Tag: pubmed

Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2025 Dec;38:159735-159768.

ABSTRACT

Binary classification with imbalanced classes is a common and fundamental task, where standard machine learning methods often struggle to provide reliable predictive performance. Although numerous approaches have been proposed to address this issue, classification in low-sample-size and high-dimensional settings still remains particularly challenging. The abundance of noisy features in high-dimensional data limits the effectiveness of classical methods due to overfitting, and the minority class is even difficult to detect because of its severe underrepresentation with low sample size. To address this challenge, we introduce Quantile-based Discriminant Analysis (QuanDA), which builds upon a novel connection with quantile regression and naturally accounts for class imbalance through appropriately chosen quantile levels. We provide comprehensive theoretical analysis to validate QuanDA in ultra-high dimensional settings. Through extensive simulation studies and high-dimensional benchmark data analysis, we demonstrate that QuanDA overall outperforms existing classification methods for imbalanced data, including cost-sensitive large-margin classifiers, random forests, and SMOTE.

PMID:42405201 | PMC:PMC13333170

RSC Adv. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1039/d6ra03353a. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The ongoing discharge of ciprofloxacin (CIP) into aquatic environments presents significant ecological and public health challenges due to its environmental persistence and role in facilitating the proliferation of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the pressing necessity for effective removal technologies. This investigation introduces a novel composite sponge, composed of a amine-functionalized zinc metal-organic framework (NH₂-Zn-MOF) and chitosan-polyethylenimine (CS/PEI), referred to as FZCP, which was successfully synthesized and assessed for its capacity to adsorb CIP from aqueous environments. The synthesis of the FZCP composite sponge yields an adsorbent that is mechanically robust, highly porous, and capable of being reused. Extensive characterization utilizing methods such as XRD, BET surface area, FT-IR and two-dimensional FT-IR correlation spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, and zero point of charge (pH_zpc) analyses affirm the successful functionalization, uniform dispersion of the MOF, and the presence of a significant number of active sites. Batch adsorption experiments revealed a remarkably high adsorption capability, reaching values of up to 487 mg g^-1. The efficiency of the adsorption was found to be significantly affected by several variables, including the solution pH, duration of contact, and the quantity of adsorbent used. Through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) for process optimization, it emerged that the interaction time was the most serious issue influencing adsorption competence. With an overall desirability value of 0.991, the ideal parameters were found to be a solution pH of 7, a duration of contact of 100 min, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g. A pseudo-second-order model adequately explained the adsorption kinetics, and isotherm and thermodynamic investigations indicated that the adsorption process was favorable, spontaneous, and mostly controlled by chemisorption. Ciprofloxacin is adsorbed through a combination of electrostatic forces, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, coordination with Zn(ii) sites, and pore filling, according to mechanistic studies. All of these results point to the potential of the FZCP composite sponge as a very successful adsorbent for eliminating ciprofloxacin from wastewater.

PMID:42405151 | PMC:PMC13330777 | DOI:10.1039/d6ra03353a

J Food Sci. 2026 Jul;91(7):e71271. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.71271.

ABSTRACT

Pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment is an emerging nonthermal technology that enhances drying efficiency by inducing electroporation, thereby facilitating mass transfer and accelerating moisture removal in plant-based foods. However, previous studies have reported variable outcomes, particularly in color changes and texture modifications, which are influenced by differences in PEF conditions and drying methods. This study, therefore, aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of PEF pretreatment on drying kinetics and the quality of dried plant-based foods through a meta-analysis. Data were retrieved from Scopus and PubMed databases, yielding 48 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Analyses were conducted using a random-effects model with Hedges’ d as the effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic and I², and publication bias was examined using the fail-safe N method. The results revealed that PEF pretreatment significantly increased effective moisture diffusivity, reduced drying time, improved rehydration ratio, and affected color attributes (ΔE and chroma) (p < 0.05). In contrast, its effects on total phenolic content, vitamin C, and water activity (a_w) were insignificant and exhibited susceptibility to publication bias. Subgroup analyses further revealed that PEF effectiveness strongly depended on commodity category, PEF parameters, and drying method. Overall, PEF consistently enhanced drying kinetics and rehydration capacity while increasing color differences; however, its effects on bioactive compounds and a_w remain inconclusive due to limited and potentially biased evidence. These findings highlight PEF as a promising pretreatment strategy to improve drying efficiency while maintaining desirable quality in dried plant-based foods.

PMID:42402717 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.71271

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Jul;40(7):676-681. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.014.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the superimposed effects of the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP） and Th2-type inflammatory comorbidities（allergic rhinitis/asthma） on 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25（OH） D]and pulmonary function. Methods:A total of 159 patients with CRSwNP were retrospectively enrolled and divided into 4 groups according to comorbidities（single disease group, AR group, asthma group, AR+ asthma group）. CT Lund-Mackay score, endoscopic Lund-Kennedy score, pulmonary function（FEV1.0/FVC）, serum 25（OH） D and eosinophil proportion（EOS%） were evaluated. Analysis of variance, partial correlation and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:The comorbidity group had significantly aggravated sinonasal inflammation and lung function damage: Lund-Kennedy score（14.740±5.465 vs Single disease group: 8.49±4.02, P<0.001）, EOS%（13.68%±3.47% vs 3.95%±2.13%, P<0.001） were the highest, and 25（OH） D[（20.22±8.20）nmol/L vs （41.55±14.37）nmol/L, P<0.001] was the lowest, and pulmonary function limitation（FEV1.0/FVC=77.15%±15.92% vs 97.43%±14.01%） was the most significant（P<0.001）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that comorbidity group（odds ratio, OR=2.482, 95%CI 1.350-4.562） and Lund-Kennedy score（OR=1.583, 95%CI 1.358-1.844） were independent risk factors for 25（OH） D deficiency. Both of them also significantly predicted lung function limitation（OR=5.341, 1.414）. The ROC curve confirmed that a Lund-Kennedy score of ≥14 predicted a 92.5% sensitivity for vitamin D deficiency, and a score of ≥11 predicted a 100% sensitivity for pulmonary function limitation. Conclusion:A Lund-Kennedy score of ≥14 and 11 are high-risk warning indicators for 25（OH） D deficiency and restricted lung function. Sinonasal lesions in severe CRSwNP coexisting with Th2-type inflammation are accompanied by more significant 25（OH） D deficiency and lung function impairment. Clinically, such patients need to be monitored more closely.

PMID:42402689 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.014

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Jul;40(7):641-646;652. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.008.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Stapokibart in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP） based on key type 2 inflammatory clinical characteristics. Methods:A total of 28 patients with CRSwNP receiving either stapokibart or placebo were stratified based on peripheral blood eosinophil（EOS） count（cutoff value: 0.3×10⁸/L）, comorbid asthma, and history of sinus surgery. After 24 weeks of treatment, changes from baseline in efficacy endpoints-including nasal polyp score（NPS）, nasal congestion score（NCS）, loss of smell score（LOS）, total nasal symptom score（TNSS）, 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test（SNOT-22）, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test（UPSIT）, and Lund-Mackay CT score were analyzed within each subgroup and compared against the placebo group. Results:After 24 weeks of treatment, stapokibart demonstrated significant improvements in nasal symptoms and related outcome measures across all subgroups compared to placebo. Due to the reduced sample sizes following subgroup stratification, differences in efficacy within each subgroup did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion:Stapokibart is effective in the overall CRSwNP population. However, whether its efficacy is influenced by factors such as comorbid asthma, eosinophil levels, or surgical history warrants validation in larger cohort studies.

PMID:42402683 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.008

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Jul;40(7):624-629. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.005.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic ethmoid infundibulum expansion surgery（EEIES） combined with Stapokibart in the treatment of type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP）. Methods:A prospective, randomized, single-blind, self-controlled study was conducted. A total of 18 patients with bilateral CRSwNP and type 2 inflammatory phenotype admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in our hospital from April 2025 to August 2025 were enrolled. Patients’ bilateral nasal cavities were randomly assigned to undergo either EEIES or full-house endoscopic sinus surgery（full-house ESS）. EEIES described in this study refers to precise ventilation reconstruction of the middle/superior meatus centered on the ethmoid infundibulum. All patients received routine treatments including nasal corticosteroids and nasal irrigation postoperatively. Subcutaneous injection of Stapokibart 300 mg was administered every 2 weeks starting at 2 weeks after surgery for 24 consecutive weeks. The nasal symptom visual analogue scale（VAS）, sino-nasal outcome test-22（SNOT-22） score, nasal polyp score（NPS）, Lund-Kennedy score of nasal endoscopy, and sinus CT Lund-Mackay score were compared before and 24 weeks after surgery, and the efficacy differences between the two surgical procedures were analyzed. Results:At 24 weeks postoperatively, all scores of patients were significantly improved compared with preoperative baseline（all P<0.01）. The NPS, Lund-Kennedy score, and Lund-Mackay score were significantly improved in both EEIES side and full-house ESS side compared with baseline（all P<0.01）, with no statistically significant differences between the two sides（all P>0.05）. Conclusion:The short-term clinical efficacy of EEIES combined with Stapokibart in the treatment of type 2 CRSwNP is comparable to that of full-house ESS combined with Stapokibart. EEIES can precisely alleviate ventilation disorders and the hypoxic microenvironment in the middle and superior nasal meatus, while maximizing preservation of the natural sinus ostium and integrity of the sinus mucosa. Combined with Stapokibart, it can effectively block the type 2 inflammatory pathway and promote nasal mucosal homeostasis reconstruction. The restoration of sinus ventilation and drainage function critically depends on the recovery and integrity of nasal mucosal ciliary function, rather than mechanical enlargement of the sinus ostium. Therefore, EEIES can provide a more minimally invasive and biologically rational surgical treatment option for patients with type 2 CRSwNP.

PMID:42402680 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.005

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Jul;40(7):617-623. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.004.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the impact of prior sinus surgery on the efficacy of stapokibart in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（RCRSwNP）. Methods:This post hoc analysis was based on data from the phase III CROWNS-2 trial. A total of 179 patients with RCRSwNP who received at least one dose of stapokibart or placebo were included and categorized into two groups according to their history of prior sinus surgery（114 with prior sinus surgery and 65 without）. Intergroup differences in the efficacy of stapokibart and its ability to reduce the need for surgery were compared. Results:Of the 179 patients, 114（63.7%） had a history of prior sinus surgery. Among those with prior surgery, 77.2%（88/114） had undergone only one procedure, and 78.9%（90/114） had their most recent surgery ≥3 years before enrollment. Regardless of prior sinus surgery, number of prior surgeries, or time since the last surgery, the stapokibart group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in all efficacy endpoints at week 24 compared with the placebo group, including polyp size, nasal congestion, quality of life, olfactory function, and radiologic scores. For most endpoints, treatment effects were not influenced by surgical history; however, greater improvements in nasal congestion, quality of life, total symptom scores, and radiologic outcomes were observed among patients with a history of sinus surgery（P for interaction<0.05）. Notably, regardless of prior sinus surgery, stapokibart significantly reduced the predicted need for further surgery compared with placebo, and these treatment-by-subgroup interactions were not statistically significant. Conclusion:Regardless of prior sinus surgery, stapokibart significantly reduces nasal polyp burden, improves symptoms and quality of life, and decreases the predicted need for further surgery in patients with RCRSwNP.

PMID:42402679 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.07.004

Semin Ophthalmol. 2026 Jul 5:1-7. doi: 10.1080/08820538.2026.2699401. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the changes in corneal endothelium and anterior segment parameters following neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy in eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).

METHODS: Our study included 72 eyes with posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Patients were divided into two groups: PEX and control. All patients underwent detailed examination followed by Nd:YAG laser. Corneal endothelium was evaluated using specular microscopy, and anterior segment parameters were assessed using Sirius corneal topography before laser, at 1 week and 1 month post-laser. Findings were compared between PEX and control groups.

RESULTS: Of the 72 eyes, 30 were in the PEX group and 42 in the control group. There was no difference between groups in terms of baseline demographic, clinical data, and laser parameters (p > .05). Although mean pre-laser endothelial cell density (ECD) was lower in the PEX group, the difference was not statistically significant (p = .121). Significant improvement in BCVA was observed in both groups after laser (p < .001), but no significant changes were noted in intraocular pressure (IOP) or anterior segment parameters. Post-laser ECD values decreased significantly in the PEX group (p = .032), while no change was observed in the control group (p = .246). No significant correlation was found between laser energy parameters and clinical variables.

CONCLUSION: A significant decrease in ECD was observed in the PEX group after Nd:YAG laser, whereas this difference was not prominent in the control group. Our results suggest that evaluating ECD before Nd:YAG laser may help minimize potential endothelial damage, especially in patients with PEX.

PMID:42402671 | DOI:10.1080/08820538.2026.2699401

Sci Rep. 2026 Jul 5. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-60731-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Prognosis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with PD-1 blockade remains difficult to estimate early during therapy. Routine laboratory markers of systemic inflammation and metabolic stress are widely available, yet single-marker approaches may not reflect coordinated early inflammatory-metabolic dynamics. In a multicenter real-world cohort of previously treated mRCC patients receiving nivolumab monotherapy, we applied a prespecified day-28 (1-month) landmark framework. Using baseline (BL) and month-1 (Mo1) LDH and complete blood count (CBC)-derived indices (NLR, PLR, SII) as systemic inflammatory and metabolic markers, we engineered BL, Mo1, and early relative change features (log2[Mo1/BL]), standardized them within the phenotype-eligible cohort, and derived early inflammatory-metabolic trajectory phenotypes via unsupervised k-means clustering (k = 3). Phenotypes were labeled post hoc as IM-Quiescent (P1), IM-Quiescent-to-Inflamed (P2), and IM-Inflamed-Persistent (P3). OS and PFS were analyzed from the landmark using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox models. Durable benefit was assessed as 24-month OS (OS24) using multivariable logistic regression. The overall cohort included 498 patients; 329 were phenotype-eligible (P1 n = 142; P2 n = 69; P3 n = 118). Survival differed across phenotypes (log-rank OS p = 0.002; PFS p = 0.001). In multivariable Cox models (reference P1), P3 was associated with worse outcomes (OS HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.09-2.45; p = 0.019; PFS HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.36-2.73; p < 0.001), whereas P2 was not statistically supported versus P1 (OS HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.82-2.07; p = 0.262; PFS HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.82-1.79; p = 0.336). OS24 rates differed across phenotypes and phenotype remained associated with OS24 after covariate adjustment. Early inflammatory-metabolic trajectory phenotypes derived from routine systemic inflammatory and metabolic markers within a day-28 landmark framework were clinically interpretable and associated with OS, PFS, and durable benefit in nivolumab-treated mRCC. External validation and prospective evaluation in contemporary ICI-based regimens are warranted.

PMID:42402665 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-60731-3

Sci Rep. 2026 Jul 5. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-61023-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Market vendors play a critical role in food distribution, employment creation, and the functioning of the urban economy in Uganda, yet they operate within highly flood-prone environments. Despite their socio-economic importance, there remains limited empirical understanding of the factors shaping flood impacts and the adaptive capacity of informal market vendors in such urban vulnerable contexts. This study therefore seeks to address this knowledge gap by examining the determinants of flood impacts and adaptation capacity among market vendors in Walukuba-Masese, Jinja City. A cross-sectional survey of 263 vendors was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression models. Logistic regression results showed that vendors with 5-9 years of business experience had significantly lower flood impacts (β = -1.89, p < 0.05) compared to vendors with fewer years of operation. Vendors who were not members of business associations were about 5.7 times more likely to experience flood impacts compared to those who were members. Adaptive capacity analysis revealed several significant determinants. Access to savings (β = 4.876, p < 0.001), access to credit (β = 2.616, p = 0.002), availability of storage containers (β = 2.939, p = 0.002), receipt of early warning information (β = 3.857, p < 0.001), disaster preparedness training (β = 4.097, p < 0.001), vendor association membership (β = 1.680, p = 0.002), and support from family or community during floods (β = 4.014, p < 0.001) significantly enhanced vendors’ adaptive capacity. Additionally, the type of goods sold (β = 0.214, p = 0.020) and financial loss experienced during the last flood (β = 0.090, p = 0.023) were also associated with adaptive responses. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions such as improved drainage infrastructure, expanded access to financial services, disaster preparedness training, and strengthened early warning systems to enhance the resilience of informal urban enterprises and support inclusive flood risk management in Uganda’s rapidly growing secondary cities.

PMID:42402662 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-61023-6