Tag: pubmed

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):88-92. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510404188.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dental status of pediatric population in Kursk and Zheleznogorsk district and correlation with the functional area of residence.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 425 patients from 6 to 15 years old, living in regions of different radius from the Mikhailovsky Mining and Processing Plant: proximity of residence 10-30 km (n₁ – group 1); 31-50 km (n₂ – group 2); more than 50 km – comparison group (n₃). Age subgroups were identified within the groups: children with early mixed bite aged 6-8 years (n₁=45, n₂=41, n₃=46), children with late mixed bite aged 9-12 years (n₁=48, n₂=46, n³=50), children with permanent bite aged 13-15 years (n₁=50, n₂=48, n₃=51).

RESULTS: The prevalence of caries among children is high (n₂ – 89.73%; n₃ – 89.12%). In the industrial risk zone, this indicator reaches 90.24%. For children of 6-8 years, there was a significant increase in the intensity of the carious process within the designated living areas: DMFT+df n₁=5.6 [5.4-5.8] (p<0.001) and n₂=5.4 [5.0-5.6] (p=0.0016) exceeds the median value of the comparison group 5.0 [4.7-5.1]. The level of caries resistance was also reduced with 95% probability for patients of Zheleznogorsk district: n₁ – 6.1 [5.8; 6.3] (p=0.0014) and n₂ – 5.9 [5.4;6.1] (p<0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in children of secondary school age and adolescence with the control group, but a negative trend was identified.

CONCLUSION: The results obtained demonstrate changes in the dental status of children living near an industrially active area, which is a prerequisite for careful monitoring of their health status.

PMID:40899298 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202510404188

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):83-87. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510404183.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of surface electromyography in patients with functional disorders of the masticatory muscles at all stages of complex therapy and to demonstrate the need for the introduction of a generally accepted comprehensive approach to the examination and treatment of patients with this pathology.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: EMG studies were conducted in 127 patients of both sexes aged 35 to 54 years, who were divided into 2 groups. The first (control group) consisted of 20 patients without signs of functional disorders in the masticatory muscles. The second (main) group included 107 patients of both sexes with functional disorders in the masticatory muscles. The examination was carried out using a portable electromyograph “Synapsis” (Neurotech), adapted for dental purposes.

RESULTS: The application of surface electromyography in patients with functional disorders of the masticatory muscles revealed statistically significant differences in the values of the compared indices. EMG allowed for a visual assessment of the work of the masticatory musculature based on the results of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles.

CONCLUSION: Performing surface EMG at all stages of rehabilitation is of undeniable value as the most accessible and informative method for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders in patients with increased tooth wear and masticatory muscle dysfunction, which improves the quality of orthopedic treatment.

PMID:40899297 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202510404183

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):62-65. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510404162.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of visits to dental surgeons in different subjects of the Russian Federation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work used the data of sectoral statistical observation for 2017-2023 presented in the statistical compilations of the Ministry of Health of Russia on resource provision in federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation for 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024. Statistical and analytical methods of research were used in the work.

RESULTS: It was found that the highest attendance rate of dental surgeons nationwide was recorded in 2018 and 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic period from 2019 to 2021, specialist attendance decreased by 10.5%. However, despite the imposed restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic the number of visits to dental surgeons for the disease increased in 17.6% of the subjects of the Russian Federation. After the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2022 to 2023) the rate in general increased by 0.5%. In the period under study, the dynamics of attendance of dental surgeons in the country as a whole remains negative with a decrease of 9.9%.

CONCLUSION: The increase in the frequency of visits to dental surgeons among the population of the Russian Federation both during the COVID-19 pandemic and after it indicates an increase in the medical activity of the population in maintaining dental health.

PMID:40899294 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202510404162

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):22-25. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510404122.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis by PDT method based on PCR diagnostic data.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical and laboratory study and treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity was conducted in 30 people (16 men and 14 women) aged 35 to 55 years without somatic pathology with orthognathic bite diagnosed according to ICD-10 K05.3. Complex treatment consisted of oral sanitation, removal of dental plaque and curettage of periodontal pockets followed by photodynamic therapy (4 sessions of 10 minutes each). Bacteriological examination was performed before and after PDT. The test material was collected from inflammation sites in the gingival sulcus area and from periodontal pocket areas. DNA determination of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus), Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis was performed using the reagent kit Multident-5 by the method of accelerated sample preparation using reagents manufactured by Genlab LLC in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The results were assessed by a semi-quantitative method (in points from 0 to 4).

RESULTS: According to PCR diagnostics, a positive trend was observed in patients after PDT treatment. The decrease in the frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans DNA detection after treatment was not statistically significant. At the same time, A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified in 17 (85%), after therapy in 15 (80%) indivisuals. The frequency of P. intermedia detection after therapy decreased from 15 (40%) to 0 (0%) cases. The frequency of P. gingivalis DNA detection decreased by 1.4 times: from 18 (90%) cases before treatment to 13 (65%) after treatment. One month after PDT, the frequency of P. gingivalis DNA detection decreased by 2 times, and after 3 months by 1.4 times. T. forsythia was detected before treatment in all patients, after treatment in 18 cases (90%). One month after PDT, it decreased significantly and was completely eliminated, which remained the case after 3 months. T. denticola was detected in 16 (80%) patients before treatment and in 14 (70%) people after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: PDT resulted in a significant reduction in the bacterial load in patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis.

PMID:40899287 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202510404122

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):17-21. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510404117.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in periodontal tissue cells of patients with aggressive periodontitis before and after complex treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An immunohistochemical study of NLR expression (NOD1, NOD2, NLRC3, NLRP3, NLRP7, NLRP12, NAIP) was performed in periodontal tissue samples from patients with aggressive periodontitis before and after complex treatment, as well as in samples of the gingival mucosa of patients with gingival fibroids without signs of inflammation, who served as a control group.

RESULTS: In the control group, NLR expression in the multilayer squamous epithelium of the gingival mucosa was not detected. In patients with aggressive periodontitis, during the exacerbation period, pronounced expression of all studied NLRs was revealed in the inflammatory infiltrate cells of the subepithelial tissues of the periodontal pocket, as well as NOD1, NLRP3, NLRP12 and NAIP in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium of the periodontal pocket. During complex treatment, the expression of most NLRs in epithelial cells persists for 21 days, while it decreases in the inflammatory infiltrate cells of the subepithelial tissues of the periodontal pocket.

CONCLUSION: Statistically significant differences between IHC expression parameters before and after treatment according to the criterion of “inflammatory infiltrate” were found among such receptors as NAIP, NLRP12 and NLRP7.

PMID:40899286 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202510404117

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):7-11. doi: 10.17116/stomat20251040417.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the dental status of patients depending on the presence of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the first time in the Ryazan region 1857 people aged 18 to 89 years were examined. To assess the dental status of patients the CFE (DMFT) index and the OHI-S hygienic index (Green, Vermillion, 1964) were used, the presence of orthopedic structures was noted.

RESULTS: During the examination 1700 (92.34%) patients did not have diseases of the oral mucosa, while 141 (7.66%) had precancerous diseases: leukoplakia, lichen planus, papilloma and papillomatosis of the palate. The highest value of the CFE index was found in women aged 60-74 years, as well as in men and women aged 75-89 years, both among patients with and without precancerous diseases of oral mucosa. When analyzing the data of individual components of the CFE index of patients with precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, the predominant C index (caries) was identified in the group of men aged 45-59 years, a high value of the F index (filling) was obtained among women aged 18-44 years. There were equally many extracted teeth (an indicator E of the CFE index) in men and women aged 75-89 years, both in the group of patients with precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and in the group of patients without them. A significantly higher number of orthopedic structures were found in patients diagnosed with leukoplakia (44 people – 61.11%). A satisfactory level of hygiene was diagnosed in all age groups of patients with both precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and healthy patients.

CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study of the dental status, the absence of differences in the CFE index and its individual components, the OHI-S index, and the number of orthopedic structures between groups of patients with and without precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa was obtained and statistically proven. A statistically significant higher number of orthopedic structures was shown in patients diagnosed with leukoplakia in comparison with the group of patients without pathological changes of the oral mucosa.

PMID:40899284 | DOI:10.17116/stomat20251040417

Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2025 Sep;52(3):252-258. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2024.07353. Epub 2025 Jan 21.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of clomiphene citrate on sperm parameters in infertile men diagnosed with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.

METHODS: This randomized controlled trial involved 50 infertile men diagnosed with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia, all of whom had normal serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group (n=25) received a daily dose of 50 mg of clomiphene citrate in tablet form for 3 months, while the second group (n=25) was given a placebo. Sperm concentration, sperm motility, and serum testosterone levels were measured at the start of the study and after 3 months of treatment. Changes in these parameters were then assessed and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the mean sperm count (9.17±4.11 million/mL vs. 13.88±7.27 million/mL), progressive motility (14.67±7.03 vs. 21.42±11.9), total motile sperm count (3.53±3.08 million vs. 7.81±7.10 million), and mean serum testosterone levels (371.97±88.51 ng/dL vs. 805.94±290.77 ng/dL) in the clomiphene citrate group. In contrast, the changes in the placebo group were not significant. Post-treatment severe oligozoospermia was substantially lower in the clomiphene citrate group (odds ratio, 0.31) compared to the placebo group. Additionally, half of the participants in the clomiphene citrate group experienced a statistically significant upgrade in World Health Organization (WHO) sperm concentration categories, versus 27.3% in the placebo group.

CONCLUSION: Clomiphene citrate improves sperm count and motility, leading to upgrades in WHO sperm concentration categories in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.

PMID:40899280 | DOI:10.5653/cerm.2024.07353

Circ Heart Fail. 2025 Sep 3:e013084. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013084. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40899269 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013084

Clin Endosc. 2025 Sep 1. doi: 10.5946/ce.2025.073. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effectiveness of colonoscopy largely depends on the quality of bowel preparation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used but has certain limitations. This review evaluates whether combining PEG with linaclotide improves preparation efficacy and safety compared with PEG alone.

METHODS: A search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 2024. Only randomized controlled trials comparing PEG combined with linaclotide versus PEG alone and reporting adenoma detection rates (ADR) or polyp detection rates (PDR) were included. Mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

RESULTS: A total of eight studies, including 3,071 participants, were included. Pooled analysis indicated that PEG combined with linaclotide was significantly associated with a higher ADR (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28), higher Boston bowel preparation scale score (MD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.02-0.61), and greater willingness to repeat colonoscopy (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24). Although PDR (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.89-1.24) was numerically higher in the intervention group, the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, the intervention significantly reduced the incidence of nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain.

CONCLUSIONS: PEG combined with linaclotide is a safe alternative to PEG alone, improving ADR, bowel preparation quality, and patient comfort.

PMID:40899243 | DOI:10.5946/ce.2025.073

Clin Endosc. 2025 Aug 26. doi: 10.5946/ce.2025.072. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is conventionally performed in the prone position (PP). Recent studies have shown that the supine position (SP) is an effective alternative, with comparable success rates. We conducted a meta-analysis to directly compare the safety and efficacy of the two ERCP positions.

METHODS: In line with Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was performed through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan, with results considered significant at p<0.05 and reported as odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs).

RESULTS: Eleven studies (24,285 patients) were included in the final analysis. Procedural success was significantly higher in the PP (OR, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.75; p<0.0004) than the SP. However, no significant difference was observed in procedure times (MD, 0.22; 95% CI, -7.07 to 7.50; p=0.95), number of cardiopulmonary complications (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.47-2.48; p=0.86), or post-ERCP pancreatitis (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.52-2.42; p=0.31) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The PP demonstrates superior ERCP success compared to the SP, without prolonging procedure time or increasing the risk of adverse events. However, given the comparable procedure times, incidence of adverse events, and increased comfort for both patients and anesthesiologists, the SP may be a suitable alternative for a select group of patients in whom the PP is not feasible, such as those with morbid obesity or recent abdominal surgery.

PMID:40899240 | DOI:10.5946/ce.2025.072