.

RESULTS: Of 1,176 patients completing colonoscopy after positive mt-sDNA, 328 (28%) had negative findings. Median cohort age was 67 (IQR 59-72) years. Colonoscopy was performed at a median of 53 days after mt-sDNA sample collection. Post-colonoscopy recommendations aligned with multi-society task force (MSTF) guidelines in 59% of patients. Thirty-two patients underwent repeat colonoscopy with a median of 3.5 (1.9-4.4) years later; 2 (6.3%) had advanced serrated lesions, and no CRC was detected. Median clinical follow-up was 4.4 (3.4-5.6) years. Seven patients developed aerodigestive cancers (2 pancreatic, 5 lung), consistent with expected age- and sex-adjusted SEER incidence (n=7.62) (p=0.823).

DISCUSSION: In this community cohort, when a positive mt-sDNA was followed by negative colonoscopy, rates of subsequent advanced colorectal neoplasia and aerodigestive cancer were low. Most patients received recommendations for subsequent colonoscopy that were consistent with MSTF guidelines. Findings further support the current MSTF recommendation of no additional evaluation for extra-colonic malignancy in asymptomatic patients after high quality follow-up colonoscopy.

PMID:42607275 | DOI:10.14309/ctg.0000000000001081

Community Dent Health. 2026 Aug 17:265539X261476516. doi: 10.1177/0265539X261476516. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundCleft lip and palate (CLP) are common congenital craniofacial anomalies associated with substantial health and psychosocial burdens. Although maternal smoking during pregnancy has been linked to CLP, observational studies cannot establish causality because of confounding and reverse causation.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal effect of maternal smoking on offspring CLP. Genetic variants associated with maternal smoking were used as instrumental variables. Summary statistics were obtained from the UK Biobank (maternal smoking) and the FinnGen consortium (CLP). The primary analysis used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, with MR-Egger and weighted median analyses conducted as sensitivity analyses.ResultsIVW analysis demonstrated a significant causal association between maternal smoking and CLP (b = 5.34, SE = 2.50, p < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results and showed no evidence of substantial heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, supporting the robustness of the findings.ConclusionsOur findings provide genetic evidence supporting a causal relationship between maternal smoking and CLP. These results reinforce the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy and support public health strategies aimed at reducing preventable risk factors for CLP. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms and validate these findings in diverse populations.

PMID:42607267 | DOI:10.1177/0265539X261476516

Am Fam Physician. 2026 Jul;114(1):13-15.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42607264

J Craniofac Surg. 2026 Aug 17. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000013279. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of digital occlusal articulation versus hand occlusal articulation for orthognathic surgical planning.

METHODS: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 18 patients requiring orthognathic surgery, randomly assigned to a digital articulation group (n=9) or a hand articulation group (n=9). Linear displacements (X, Y, Z axes) at 5 maxillary and 5 mandibular landmarks and rotational errors (roll, pitch, and yaw) were measured postoperatively. Three blinded observers performed triplicate measurements. Interobserver reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Paired t tests were used for comparisons. Clinical tolerance was defined as <2 mm linear and <2 degrees rotational error.

RESULTS: Interobserver reliability was excellent for both methods (ICC ≥0.98, P<0.001). In the maxilla, overall mean error was similar between digital (0.378±0.201 mm) and hand (0.353±0.155 mm) groups (P=0.367). In the mandible, the digital method showed significantly larger mean error (0.720±0.281 mm) than hand (0.430±0.268 mm) (P<0.001). Axis-specific differences in the mandible were significant for X (P=0.03), Y (P=0.006), and Z (P=0.005). Rotational errors were <0.5 degrees for all axes except mandibular pitch (0.47 degrees, P=0.04). The largest mean linear error was 1.03 mm (digital mandibular left molar), well below the 2 mm clinical tolerance.

CONCLUSION: Digital occlusal articulation is as accurate as hand articulation in the maxilla and produces statistically larger but clinically acceptable errors in the mandible. Both methods are reliable and suitable for orthognathic surgical planning.

PMID:42607234 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000013279

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Aug 25;123(34):e2613782123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2613782123. Epub 2026 Aug 17.

ABSTRACT

Plastics research lags 30 y behind many other environmental crises, with population-level impacts alluded to but not yet demonstrated for any wild species. Addressing this “Grand Challenge” requires robust data that span many years of variable exposure. Here, we use 15 y of mark-recapture data to estimate plastics’ impact on the demography of Sable Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes). We found that the ingestion of >1 g of plastic is common and associated with at least an 11% reduction in the probability of birds surviving to return and breed at their natal island, with birds that ingested >5 g of plastic almost never seen again. In a time of unprecedented planetary change and biodiversity collapse, these results provide much-needed insight into plastics’ role in potentially driving species decline.

PMID:42607211 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2613782123

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Aug 25;123(34):e2610388123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2610388123. Epub 2026 Aug 17.

ABSTRACT

Social media feed algorithms rank content that is purported to be preferred by users, but the engagement behaviors that drive these algorithms are (at best) indirect proxies for users’ explicitly self-stated values. Are the resulting feeds value aligned, and if not, why? We investigate this question by annotating the basic human values expressed in participants’ X (Twitter) feeds (N = 715 US users), analyzing the relationship between the posts’ value expressions and the posts’ amplification in the ranked “For You” Page feed, and then comparing the amplified values to users’ own values. We observe that the inventory of posts from followed accounts reflects users’ self-stated values-but that there is an overall negative correlation (misalignment) between users’ explicit values and the value expressions the algorithm is more likely to amplify. We turn to engagement behavior to understand this misalignment and observe that users’ engagement behaviors can be misaligned with their stated values-likely causing the algorithm to learn and reflect these misaligned values. We also detect partisan differences consistent with this theory: While the algorithm amplifies values negatively correlated with both Democrats’ and Republicans’ self-stated values, they are more misaligned for Democrats. And in fact replying, a heavily weighted form of engagement, is associated with values that are less aligned for both Democrats’ and Republicans’ self-stated values, and is even more misaligned for Democrats. Taken together, these findings offer a glimpse into the tensions between the values that people hold and those that provoke reactions, and how these value tensions can produce misaligned outcomes.

PMID:42607202 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2610388123

J Chem Phys. 2026 Aug 21;165(7):074103. doi: 10.1063/5.0341015.

ABSTRACT

This work investigates the emergent thermalization regimes in a chaotic Tavis-Cummings (TC) model and their implications in quantum spectroscopy. While the TC model is a cornerstone of cavity quantum electrodynamics, traditional treatments often overlook many-body effects that arise in the thermodynamic limit. We utilize the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis to demonstrate that a nonintegrable excitonic Hamiltonian within the material manifold drives local thermalization. By tuning the polariton splitting g, we observe two dynamical regimes: a thermalizing regime at low interactions driven by quantum chaos and ergodicity, and a nonthermalizing regime at high interactions where strong coupling suppresses ergodicity. We further show that these regimes have direct implications on output photon statistics, specifically influencing the correlation times τc of the cavity population and the second-order correlation function g(2) (t + τ). We propose that entangled-biphoton spectroscopy serves as an ideal experimental platform to probe these effects and to allow the characterization of the underlying many-body exciton-coupling disorder σ through coincidence measurements of the output. Taken together, these results exploit a naturally occurring many-body phenomenon to bridge theoretical predictions with experimental observables.

PMID:42607177 | DOI:10.1063/5.0341015

J Chem Phys. 2026 Aug 21;165(7):074901. doi: 10.1063/5.0346638.

ABSTRACT

Analysis of frontal dynamics during thermal polymerization was performed using an extension of the Spade and Volpert theory [C. A. Spade and V. A. Volpert, Combust. Theory Modell. 5, 21-39 (2001)]. The theory considers a reaction front of finite width, enabling a more realistic description of the temporal temperature evolution at a fixed point in a unidirectionally propagating reaction front. The predicted temperature profiles were compared with experimental thermocouple data obtained during frontal polymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). By combining theoretical and experimental approaches, key thermal and kinetic parameters specific to the BADGE-based polymerization mixture were estimated.

PMID:42607167 | DOI:10.1063/5.0346638

J Urol. 2026 Aug 17:101097JU0000000000005263. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000005263. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on associations of post-diagnostic consumption of red meat, poultry, and eggs with prostate cancer outcomes among men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

METHODS: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE through July 17, 2025, with no date restrictions. Eligible studies included prospective cohorts examining post-diagnostic consumption of red meat, poultry, and eggs in relation to prostate cancer progression (e.g., biochemical recurrence, initiation of secondary treatment, metastases, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM)) and/or all-cause mortality (ACM) in men with prostate cancer. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.

RESULTS: Six cohort studies including >10,000 men with prostate cancer met inclusion criteria. Across five studies, total red meat consumption was not associated with progression outcomes, while one of two studies evaluating ACM reported a positive relationship. However, two studies indicated that replacement of red meat with poultry or fish was associated with lower risk of progression or ACM. One study reported a positive association between processed red meat intake and both PCSM and ACM, although four other studies reported no significant association. Total poultry intake was not significantly associated with progression. By contrast, poultry with skin was linked to higher risk in two studies (one significant), whereas poultry without skin was not associated with progression. Poultry intake was associated with lower ACM risk in the only study evaluating this relationship. Evidence for egg consumption was inconsistent; a positive association with progression was observed in one study with especially high intake in the highest category (∼5.5 servings/week), whereas no associations were found in four studies where intakes were lower in the highest categories (≥2.5-3 servings/week). One out of two demonstrated a positive relationship with ACM.

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence linking post-diagnostic intake of red meat, poultry, and eggs with prostate cancer progression remain limited and inconsistent, while stronger statistical evidence was observed for ACM. Prostate cancer progression risk may be specific to preparation methods (e.g., poultry with skin) and higher egg intake (>3-5 servings/week), while replacing red meat with skinless poultry or fish may offer clinical benefit. Additional well-designed prospective studies are needed.

PMID:42607142 | DOI:10.1097/JU.0000000000005263

Chem Biodivers. 2026 Aug;23(8):e71592. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.71592.

ABSTRACT

Previously, in vitro studies have suggested a possible antiproliferative action of uliginosin B (ULI B), a dimeric acylphloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum species. However, no in vivo evidence of this effect has been found yet. Therefore, the aim is to evaluate its possible interaction in the Ras pathway using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and computational models. For the in vivo assays, we used a strain with a gain-of-function in the let-60 gene, which is a human Ras homologous protein that leads to the formation of tumorous multivulva. The experimental tests indicated that a single 30 min treatment with ULI B was safe regarding toxicological parameters, and the worms demonstrated a delay in the multivulva phenotype development (MV) on day 1 and 2 of adulthood, with statistical significance at 5, 10, and 20 µM. In silico, ULI B showed a possible allosteric and non-competitive interaction with LET-60, but not as significant as in the human Ras, possibly justifying the weak effect found with the delay in MV development in the nematode. However, based on the in-silico data, ULI B seems promising against human cancer cells, as its interactions with EGFR and HRAS were more favorable than those with C. elegans proteins.

PMID:42607123 | DOI:10.1002/cbdv.71592